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Severe Burns in World War II
Ulster Med J 2017;86(2):114-118 Medical History Severe Burns in World War II. John Hedley-Whyte, Debra R. Milamed Accepted: 16th October 2016 Provenance: externally peer-reviewed. INTRODUCTION Flight Lieutenant Dickson, the plane’s commander was also badly burned and losing blood from head wounds, but The Ulster Auxiliary Air Force Squadron RAF 502 were Sergeant O’Connell was even more severely burned. Dickson former “weekend flyers”. Officers and most of the air and collapsed and cows licked O’Connell’s wounds3,4,5. ground crew were from Ulster1. Supported by their medical and surgical care and their leadership they contributed decisively to Allied victory in World War II . At 3:15 AM on 27th April 1941, Pilot Officer Christopher Carmichael of 502 Squadron took Whitley aircraft Z6501 to roll out on Limavady’s partially completed airfield. A crew of 6, including Pilot Officer Christopher Carmichael, Flight Lieutenant John Dickson, Sergeant Desmond “Des” O’Connell, Sergeant Stanley William Dorney, Sergeant Fred Redhead, Sergeant John Wilson (Air Gunner) were scheduled for a ten-hour anti U-boat patrol over the Atlantic. Shortly after take-off, the starboard propeller broke off. The Whitley hit Loughermore Mountain being unable to gain altitude or fly level on one engine. Fire broke out and ignited aviation gasoline and the 250 pound bombs2,3 (Fig.1). Fig 2. Sir Archibald McIndoe (1900-1960), by Edward Irvine Halliday, painted 1962-63, oil on canvas 92 x 72 cm, courtesy of Hunterian Museum at the Royal College of Surgeons of England Fig 1. Two Whitley Bombers Airborne, by Robert T. -
Burns and Frostbite in the Red Army During World War II Vladimir Sokolov, Alexey Biryukov*, Igor Chmyrev, Mikhail Tarasenko and Pavel Kabanov
Sokolov et al. Military Medical Research (2017) 4:5 DOI 10.1186/s40779-017-0114-9 PERSPECTIVE Open Access Burns and frostbite in the Red Army during World War II Vladimir Sokolov, Alexey Biryukov*, Igor Chmyrev, Mikhail Tarasenko and Pavel Kabanov Abstract The start of World War II (WWII) led to the deployment of combat troops in several continents. Destruction and many casualties among both the military and civilians became an inevitable consequence. A large amount of people injured were in need of life-saving treatment and a speedy return to duty. Intensive studies of the specific issues of diagnosis and treatment of thermal injury were conducted in the Soviet Union before the war. The first special units for patients with burn injuries were created, and the first specialists received their first clinical experience. The contributions of famous Soviet scientists in the development of the treatment of burns and frostbite in WWII are studied in this article. The structure of thermal injuries among military personnel and the results of their treatment are shown. Treatment, classification and quantity frostbite in the structure of sanitary losses during the WWII are studied in this article. Keywords: Thermal injury, World War II, Statistics of burns and frostbite, Specialized burn centers Treatment of patients with burns prior to the It is impossible not to note that historically unprece- WWII dented innovations - intravenous infusion systems and, The Soviet Union, its allies and its opponents had no in particular, blood transfusion systems- first appeared specialized medical units for patients with burn injur- in the 1920s. These procedures were used as a means ies in military or civilian hospitals when the WWII of treatment for burns. -
Sir Archibald Mcindoe Sir Archibald Mcindoe
Published online: 2019-08-26 Icon of this issue Icon of this issue: Sir Archibald McIndoe Sir Archibald McIndoe ir Archibald McIndoe, the pioneer of post burn between him and Sir Harold Gillies who happened to reconstruction and one of the four towering British be a cousin of his that he became involved in plastic Splastic surgeons of the World War II era, was born surgery and went into partnership and practice with in New Zealand in 1900. the latter. At the onset of the war it was clear to McIndoe that burns treatment techniques at that time Along with Sir Harold Gillies, Rainsford Mowlem and were inadequate involving the use of tannic acid and T Pomfret Kilner, Sir Archibald McIndoe was given tannic jelly which when applied to the tissue, dried charge of one of the four “cottage hospitals” during the and tightened the latter and thereby reduced fluid World War II. This was the Queen Victoria Hospital at loss. This tightening of the tissues however resulted East Grinstead where the author spent five years of his in severe burn contractures. McIndoe devised new residency in the UK. techniques in the treatment of burns including the use of his famous saline burn bath. He pioneered the use He attended Medical school in his native New Zealand of flap construction to rebuild the facial features and before being invited to the Mayo Clinic for further hands of Airmen who had been burned during the air studies. He initially took up a position as a First Assistant battles of World War II. -
The Queen Victoria Hospital Collection
The Queen Victoria Hospital Collection The Queen Victoria Hospital Collection at East Grinstead Museum explores the Hospital's unique heritage. McIndoe and his Guinea Pigs The Queen Victoria Hospital, which stands on the Holtye Road, East Grinstead started life as a cottage hospital in 1863 and achieved fame during World War II due to the success it had in treating the War's burnt airmen. Plastic surgeon Archibald McIndoe, a charismatic New Zealander, was charged with custody of this task and arrived there in early September 1939, treating his first patient from the War in December. McIndoe proved to be a pioneering surgeon in the treatment and reconstruction of burns, having been schooled by his distant relative and the then authority on burns treatment Harold Gillies. Whilst at the Hospital McIndoe developed a number of surgical procedures. He succeeded in having tannic acid which, although used for the treatment of burns, actually caused more harm than good, banned, and pioneered use of the saline bath after noticing that airmen who ditched in the sea fared better than those that crashed onto land. Plastic surgery was, then, in its infancy and, prior to the growth in understanding of burns treatment that developed during the War, most people that experienced burns to the level that his patients did would not previously have survived. It was McIndoe's insistence that his patients be treated holistically and that their psychological readjustment to life was just as important as that of their medical complaints, that he became renowned for. McIndoe encouraged his patients to go out into the town of East Grinstead, he had a barrel of beer installed on the ward and would often join his patients at the piano he also installed there to help boost moral. -
Severe Burns in World War II
Severe Burns in World War II The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Hedley-Whyte, John, and Debra R. Milamed. "Severe Burns in World War II." Ulster Med J 86, no. 2 (2017): 114-118. Published Version http://www.ums.ac.uk/umj086/086(2)114.pdf Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33788487 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Ulster Med J 2017;86(2):114-118 Medical History Severe Burns in World War II. John Hedley-Whyte, Debra R. Milamed Accepted: 16th October 2016 Provenance: externally peer-reviewed. INTRODUCTION Flight Lieutenant Dickson, the plane’s commander was also badly burned and losing blood from head wounds, but The Ulster Auxiliary Air Force Squadron RAF 502 were Sergeant O’Connell was even more severely burned. Dickson former “weekend flyers”. Officers and most of the air and collapsed and cows licked O’Connell’s wounds3,4,5. ground crew were from Ulster1. Supported by their medical and surgical care and their leadership they contributed decisively to Allied victory in World War II . At 3:15 AM on 27th April 1941, Pilot Officer Christopher Carmichael of 502 Squadron took Whitley aircraft Z6501 to roll out on Limavady’s partially completed airfield. A crew of 6, including Pilot Officer Christopher Carmichael, Flight Lieutenant John Dickson, Sergeant Desmond “Des” O’Connell, Sergeant Stanley William Dorney, Sergeant Fred Redhead, Sergeant John Wilson (Air Gunner) were scheduled for a ten-hour anti U-boat patrol over the Atlantic. -
The Guinea Pig Club: Social Support and Developments in Medical Practice
University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM UVM Honors College Senior Theses Undergraduate Theses 2020 The Guinea Pig Club: Social Support and Developments in Medical Practice Camille J. Walton UVM Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses Recommended Citation Walton, Camille J., "The Guinea Pig Club: Social Support and Developments in Medical Practice" (2020). UVM Honors College Senior Theses. 370. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/370 This Honors College Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in UVM Honors College Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Guinea Pig Club: Social Support and Developments in Medical Practice Camille Walton Advised by Steven Zdatny, Ph.D. Honors Thesis in History University of Vermont Spring, 2020 Walton 1 Introduction The Guinea Pig Club was a self-named group of burned Allied airmen in World War II who underwent serial operations to regain their appearance and identity at Queen Victoria Hospital in East Grinstead, Sussex, England. There they were treated on Ward Three, also known as the Sty, by Dr.1 Archibald McIndoe, a pioneering plastic surgeon from New Zealand, who both advanced accepted methods and developed novel techniques of his own to address their wounds and rebuild their lives. The support networks McIndoe’s patients established during the war persisted for decades and transformed tragedy into resilience and grief into camaraderie. One such network was the Guinea Pig Club. One Sunday morning in July 1941, a group of hungover young men convalescing at Queen Victoria hospital decided to form a “grogging club” which was to become renowned for its support and community. -
Thursday 03 September 2020
Business Meeting of the Board of Directors Thursday 03 September 2020 Session in public 11:00 – 12:30 (via video conference) MEMBERSHIP: MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS: September 2020 M e mbers (voting): Chair - Beryl Hobson Senior Independent Director - Gary Needle (apols) Non-Executive Directors - Paul Dillon-Robinson - Kevin Gould - Karen Norman Chief Executive: - Steve Jenkin Medical Director - Keith Altman Director of Nursing - Jo Thomas Director of Finance and performance - Michelle Miles In full atte ndance (non-voting): Director of Operations - Abigail Jago Director of Workforce & OD - Geraldine Opreshko (apols) Director of Communications and Corporate Affairs - Clare Pirie Deputy Company Secretary (minutes) - Hilary Saunders Deputy Director of Nursing - Nicky Reeves Deputy Director of Workforce - Lawrence Anderson Lead governor - Peter Shore Annual declarations by directors 2020/21 Declarations of interests As established by section 40 of the Trust’s Constitution, a director of the Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust has a duty: • to avoid a situation in which the director has (or can have) a direct or indirect interest that conflicts (or possibly may conflict) with the interests of the foundation trust. • not to accept a benefit from a third party by reason of being a director or doing (or not doing) anything in that capacity. • to declare the nature and extent of any relevant and material interest or a direct or indirect interest in a proposed transaction or arrangement with the • foundation trust to the other directors. To facilitate this duty, directors are asked on appointment to the Trust and thereafter at the beginning of each financial year, to complete a form to declare any interests or to confirm that the director has no interests to declare (a ‘nil return’). -
The Palgrave Handbook of the History of Surgery
THE PALGRAVE HANDBOOK OF THE HISTORY OF SURGERY Edited by Thomas Schlich The Palgrave Handbook of the History of Surgery Thomas Schlich Editor The Palgrave Handbook of the History of Surgery Editor Thomas Schlich Department of Social Studies of Medicine McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada ISBN 978-1-349-95259-5 ISBN 978-1-349-95260-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95260-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017944555 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 The author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identifed as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. The chapters ‘Surgery and Emotion: The Era Before Anaesthesia’ and ‘Surgery, Imperial Rule and Colonial Societies (1800–1930): Technical, Institutional and Social Histories’ are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). For further details see license information in the chapters. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifcally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microflms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifc statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. -
History of the Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons
HISTORY OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS by LEITH G. DOUGLAS, M.D., F.R.C.S.(C), F.A.C.S. Douglas, Leith G. History of the Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-9691397-0-5 1. Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons. — History I. Title. RD118.A1D68 617'.95'06071 C83-098477-1 ©The Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons. 1983. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-9691397-0-5 Publisher: Anita Wood, Can Wood Communications, Ltd. Printed in Canada TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................. I PREFACE ................................................................................................................................. II CHAPTER I .............................................................................................................................. 1 CANADIAN PLASTIC SURGERY BEFORE THE PLASTIC SURGEONS ............................................. 1 CHAPTER II ............................................................................................................................. 9 THE FOUNDERS OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS ...................................... 9 CHAPTER III .......................................................................................................................... 19 FOUNDING OF THE SOCIETY THE EARLY YEARS: 1947-1959 ................................................... 19 CHAPTER IV ......................................................................................................................... -
Mcindoe's Revolutionising Treatment Regime
McIndoe’s Revolutionising Treatment Regime How an experimental treatment regime contributed to injured soldiers’ rehabilitation after the Battle of Britain Magnus Aune Master’s Dissertation in History Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History Faculty of Humanities The University of Oslo Spring 2018 ii McIndoe’s Revolutionising Treatment Regime How an experimental treatment regime contributed to injured soldiers’ rehabilitation after the Battle of Britain Acrylic on Canvas – Ragnhild Aune © 2018 The painting is inspired by Fighter Pilot Geoffrey Page’s memory of crashing his aeroplane during the Battle of Britain, 1940: “You’re screaming with fear […] the thing is happening so quickly, if you don’t get out within a few seconds, you’re dead. You can see your hands burning in front of you. The life is just going out of you.” iii © Magnus Aune 2018 McIndoe’s Revolutionising Treatment Regime Magnus Aune http://www.duo.uio.no/ Print: Reprosentralen, The University of Oslo iv Abstract The birth of the Guinea Pig Club took place in Ward III at the Queen Victoria Hospital in East Grinstead, West Sussex, in 1941. It was created as a drinking club by injured soldiers, as a way to pass the time between operations, but it turned out to fulfil much more than its original and initial purpose. The Club was created by pilots from the Royal Air Force who suffered from burns after clashes between their aircrafts and the Luftwaffe’s aircrafts during the Battle of Britain, and they all underwent reconstructive surgery from the famous plastic surgeon Archi- bald Hector McIndoe. Since their surgical procedures were considered to be experimental, the soldiers ended up calling themselves McIndoe’s Guinea Pigs, which gave the Club its name. -
(Edward Fitz-) Gerald Brenan Carlos Pranger (Estelle) Sylvia Pankhurst
Name(s) for which Copyright is Contact name Organisation held (Alastair) Brian (Clarke) Harrison Susanna Harrison (Edward Fitz-) Gerald Brenan Carlos Pranger (Estelle) Sylvia Pankhurst & Dame Christabel Pankhurst, New Times & Ethiopia News Professor Richard Pankhurst (George) Geoffrey Dawson Robert Bell Langliffe Hall (Henry) David Cunynghame & Sir Andrew Cunynghame Sir Andrew Cunynghame (Henry) David Cunynghame, Shepperton Film Studios Magdalena Dulce Shepperton Studios Ltd (Herbert) Jonathan Cape, George Wren Howard & Jonathan Cape Ltd (Publishers) Jo Watt Random House (Isabelle) Hope Muntz Valerie Anand (Joint) International Committee of Movements for E, Dr Joseph H Retinger, European Movement, European Movement, Paris, International Committee of Movements for European, International Council of European Movement, Paul-Henri Spaak, Rachel Ford, Sir Harold Beresford Butler, Thomas Martin & United Kingdom Council of European Movement Joao Diogo Pinto European Movement (Nicholas) Robin Udal John Oliver Udal (Reginald) Jack Daniel Reginald Jack Daniel (Sydney) Ivon Hitchens John Hitchens (Thomas) Malcolm Muggeridge, Alan (John Percival) Taylor, Dorothy Leigh Sayers, Robert Howard Spring G Glover David Higham Associates Ltd (William Ewart) Gladstone Murray, Alfred Ryan, Antony Craxton, Baron of Lonsdale Sir William Jocelyn Ian Fraser, BBC, BBC Empire Executive, Cyril Conner, John Beresford Clark, Lt- Gen Sir (Edward) Ian (Claud) Jacob, Peter (Robert) Fleming, Rt Hon John (Henry) Whitley, Rt Hon Sir Alexander George Montagu Cadogan, Sir William -
The Maxillofacial Unit
Alnnals of the Royal College of Surgeonis of Englnd (I975) 1ol 57 The maxillofacial unit Sir Terence Ward CBE FDSRCS FRCS Queen Victoria I-Iospital, East Grinstead I am going to speak on the maxillofacial the result that he was lout oni a stretcher anid, unit with particular reference to East Grin- having got a fracture through both angles, he stead because this association of suffocated and died. dentistry 'I well remember wrapping him in a blanket and with plastic surgery is not altogether due to burying him that night, anci I made up my mind anatomical propinquity but evolved from a that if I had an opportunity of teaching that les- deep personal relationship between two pio- son to others, I would do so. That was the mile- neers in their own field, Harold Gillies and stone of my life.' Kelsey Fry. Kelsey was wounded in France again, dec- orated on the field, and throu,h the influence First World War of Arbuthnot Lane, the Consulting Surgeon In I962, at this podium, Kelsey Fry gave to the Armiy, he was posted to the Cambridge the opening address at the First International Hospital at Aldershot to treat facial injuries, Congress of Oral Surgery, which was held where he was joined by McGill, Rowbotham, in this College, and I quote from that and Henry Tonks. Henry Tonks FRCS was speech: the Slade Professor of Fine Art in the Uni- 'There was a young officer, a delightful boy, who versity of London-one of many members was asked to do a little exploration in no man's of the medical profession land.