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Uni et al. Parasites & Vectors (2017) 10:194 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2105-9 RESEARCH Open Access Morphological and molecular characteristics of Malayfilaria sofiani Uni, Mat Udin & Takaoka n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from the common treeshrew Tupaia glis Diard & Duvaucel (Mammalia: Scandentia) in Peninsular Malaysia Shigehiko Uni1,2*, Ahmad Syihan Mat Udin1, Takeshi Agatsuma3, Weerachai Saijuntha3,4, Kerstin Junker5, Rosli Ramli1, Hasmahzaiti Omar1, Yvonne Ai-Lian Lim6, Sinnadurai Sivanandam6, Emilie Lefoulon7, Coralie Martin7, Daicus Martin Belabut1, Saharul Kasim1, Muhammad Rasul Abdullah Halim1, Nur Afiqah Zainuri1, Subha Bhassu1, Masako Fukuda8, Makoto Matsubayashi9, Masashi Harada10, Van Lun Low11, Chee Dhang Chen1, Narifumi Suganuma3, Rosli Hashim1, Hiroyuki Takaoka1 and Mohd Sofian Azirun1 Abstract Background: The filarial nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold, 1877), Brugia malayi (Brug, 1927) and B. timori Partono, Purnomo, Dennis, Atmosoedjono, Oemijati & Cross, 1977 cause lymphatic diseases in humans in the tropics, while B. pahangi (Buckley & Edeson, 1956) infects carnivores and causes zoonotic diseases in humans in Malaysia. Wuchereria bancrofti, W. kalimantani Palmieri, Pulnomo, Dennis & Marwoto, 1980 and six out of ten Brugia spp. have been described from Australia, Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka and India. However, the origin and evolution of the species in the Wuchereria-Brugia clade remain unclear. While investigating the diversity of filarial parasites in Malaysia, we discovered an undescribed species in the common treeshrew Tupaia glis Diard & Duvaucel (Mammalia: Scandentia). Methods: We examined 81 common treeshrews from 14 areas in nine states and the Federal Territory of Peninsular Malaysia for filarial parasites. Once any filariae that were found had been isolated, we examined their morphological characteristics and determined the partial sequences of their mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and 12S rRNA genes.
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