Chapter 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Importance of Research Methodology The research methodology employed by the researchers to solve the research’s main questions. The methodology is intended to set the outline for the research and describe how the research should be passed out. According to Rajasekar et al (2013, p. 5) “Principally, the techniques, which researchers deal withS their work of unfolding, clarifying and forecasting occurrences are the processes of research methodology”. Some researcher describes the research as the systems by which the research gains the information about the study. It’s very significant for the researcher to apply a research methodology in their study paper and select the way, as which best suits their research requirements. The part of the study is highlighting on applying and improving the research plan which are directly related to the concepts and outlines which have been accomplished by the earlier studies. This chapter is offerings several research approaches that can be applied in the study (Littler, 2003). Saunders et al., (2012) recommends that a good construction intend to be used in the study which covers with the philosophy of the research paper, method, research strategy, data collecting and limitations. 3.2 Research Philosophy In this paper the positivism philosophy of research method will employ and the positivism philosophy supports to classify the connection between the independent and the dependent variables and assistances to illuminate the realities or things happening in the real world. This research philosophy also reliefs to set the consistencies for the research and looks to search for the truth accessible (Burrell and Morgan, (2011). Some researchers believe that positivism research supports to examine the realism of an objective which can be restrained. Consequently, this research displays that the results produced from the positivism philosophy are reliable and not subjective. Therefore, the positivism research philosophy is the most suitable one to employ in this paper will employ. 3.3 Research Methodology As the research applies the positivism philosophy, the researcher of this study needs to amount the objective and the deductive research methodology. The deductive research method offers techniques to extent the hypothesis testes in an experimental way. The deductive research methods contains the method for gaining the data, to measure the gathered data, which supports in calculating the hypothesis and supports to determine whether the hypotheses is accepted or rejected. Bryman & Bell (2011) states, the system of deductive research can be described as “the most general view of the connection between theories and researches” (pp. 11). An additional study also contains the opinion of the quantitative research system is connected to the view of deductive research method. Inductive research method is also known as another research methodology that the researcher can apply in their research papers. The deductive method and inductive research approaches are offered with diverse methods to create the outcome. In contrast, the inductive method uses the qualitative technique to collect the data. According to Bryman & Bell (2011), for a study to be more detailed and specific with smaller sets the inductive research method is better option compared to larger groups where the deductive research approach is a better option. In this paper the researcher will use the deductive approach as the study includes variables and features that will be verified using foundation of the hypothesis testing. Quantitative research method is also a portion of the deductive stystem. Therefore the researcher decided to apply the deductive research method in this paper. This study will involves the quantitative research method to collect primary data to answer the researcher’s questions and it will be used to discover the demand and supply of micro financing in Myanmar. This research will use a survey method in the form of questionnaires to collect data from Kamayut Township in Yangon, which is the capital city of Myanmar. Collecting data from all parts of Myanmar will be time consuming and cost money and as the researcher have very limited time and budget, the researcher plans to collect the data viaan off-line survey method by asking questions to people in the Kamayut area. According tothe researcher the Kamayut area is as a good area to find people who are willing to take loans because most of them can be considered as poor or earning a low income. In addition, when all the information is gathered the researcher will apply the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) to analyse all the data collection by using the questionnaire. For this study the basic research method will be used which will include surveys using different forms of questionnaires. This approach can provide the researcher with the most effective and fastest way to collect the information from the respondents. 3.3.1 Data Collection Technique 3.3.2 Primary Data There are two ways can collect the primary data for the research study, which are quantitative and qualitative. According to Saunders et al., (2012), primary data can describe as the research data that have been mainly collected for the present research study. It has been explained that the difference between qualitative research and quantitative research can be accepted by the data which is developed mostly being mathematical for quantitative and non-numerical for qualitative. Quantitative research is a research approach which offers the data that can be examined. On the other hand, the qualitative research offers data with more detail in depth examination, however, it is not presented in numerical data. This paper will use primary data as the method to assemble and examine the data. The study will apply the deductive method which can lead to the choice of quantitative data as it is best matched for the objective of the study. 3.3.3 Secondary data Secondary data can be accessible with large quantity and various ways from previous studies for the researcher to gather the information from the research title and theoretically the research does not have to even make the primary data to prove the study. The secondary research is similar with the primary data which have been collected by the previous researchers and it was applied for their studies. The previous research study offered with the conceptual frameworks and other variable data which is able be to use for a new primary research study. The secondary data is also can avoid the time consuming and higher cost in compare to do a new primary research data. On the other hand, secondary data was made with some certain weaknesses as the research was focused in the past and consumer’s awareness towards the study may not be the same with nowadays, therefore it is very important to run primary data to collect a new data that will reflect the current consumers’ perceptions (Zikmund, 2010). The secondary data have been though used for the persistence of literature review and consist of studies from well-known educational papers. The literature review offer the study which reflect the demand and supply for micro loan and micro saving in Myanmar. 3.4 Research Design The design of the research segment covers with the information about the form of surveys used to collect the data. In this study the offline questionnaire approach will be apply for the survey, as the people in the low income category do not have the access to the internet. The offline method will also be used and that will be distributed to the households, poor people and microfinance clients. The type of the questionnaire would contain of closed questions and fixed-choice questions in its format, which includes constraining “the participants to a greater extent” compared to using open-end questions, where the participants can openly write down their answers. The Multiple-choice question method falls under the usage of fixed and closed-end types of questions in its layout, and by this method the researcher can limit the responses of participants and make it easier to accumulate the valuable data, and also it better to examine the data. An open-end question leaves the research with several variables, therefore, making it harder to anticipate the outcome of the study. Since the researcher intended to discover the relationship of the study based on the current hypothesis, it is easier to operate the technique recommended by Constantinos et al., (2011) and Mills et al., (1994) using the close-ended questionnaires as a way to gather data. This system have been confirmed to be actual by many researchers as the data accomplished is in numerical arrangement and strong expectations can be completed (Nichols and Childs, 2009; Potter, 2003; Smith, 2008; Mills et al., 1994). Interviewing method would be more effective if the research was concentrating in certain non- quantifiable data and research objectives, on the other hand as that is not the case with this research, the researcher have confidence in that bringing the quantitative data through questionnaire as the implement for gathering this data will be more effective. The questionnaires format for this study will be separated into three sections. The first section is demographic section which collects the data by age, gender, education and income. The second section highlighting on micro loans and the last section in the questionnaires is handling micro saving. 3.4.1 Target population Target population is one the most important portion of the research paper. It is essential for the researcher to make sure the group of participants, to whom the survey is based on. In this research, the target population is the one, who has the most important impact on Microfinance Institutions in Myanmar. This search will measure the microfinance users in Myanmar, the intention of the respondents is shown in the way they answers the questionnaires.