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Switch Asia Booklet on Consumption 76 eries sia s a - h C o. ooklet b n SWIT 3 MainstreaMing sustainable ConsuMption in asia part 2 | the solutions what are the opportunities? SWITCH-Asia Network Facility SWITCH-Asia Network Facility is implemented by UNEP/Wuppertal Institute This booklet is prepared by Consumers is funded by the European Union. Collaborating Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production International in collaboration with and Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy. and under the supervision of the SWITCH-Asia Network Facility. 75 publisher: SWITCH-Asia Network Facility UNEP/Wuppertal Institute Collaborating Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production (CSCP) Hagenauer Straße 30 | 42107 Wuppertal | Germany Phone | +49.202.45 95 8.10 Fax | +49.202.45 95 8.31 www.switch-asia.eu [email protected] authors: Arlene de Vera and Anni Mitin (Consumers International, Office for Asia-Pacific and the Middle East) Burcu Tunçer (Project Manager, SWITCH-Asia Network Facility) supervision and guidanCe: Frans Verspeek (Team Leader, SWITCH-Asia Network Facility) expert REVIEW: We would like to express our sincere appreciation for the constructive comments given by the expert reviewers: Lewis Akenji, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies; Carolin Baedeker, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment, Energy; Cheryl Hicks and Nora Brüggeman, UNEP/Wuppertal Institute Collaborating Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production; Rajan Gandhi, Society in Action Group; Bjarne Pedersen, Consumers International; Muralidharan.T, Hivos; Christian Tetzel, EC EuropeAid Development and Cooperation Directorate-General editor: Alison Eades, Archway Communications design: Elmar Sander, www.elmarsander.de printer: Unique Press Copyright: The SWITCH-Asia Network Facility This publication has been produced for the SWITCH-Asia Programme and the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the UNEP/Wuppertal Institute Collaborating Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production (CSCP) and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. 2 74 about this booklet side 1 switch side 2 This booklet discusses sustainable consumption from the perspective of the SWITCH-Asia programme. It aims: • to provide an overview of sustainable consumption especially in overcoming challenges at decision challenges in Asia; points – what to buy, how to use, and how to dis- • presents solutions and opportunities to address card. This part is particularly useful for organisa- sustainable consumption challenges in the region and tions within and outside Asia that are not taking provides examples of how to overcome the challenges; part in the SWITCH-Asia programme as a basis • could be a source of inspiration for policy-makers and for showing the replication of sustainable con- project developers in Europe and Asia who are sumption approaches. considering implementing projects in Asia. This side of the booklet deals with the solu- tions, approaches and instruments for achieving a shift to environmentally friendly and fair pro- he booklet has two sides. One presents ducts, responsible product-use and good end-of- the challenges that consumers face in life management including reuse and recycling the region when embracing sustainable in asia. Particularly, it seeks to answers these consumption,t particularly regarding the product questions: life-cycle, and the other presents solutions and • What can governments, businesses and NGOs opportunities. The unique design requires the do to engage, encourage, enable, and reader to flip it over to continue reading from the exemplify sustainable consumption? middle – it needs to be ‘SWITCHED’. The solutions • What are the solutions to the challenges of section of the booklet contains case studies of promoting sustainable consumption? programmes and projects from the region. These • What are the examples and lesson learned examples showcase ‘sustainable consumption’ from other stakeholders or practitioners? table oF Contents what sustainable consumption means for the asia-pacific region 4 turning challenges into opportunities 5 What and how to buy 10 Case Study India: Where consumers can be confident that they’re shopping for change 10 Case Study Thailand: Organic to ethical – green marketing makes added value clear 15 How to use 21 Case study Bangladesh: Cooking, poultry and working together introducing rural consumers to ‘low-impact product use’ 21 How to discard 26 CASE STUDY Philippines: Shared responsibility for waste means a healthier neighbourhood and a cleaner Lake Laguna 27 CASE STUDY India: Environmentally sound management of electronic waste 31 actions in asia – laying a path to sustainable consumption 35 wrapping up: sustainable consumption for asia 42 From sustainable consumption towards sustainable lifestyles 45 references 46 3 73 what sustainable ConsuMption Means For the asia-paCiFiC region Singapore making a green leap to the first row in Asian Green City Index 2011 (Photo: Januario Rivas III) hat does sustainable consumption Developed countries (in the blue cloud) have mean for the Asia Pacific region? It reached a comfortable level of human develop- means making a ‘green leap’ from ment. Their burden on the environment, how- wan unsustainable to a sustainable development ever, is higher than the global ecological carry- path. It means switching to greener products ing capacity. Developing countries (in the grey and services, and it means encouraging less pol- cloud) have not reached the same level of hu- luting and resource-intense patterns of industri- man development. These countries have a rap- al development. Figure 1 shows the level of hu- idly expanding middle class that is consuming man development that countries have reached plenty of resources. Thus, huge investments are (vertical axis), and their corresponding environ- needed to provide for basic needs of the low- mental footprint (horizontal axis). income people. Figure 1: The path towards sustainable consumption: responding to increasing demand without inflating ecological footprints (adapted from WWF, 2006a, p.19) High demand on biosphere per person ‘developed Countries’ The Green Leap Sustainable Development Minimum acceptable level of Human Development evelopment Index d Human ‘developing Countries’ High demand on biosphere per person Within carrying Low human development capacity Low human development World average biocapacity available per person Ecological Footprint per person 4 72 turning Challenges into opportunities Singapore making a green leap to the first row Opportunities exist for consumers to experience in Asian Green City Index 2011 (Photo: Januario Rivas III) ethical markets in Asia onsumers can make a significant contri- be an opportunity to increase their awareness bution towards the creation of a sustain- of how much energy, water, or other materials able society just by taking more care over have been used during production, or to inno- theC decisions they make when buying, using, vate for a more efficient consumption. Informa- or discarding a product or service. But to make tion on the sustainability of a product, along its informed decisions, business needs to provide supply chain, can be provided by eco-labelling, information and opportunity. This booklet sets for instance, which can help a consumer assess out the challenges that exist today for consum- the full cost of a product. Governments can ers and producers, and shows how they can also directly engage consumers, in collabora- come together with governments and NGOs to tion with other interested organisations such as overcome the obstacles – such as lack of trust or NGOs, media and schools, in the hope of chang- unavailability of green choices – and jointly con- ing their behaviour. Table 1 summarises various tribute to the ‘green leap’ that Asia needs. means and strategies for meeting the chal- Governments, businesses (including produ- lenges of sustainable consumption by different cers), NGOs and educators can engage with, stakeholders. These responses and strategies cor- enable, encourage, and exemplify for consum- respond to challenges in Part 1, which have been ers to purchase and experience better quality identified and selected through literature search- products and services. For example, there could es and discussions with experts in the region. Figure 2: The paths towards encouraging and enabling consumers to make sustainable decisions (CSCP, 2009) the Challenge For poliCy-Makers: how to enCourage and enable environment friendly environment friendly after-sales and and ethical products use of products end-of-life services Enabling choice for Raising awareness Making facilities and ethical products that are about, and encouraging systems available for safe with low carbon, design for, low-carbon reuse, recycle, return, low resource intensity and resource-efficient repair or safe disposal. and benefit both con- product use. sumers and producers. what to how to how to buy? use? discard? the Challenge For ConsuMers: how to Make sustainable deCisions 5 71 Table 1: Courses of action to create opportunities for sustainable consumption Challenge governMent business ngo Limited access Show it: lead by exam- Invest in visibility: Lead and guide: to ethical ple, adopt policies on provide shelf space for develop information products green public procure- ethical products and materials on how/ and services ment put them next to usual where to access fair Encourage visibility: offers trade products provide
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