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Bootstomp: on the Security of Bootloaders in Mobile Devices
BootStomp: On the Security of Bootloaders in Mobile Devices Nilo Redini, Aravind Machiry, Dipanjan Das, Yanick Fratantonio, Antonio Bianchi, Eric Gustafson, Yan Shoshitaishvili, Christopher Kruegel, and Giovanni Vigna, UC Santa Barbara https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity17/technical-sessions/presentation/redini This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 26th USENIX Security Symposium August 16–18, 2017 • Vancouver, BC, Canada ISBN 978-1-931971-40-9 Open access to the Proceedings of the 26th USENIX Security Symposium is sponsored by USENIX BootStomp: On the Security of Bootloaders in Mobile Devices Nilo Redini, Aravind Machiry, Dipanjan Das, Yanick Fratantonio, Antonio Bianchi, Eric Gustafson, Yan Shoshitaishvili, Christopher Kruegel, and Giovanni Vigna fnredini, machiry, dipanjan, yanick, antoniob, edg, yans, chris, [email protected] University of California, Santa Barbara Abstract by proposing simple mitigation steps that can be im- plemented by manufacturers to safeguard the bootloader Modern mobile bootloaders play an important role in and OS from all of the discovered attacks, using already- both the function and the security of the device. They deployed hardware features. help ensure the Chain of Trust (CoT), where each stage of the boot process verifies the integrity and origin of 1 Introduction the following stage before executing it. This process, in theory, should be immune even to attackers gaining With the critical importance of the integrity of today’s full control over the operating system, and should pre- mobile and embedded devices, vendors have imple- vent persistent compromise of a device’s CoT. However, mented a string of inter-dependent mechanisms aimed at not only do these bootloaders necessarily need to take removing the possibility of persistent compromise from untrusted input from an attacker in control of the OS in the device. -
UKUI: a Lightweight Desktop Environment Based on Pluggable
2016 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science (AICS 2016) ISBN: 978-1-60595-411-0 UKUI: A Lightweight Desktop Environment Based on Pluggable Framework for Linux Distribution Jie YU1, Lu SI1,*, Jun MA1, Lei LUO1, Xiao-dong LIU1, Ya-ting KUANG2, Huan PENG2, Rui LI1, Jin-zhu KONG2 and Qing-bo WU1 1College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China 2Tianjin KYLIN Information Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China *[email protected] *Corresponding author Keywords: Desktop environment, Ubuntu, User interface. Abstract. Ubuntu is an operating system with Linux kernel based on Debian and distributed as free and open-source software. It uses Unity as its default desktop environment, which results in more difficulties of usage for Microsoft Windows users. In this paper, we present a lightweight desktop environment named UKUI based on UbuntuKylin, the official Chinese version of Ubuntu, for Linux distribution. It is designed as a pluggable framework and provides better user experience during human-computer interaction. In order to evaluate the performance of UKUI, a set of testing bench suits were performed on a personal computer. Overall, the results showed that UKUI has better performance compared with Unity. Introduction Linux is a freely available operating system (OS) originated by Linux Torvalds and further developed by thousands of others. Typically, Linux is packaged in a form known as a Linux distribution for both desktop and server use. Some of the most popular mainstream Linux distributions are Red Hat [1], Ubuntu [2], Arch [3], openSUSY [4], Gentoo [5], etc. There are several desktop environments available for nowadays modern Linux distributions, such as XFCE [6], GNOME [7], KDE [8] and LXDE [9]. -
FAN53525 3.0A, 2.4Mhz, Digitally Programmable Tinybuck® Regulator
FAN53525 — 3.0 A, 2.4 MHz, June 2014 FAN53525 3.0A, 2.4MHz, Digitally Programmable TinyBuck® Regulator Digitally Programmable TinyBuck Digitally Features Description . Fixed-Frequency Operation: 2.4 MHz The FAN53525 is a step-down switching voltage regulator that delivers a digitally programmable output from an input . Best-in-Class Load Transient voltage supply of 2.5 V to 5.5 V. The output voltage is 2 . Continuous Output Current Capability: 3.0 A programmed through an I C interface capable of operating up to 3.4 MHz. 2.5 V to 5.5 V Input Voltage Range Using a proprietary architecture with synchronous . Digitally Programmable Output Voltage: rectification, the FAN53525 is capable of delivering 3.0 A - 0.600 V to 1.39375 V in 6.25 mV Steps continuous at over 80% efficiency, maintaining that efficiency at load currents as low as 10 mA. The regulator operates at Programmable Slew Rate for Voltage Transitions . a nominal fixed frequency of 2.4 MHz, which reduces the . I2C-Compatible Interface Up to 3.4 Mbps value of the external components to 330 nH for the output inductor and as low as 20 µF for the output capacitor. PFM Mode for High Efficiency in Light Load . Additional output capacitance can be added to improve . Quiescent Current in PFM Mode: 50 µA (Typical) regulation during load transients without affecting stability, allowing inductance up to 1.2 µH to be used. Input Under-Voltage Lockout (UVLO) ® At moderate and light loads, Pulse Frequency Modulation Regulator Thermal Shutdown and Overload Protection . (PFM) is used to operate in Power-Save Mode with a typical . -
Embedded Computer Solutions for Advanced Automation Control «
» Embedded Computer Solutions for Advanced Automation Control « » Innovative Scalable Hardware » Qualifi ed for Industrial Software » Open Industrial Communication The pulse of innovation » We enable Automation! « Open Industrial Automation Platforms Kontron, one of the leaders of embedded computing technol- ogy has established dedicated global business units to provide application-ready OEM platforms for specifi c markets, includ- ing Industrial Automation. With our global corporate headquarters located in Germany, Visualization & Control Data Storage Internet-of-Things and regional headquarters in the United States and Asia-Pa- PanelPC Industrial Server cifi c, Kontron has established a strong presence worldwide. More than 1000 highly qualifi ed engineers in R&D, technical Industrie 4.0 support, and project management work with our experienced sales teams and sales partners to devise a solution that meets M2M SYMKLOUD your individual application’s demands. When it comes to embedded computing, you can focus on your core capabilities and rely on Kontron as your global OEM part- ner for a successful long-term business relationship. In addition to COTS standards based products, Kontron also of- fers semi- and full-custom ODM services for a full product port- folio that ranges from Computer-on-Modules and SBCs, up to embedded integrated systems and application ready platforms. Open for new technologies Kontron provides an exceptional range of hardware for any kind of control solution. Open for individual application Kontron systems are available either as readily integrated control solutions, or as open platforms for customers who build their own control applications with their own look and feel. Open for real-time Kontron’s Industrial Automation platforms are open for Real- Industrial Ethernet Time operating systems like VxWorks and Linux with real time extension. -
Linux Sound Subsystem Documentation Release 4.13.0-Rc4+
Linux Sound Subsystem Documentation Release 4.13.0-rc4+ The kernel development community Sep 05, 2017 CONTENTS 1 ALSA Kernel API Documentation 1 1.1 The ALSA Driver API ............................................ 1 1.2 Writing an ALSA Driver ........................................... 89 2 Designs and Implementations 145 2.1 Standard ALSA Control Names ...................................... 145 2.2 ALSA PCM channel-mapping API ..................................... 147 2.3 ALSA Compress-Offload API ........................................ 149 2.4 ALSA PCM Timestamping ......................................... 152 2.5 ALSA Jack Controls ............................................. 155 2.6 Tracepoints in ALSA ............................................ 156 2.7 Proc Files of ALSA Drivers ......................................... 158 2.8 Notes on Power-Saving Mode ....................................... 161 2.9 Notes on Kernel OSS-Emulation ..................................... 161 2.10 OSS Sequencer Emulation on ALSA ................................... 165 3 ALSA SoC Layer 171 3.1 ALSA SoC Layer Overview ......................................... 171 3.2 ASoC Codec Class Driver ......................................... 172 3.3 ASoC Digital Audio Interface (DAI) .................................... 174 3.4 Dynamic Audio Power Management for Portable Devices ...................... 175 3.5 ASoC Platform Driver ............................................ 180 3.6 ASoC Machine Driver ............................................ 181 3.7 Audio Pops -
Liebert® Intellislot Unity Card Installer/User Guide TABLE of CONTENTS
Liebert® IntelliSlot™ Unity™ Card Installer/User Guide The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice and may not be suitable for all applications. While every precaution has been taken to ensure the accuracy and completeness of this document, Vertiv assumes no responsibility and disclaims all liability for damages resulting from use of this information or for any errors or omissions. Refer to other local practices or building codes as applicable for the correct methods, tools, and materials to be used in performing procedures not specifically described in this document. The products covered by this instruction manual are manufactured and/or sold by Vertiv. This document is the property of Vertiv and contains confidential and proprietary information owned by Vertiv. Any copying, use or disclosure of it without the written permission of Vertiv is strictly prohibited. Names of companies and products are trademarks or registered trademarks of the respective companies. Any questions regarding usage of trademark names should be directed to the original manufacturer. Technical Support Site If you encounter any installation or operational issues with your product, check the pertinent section of this manual to see if the issue can be resolved by following outlined procedures. Visit https://www.VertivCo.com/en-us/support/ for additional assistance. Vertiv™ | Liebert® IntelliSlot Unity Card Installer/User Guide TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Support for Liebert SN Sensors 2 2 Installation 3 2.1 Installing -
The GNOME Census: Who Writes GNOME?
The GNOME Census: Who writes GNOME? Dave Neary & Vanessa David, Neary Consulting © Neary Consulting 2010: Some rights reserved Table of Contents Introduction.........................................................................................3 What is GNOME?.............................................................................3 Project governance...........................................................................3 Why survey GNOME?.......................................................................4 Scope and methodology...................................................................5 Tools and Observations on Data Quality..........................................7 Results and analysis...........................................................................10 GNOME Project size.......................................................................10 The Long Tail..................................................................................11 Effects of commercialisation..........................................................14 Who does the work?.......................................................................15 Who maintains GNOME?................................................................17 Conclusions........................................................................................22 References.........................................................................................24 Appendix 1: Modules included in survey...........................................25 2 Introduction What -
Features Ask Klaus!
FEATURES Ask Klaus! Klaus Knopper answers your Linux questions Thanks for reading this, Klaus; it really means a lot to me that you take time to help out the Linux community. Mark Mina If I’m not completely mistaken (having no such model for test- ing), the main challenge with this note- AskBy Klaus Knopper Klaus! book really seems to be the graphics Knoppix Install adapter, which is a hybrid Intel + ATI/ Hello, Klaus. I have been using your AMD RadeonHD 6550M. You will most OS version 6.4 as supplied on the likely need a new kernel (at least 2.6.38 DVD with the January 2011 Linux Maga- or 2.6.39) with the Radeon DRM module zine. I like it so much that I would like to and Xorg 1.10 with the xorg-video- install it on the hard drive on one of my radeon driver, which is currently in De- machines. I have looked through the bian/ unstable. This is quite distro-inde- files but cannot find a way to install it. pendent; the most recently released ones Can you please advise? I am not on the will be the best candidates. Internet but hope to be on in the next You may also succeed by switching off couple of months. Best Regards, John one of the graphics chipsets in the BIOS Stirling and explicitly configuring the other in Xorg. The Intel version may be a good A Knoppix harddisk install option candidate. For Knoppix, try to boot with: exists in the Preferences menu with the “0wn” (“zero work needed”) knoppix xmodule=intel utility. -
Pipewire: a Low-Level Multimedia Subsystem
Proceedings of the 18th Linux Audio Conference (LAC-20), SCRIME, Université de Bordeaux, France, November 25–27, 2020 PIPEWIRE: A LOW-LEVEL MULTIMEDIA SUBSYSTEM Wim Taymans ∗ Principal Software Engineer Red Hat, Spain [email protected] ABSTRACT 2. LINUX AUDIO LANDSCAPE PipeWire is a low-level multimedia library and daemon that facili- Audio support on Linux first appeared with the Open Sound System tates negotiation and low-latency transport of multimedia content be- (OSS) [6] and was until the 2.4 kernel the only audio API available tween applications, filters and devices. It is built using modern Linux on Linux. It was based around the standard Unix open/close/read- infrastructure and has both performance and security as its core de- /write/ioctl system calls. sign guidelines. The goal is to provide services such as JACK and OSS was replaced by the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture PulseAudio on top of this common infrastructure. PipeWire is media (ALSA) [7]from Linux 2.5. ALSA improved on the OSS API and agnostic and supports arbitrary compressed and uncompressed for- included a user space library that abstracted many of the hardware mats. A common audio infrastructure with backwards compatibility details. The ALSA user-space library also includes a plugin infras- that can support Pro Audio and Desktop Audio use cases can poten- tructure that can be used to create new custom devices and plugins. tially unify the currently fractured audio landscape on Linux desk- Unfortunately, the plugin system is quite static and requires editing tops and workstations and give users and developers a much better of configuration files. -
Low-Power Ultra-Small Edge AI Accelerators for Image Recog- Nition with Convolution Neural Networks: Analysis and Future Directions
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 16 July 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0375.v1 Review Low-power Ultra-small Edge AI Accelerators for Image Recog- nition with Convolution Neural Networks: Analysis and Future Directions Weison Lin 1, *, Adewale Adetomi 1 and Tughrul Arslan 1 1 Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK; [email protected]; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Edge AI accelerators have been emerging as a solution for near customers’ applications in areas such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), image recognition sensors, wearable devices, ro- botics, and remote sensing satellites. These applications not only require meeting performance tar- gets but also meeting strict reliability and resilience constraints due to operations in harsh and hos- tile environments. Numerous research articles have been proposed, but not all of these include full specifications. Most of these tend to compare their architecture with other existing CPUs, GPUs, or other reference research. This implies that the performance results of the articles are not compre- hensive. Thus, this work lists the three key features in the specifications such as computation ability, power consumption, and the area size of prior art edge AI accelerators and the CGRA accelerators during the past few years to define and evaluate the low power ultra-small edge AI accelerators. We introduce the actual evaluation results showing the trend in edge AI accelerator design about key performance metrics to guide designers on the actual performance of existing edge AI acceler- ators’ capability and provide future design directions and trends for other applications with chal- lenging constraints. -
Windows Subsystem for Linux
LINUX 101 ... FOR .NET DEVS Oliver Sturm • @olivers • [email protected] OLIVER STURM Training Director at DevExpress Consultant, trainer, author, software architect and developer for over 25 years Contact: [email protected] Linux 101 2 / 37 AGENDA That Linux Thing Getting Started with Linux Shells, Command Lines and Commands File Systems and Permissions Users and Processes Editing and Configuring Packages Creating a .NET Core App Setting Up a Runtime Environment Linux 101 3 / 37 ON DAY 1... From: Linus Benedict Torvalds Date: August 25 1991 Subject: What would you like to see most in minix? Hello everybody out there using minix - I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. PS. It is NOT protable (uses 386 task switching etc), and it probably never will support anything other than AT-harddisks, as that's all I have :-(. Full thread: http://osturm.me/torvalds-linux-announcement Linux 101 4 / 37 ON DAY 1... From: Linus Benedict Torvalds Date: August 25 1991 Subject: What would you like to see most in minix? Hello everybody out there using minix - Y THE AY I'm Bdoin g a ( Wfree) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. Linus doesn't mention it, but his new OS was going to be PS. called It Freaxis NO Tat p thisrota bpoint.le (uses 386 task switching etc), and it probably never will support anything other than AT-harddisks, as that's all I have :-(. -
Audio on Linux: End of a Golden Age?
Audio on Linux: End of a Golden Age? Lars-Peter Clausen – Analog Devices Agenda ● History – Major transitions in software and hardware architecture ● Present – A look at the current situation – Are we in a golden age? ● Future – What major transitions lie ahead of us – How are we going to react to them? Interdependent vs. Modular Interdependent ● No clear boundaries defined between sub- modules ● Different sub-modules are aware of each others internals – Creates dependencies ● Parts can't be upgraded or modified independently of each other Modular ● Partitioning in sub-modules ● Clearly defined functions and interfaces ● Parts can be changed independently of each other – Drop-in replacements ● Constraint by the interface History Humble Beginnings PC Speaker (Beeper) ● Found in all IBM compatible PCs – Present in the first IBM PC 5150 (1981) ● Has only two states – Toggling a specific frequency generates a tone (PWM) ● Magnetic or Piezoelectric plate ● In Linux supported by the input framework Extending Features Soundblaster ● First widespread consumer sound card – Soundblaster 1.0 release in 1989 ● Primarily synthesizer based ● Mono PCM channel ● Became defacto standard for consumer sound cards – Many applications expected a sound blaster interface – Other manufacturers included a Soundblaster compatibility mode in their hardware Audio on Linux Open Sound System (OSS) Open Sound System (OSS) ● Used to be default audio subsystem in v2.4 ● /dev/dsp interface – To playback audio use write() – To capture audio use read() – Some IOCTLs for