Brass and Bronze Standard Casting Alloys Chart of Specifications
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Treatise on Combined Metalworking Techniques: Forged Elements and Chased Raised Shapes Bonnie Gallagher
Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Theses Thesis/Dissertation Collections 1972 Treatise on combined metalworking techniques: forged elements and chased raised shapes Bonnie Gallagher Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses Recommended Citation Gallagher, Bonnie, "Treatise on combined metalworking techniques: forged elements and chased raised shapes" (1972). Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Thesis/Dissertation Collections at RIT Scholar Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of RIT Scholar Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TREATISE ON COMBINED METALWORKING TECHNIQUES i FORGED ELEMENTS AND CHASED RAISED SHAPES TREATISE ON. COMBINED METALWORKING TECHNIQUES t FORGED ELEMENTS AND CHASED RAISED SHAPES BONNIE JEANNE GALLAGHER CANDIDATE FOR THE MASTER OF FINE ARTS IN THE COLLEGE OF FINE AND APPLIED ARTS OF THE ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AUGUST ( 1972 ADVISOR: HANS CHRISTENSEN t " ^ <bV DEDICATION FORM MUST GIVE FORTH THE SPIRIT FORM IS THE MANNER IN WHICH THE SPIRIT IS EXPRESSED ELIEL SAARINAN IN MEMORY OF MY FATHER, WHO LONGED FOR HIS CHILDREN TO HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE THE EDUCATION HE NEVER HAD THE FORTUNE TO OBTAIN. vi PREFACE Although the processes of raising, forging, and chasing of metal have been covered in most technical books, to date there is no major source which deals with the functional and aesthetic requirements -
Cast Stainless Steel Technology Developments
Cast Stainless Steel Technology Developments Raymond Monroe SFSA CN3MN CF8 CD4Cu CB 7 Cu CA 15 Calculation of Chromium Equivalent and Nickel Equivalent CrE = %Cr + 2 × %Si + 1.5 × %Mo + 5 × %V NiE = %Ni + 0.5 × %Mn + 30 × %C + 0.3 × %Cu Ferrite from Chemistry Schoefer Diagram 2.2 2.1 • Chemistry: C=0.07, 2 Mn=0.56, Si=1.30, 1.9 P=0.028, S=0.009, 1.8 o i t 1.7 Cr=19.5, Ni=10.7, a 1.6 on R i t i Mo=2.18 (Cb ~ 0.05 1.5 pos m o and N ~ 0.04) 1.4 C i N / r 1.3 C • ASTM A800 predicts 1.2 10.5 volume percent 1.1 1 ferrite with a range of Cr Cr (%) + 1.5Si (%) + 1.4 Mo (%) + Nb (%) − 4.99 0.9 e = 6.5 to 14.5 (chromium Ni e Ni (%) + 30 C (%) + 0.5Mn (%) + 26 ( N − 0.02 %) + 2.77 0.8 0 10203040506070 equivalent to nickel Volume Percent Ferrite equivalent = 1.19) Means of Calculating Ferrite • Severn Gage: 11 • Feritscope: 7 • Magne-Gage: 2 • Two different instruments: 5 • Manual point count • ASTM A800 • 1949 Schaeffler Diagram • WRC Diagram Unit of measure: • FN: 8 (all 4 of the non- foundry) • Volume percent: 7 • Use both methods: 2 Identification of Phases by Composition FERRITE AUSTENITE Stainless Steels - Strength Grade Yield (ksi) UTS (ksi) CF8 70 30 CF3MN 75 37 4A(2205) 90 60 6A(Zeron 100) 100 65 Stainless Steel - Corrosion Grade Critical pitting temperature oC CF8 5 (calculated) CF3MN 29 (calculated) 4A(2205) 35 - 40 6A(Zeron100) 45 – 55 Pseudo Phase Diagram for 68 % Fe – Cr Ni CCT Diagram - CD3MN 5oC/min 2oC/min 1oC/min 0.5oC/min 0.1oC/min 0.01oC/min 1100 1050 TTT curves 1000 (initial & final) 950 900 850 800 750 700 Temp. -
Repoussé Work for Amateurs
rf Bi oN? ^ ^ iTION av op OCT i 3 f943 2 MAY 8 1933 DEC 3 1938 MAY 6 id i 28 dec j o m? Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Boston Public Library http://www.archive.org/details/repoussworkforamOOhasl GROUP OF LEAVES. Repousse Work for Amateurs. : REPOUSSE WORK FOR AMATEURS: BEING THE ART OF ORNAMENTING THIN METAL WITH RAISED FIGURES. tfjLd*- 6 By L. L. HASLOPE. ILLUSTRATED. LONDON L. UPCOTT GILL, 170, STRAND, W.C, 1887. PRINTED BY A. BRADLEY, 170, STRAND, LONDON. 3W PREFACE. " JjJjtfN these days, when of making books there is no end," ^*^ and every description of work, whether professional or amateur, has a literature of its own, it is strange that scarcely anything should have been written on the fascinating arts of Chasing and Repousse Work. It is true that a few articles have appeared in various periodicals on the subject, but with scarcely an exception they treated only of Working on Wood, and the directions given were generally crude and imperfect. This is the more surprising when we consider how fashionable Repousse Work has become of late years, both here and in America; indeed, in the latter country, "Do you pound brass ? " is said to be a very common question. I have written the following pages in the hope that they might, in some measure, supply a want, and prove of service to my brother amateurs. It has been hinted to me that some of my chapters are rather "advanced;" in other words, that I have gone farther than amateurs are likely to follow me. -
Hercules Jewelry Project
Hercules Knot Jewelry Series I thoroughly enjoyed my wire wrapping jewelry projects, but in the course of researching and building the class, I was inspired to learn real metalsmithing. I’ve been assembling earrings and necklaces for decades, but suddenly I really wanted to solder, and set gems, and fabricate! Fortunately, my good friend Fjorlief InHaga is a brilliant artisan, and she’s been teaching me and letting me use her studio. THE HERCULES KNOT aka HERAKLES, Reef Knot or Square Knot This motif represents strength and came to be associated with marriage. Brides wore their belts tied this way (see my paper on Roman Weddings). It was a common motif in the Greco-Roman world though the Republic and Early – Mid Empire. 1 2 3 Above, gold bracelet and ring from the 1st century BCE – 2nd CE. Silver mirror, 4th century CE. I imagine this would have been a lovely wedding present. Below: Necklaces dated to the 2nd-3rd century, an armband (#6), and rings from 5rd century BCE to 3rd CE . I have included only a small number of the large quantity of eXtant artifacts. Combined with the variations in assembly technique and clasps, the abundance of pieces shows that the Hercules Knot was a style that was widespread and made by many different artisans. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 For my first project, I wanted to duplicate the look of these early Imperial necklaces of emerald and gold. For cost purposes, I used brass and glass, which was a commonly-used substitute for stones in period. -
Weights of Various Metals in Pounds Per *Cubic Foot
Weights of Various Metals in Pounds Per *Cubic Foot Aluminum 168.48 Copper 559.87 Manganese 463.10 Silver 654.91 Antimony 419.99 Gold 1206.83 Mercury 849.00 Stainless Steel (18-8) 494.21 Beryllium 113.70 Gun Metal (Aver.) 544.00 Molybdenum 637.63 Steel, Cast/Rolled 490.00 Bismuth 611.00 Iridium 1396.00 Monel Metal 556.00 Tin 455.67 Brass (Approx.) 535.68 Iron 491.09 Nickel 555.72 Titanium 283.39 Bronze, Alum. 481.00 Iron, Cast Grey 442.00 Osmium 1402.00 Tungsten 1204.41 Bronze (Approx.) 541.00 Iron, Wrought 480.00 Palladium 712.00 Vanadium 374.97 Cadmium 540.86 Iron, Slag 172.00 Platinum 1339.20 Zinc 445.30 Chromium 428.00 Lead 707.96 Rhodium 755.00 *1728 CU. IN. PER CU. FT. Cobalt 552.96 Magnesium 108.51 Ruthenium 765.00 Weights of Other Materials in Pounds Per *Cubic Foot Acids, Muriatic, 40% 75.00 Earth, Common Loam 75.00-90.00 Maple, Hard 43.00 Rubber, Goods 94.00 Acids, Nitric, 91% 94.00 Earth, Dry/Loose 76.00 Maple, White 33.00 Sand, Clay & Earth, Dry 100.00 Acids, Sulphuric, 87% 112.00 Earth, Dry/Packed 95.00 Marble 170.00 Sand, Clay & Earth, Wet 120.00 Alcohol, 100% 49.00 Earth, Mud/Packed 115.00 Masonry, Rubble 130.00-150.00 Sand, Pure Quartz, Dry90.00-106.00 Asbestos 153.00 Elm, White 45.00 Masonry, Ashlar 140.00-160.00 Sandstone, Blustone 147.00 Ash, White, Red 40.00 Fats 58.00 Mortar 100.00 Slate 175.00 Asphaltum 81.00 Fir, Douglas 30.00 Mud, River 90.00 Snow, Freshly Fallen 10.00 Basalt 184.00 Fir, Eastern 25.00 Oil, Kerosene 52.00 Snow, Wet 50.00 Brick, Paving 150.00 Flour, Loose 28.00 Oil, Mineral 57.00 Soap Stone, Tall 169.00 Brick, Com. -
VA Form 40-1330, Claim for Standard Government Headstone Or Marker
GENERAL INFORMATION SHEET CLAIM FOR STANDARD GOVERNMENT HEADSTONE OR MARKER RESPONDENT BURDEN - Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 15 minutes per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. VA cannot conduct or sponsor a collection of information unless it has a valid OMB number. Your response (per OMB guidance) is voluntary, however, your response is required to obtain benefits. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to the VA Clearance Officer (005R1B), 810 Vermont Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20420. Please DO NOT send claims for benefits to this address. PRIVACY ACT - VA considers the responses you submit confidential (38 U.S.C. 5701). VA may only disclose this information outside the VA if the disclosure is authorized under the Privacy Act, including the routine uses identified in the VA system of records, 48VA40B, published in the Federal Register. VA considers the requested information relevant and necessary to determine maximum benefits under the law. BENEFIT PROVIDED a. BURIAL HEADSTONE OR MARKER Only for Veterans who died on or after November 1, 1990 - Furnished for the grave of any eligible deceased Veteran and provided for placement in private and local government cemeteries regardless of whether or not the grave is marked with a privately-purchased headstone or marker. Only for Veterans who died before November 1, 1990 - Furnished for the UNMARKED GRAVE of any eligible deceased Veteran. -
American Bronze Co., Chicago
/American j^ronze C^- 41 Vai| pUreii S^ree^, - cHICAGO, ILLS- Co.i Detroit. ite arid <r\ntique t^ponze JVlonumer|tal Wopk.. Salesroom: ART FOUNDRY. II CHICAGO. H. N. HIBBARD, Pres't. PAUL CORNELL, Vice-Pres't, JAS, STEWART, Treas, R J, HAIGHT, Sec'y, THE HEMRT FRAXCIS du POJ^ WIXrERTHUR MUSEUM LIBRARIES Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Lyrasis IVIembers and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/whiteantiquebronOOamer Tillr rr|ore prominent cemeteries in this country are noW arranged or) what is l<;noWn as the LfavVn I'lan, which gives the grounds a park-like appearaqce, n]ore in harmony With the impulse of our natures to make tl^ese lastresting places beautiful; in striking contrast to the gloomy burying places of olden times. pences, hedges, curbiqg aqd enclosures of all kinds are prol]ibited and tl^e money formerly expended for such fittings is invested in a central monu- ment, theicby enabling the lot oWner to purchase a better niemorial tl]an could otherwise haVe been afforded. (Corner posts are barely Visible aboVe the surface of the ground, and markers at the head of graVes are allowed ' only a feW inches higher, thus preserving the beautiful landscape effect. JViaiiy of tl]e n"ionum|ents novV being erected, and several that are illustrated in this pamphlet, bear feW, if aiw, fcmiily records, thus illustrating the growing desire to provide a fan]ily resting place and an enduring n-jonu- rqent. Without deferring it until there Fjos been a death in the family, as has been the custom in tlie past. -
Piece Mold, Lost Wax & Composite Casting Techniques of The
Piece Mold, Lost Wax & Composite Casting Techniques of the Chinese Bronze Age Behzad Bavarian and Lisa Reiner Dept. of MSEM College of Engineering and Computer Science September 2006 Table of Contents Abstract Approximate timeline 1 Introduction 2 Bronze Transition from Clay 4 Elemental Analysis of Bronze Alloys 4 Melting Temperature 7 Casting Methods 8 Casting Molds 14 Casting Flaws 21 Lost Wax Method 25 Sanxingdui 28 Environmental Effects on Surface Appearance 32 Conclusion 35 References 36 China can claim a history rich in over 5,000 years of artistic, philosophical and political advancement. As well, it is birthplace to one of the world's oldest and most complex civilizations. By 1100 BC, a high level of artistic and technical skill in bronze casting had been achieved by the Chinese. Bronze artifacts initially were copies of clay objects, but soon evolved into shapes invoking bronze material characteristics. Essentially, the bronze alloys represented in the copper-tin-lead ternary diagram are not easily hot or cold worked and are difficult to shape by hammering, the most common techniques used by the ancient Europeans and Middle Easterners. This did not deter the Chinese, however, for they had demonstrated technical proficiency with hard, thin walled ceramics by the end of the Neolithic period and were able to use these skills to develop a most unusual casting method called the piece mold process. Advances in ceramic technology played an influential role in the progress of Chinese bronze casting where the piece mold process was more of a technological extension than a distinct innovation. Certainly, the long and specialized experience in handling clay was required to form the delicate inscriptions, to properly fit the molds together and to prevent them from cracking during the pour. -
Sculptors' Jewellery Offers an Experience of Sculpture at Quite the Opposite End of the Scale
SCULPTORS’ JEWELLERY PANGOLIN LONDON FOREWORD The gift of a piece of jewellery seems to have taken a special role in human ritual since Man’s earliest existence. In the most ancient of tombs, archaeologists invariably excavate metal or stone objects which seem to have been designed to be worn on the body. Despite the tiny scale of these precious objects, their ubiquity in all cultures would indicate that jewellery has always held great significance.Gold, silver, bronze, precious stone, ceramic and natural objects have been fashioned for millennia to decorate, embellish and adorn the human body. Jewellery has been worn as a signifier of prowess, status and wealth as well as a symbol of belonging or allegiance. Perhaps its most enduring function is as a token of love and it is mostly in this vein that a sculptor’s jewellery is made: a symbol of affection for a spouse, loved one or close friend. Over a period of several years, through trying my own hand at making rings, I have become aware of and fascinated by the jewellery of sculptors. This in turn has opened my eyes to the huge diversity of what are in effect, wearable, miniature sculptures. The materials used are generally precious in nature and the intimacy of being worn on the body marries well with the miniaturisation of form. For this exhibition Pangolin London has been fortunate in being able to collate a very special selection of works, ranging from the historical to the contemporary. To complement this, we have also actively commissioned a series of exciting new pieces from a broad spectrum of artists working today. -
Tremglaze® Silicones Color Card
TREMGLAZE® SILICONES COLOR CARD TREMGLAZE S500+ Stock Special CLEAR WHITE ANDERSEN WHITE TREMGLAZE S600 Stock CLEAR WHITE BLUE WHITE BLACK Special FRENCH VANILLA ALMOND INLINE ALMOND CLAY CLAYSTONE SABLE BRONZE INLINE BROWNSTONE DARK BROWN TG DARK BROWN CHESTNUT BROWN LIFESTYLE HICKORY SANDALWOOD SANDSTONE ANODIZED ALUMINUM SMOKE INLINE SLATE TREMGLAZE S700 Stock Special WHITE BLACK TREMGLAZE S900 Stock CLEAR TREMGLAZE® SILICONES COLOR CARD TREMGLAZE S1400 Stock CLEAR WHITE ARCTIC WHITE ANODIZED ALUMINUM SANDSTONE ANDERSEN SANDSTONE ANDERSEN TERRATONE ALMOND TG BEIGE IVORY PEARL GRAY CLAY SPECIAL BEIGE CHOCOLATE BROWN BRONZE BLACK TG DARK BROWN Special POLAR WHITE ANDERSEN WHITE BLUE WHITE FRENCH VANILLA ANDERSEN CANVAS CANVAS LIGHT WOOD GRAIN BUFF DARK WOOD GRAIN CHERRY RES. SANDALWOOD JW SANDALWOOD SABLE CLAYSTONE LIMESTONE SMOKE ALUMINUM STONE CHESTNUT BROWN GREEN Special colors are available upon request. Minimum order requirements exist for special colors. All colors shown are approximate and may not reflect sheen or shade precisely, as varying amounts of aggregate will alter light-reflecting properties. Tremco always recommends a test patch to gain final color approval. TREMGLAZE® URETHANE & HYBRIDS COLOR CARD TREMGLAZE U1500 Stock WHITE DARK BRONZE TREMGLAZE U1600 Stock WHITE ANDERSEN WHITE ANDERSEN CANVAS BEIGE TG BEIGE ALMOND SANDSTONE ANDERSEN SANDSTONE ANDERSEN TERRATONE BRONZE BLACK Special MODERN WHITE POLAR WHITE IVORY WICKER ROYAL CLAY HARVARD SLATE PEARL GREY ANODIZED ALUMINUM LINEN GRAY CHARCOAL ROYAL BEIGE CREAM/IVORY -
Copper Alloys
THE COPPER ADVANTAGE A Guide to Working With Copper and Copper Alloys www.antimicrobialcopper.com CONTENTS I. Introduction ............................. 3 PREFACE Conductivity .....................................4 Strength ..........................................4 The information in this guide includes an overview of the well- Formability ......................................4 known physical, mechanical and chemical properties of copper, Joining ...........................................4 as well as more recent scientific findings that show copper has Corrosion ........................................4 an intrinsic antimicrobial property. Working and finishing Copper is Antimicrobial ....................... 4 techniques, alloy families, coloration and other attributes are addressed, illustrating that copper and its alloys are so Color ..............................................5 adaptable that they can be used in a multitude of applications Copper Alloy Families .......................... 5 in almost every industry, from door handles to electrical circuitry to heat exchangers. II. Physical Properties ..................... 8 Copper’s malleability, machinability and conductivity have Properties ....................................... 8 made it a longtime favorite metal of manufacturers and Electrical & Thermal Conductivity ........... 8 engineers, but it is its antimicrobial property that will extend that popularity into the future. This guide describes that property and illustrates how it can benefit everything from III. Mechanical -
The Lost-Wax Casting Process—Down to Basics by Eddie Bell, Founder, Santa Fe Symposium
The Lost-Wax Casting Process—Down To Basics By Eddie Bell, Founder, Santa Fe Symposium. Lost-wax casting is a ancient technique that is used today in essentially the same manner as it was first used more than 5,000 years ago. As they say, there's no messing with success. Today, of course, technology has vastly expanded the technique and produced powerful equipment that makes the process faster, easier and more productive than ever, but the basic steps remain the same. The steps below represent a simple overview and are intended to provide a beginning understanding of the casting process. Concept This is obviously where the design is initally conceived, discussed,evolved, and captured on paper—or on computer; CAD (computer aided design) software is increasingly popular among designers. You create the design you envision using the computer tool and the software creates a file that can be uploaded into a CNC mill or 3D printer. Model Build a model, either by hand-carving, guided by the paper rendering, or by uploading the CAD file into a computer controlled milling machine or a 3D printing machine. Models are made using carving wax, resin or similar material. This process can also be done in metal by a goldsmith or silversmith. Note: If a 3D printer or other rapid prototyping equipment is used, it is possible to skip the molding and wax-injection steps by using one of the resins that are specially made to go directly to the treeing process. Molding Create a mold from your master model, placing it in one of a variety of rubber or silicone materials, curing the material, then removing the model from the finished mold.