Jap. J. M. Sc. & Biol., 14, 147-156, 1961

A REVISED LIST OF THE JAPANESE COCKROACHES OF SANITARY IMPORTANCE (INSECTA, BLATTARIA)

SYOZIRO ASAHINA Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Health, Tokyo

(Received : May 12th, 1961)

In my tentative check-list (1955) I listed 27 species of the cockroaches recorded from the post-war territory of Japan. There were, however, included a number of misiden- tified or out-of-date names which require an urgent amendment from the view-point of sanitary pest-control work in this country.I

n this paper nine species including two new additions to Japanese cockroaches as

recognized to be public health pests were enumerated together with comments regarding

erroneously recorded non-Japanese species.

AcknoƒÖledgement: For the material of the cockroaches I owe very much to my colleagues of various institutions and to other entomologists in this country to whom I express my cordial gratitude. My thanks are also due to Dr. K. Princis, Lund University, for his kind guidance in Blattarian taxonomy.

1. Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnð¥)

Leucophaea surinamensis Asahina, 1955, p. 200

In our faunal limit this species has been known to occur in the Ryukyus and the

Ogasawara Islands (Bonin Islands), but is, in recent years, likely to be extending its

range into northern areas.

1 larva Unagi-ike, Kagoshima Pref., 21. X. 1955, leg. Hasegawa 1 •¬ Nishino-omote, Tanegashima, 2. VI. 1960, leg. S. Asahina

1 larva Miyanoura, Yakushima, 2. V. 1954, leg. Y. Kurosawa 1 •¬ 2 •Š larva Naze, Amami-oshima, 31. VII. 1958, leg. S. Ueno

1 •¬ Koniya, Amami-oshima, 11. VII. 1956, coll. I. I. D.* 1 •Š 3 larvae Shinmura, Amami-oshima, 30. III, 3. IV, 18, 19, IV. 1954, leg. R. Ishikawa

3 •¬ Shinmura, Amami-oshima, 8. VII. 1959, leg. S. Asahina

1 •¬ Okinawa, 17. V. 1952, coll. N. I. A. S.**

5 •¬ 2 •¬ Ishigaki-jima, 24-30. IV. 1955, leg. R. Kano 1 •Š Ogasawara, "459 ", " Kuwana ", coll. N. I. A. S.

2 larvae Chichijima, Ogasawara, 24. VI. -4. VII. 1932, leg. E. Asahina 1 •Š Ogasawara, VIII. 1930.

* The Institute for Infectious Diseases , Tokyo University. ** National Institute for Agricultural Sciences , Tokyo. 朝 比 奈 正 二 郎(国 立 予 防 衛 生 研 究 所 衛 生 昆 虫 部)

147 148 ASAHINA Vol. 14

2. Nauphoeta cinerea Olivier

This is a pest in tropical areas but has not been recorded from Japanese islands . Recently the following two specimens were brought to our laboratory although there is

no report of its establishment.

1 •Š Naha, Okinawa, 5. VIII. 1936, coll. T. Okutani

1 •Š Kobe, taken in a British boat, Fultra, 31. X. 1953, leg. M. Hitomi

3. Periplaneta americana Linnð¥

Periplaneta americana Asahina, 1955, p. 201

This seems to be established in the houses in the Ryukyu Islands, the Bonin Islands

and Kyushu, the northern extreme reaching Wakayama Prefecture, near Osaka . My material at hand came from the following localities.

1 •Š Yasaki, Shirahama, Wakayama Pref., 15. VII. 1955, leg. S. Ueno 1 larva Shimohirokawa, Fukuoka Pref., 19. V. 1954, leg. Y. Miyake•¬•¬ •Š•Š

Takashima, Nagasaki, leg. K. Ogata•¬•¬ •Š•Š

Hashima, Nagasaki, leg. K. Ogata 1 larva Ibusuki, Kagoshima Pref., 24. III. 1938, leg. S. Iziri, coll. N. S. M. *

1 •Š Nishino-omote, Tanegashima, 26. V. 1960, leg. S. Asahina 1 •¬ Ambo, Yakushima, 7. VII. 1952, leg. Y. Kurosawa

1 •¬ 1 •Š Yakushima, 17. VI. 1954, leg. Y. Kurosawa 1 larva Takarajima, Tokara Islands, 25. V. -2. VI. 1953, leg. H. Kono, coll. O. M. M. **

1•¬ China, Okino-erabu, Ryukyu, 31. VIII. 1958, leg. S. Ueno 1 •¬ 2 •Š Ishigakijima, 24. VI. 1955, leg. R. Kano

1 •Š Chichijima, Ogasawara, 23. VI. 1932, leg. E. Asahina 2 •Š Chichijima, Ogasawara, VII. coll. N. I. A. S.

This species seems to be rapidly enlarging the northward range being already abundant in the coal mines and adjacent houses near Nagasaki. For discrimination from

P. brunnea refer to the note of the latter species.

4. Periplaneta australasiae Fabricius

Periplaneta australasiae Asahina, 1955, p. 201

Another tropical pest invading northwards but apparently more susceptible to cold than the previous species. Our specimens at hand are as follows.

1 larva Takara-jima, Tokara Islands, 25. V. -2. VI. 1953, leg. H. Kono, coll. O. M. M.

1 •Š Nakanoshima, Tokara Islands, 3-13. VI. 1953, leg. H. Kono, coll . O. M. M. 1 •¬ 1 •Š Naze, Amami-oshima, 31. VII. 1958, leg. S. Ueno

1 larva Sumiyo, Amami-oshima, 5. IV. 1954, leg. S. Takagi (coll. Hokkaido Univ. ) 1 •Š Shinmura, Amami-oshima, 28. III. 1954, leg. R. Ishikawa

1 •¬ Shinmura, Amami-oshima, 8. VII. 1959, leg. S. Asahina

1 •¬ Koniya, Amami-oshima, 11. VII. 1956, coll. I. I. D.

1 •¬ Naha, Okinawa, 17. V. 1931, leg. S. Asahina 1 •¬ 2 larvae Haneji, Okinawa, 9-12. V. 1931, leg. S. Asahina 1 •Š 2 larvae Ishigaki-jima, 30. VII. 1955, leg. R. Kano

* National Science Museum , Tokyo. * * Osaka Municipal Museum . 1961 JAPANESE COCKROACHES 149

3 •¬ 4 •Š Ogasawara-jima, 1931, coll. N. I. A. S.

2 larvae Hahajima, Ogasawara, 30. VI. 1931, leg. E. Asahina

Though once encountered in a hospital in Fukuoka, North Kyushu, the northernmost

record is Takara-jima, Tokara Islands.

5. Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister

Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister, Handb. Ent., 2, part 1, p. 503, 1838

(•¬ •Š: Chile ; Demerara (= British Guinea) ) Syn.: Periplaneta truncata Krauss, Zool. Anz., 15, p. 165 " Teneriff ; Brazil ; New Britain"

Periplaneta patens Walker, Cat. Blatt. Brit. Mus. p. 127, 1868 "Congo"

Periplaneta concolor Walker, Cat. Blatt. Brit. Mus., p. 135, 1868

This is one of the household pests in the tropical areas of the world, but in our faunal limit had not definitely been recognized until last year when the present author found several specimens in Tanegashima Island, south of Kyushu. Recently Prof. R. Kano, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, has brought alive specimens from Misaki district, Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku. The following specimens are now preserved in our collection.

4 •¬ Misaki, Seto-machi, Ehime Pref., Shikoku, VII. 1960, leg. R. Kano

1 •Š Noma, Tanegashima, 29. V. 1960, leg. S. Asahina 2 •¬ 2 •Š Kogome, China-cho, Okino-erabu-jima, 1. VIII. 1958, leg. S. Ueno

1 •¬ 1 •Š Ambo, Yakushima, 15. VII. 1950, leg. T. Shirozu

1 •¬ Ambo, Yakushima, 7. VII. 1952, leg. Y. Kurosawa 1 •Š Shinmura, Amami-oshima, 8. VII. 1959, leg. S. Asahina

1 •Š Chichijima, Ogasawara, 23. VI. 1932, leg. E. Asahina 1 •¬ Motoike, Chichijima, Ogasawara, 1931, coll. N. I. A. S.

1 •Š Ogasawara, coll. N. I. A. S.

The distribution of this species covers the tropical areas of the world : South America (Chile, British Guiana, French Guiana, Trinidad, Brazil, etc. ), Africa (Congo, etc. ), Malaysia (Sumatra, Java, etc. ), Tenerife, New Britain, Burma, South China (Fukien, Yunnan), etc. The adult insects are sometimes distinguished from P. americana with difficulty, especially when the specimens of the latter species became greased. The following points may be of use to separate them :

americana brunnea

•¬ Cercus longer and sharply attenuated; Cercus normally attenuated ; supra-anal supra-anal plate longer than the plate shorter than the subgenital subgenital plate and developed into a plate. remarkable emarginated roof.•Š

Supra-anal plate longer and broadly Supra-anal plate shorter and narrowly

divided into two distinct lobes. notched with blunt apices.

6. Periplaneta fuliginosa Serville Periplaneta fuliginosa Asahina, 1955, p. 202; P. picea Asahina, 1955, p. 201; P. enargi- nata Asahina, 1955, p. 202. 150 ASAHINA Vol. 14

Syn.: Periplaneta picea Shiraki, 1906, p. 26 Periplaneta emarginata Karny, 1908, p. 19 (according to Princis, 1951) Periplaneta filchnerae Karny, 1908, p. 19 (according to Princis, 1957)

This is a most important domestic pest in the warmer areas of Japan, but the specific name has long been left in a chaotic condition. " P eriplaneta picea Shiraki, 1906" was a homonym with Periplaneta picea Brun- ner v. Wattenvyl, 1858 (=Neostylopyga picea) as already pointed out by Furukawa (1938). Furukawa (1930; 1938, p. 548) also found that the North American P. fuligi- nosa Serville, described in 1839 from Florida, is the same with Japanese species, hence this name should be applied to Japanese representatives. The same fact was repeatedly recognized by Princis (1951), and this author (1951, p. 24) further found that P. emarginata from Japan described by Karny (1908, p. 19) as well as P. filchnerae Karny (1908, p. 18, 19) are also the same species (Princis, 1957, p. 155). I have compared Japanese specimens with American ones which were sent through the kindness of Dr. Hubbell, Ann Arbor, Michigan, and reached the same conclusion. The reason why this species inhabits the very remote area of the world will need further consideration. The following is the known localities in our faunal limit, but this species seems ranidly extending its range toward north, in particular. after the War II.

1 •Š Tokawa-mura, Aomori Pref., 29. IX. 1948, coll. N. I. A. S.

1 •Š Matsumoto, Nagano Pref., V. 1954, leg. S. Fujisawa 1 •¬ 1 •Š Ichikawa, Chiba Pref., IX. 1954

1 larva Obiki-kaigan, Chiba Pref., 24. X. 1947, coll. N. I. A. S.

1 larva Ueno, Tokyo, 18. VI. 1938, leg. H. Uchida 3 •¬ Den-en-chofu, Tokyo, 14. IX. 1955

1 larva Isehara, Kanagawa Pref., 29. XI. 1928 1 •Š Myorenji, Yokohama, 18. X. 1954, leg. T. Ishihara

1 •¬ Oiso, Kanagawa Pref., 6. V. 1941, coll. N. I. A. S. 1 larva Mishima, 8. III. 1930, leg. S. Asahina, (under tree-bark)

1 •¬ Mishima, 13. VIII. 1951, leg. S. Asahina 1 •¬ Yui, Shizuoka Pref., X. 1958

1 •¬ Sasayama, Hyogo Pref., 4. XI. 1952, leg. K. Iwata

1 •¬ Himeji, 17. VIII. 1948, coll. N. I. A. S. 1 larva Aga-cho, Kure, 8. XII. 1954, leg. J. Sawano

1 •¬ Ishima, Tokushima, 4. VII. 1955, leg. M. Hirai

1 •¬ 1 •Š 1 larva Okawa-machi, Fukuoka Pref., 20. VIII-9. IX., coll. N. I. A. S. 1 •¬ Yamato-mura, Fukuoka .Pref., coll. N. I. A. S.

1 •¬ Kagoshima, VII. 1950, leg. S. Asahina 2 •¬ 4 •Š l larva Ibusuki, Kagoshima Pref., 15. X. 1955, leg. S. Asahina

2 •¬ Shimo-koshiki-jima, 14. VII. 1935, leg. K. Nomura 2 •¬ 1 •Š Nishino-omote, Tanegashima, 1-2. VI. 1960, leg. S. Asahina

1 •¬ Ambo, Yakushima, 15. VII. 1950, leg. T. Shirozu 1 •¬ Kosugidani, Yakushima, 22. VII. 1950, leg. T. Shirozu

3 •¬ Yakushima, VII. 1952, leg. Y. Kurosawa

1 •Š Shinmura, Amami-oshima, 7. IV. 1954, leg. R. Ishikawa

1 •Š Miyakejima, 22. VIII. 1951, leg. Y. Kurosawa 1 •Š Hachijo-jima, X. 1940, coll. N. I. A. S.

3 •Š 1 larva Aogashima, 4. XI. 1954

1 •Š Ogasawara-jima, 26. VIII. 1918, coll. N. I. A. S. 1961 JAPANESE COCKROACHES 151

There is no record of this species from southern Ryukyu Islands,but is known from Formosa under the name " picea Shiraki " (Karny, 1915; Shiraki, 1931). Bey-Bienko (1954) recorded "P. emarginata " from Fukien, and "P. .fuliginosa " from Szchuan and Yunnan (Bey-Bienko, 1957). Princis (1951) recorded a specimen from Shanghai, China, and Mr. Romer, Urban Office, Hongkong, kindly showed me a specimen which was taken by him at Hongkong. Princis (1951) recorded this species from South America and Nikobar.

7. Periplaneta japonica Karny Periplaneta japonica Asahina, 1955, p. 202 This seems certainly to be a native Japanese species and has been known to occur as domestic pest in the northern area of Honshu. The name, P, japonica Karny, has been overlooked until 1931, and before then, this must have been misidentified as "Bl atta concinna " or " Blatta orientalis " by Japanese authors. The female is con- sistently brachypterous. The following specimens have been examined by me.

1 •¬ Yamagata-city, 11. V. 1955, leg. H. Hasegawa 1 •¬ Kurokawa, Niigata Pref., 13. VI. 1954, leg. K. Baba

1 larva Aikawa, Sado, 24. VIII. 1946, coll. N. I. A. S.

2 •¬ Sado, 13. V. 1954 1 •¬ Sendai, 4. VIII. 1941, coll. N. I. A. S.

1 •Š Aizu-wakamatsu, V. 1954, leg. M. Kohno 1 •¬ Yubiso, Gumma Pref., 9. VI. 1951, leg. S. Asahina

1 •¬ Nankitsu-mura, Gumma Pref., 28. VI. 1933, coll. N. S. M.

3 •¬ Maebashi, 27. VI. 1954, leg. Kogure 1 larva Makubari, Chiba Pref., 28. V. 1954, leg. Kogure

10 •¬ 2 •Š Matsumoto, V. 1954, leg. S. Fujisawa

1 •¬ 2 •Š Hachioji, Tokyo, 14. VI. 1954, leg. Y. Inoue

1 •Š Ueno, Tokyo, 16. VI. 1937, coll. N. S. M.

1 •¬ Hibiya, Tokyo, 6. VI. 1954, coll. N. I. A. S. 1 •¬ Shimura, Tokyo, 19. V. 1949, coll. N. I. A. S.

1 •¬ Totsuka, Tokyo, VI. 1934, leg. S. Asahina

5 •¬ 4 •Š Totsuka, Tokyo. 4. VI. 1956, leg. S. Asahina 1 larva Shakujii, Tokyo, 24. X. 1948, coll. N. I. A. S.

1 •Š Urawa, Saitama Pref., 4 VI. 1937, coll. N. I. A. S. 1 •¬ Isehara, Kanagawa Pref., 19. V. 1955

1 •¬ Kitashirakawa, Kyoto, 10. VI. 1955, leg. S. Ueno

1 •¬ Sasayama, Hyogo Pref., 24. VI. 1953, leg. K. Iwata 1 •Š Sasayama, Hyogo Pref., VIII. 1952, leg. A. Nagatomi

1 •Š Imafuku, Osaka, 13. IX. 1957, leg. Fujita, coll. O. M. M.

8. Neostylopyga rhombifolia (Stoll)

Stylopyga rhombifolia Asahina, 1955, p. 203

Exclusively known from the Ryukyu Islands, the following specimens were examined.

1 •Š Koniya, Amami-oshima, 11. VII. 1956, coll. I. I. D. 1 •Š Naha, Okinawa, 3. VI. 1954, leg. R. Kano 1 •¬ Haneji, Okinawa, 8. V. 1931, leg. S. Asahina 152 ASAHINA Vol. 14

9. Blattella germanica (Linnð¥)

Blattella germaniea Asahina, 1955, p. 204

It is not clear when this species first invaded into Japan, but this is nowadays a com- mon house-hold pest in the houses of cities, particularly in western-type buildings. It extends up to Hokkaido (Sapporo), but records are, still rather scarce from southwestern part of Japan. Aberrant individuals which lack, in the majority of the population, the paired black markings in the pronotum were found in Tokyo.

In the Pacific coast of Japan as far north as Chiba Prefecture and in Shikoku and

Kyusyu, there are found, in the wild condition, an extremely allied species, of which the scientific name is still uncertain.

SPECIES DELENDAE

1. Blatta orientalis Linnð¥

Blatta orientalis Asahina, 1955, p. 203

This well-known house-hold pest has been recorded, as occurring in Japan, by Japa- nese authors, but I have neither seen any specimen actually taken in this country nor have ascertained any definite established case.

There is a possibility that the previous records of this species from Japan are due to misidentification of the female insects of P. japonica.

2. Hebardina concinna (De Hann) Blatta concinna Asahina, 1955, p. 202 Despite the records of Japanese authors this south Asiatic species has never been found in Japan. The records are most probably, due to misidentification of P. japonica. Hebardina concinna should, consequently, be dropped off from the list of indigenous Japanese cockroaches.

REFERENCES

ASAHINA, S. (1955) : A tentative list of Japanese cockroaches (Blattaria). Jap. J. M. Sc. & Biol., 8, 199-205.

ASAHINA, S. (1960) : Japanese cockroaches as house-hold pest. Jap. J. Sanit. Zool., 11, 188-190

(text in Japanese).

BEY-BIENKO, G. J. (1954) : Studies on the Blattoidea of northeastern China. Trud. Zool. Inst . Akad. Nauk, CCCP, 15, 5-26 (text in Russian).

BEY-BIENKO, G. J. (1957) : The result of the Chinese-Soviet Zoologico-Botanical Expedition to

southwestern China, 1955-1956, Blattoidea of Szchuan and Yunnan, 1. Rev. d'Ent. de l'URSS,

36, 895-915. FURUKAWA, H. (1930) : Note on a small collection of American Orthoptera. Kontyu , 4, 56-58 (text in Japanese).

FURUKAWA, H. (1938) : Orthoptera of Miyakejima, Izu. Annot. Zool. Jap., 17, 548-562.

KARNY, H. (1908) : Blattaeformia, Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Expedition Filchner nach China and Tibet, 1903-1905, X. Band, 1 Teil, 1 Abschnitt : Zoologische Sammlungen , pp. 14-22, Tafel 1, Figs. 1-4, Tafelerklð rung, pp. 54-55.

PRINCIS, K. 1951) : Neue and wenig bekannte Blattarien aus dem Zoologischen Museum , 1961 JAPANESE COCKROACHES 153

Kopenhagen. Spolia Zool. Mus. Hauniensis, 12, 1-72, 6 pls. PRINCIS, K. (1957) : Revision der Walkerischen Blattarientypen in British Museum of Natural History, London. Opuscula Ent., 22, 87-116. SHELFORD, R. (1910) : Orthoptera, Blattidae, Blattinae (Periplaneia). Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 109, 1-27, 2 pls. SHIRAKI, T. (1906) : Die Blattiden Japans. Annot. Zool. Jap., 6, 17-35, 1 pl. SHIRAKI, T. (1941) : Orthoptera of the Japanese Empire, II. (Blattidae) . Insecta Matsum., 5, 171-209.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES

Plate 1

1.Pycnoscelus surinumensis オ ガ サ ワ ラ ゴ キ ブ リ 〓 Amami-oshima 2.〃 〃 〃 ♀ 〃

3.Nauphoeta cinerea ハ イ イ ロ ゴ キ ブ リ ♀ Okinawa

4.Neostylopyga rhombifolia イ エ ゴ キ ブ リ ♀ Okinawa 5.Periplaneta americana ワ モ ン ゴ キ ブ リ 〓 Okino-erabu-jima

6.〃 〃 〃 ♀ Shirahama 7.Periplaneta australasiae コ ワ モ ン ゴ キ ブ リ 〓 Amami-oshima

8.〃 〃 〃 ♀ Nakanoshima

Plate2 9.Periplaneta brunnea ト ビ イ ロ ゴ キ ブ リ 〓 Tanegashima

10.〃 〃 〃 ♀ 〃

11.Periplaneta fuliginosa ク ロ ゴ キ ブ リ 〓 Tokyo 12.〃 〃 〃 ♀ 〃

13.Periplaneta japonica ヤ マ ト ゴ キ ブ リ 〓 〃 14.〃 〃 〃 ♀ 〃

Pluto3 15.Blattella germanica チ ヤ バ ネ ゴ キ ブ リ 〓 Tokyo

16.〃 〃 〃 ♀ 〃 17.〃 〃 (unmaculated specimen)魚 紋 型 〓 〃

18.〃 〃 (〃 〃) 〃 ♀ 〃 19.Blattella sp. モ リ チ ヤ バ ネ ゴ キ ブ リ 〓 Tanegashima

20.〃 〃 〃 ♀ 〃

21.Blattella lituricollis ヒ メ チ ヤ バ ネ ゴ キ ブ リ 〓 〃 22. 〃 〃 〃 ♀ 〃 154 ASAHINA Vol. 14 1961 JAPANESE COCKROACHES 155 156 ASAHINA Vol. 14