Y.E.A.H. - Young Europeans Active and Healthy July 19 - August 3, 1952

The Coldest Summer

The 1952 Summer Olympics ( Finnish: Kesäolympialaiset 1952 ; Swedish : Olympiska sommarspelen 1952 ), officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad, were held in Helsinki , . Helsinki had been earlier selected to host the 1940 Summer Olympics , which were cancelled due to World War II . It is the northernmost city at which a have been held. These were the first games to be held in a non- Indo-European language speaking country. It was also the Olympic Games at which the most number of world records were broken until surpassed by the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing . The , the People's with the Republic of China , Indonesia , Israel , Thailand , and Saarland made their Olympic debuts in Helsinki 1952. Helsinki was chosen as the host city over bids from Amsterdam and five American cities at the 40th IOC Session on June 21, 1947, in , Sweden . Minneapolis and Los Angeles finished tied for second in the final voting. The other cities-can- didates were: Detroit, Chicago, Philadelphia, Athens, and Stockholm.

Based on www.wikipedia.org

www.yeah.edu.pl *Field hockey (1 event)

*Football (1 event)

*Gymnastics (15 events) *Modern pentathlon (2 events) *Rowing (7 events)

*Sailing (5 events)

*Shooting (7 events)

*Weightlifting (7 events)

*Wrestling:

Freestyle (8 events)

Greco-Roman (8 events)

DEMONSTRATION SPORTS: SPORTS *Handball *Pesäpallo (Finnish variant of baseball) 149 events in 17 sports

*Aquatics:

Diving (4 events)

Swimming (11 events)

Water polo (1 event)

*Athletics (33 events)

*Basketball (1 event)

*Boxing (10 event)

*Canoeing (9 event)

*Cycling:

Road (2 events)

Track (4 events)

*Equestrian:

Dressage (2 events) Viktor Chukarin (Soviet Union)

Eventing (2 events) Four gold medals and two silvers in gymnastics

Show jumping (2 events)

*Fencing (7 events) Venues

HIGHLIGHTS • For the first time, a team from the Soviet Union participated in the Olympics. • Israel made its Olympic debut. The Jewish state had been unable to participate in the 1948 Games because of its War of Independence . • The newly established People's Republic of China (PRC) participated in the Olympics for the first time, although only one swimmer ( Wu Chuanyu ) of its 40-member delegation arrived in time to take part in the official competition. The PRC would not return to the Summer Olympics until Los Angeles 1984 . • The Republic of China (Taiwan) withdrew from the Games on July 20, in protest of the IOC decision to allow athletes from the People's Republic of China to compete. • The Olympic Flame was lit by two Finnish heroes, runners Paavo Nurmi and . Nurmi first lit the cauldron inside the stadium, and later the flame was relayed to the stadium tower where Kolehmainen lit it. Only the flame in the tower was burning throughout the Olympics. • Soviet Union 's loss to political rival Yugoslavia hit Soviet football hard, and after just three games played in the season, CDKA , who had made up most of the USSR squad, was forced to withdraw from the league and later disbanded. Furthermore, Boris Arkadiev , who coached both USSR and CDKA, was stripped of his Merited Master of Sports of the USSR title. • 's won the football tournament, beating Yugoslavia 2–0 in the final. • Rules in equestrianism now allowed non-military officers to compete, including women. Lis Hartel of Denmark became the first woman in the sport to win a medal. • Emil Zátopek of Czechoslovakia won three gold medals in the 5000 m , 10,000 m and the (which he had never run before). • The India national field hockey team won its fifth consecutive gold under captaincy of Kunwar Digvijay Singh • of the became the first Olympian to successfully defend his title. • Josy Barthel of pulled a major surprise by winning the 1500 m.

A total of 69 nations participated in these Games, up from 59 in the 1948 Games . Thirteen nations made their first Olympic appearance in 1952: The Bahamas , the People's Republic of China , Gold Coast (now Ghana ), Guatemala , Hong Kong , Indonesia , Israel , Netherlands Antilles , Nigeria , Soviet Union (USSR), Thailand , and Vietnam . Japan and Germany were both reinstated and permitted to send athletes after being banned for 1948 for their instigation of World War II . Due to the division of Germany , German athletes from Saar entered a separate team for the only time. Only West Germany would provide athletes for the actual Germany team, since East Germany refused to participate in a joint German team.

Medal count

MAJOR STARS Pal Kovacs (Hungary) - two more golds in fencing (4 golds and 1 bronze altogether( Pat McCormick (USA) - she won her first two golds in diving Laszlo Rajcsanyi (Hungary) - third gold in fencing Jimmy McLane (USA) - won his third gold in swimming Aladar Gerevich (Hungary) - he won one gold, one silver and one bronze in Helsinki (his overall achievements: 5 golds, 1 silver, 1 Katalin Szõke (Hungary) - she won two golds bronze) in swimming The ‘Magical Magyars’ - Hungarian football Eva Novak (Hungary) - one gold and two team (they beat: Romania 2-1, Italy 3-0, Sweden silvers in swimming 6-0 and Yugoslavia 2-0): , Jeno Dalnoki, Imre Kovacs, Laszlo Budai, Ferenc Josy Barthel (Luxembourg) - winning 1500 Puskas, Zoltan Czibor, Lajos Csordas, Jeno metres run he won the only gold medal for Buzanszky, Gyula Lorant, Mihaly Lantos, Jozsef Luxembourg in the summer olympics (so far) Bozsik, Jozsef Zakarias, Nandor Hidegkuti, Sandor Kocsis, Peter Palotas and Gusztav Sebes and Marjorie Jackson (USA) - (head coach) two gold medals in athletics Viktor Chukarin (Soviet Union) - four golds Emil Zatopek (Czechoslovakia) - three gold and 2 silvers in gymnastics medals in long-distance running - making his Hrant Shahinyan (Soviet Union) - two gold and achievements to 4 golds and 1 silver (his wife two silver medals in gymnastics Dana Zatopkova became the champion in javelin throw) Maria Gorokhovskaya (Soviet Union) - two gold medals and 5 silvers in gymnastics Bob Mathias (USA) - won his second consecutive gold in decathlon Nina Bocharova (Soviet Union) - two golds and two silvers in gymnastics Lazzlo Papp (Hungary) - won his second consecutive gold in boxing

Gert Fredriksson (Sweden) - won his third Olympic gold in canoeing

Kurt Wires & Yrjo Hietanen (Finland) - two gold medals in canoeing

Andre Noyell (Belgium) - two gold medals in road cycling

Henri Saint Cyr and Master Rufus (Sweden) - two gold medals in equestrian (dressage)

Hans vin Blixen-Finecke Jr. and Jubal (Sweden) - two gold medals in equestrian (eventing)

Edoardo Mangiarotti (Italy) - two golds and two silvers in fencing (altogether he collected by 1952 3 golds, 4 silvers and 1 bronze)

Christian d’Oriola (Italy) - two golds in fencing (3 golds and 1 silver altogether) Emil Zatopek Jehan Buhan (France) - third gold in fencing erzy, Barbara Wilk-Ślizowska (gymnastics – team all-round) POLISH PARTICIPATION 8th – Ernest Gondzik (wrestling – Greco-Ro- 125 competitors, 103 men and 22 women, man) took part in 74 events in 11 sports.

MEDALISTS:

Gold medal

Zygmunt CHYCHŁA (boxing – welterweight)

Silver medals

Aleksy ANTKIEWICZ (boxing – lightweight)

Jerzy JOKIEL (gymnastics – men’s floor)

Bronze medal

Teodor KOCERKA (rowing – men’s single sculls)

OTHER NOTABLE RESULTS:

5th – Jerzy Twardokens, Jerzy Pawłowski, Wo- jciech Zabłocki, Zygmunt Pawlas, Leszek Suski (fencing – team sabre)

5th – Edward Schwarzer, Zbigniew Schwarzer, Henryk Jagodziński, Zbigniew Żarnowiecki Zygmunt Chychła (rowing – coxless four)

5-8th – Leszek Drogosz (boxing – feather- weight)

5-8th – Tadeusz Grzelak (boxing – light heavy- weight)

7th – Maria Ciach (javelin throw)

7th – Andrzej Przeździecki, Wojciech Rydz, Jan Nawrocki, Adam Krajewski, Zygmunt Grodner (fencing – team épée)

7th – Czesław Lorenc, Romuald Thomas, Zdzisław Michalski (rowing – coxed pair) Jerzy Jokiel

8th – Dorota Horzonek-Jokiel, Zofia Kowalczyk, Urszula Łukomska, Honorata Marcińczak, Helena Rakoczy, Stefania Reindl, Stefania Świ-