Manatua Consortium Confirms Cable Lay Operations Complete
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Traditional Leadership in the Constitution of the Marshall Islands
TRADITIONAL LEADERSHIP IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS by C. J. LYNCH Working Papers Series Pacific Islands Studies Center for Asian and Pacific Studies in collaboration with the Social Science Research Institute University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii Joe Lynch is a consultant on legislation and constitutional drafting whose long experience in the Pacific encompasses island areas in Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia. Robert C. Kiste, Director Pacific Islands Studies Program Center for Asian and Pacific Studies University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 TRADITIONAL LEADERSHIP IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (With Comparative Notes) C. J. Lynch 1984 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface v Introductory 1 Part I. THE COUNCIL OF IROIJ l. The precursors 3 2. Functions of the Council 4 (a) General 4 (b) Relations with the Nitijela 6 ( c) The Council in action 9 3. Composition of the Council 10 4. Procedures of the Council 13 5. Miscellaneous matters 14 6. Comparisons 16 (a) Palau 16 (b) The Federated States of Micronesia 17 (c) Yap 18 (d) Vanuatu 21 (e) Western Samoa 22 (f) The Cook Islands 22 (g) Comment 24 Part II. THE TRADITIONAL RIGHTS COURT 7. The Traditional Rights Court and the judicial system 27 ADDENDUM: Two problems of interpretation 8. Comparisons and comment 34 Part III. CONCLUSION 9. General comments 35 10. Is a traditional input desirable? 37 APPENDIX 42 NOTES 43 iii PREFACE It hardly needs to be said that this paper is written by a lawyer and from a lawyer's point of view. This fact, however , necessarily means that it is selective, firstly in the aspects of its subject that are considered and secondly in the detail (especially on non-legal aspects) into which it goes. -
WILD POLYNESIAN ESCAPE: TAHITI to BORA BORA Current Route: Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia to Bora Bora, French Polynesia
WILD POLYNESIAN ESCAPE: TAHITI TO BORA BORA Current route: Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia to Bora Bora, French Polynesia 6 Days National Geographic Orion 102 Guests Expeditions in: May/Jun/Aug From $5,880 to $12,990 * Call us at 1.800.397.3348 or call your Travel Agent. In Australia, call 1300.361.012 • www.expeditions.com DAY 1: Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia padding Arrive in Tahiti and proceed directly to National 2022 Departure Dates: Geographic Orion for embarkation. While in port this morning, take some time to freshen up and 22 May settle into your cabin as we prepare to depart. 16 Jun, 21 Jun Alternatively, choose to walk around downtown 5 Aug, 10 Aug Papeete and visit the central market where vendors sell fresh fruit, pareos, art and coveted 2023 Departure Dates: black pearls. Join us for lunch aboard and be on 5 May, 10 May deck as we set sail from Tahiti toward the Tuamotu Archipelago. This afternoon meet the staff and 2024 Departure Dates: fellow travelers and settle into island time. (B,L,D) 30 Mar 4 Apr DAY 2: Rangiroa padding Advance Payment: The atoll of Rangiroa is a ring of slender islands known for some of the best diving and snorkeling $750 in French Polynesia. The turquoise lagoon at its center is the second-largest in the world. Kayak, snorkel, and scuba dive in the rich waters here, home to large schools of pelagic fish, manta rays, dolphins, and sea turtles. (B,L,D) DAY 3: Makatea padding An uplifted coral atoll, the island of Makatea is one of the most unique landforms in the Pacific. -
Table 1 Comprehensive International Points List
Table 1 Comprehensive International Points List FCC ITU-T Country Region Dialing FIPS Comments, including other 1 Code Plan Code names commonly used Abu Dhabi 5 971 TC include with United Arab Emirates Aden 5 967 YE include with Yemen Admiralty Islands 7 675 PP include with Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Arch'p'go.) Afars and Assas 1 253 DJ Report as 'Djibouti' Afghanistan 2 93 AF Ajman 5 971 TC include with United Arab Emirates Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area 9 44 AX include with United Kingdom Al Fujayrah 5 971 TC include with United Arab Emirates Aland 9 358 FI Report as 'Finland' Albania 4 355 AL Alderney 9 44 GK Guernsey (Channel Islands) Algeria 1 213 AG Almahrah 5 967 YE include with Yemen Andaman Islands 2 91 IN include with India Andorra 9 376 AN Anegada Islands 3 1 VI include with Virgin Islands, British Angola 1 244 AO Anguilla 3 1 AV Dependent territory of United Kingdom Antarctica 10 672 AY Includes Scott & Casey U.S. bases Antigua 3 1 AC Report as 'Antigua and Barbuda' Antigua and Barbuda 3 1 AC Antipodes Islands 7 64 NZ include with New Zealand Argentina 8 54 AR Armenia 4 374 AM Aruba 3 297 AA Part of the Netherlands realm Ascension Island 1 247 SH Ashmore and Cartier Islands 7 61 AT include with Australia Atafu Atoll 7 690 TL include with New Zealand (Tokelau) Auckland Islands 7 64 NZ include with New Zealand Australia 7 61 AS Australian External Territories 7 672 AS include with Australia Austria 9 43 AU Azerbaijan 4 994 AJ Azores 9 351 PO include with Portugal Bahamas, The 3 1 BF Bahrain 5 973 BA Balearic Islands 9 34 SP include -
Villa Bora Bora One - Asia Pacific, Bora Bora
VILLA BORA BORA ONE - ASIA PACIFIC, BORA BORA 10 GUESTS, 5 BEDROOMS VILLA BORA BORA ONE SUMMARY Asia Pacific, Bora Bora Lagoon & mountain views 10 Guests Private beach 5 Bedrooms Swimming pool Tennis court Landscaped gardens Terraces Outdoor living & dining Wi-Fi LOCATION An exclusive beachfront villa on the island of Bora Bora Asia Pacific, Bora Bora Bora Bora One is an exclusive villa surrounded by the splendid natural environment and offering tasteful and elegant furnishings. This dream property has a private beach GUESTS and state-of-the-art amenities. Guests have the privilege of up to 10 experiencing total privacy on one of the most beautiful islands of French Polynesia. BEDROOMS The private white sand beach faces the lagoon and guests can spend hours swimming in the turquoise waters before 5 soaking up the sun on the loungers or enjoying the shade from a palm tree-strung hammock. RENTAL PERIOD Guests can enjoy the refreshing infinity pool, or have a game Weekly of tennis on the full-size tennis court, which is just a short walk from the main house. There’s also a host of equipment for land sports as well as water sports from football and PRICE volleyball nets to jet skis and paddle boards. From 105,000 EUR There are plenty of spaces for entertaining outdoors with a beachfront pergola complete with bar and sound system, a MORE barbecue area, and several terraces decked out with comfortable lounge seating, day beds and hammocks. Price per week. Price for shorter stays available on The tropical gardens are full of exotic fruit trees and there is request; minimum stay 4 also an organic vegetable garden where the chef grows nights. -
Cook Islands & French Polynesia Joint Media Statement
GOVERNMENTS OF THE COOK ISLANDS & FRENCH POLYNESIA JOINT MEDIA STATEMENT: AUTHORISED FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE LEADERS HAIL NEW DAWN FOR POLYNESIAN NEIGHBOURS NOW CONNECTING AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT – joint statement by leaders of French Polynesia and Cook Islands – – ground breaking transnational partnership comes to fruition – – Cook Islands consumers now benefiting from first ever international fibre connectivity – – French Polynesia’s OPT and Cook Island’s Avaroa Cable in extended commercial deal – RAROTONGA, COOK ISLANDS & TAHITI, FRENCH POLYNESIA, 23 SEPTEMBER 2020: Political leaders in the Cook Islands and French Polynesia today paid tribute to the fruition of a ground breaking international partnership that has created the Manatua One Polynesia cable. Page 1 of 5 The 3600km cable concept grew from a ‘twinkle in the eye’ of regional leaders into an International Treaty signed in April 2017, and a delivery and operating contract between the four national operators agreed in Auckland, New Zealand in November 2018. The cable installation was declared complete earlier this year, on time and within budget despite the prevailing global crisis. Today, leaders celebrated the further collaboration between Avaroa Cable in the Cook Islands and OPT in French Polynesia which has put in place the first ever live fibre cable internet connectivity from the Cook Island to the global internet. This will enable the transformation of the internet user experience in Rarotonga and Aitutaki in the Cook Islands, supercharging their connections. The Manatua One Polynesia Cable Project is the first international collaboration of its kind in the Pacific and has been seen as a future model for cooperation. The initiative aims to transform the affordability, speed, reliability and resilience of regional connectivity. -
Treaty Between the United States of America and the Cook Islands (1980)
TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ACTS SERIES 10774 MARITIME BOUNDARIES Treaty Between the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and the COOK ISLANDS Signed at Rarotonga June 11, 1980 NOTE BY THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE Pursuant to Public Law 89-497, approved July 8, 1966 (80 Stat. 271; 1 U.S.C. 113)- "... the Treaties and Other International Acts Series issued under the authority of the Secretary of State shall be competent evidence . of the treaties, international agreements other than treaties, and proclamations by the President of such treaties and international agree- ments other than treaties, as the case may be, therein contained, in all the courts of law and equity and of maritime jurisdiction, d in all the tribunals and public offices of the United States, and of the several States, without any further proof or authentication thereof." For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 COOK ISLANDS Maritime Boundaries Treaty signed at Rarotonga June 11, 1980; Transmitted by the President of the United States of America to the Senate September 2, 1980 (S. Ex. P, 96th Cong., 2d Sess.); Reported favorably by the Senate Committee on Foreign Rela tions February 11, 1982 (S. Ex. Rept. No. 9749, 97th Cong., 2d Sess.); Advice and consent to ratification by the Senate June 21, 1983; Ratified by the President August 16, 1983; Ratified by the Cook Islands September 8, 1983; Ratifications exchanged at Rarotonga September 8, 1983; Proclaimed by the President October 31, 1983; Entered into force September 8, -
French Polynesia French Polynesia
CruisingCruising a T andhiti French Polynesia TTahitiahiti ◆ MMooreaoorea ◆ HHuahineuahine ◆ TTaha’aaha’a ◆ BBoraora BBoraora ◆ RRangiroaangiroa aaboardboard tthehe FFive-Star-Plusive-Star-Plus M.S. PAAULUL GAAUGUINUGUIN February 9–19, 2017 ◆ ROUND-TRIP AIR FROM LOS ANGELES IS INCLUDED ◆ L UXURY SMALL SHIP–ONLY 166 SUITES AND STATEROOMS ◆ MOST ACCOMMODATIONS FEATURE PRIVATE BALCONY ◆ ALL SHIPBOARD GRATUITIES ARE INCLUDED ◆ Cruising ALL BEVERAGESCruising ARE INCLUDED Dear MIT Alumni and Friends, Experience this unspoiled earthly paradise—Tahiti, Huahine, Fakarava, Rangiroa, Taha’a, Bora Bora and Moorea—that has beckoned explorers, travelers, artists and writers for centuries. Enjoy two nights in colorful Papeete, Tahiti, and seven nights aboard the Five-Star-Plus M.S. PAUL GAUGUIN, including the remote Tuamotu Archipelago, known for its incredible marine life and tremendous snorkeling. The M.S. PAUL GAUGUIN provides a small ship experience amidst the unparalleled beauty of the islands, atolls, and motus of French Polynesia. The gracious staff brings the native spirit of Polynesia to life through enriching cultural experiences including ancestral storytelling through dance, traditional songs, and demonstrations of customary Polynesian handicrafts. Enjoy many complimentary features aboard the ship including all shipboard gratuities; complimentary alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages served throughout the ship, at every lunch and dinner, and replenished in your Suite or Stateroom throughout the cruise; complimentary watersports; and even complimentary personal butler service in Suite Category 1 and Stateroom Category 2. During your stay in Tahiti, explore the west coast of the island and learn more about the history, environment, and culture of Polynesia and admire the unique private collection in the Museum of Tahiti and Her Islands. -
Frenchpolynesia Frenchpolynesia
K-State Alumni Association Taandhiti French Polynesia under Sail Tahiti ◆ Mo’orea ◆ Taha’a Ra’iatea ◆ Bora Bora ◆ Huahine aboard the Exclusively Chartered, Five-Star, Small Sailing Ship Wind Spirit January 28 to February 7, 2020 Luxury Small Sailing Ship—Only 74 Staterooms u All Ocean-View Accommodations u Round-Trip Air From Los Angeles is Included u All Beverages are Included u All Shipboard Gratuities are Included Dear K-State Alumni & Friends: Tahiti and the other idyllic islands of French Polynesia were formed over millennia; ancient underwater volcanic activity, ocean currents, waves and wind created the emerald-green mountain peaks, chalk-white atolls and beryl-blue lagoons of this South Pacific paradise. There is no better way to experience the Society Islands than under the billowing white sails of an elegant yacht. During this nine-night land and sea sojourn, explore these resplendent islands, which have beckoned explorers, travelers, artists and writers for centuries. Enjoy two nights (air schedules permitting) in colorful Pape’ete, Tahiti, and seven nights sailing aboard the Five-Star Wind Spirit, specifically designed to cruise the crystal-clear aquamarine waters of the South Pacific, which teem with incredible marine life. Aboard the Five-Star, 74-Stateroom Wind Spirit, enjoy unmatched small ship sailing amid the unparalleled beauty of the Society Islands, the Wind Spirit’s home waters. This intimate ship provides extensive complimentary features, including alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages served throughout the ship and replenished in your Suite or Stateroom, kayaking and snorkeling equipment and an exclusively arranged excursion on every island; shipboard gratuities are included. -
Pacific Colonisation and Canoe Performance: Experiments in the Science of Sailing
PACIFIC COLONISATION AND CANOE PERFORMANCE: EXPERIMENTS IN THE SCIENCE OF SAILING GEOFFREY IRWIN University of Auckland RICHARD G.J. FLAY University of Auckland The voyaging canoe was the primary artefact of Oceanic colonisation, but scarcity of direct evidence has led to uncertainty and debate about canoe sailing performance. In this paper we employ methods of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic analysis of sailing routinely used in naval architecture and yacht design, but rarely applied to questions of prehistory—so far. We discuss the history of Pacific sails and compare the performance of three different kinds of canoe hull representing simple and more developed forms, and we consider the implications for colonisation and later inter-island contact in Remote Oceania. Recent reviews of Lapita chronology suggest the initial settlement of Remote Oceania was not much before 1000 BC (Sheppard et al. 2015), and Tonga was reached not much more than a century later (Burley et al. 2012). After the long pause in West Polynesia the vast area of East Polynesia was settled between AD 900 and AD 1300 (Allen 2014, Dye 2015, Jacomb et al. 2014, Wilmshurst et al. 2011). Clearly canoes were able to transport founder populations to widely-scattered islands. In the case of New Zealand, modern Mäori trace their origins to several named canoes, genetic evidence indicates the founding population was substantial (Penney et al. 2002), and ancient DNA shows diversity of ancestral Mäori origins (Knapp et al. 2012). Debates about Pacific voyaging are perennial. Fifty years ago Andrew Sharp (1957, 1963) was sceptical about the ability of traditional navigators to find their way at sea and, more especially, to find their way back over long distances with sailing directions for others to follow. -
Pacific Island Populations
POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS / MID-YEAR POPULATION ESTIMATE / VITAL STATISTICS / POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS / ESTIMATION DE LA POPULATION EN CARACTÉRISTIQUES DE LA POPULATION STATISTIQUES VITALES CARACTÉRISTIQUES DE LA POPULATION MILIEU D’ANNÉE Crude Crude Crude Net Annual Estimated Average Land area Urban Dependency Teenage Fertility Population Average Birth Rate a Death Rate a Migration Growth Rate Annual Growth Rate b Median e Infant Mortality Rate COUNTRY/TERRITORY (km²) Last Density population at Annual Sex Ratio c Ratio Total Fertility Rate Rate f (15–19) COUNTRY/TERRITORY count at last Household (‰) (‰) Rate (‰) (%) (%) Age d (IMR, ‰) g Life Expectancy at Birth h population (persons/ last census (%) Intercensal (15–59) (TFR) 2 Size PAYS / TERRITOIRE Superficie census km ) Growth Rate 2020 2030 2050 PAYS / TERRITOIRE census Rapport de Rapport de Indice synthétique Fécondité des h (km²) Population Tx brut de Tx brut de Tx brut de Tx de Estimation du tx de c Âges f Tx de mortalité Espérance de vie à la naissance Taille a a b masculinité d e adolescentes Population Densité urbaine Tx annuel de natalité mortalité migration croissance croissance annuel médian dépendance de fécondité (ISF) infantile (TMI, ‰) g Dernier moyenne (15–19) au dernier (habitants/ au dernier croissance (‰) (‰) nette (‰) annuel (%) (%) (15–59) recensement des recensement km2) recensement intercensitaire TFR Year Year IMR Year Males Females Year ménages Total Total Total 2020 2020–30 2030–50 2020 % (%) ISF Année Année TMI Année Hommes Femmes Année MELANESIA 540,260 -
Tahiti & French Polynesia
READING GUIDE TAHITI & FRENCH POLYNESIA ere is a brief selection of favorite, new and hard-to-find books, prepared for your journey. For your convenience, you may call (800) 342-2164 to order these books directly from Longitude, a specialty mail- Horder book service. To order online, and to get the latest, most comprehensive selection of books for your voyage, go directly to reading.longitudebooks.com/D924803. ITMB ESSENTIAL Tahiti Travel Reference Map 2008, MAP, PAGES, $12.95 Item EXPAC259. Buy these 5 items as a set for $76 A detailed traveler’s map (1:100,000) of including shipping, 15% off the retail price. With free Tahiti and nearby Society Islands, including shipping on anything else you order. Bora Bora, Moorea, Tahaa and Raiatea. (Item Paul Theroux PAC326) The Happy Isles of Oceania 2006, PAPER, 480 PAGES, $16.95 ALSO RECOMMENDED The peripatetic author flies off to Australia and New Zealand with a kayak and ends up Lonely Planet exploring much of Melanesia and Polynesia, Lonely Planet South Pacific including Tonga, Fiji and the Marquesas, in this wickedly funny, wide-ranging tale. (Item Phrasebook PAC03) 2008, PAPER, 320 PAGES, $8.99 This handy pocket phrasebook covers the Paul Gauguin, John Miller (Editor) languages of the Cook Islands, Easter Island, Noa Noa, The Tahiti Journal Fiji, Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk & Pitcairn islands, Samoa, Tahiti 1985, PAPER, 96 PAGES, $5.95 Gauguin’s impressions of two years in French and Tonga. (Item PAC224) Polynesia, originally published in 1919. With 24 Anne Salmond black-and-white illustrations. (Item PAC13) Aphrodite’s Island, The European Discovery of Tahiti Paddy Ryan 2010, HARD COVER, 537 PAGES, $47.95 The Snorkeller’s Guide to the Coral Louis-Antoine de Bougainville, James Cook, Reef, From the Red Sea to the Pacific Samuel Wallis and many more early European Ocean voyagers join local heroes, Tahitian warriors 1994, PAPER, 184 PAGES, $21.99 and kings in this authoritative, richly detailed This take-along guide covers coral reefs, fish, history of French Polynesia and its allure. -
Translocation of Rarotonga Monarchs Pomarea Dimidiata Within the Southern Cook Islands
Bird Conservation International (2006) 16:197–215. ß BirdLife International 2006 doi: 10.1017/S0959270906000268 Printed in the United Kingdom Translocation of Rarotonga Monarchs Pomarea dimidiata within the southern Cook Islands HUGH A. ROBERTSON, IAN KARIKA and EDWARD K. SAUL Summary The translocation of species to a new site plays an important role in the conservation of many threatened birds; however, the problems and processes involved in planning and implementing such translocations are rarely reported. In order to establish a second secure ‘insurance’ population of the endangered Rarotonga Monarch Pomarea dimidiata, or Kakerori, 30 young birds were moved from the Takitumu Conservation Area on Rarotonga to the 2,700 ha island of Atiu between 2001 and 2003. The translocation of this single-island endemic was to a site outside the historical range of the species, because the small, but rapidly growing, population on Rarotonga was considered to be highly vulnerable to a catastrophe, such as a cyclone, or the arrival of a new bird disease or predator. The translocation followed consultation with local communities, an assessment of the suitability of islands in the southern Cook Islands, and an assessment of the disease risk posed by the translocation. The translocation appears to have been successful because Rarotonga Monarchs have bred well in a variety of forest habitats on Atiu. Introduction In a review of bird conservation problems in the South Pacific, commissioned by the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) and the International Council for Bird Preservation (now BirdLife International) in the early 1980s, Hay (1986) identified the Rarotonga Monarch, or Kakerori, Pomarea dimidiata, as one of the species most urgently in need of conservation management.