DOCSLIB.ORG

Putting Flesh on Bones OBJET 3D PRINTING HELPS SHED LIGHT on ANCIENT HUMAN EVOLUTION

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Putting Flesh on Bones OBJET 3D PRINTING HELPS SHED LIGHT on ANCIENT HUMAN EVOLUTION Putting Flesh On Bones OBJET 3D PRINTING HELPS SHED LIGHT ON ANCIENT HUMAN EVOLUTION “Solving the puzzle on a computer screen is challenging, After printing the CT-imaged parts using the Objet 3D Printer, the fossils were much easier to understand.” – Prof. Dr. Christoph P. E. Zollikofer Anthropological Institute, University of Zürich CASE STUDY The Anthropological Institute at Zurich University gained new insights into human evolution while investigating Neanderthal brain size at birth in fossils that are about 50,000 years old. Using the remains of a newborn from the Mezmaiskaya Cave (Crimea, Russia) and of two infants from the Dederiyeh Cave (Syria), Prof. Dr. Christoph P. E. Zollikofer and his team were able to procure new insights into brain growth during infancy. These remarkable findings were further developed using computerized reconstruction techniques on a fragmentary female Neanderthal pelvis discovered by Dorothy Garrod in the early 1930s at the Tabun Cave (Israel). By digitally superimposing the infants on the ‘Tabun Lady’, Prof. Zollikofer Objet Eden 3D printing proved to be a leap forward in anthropological studies. and Dr. Marcia Ponce de Le’on were able to shed new light on Neanderthal obstetrics. THE 3D PRINTING SOLUTIONS COMPANY™ High-accuracy printing makes Objet the only solution Prof. Gen Suwa of the Tokyo University Museum showed Prof. Zollikofer the At a Glance advantanges of combining 3D printing with anthropological findings. At the time, Challenges • Provide exact computerized the team at Tokyo University was using the system to scan teeth from the hominid reproductions of fossils for fossils and to scale them up to classify and better understand how they evolved. research purposes • Provide detailed models of “The advantages were immediately clear to me,” Prof. Zollikofer said. fossils to facilitate the understanding of anatomic structures “Such a straightforward yet simple application convinced us we needed an Objet • Provide non-invasive replication possibilities to prevent damage 3D Printer in-house,” said Prof. Zollikofer. Although there were other technologies to delicate fossils available, it was clear to him that Objet could best fulfill all his demands. He Solution • Objet Eden250 3D Printer selected the Objet Eden250™ 3D Printer because: “We needed to replicate the Results • Objet models enabled actual fossils with a high level of accuracy. Objet was the only solution that offered researchers to gain new insights us such capabilities.” into female Neanderthals’ anatomical structures, Neanderthal brain size evolution Prof. Zollikofer said that the Objet 3D Printer is also economical. “Often, we have and other aspects of the history of human evolution budgetary constraints,” said Prof. Zollikofer. “Cartridges allow us to purchase • Printing parts from CT images of fossils makes it easier material only when we need it.” and faster to reconstruct the placement of skeletal parts • Revealed features in fossil bone Dederiyeh 1, the fossil Neanderthal skeleton found in the Mezmaiskaya Cave that were otherwise invisible to in Russia, was unique in that the infant was assessed to be one week old upon the eye, including tooth roots and inner ear cavities death. The archeological digging at the Dederiyeh cave lasted for some 15 years. • Exact models of fossils are available for display in museums Putting all the parts together to form the skull took several more years. “Until this and for research finding, we had only older infant brains and had to guess what a newborn’s brain would look like,” explained Prof. Zollikofer. The tooth structure, the size of the skull and the assessed brain size all provided insight into Neanderthal brain evolution. “Imagine uncovering hundreds of pieces of a puzzle and needing to reconstruct all that on a given plane,” continued Prof. Zollikofer. “Now add to that years of archeological findings and deformations brought as a result of an elapsed timeframe.” Using in-house software developed by the University called Form It, Prof. Zollikofer was able to reconstruct the various Neanderthal brains digitally after scanning the fossils found using micro computed tomography (micro-CT) technology. “Solving the puzzle on a computer screen is challenging,” Prof. Zollikofer said. “After printing the CT-imaged parts using the Objet 3D Printer, the The University of Zurich uses an Objet 3D printer to create fossils were much easier to understand and reconstruct.” accurate replicas of fossil skeletons. The Objet 3D printer is also used for what is called within the institution ‘quality control’: printing parts to assist in placing fossils in the right configuration. One additional anthropological application for the Objet 3D Printer is called non- Invasive replication. A fossil is a treasure. Once found, it is preserved with the highest possible care, both because of its rarity and because of its brittleness. Prof. Zollikofer scans the fossils and prints the parts using an Objet 3D Printer so they can be used for silicon molding. “It is simply not possible to mold a brittle fossil skull,” Prof. Zollikofer said. “The part is too valuable. But by using scanning technology, the replica can be used for silicon molding.” The next project: the pelvis of ‘Tabun Lady’ with infant skeleton THE 3D PRINTING SOLUTIONS COMPANY™ “The Objet 3D Printer makes for a perfect copy of the original,” said Prof. Zollikofer. “This in turn allows experiments to be performed that would otherwise be impossible.” A replica of fossil skull is printed on Objet 3D Printer. HEADQUARTERS 7665 Commerce Way, 2 Holtzman St., Science Park, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 PO Box 2496 +1 800 801 6491 (US Toll Free) Rehovot 76124, Israel +1 952 937-3000 (Intl) +972 74 745 4000 E [email protected] / STRATASYS.COM +1 952 937-0070 (Fax) +972 74 745 5000 (Fax) ISO 9001:2008 Certified © 2013 Stratasys Ltd. All rights reserved. Stratasys, Stratasys logo, Objet, For a 3D World, Objet24, Objet30 Pro, Objet Studio, Quadra, QuadraTempo, FullCure, SHR, Eden, Eden250, Eden260, Eden260V, Eden 330, Eden350, Eden350V, Eden500V, Jo Manager, CADMatrix, Connex, Objet260 Connex, Connex350, Connex500, Alaris, Alaris30, PolyLog, TangoBlack, TangoGray, TangoPlus, TangoBlackPlus, VeroBlue, VeloBlack, VeroBlackPlus, VeroClear, VeroDent, VeroGray, VeroWhite, VeroWhitePlus, Durus, Digital Materials, PolyJet, Polyjet Matrix, ABS-like and ObjetGreen are trademarks or registered trademarks of Stratasys Ltd. and/or its subsidiaries or affiliates and may be registered in certain jurisdictions. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners. CS_PJ_ED_AnthropologicalInst_0116a.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Past Climate Changes, Population Dynamics and the Origin of Bison in Europe Diyendo Massilani1†, Silvia Guimaraes1†, Jean-Philip Brugal2,3, E
    Massilani et al. BMC Biology (2016) 14:93 DOI 10.1186/s12915-016-0317-7 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Past climate changes, population dynamics and the origin of Bison in Europe Diyendo Massilani1†, Silvia Guimaraes1†, Jean-Philip Brugal2,3, E. Andrew Bennett1, Malgorzata Tokarska4, Rose-Marie Arbogast5, Gennady Baryshnikov6, Gennady Boeskorov7, Jean-Christophe Castel8, Sergey Davydov9, Stéphane Madelaine10, Olivier Putelat11,12, Natalia N. Spasskaya13, Hans-Peter Uerpmann14, Thierry Grange1*† and Eva-Maria Geigl1*† Abstract Background: Climatic and environmental fluctuations as well as anthropogenic pressure have led to the extinction of much of Europe’s megafauna. The European bison or wisent (Bison bonasus), one of the last wild European large mammals, narrowly escaped extinction at the onset of the 20th century owing to hunting and habitat fragmentation. Little is known, however, about its origin, evolutionary history and population dynamics during the Pleistocene. Results: Through ancient DNA analysis we show that the emblematic European bison has experienced several waves of population expansion, contraction, and extinction during the last 50,000 years in Europe, culminating in a major reduction of genetic diversity during the Holocene. Fifty-seven complete and partial ancient mitogenomes from throughout Europe, the Caucasus, and Siberia reveal that three populations of wisent (Bison bonasus)and steppe bison (B. priscus) alternately occupied Western Europe, correlating with climate-induced environmental changes. The Late Pleistocene European steppe bison originated from northern Eurasia, whereas the modern wisent population emerged from a refuge in the southern Caucasus after the last glacial maximum. A population overlap during a transition period is reflected in ca. 36,000-year-old paintings in the French Chauvet cave.
    [Show full text]
  • Comments on Mezmaiskaya"
    Eurasian Prehistory, 5 (1) : 131- 136. GETTING BACK TO BASICS: A RESPONSE TO OTTE "COMMENTS ON MEZMAISKAYA" Lubov Golovanova, Vladimir Doronichev and Naomi Cleghorn Marcel Otte recently argued (In "Comments Jar to the Ahmarian tradition, and particularly the on Mezmaiskaya, North Caucasus", Eurasian lithic assemblages from Abu Noshra and the La­ Prehistory, this issue) that the Early Upper Paleo­ gaman, dating between 30 and 35 ky BP (Gilead, lithic (EUP) at Mezmaiskaya Cave can be defined 1991 ). This preliminary conclusion is based on as Aurignacian (versus Golovanova et al., 2006). the prevalence of micro-laminar (bladelet) debi­ This raises an old methodological problem con­ tage, a high percentage of tools made on bladelets cerning the correct use of scientific terms and the (compared with 45 .7 percent at Lagama), and a definition of the Aurignacian. Lithic definitions rather low representation (about 20 percent) of such as Aurignacian and Gravettian, which were endscrapers and burins. It is important to note that ori ginally based on specific materials, have been only the later Ahmarian assemblages provided a rather more loosely applied to assemblages dis­ basis for this comparison. Moreover, despite tant in time and space. We believe that the wider many similarities, the EUP industry from Layer application of these original terms not only sim­ 1C at Mezmaiskaya is not identical to the Ahmar­ plifies them by a subjective reduction of their pri­ ian. mary determining attributes, but also confuses our Ongoing excavations of EUP levels in Mez­ understanding of cultural processes within and maiskaya Cave now permit a more accurate com­ between various regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Comments on Mezmaiskaya"
    EllrasianPrehistory, 5 (I): 13/-136. GETTING BACK TO BASICS: A RESPONSETO OTTE "COMMENTS ON MEZMAISKAYA" Lubov Golovanova, Vladimir Doronichev and Naomi Cleghorn MarcelOtte recently argued (In "Comments lar to the Ahrnarian tradition, and particularly the f onMezmaiskaya,North Caucasus", Eurasian lithic assemblages from Abu Noshra and the La- Prehistory, thisissue)that the Early Upper Paleo- gaman, dating between 30 and 35 ky BP (Gilead, Iilhic(EDP)atMezmaiskayaCave can be defined 1991). This preliminary conclusion is based on asAurignacian(versus Golovanova et al., 2006). the prevalence of micro-laminar (bladelet) debi- Ihisraisesan old methodological problem con- tage, a high percentage of tools made on bladelets cerningthecorrectuse of scientific terms and the (compared with 45.7 percent at Lagama), and a definitionof the Aurignacian. Lithic definitions rather low representation (about 20 percent) of suchasAurignacianand Gravettian which were endscrapers and burins. It is important to note that originallybasedon specific materials, have been only the later Ahmarian assemblages provided a rathermoreloosely applied to assemblages dis- basis for this comparison. Moreover, despite tantintimeand space. We believe that the wider many similarities, the EUP industry from Layer ap.plicationof these original terms not only sim- l C at Mezmaiskaya is not identical to the Ahmar- plifiesthemby a subjective reduction of their pri- tan. mary determiningattributes, but also confuses our Ongoing excavations of EUP levels in Mez- understandingof cultural processes within and maiskaya Cave now permit a more accurate com- betweenvariousregions. parison with the Ahmarian. Typical el-Wad To get hack to the basic definition of the points with fine lateral retouch, which are very ~urignacian,it is necessary to return to Sonne- characteristic of the Ahmarian assemblages from Ville-Bordes'(1950) classic publication on this Lagama (Bar-Yosefand Belfer 1977: fig.
    [Show full text]
  • The Appendicular Remains of the Kiik-Koba 2 Neandertal Infant
    The Appendicular Remains of the Kiik-Koba 2 Neandertal Infant ERIK TRINKAUS Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; [email protected] MARIA B. MEDNIKOVA Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dm. Ulianova str. 19, Moscow 117036, RUSSIA; [email protected] LIBBY W. COWGILL Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; [email protected] submitted: 9 August 2016; revised 21 November 2016; accepted 7 December 2016 ABSTRACT The appendicular skeleton (scapula, humerus, ulnae, radii, metacarpals, pollical phalanges, hip bone, femora, tibiae and fibula) of the Neandertal infant from Kiik-Koba (Crimea), Kiik-Koba 2, are reassessed in the context of Late Pleistocene archaic and modern human infant remains. Based on long bone lengths, it should have been 4–6 months old at death, of indeterminate sex. The infant resembles (most) older Neandertals in its scapular dorsal sulcus axillary border, medially oriented radial tuberosity, radial curvature, large pollical opponens flange, and low crural index. It lacks the mediolateral pubic elongation seen in some older Neandertals, its brachial index is average for a Late Pleistocene or recent human, and its femoral neck-shaft angle is low for its developmental age. The percent cortical areas of its humerus and especially femur are average for its age, but its tibial one is unusually low. Yet, when scaled to intermetaphyseal lengths, the midshaft rigidities of all three long bones are unexceptional for a Late Pleistocene or non-mechanized recent human infant. The Kiik-Koba 2 infant limb bones thus provide additional data and inferences concerning the mosaic of Neandertal early postnatal development of postcranial features and appendicular hypertrophy, when assessed in the broader context of both Late Pleistocene and recent human infant remains.
    [Show full text]
  • Ahead of the Game: Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Hunting Behaviors in the Southern Caucasus
    Ahead of the Game: Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Hunting Behaviors in the Southern Caucasus The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Adler, Daniel S., Guy Bar#Oz, Anna Belfer#Cohen, and Ofer Bar# Yosef. 2006. Ahead of the Game: Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Hunting Behaviors in the Southern Caucasus. Current Anthropology 47, no. 1: 89–118. Published Version doi:10.1086/432455 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12242824 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Current Anthropology Volume 47, Number 1, February 2006 89 Ahead of the Game Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Hunting Behaviors in the Southern Caucasus by Daniel S. Adler, Guy Bar-Oz, Anna Belfer-Cohen, and Ofer Bar-Yosef Over the past several decades a variety of models have been proposed to explain perceived behavioral and cognitive differences between Neanderthals and modern humans. A key element in many of these models and one often used as a proxy for behavioral “modernity” is the frequency and nature of hunting among Palaeolithic populations. Here new archaeological data from Ortvale Klde, a late Middle–early Upper Palaeolithic rockshelter in the Georgian Republic, are considered, and zooar- chaeological methods are applied to the study of faunal acquisition patterns to test whether they changed significantly from the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic.
    [Show full text]
  • An Anthropological Assessment of Neanderthal Behavioural Energetics
    DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY, CLASSICS & EGYPTOLOGY An Anthropological Assessment of Neanderthal Behavioural Energetics. Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the Degree of Doctor in Philosophy by Andrew Shuttleworth. April, 2013. TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………..i LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………………v LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………………………..vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS…………………………………………………………………...vii ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………viii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................1 1.1. Introduction..............................................................................................................1 1.2. Aims and Objectives................................................................................................2 1.3. Thesis Format...........................................................................................................3 2. THE NEANDERTHAL AND OXYEGN ISOTOPE STAGE-3.................................6 2.1. Discovery, Geographic Range & Origins..............................................................7 2.1.1. Discovery........................................................................................................7 2.1.2. Neanderthal Chronology................................................................................10 2.2. Morphology.............................................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Early Cave Art and Ancient DNA Record the Origin of European Bison
    ARTICLE Received 22 Apr 2016 | Accepted 9 Sep 2016 | Published 18 Oct 2016 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13158 OPEN Early cave art and ancient DNA record the origin of European bison Julien Soubrier1,*, Graham Gower1,*, Kefei Chen1, Stephen M. Richards1,BastienLlamas1,KierenJ.Mitchell1,SimonY.W.Ho2, Pavel Kosintsev3, Michael S.Y. Lee4,5, Gennady Baryshnikov6, Ruth Bollongino7, Pere Bover1,8, Joachim Burger7, David Chivall9,EvelyneCre´gut-Bonnoure10,11,Jared E. Decker12, Vladimir B. Doronichev13,KaterinaDouka9,DamienA.Fordham14, Federica Fontana15,CaroleFritz16, Jan Glimmerveen17, Liubov V. Golovanova13, Colin Groves18, Antonio Guerreschi15, Wolfgang Haak1,19,TomHigham9, Emilia Hofman-Kamin´ska20, Alexander Immel19, Marie-Anne Julien21,22, Johannes Krause19, Oleksandra Krotova23, Frauke Langbein24,GregerLarson25, Adam Rohrlach26, Amelie Scheu7, Robert D. Schnabel12,JeremyF.Taylor12, Małgorzata Tokarska20, Gilles Tosello27, Johannes van der Plicht28, Ayla van Loenen1, Jean-Denis Vigne29, Oliver Wooley1, Ludovic Orlando30,31, Rafał Kowalczyk20, Beth Shapiro32,33 & Alan Cooper1 The two living species of bison (European and American) are among the few terrestrial megafauna to have survived the late Pleistocene extinctions. Despite the extensive bovid fossil record in Eurasia, the evolu- tionary history of the European bison (or wisent, Bison bonasus) before the Holocene (o11.7 thousand years ago (kya)) remains a mystery. We use complete ancient mitochondrial genomes and genome-wide nuclear DNA surveys to reveal that the wisent is the product of hybridization between the extinct steppe bison (Bison priscus) and ancestors of modern cattle (aurochs, Bos primigenius) before 120 kya, and contains up to 10% aurochs genomic ancestry. Although undetected within the fossil record, ancestors of the wisent have alternated ecological dominance with steppe bison in association with major environmental shifts since at least 55 kya.
    [Show full text]
  • What's in a Neanderthal
    WHAT’S IN A NEANDERTHAL: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Taylorlyn Stephan Oberlin College Dept. of Anthropology Advised by Prof. Amy Margaris TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Abstract – pg. 3 II. Introduction – pg. 3-4 III. Historical Background – pg. 4-5 a. Fig. 1 – pg. 5 IV. Methods – pg. 5-8 a. Figs. 2 and 3 – pg. 6 V. Genomic Definitions – pg. 8-9 VI. Site Introduction – pg. 9-10 a. Fig 4 – pg. 10 VII. El Sidron – pg. 10-14 a. Table – pg. 10-12 b. Figs. 5-7 – pg. 12 c. Figs. 8 and 9 – pg. 13 VIII. Mezmaiskaya – pg. 14-18 a. Table – pg. 14-16 b. Figs. 10 and 11 – pg. 16 IX. Shanidar – pg. 18-22 a. Table – pg. 19-20 b. Figs. 12 and 13 – pg.21 X. Vindija – pg. 22-28 a. Table – pg. 23-25 b. Fig. 14 – pg. 25 c. Figs. 15-18 – pg. 26 XI. The Neanderthal Genome Project – pg. 28-32 a. Table – pg. 29 b. Fig. 19 – pg. 29 c. Figs. 20 and 21 – pg. 30 XII. Discussion – pg. 32- 36 XIII. Conclusion – pg. 36-38 XIV. Bibliography – pg. 38-42 2 ABSTRACT In this analysis, I seek to understand how three separate lines of evidence – skeletal morphology, archaeology, and genomics – are used separately and in tandem to produce taxonomic classifications in Neanderthal and paleoanthropological research more generally. To do so, I have selected four sites as case studies: El Sidrón Cave, Mezmaiskaya Cave, Shanidar Cave, and Vindija Cave. El Sidrón, Mezmaiskaya, and Vindija all have detailed archaeological records and have yielded Neanderthal DNA.
    [Show full text]
  • Neanderthal Brain Size at Birth Provides Insights Into the Evolution of Human Life History
    Neanderthal brain size at birth provides insights into the evolution of human life history Marcia S. Ponce de Leo´ n*†, Lubov Golovanova‡, Vladimir Doronichev‡, Galina Romanova‡, Takeru Akazawa§, Osamu Kondo¶, Hajime Ishidaʈ, and Christoph P. E. Zollikofer*† *Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zu¨rich, Switzerland; ‡Laboratory of Prehistory, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; §Kochi University of Technology, Kochi 782-8502, Japan; ¶Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; and ʈDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213 Japan Edited by Erik Trinkaus, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, and approved July 25, 2008 (received for review April 23, 2008) From birth to adulthood, the human brain expands by a factor of only scarcely represented in the fossil record. A recent analysis 3.3, compared with 2.5 in chimpanzees [DeSilva J and Lesnik J of the only well preserved Homo erectus infant neurocranium (2006) Chimpanzee neonatal brain size: Implications for brain suggested that brain growth in H. erectus followed a chimpanzee- growth in Homo erectus. J Hum Evol 51: 207–212]. How the like rather than a modern human-like pattern (8). However, required extra amount of human brain growth is achieved and comprehensive comparative studies do not confirm this hypoth- what its implications are for human life history and cognitive esis; rather, they indicate that modern human-like ontogenetic development are still a matter of debate. Likewise, because com- traits such as increased neonate brain size and postnatal brain parative fossil evidence is scarce, when and how the modern growth rates were already present in H.
    [Show full text]
  • Dietary and Behavioral Strategies Of
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2011 Dietary and Behavioral Strategies of Neandertals and Anatomically Modern Humans: Evidence from Anterior Dental Microwear Texture Analysis Kristin Lynn Krueger University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Krueger, Kristin Lynn, "Dietary and Behavioral Strategies of Neandertals and Anatomically Modern Humans: Evidence from Anterior Dental Microwear Texture Analysis" (2011). Theses and Dissertations. 92. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/92 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 1 DIETARY AND BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES OF NEANDERTALS AND ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS: EVIDENCE FROM ANTERIOR DENTAL MICROWEAR TEXTURE ANALYSIS DIETARY AND BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES OF NEANDERTALS AND ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS: EVIDENCE FROM ANTERIOR DENTAL MICROWEAR TEXTURE ANALYSIS A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology By Kristin L. Krueger University of Wisconsin-Madison Bachelor of Science in Anthropology, 2003 University of Wisconsin-Madison Bachelor of Science in Spanish, 2003 Western Michigan University Master of Arts in Anthropology, 2006 May 2011 University of Arkansas ABSTRACT The extreme gross wear of Neandertal anterior teeth has been a topic of debate for decades. Several ideas have been proposed, including the excessive mastication of grit- laden foods and non-dietary anterior tooth use, or using the anterior dentition as a clamp or tool.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Anthropology
    Forthcoming Current Anthropology Wenner-Gren Symposium Current Anthropology Supplementary Issues (in order of appearance) Current VOLUME 58 SUPPLEMENT 17 DECEMBER 2017 The Anthropology of Corruption. Sarah Muir and Akhil Gupta, eds. Cultures of Militarism. Catherine Besteman and Hugh Gusterson, eds. Patchy Anthropocene. Anna Tsing, Nils Bubandt, and Andrew Mathews, eds. Anthropology Previously Published Supplementary Issues Engaged Anthropology: Diversity and Dilemmas. Setha M. Low and Sally Engle Merry, eds. THE WENNER-GREN SYMPOSIUM SERIES Corporate Lives: New Perspectives on the Social Life of the Corporate Form. December 2017 Damani Partridge, Marina Welker, and Rebecca Hardin, eds. The Origins of Agriculture: New Data, New Ideas. T. Douglas Price and HUMAN COLONIZATION OF ASIA IN THE LATE PLEISTOCENE Ofer Bar-Yosef, eds. GUEST EDITORS: CHRISTOPHER J. BAE, KATERINA DOUKA, The Biological Anthropology of Living Human Populations: World Histories, AND MICHAEL D. PETRAGLIA National Styles, and International Networks. Susan Lindee and Ricardo Ventura Santos, eds. Human Colonization of Asia in the Late Pleistocene Human Biology and the Origins of Homo. Susan Antón and Leslie C. Aiello, eds. Human Colonization of Asia in the Late Pleistocene: The History of an Invasive Species Potentiality and Humanness: Revisiting the Anthropological Object in 58 Volume A Genomic View of the Pleistocene Population History of Asia Contemporary Biomedicine. Klaus Hoeyer and Karen-Sue Taussig, eds. Testing Modern Human Out-of-Africa Dispersal Models Using Dental Nonmetric Data Alternative Pathways to Complexity: Evolutionary Trajectories in the Middle Archaic Hominin Populations in Asia before the Arrival of Modern Humans: Their Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age. Steven L. Kuhn and Erella Hovers, eds.
    [Show full text]
  • Source Provenance of Obsidian Artifacts from Mezmaiskaya Cave, Northwest Caucusus Mountains, Russia
    www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1802k5d4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY LABORATORY 8100 WYOMING BLVD., SUITE M4-158 ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87113 USA SOURCE PROVENANCE OF OBSIDIAN ARTIFACTS FROM MEZMAISKAYA CAVE, NORTHWEST CAUCUSUS MOUNTAINS, RUSSIA by M. Steven Shackley, Ph.D., Director Geoarchaeological XRF Laboratory Albuquerque, New Mexico USA Report Prepared for Drs. Liubov Golovanova, and Vladimir Doronicheva ANO Laboratory of Prehistory St. Petersburg, Russia 23 February 2014 www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1802k5d4 INTRODUCTION This report documents the EDXRF analysis of 5 additional obsidian artifacts from Mezmaiskaya Cave in the Caucasus of Russia. As with the previous analysis, and based on these data and the literature it appears that two of the obsidian samples were produced from the Zayukovo source in the central Caucasus and the rest appear to be from the Kojun Daği (Paravan) source in southern Georgia (Doronicheva et al. 2013; Golovanova et al. 2010). LABORATORY SAMPLING, ANALYSIS AND INSTRUMENTATION All archaeological samples are analyzed whole. The results presented here are quantitative in that they are derived from "filtered" intensity values ratioed to the appropriate x- ray continuum regions through a least squares fitting formula rather than plotting the proportions of the net intensities in a ternary system (McCarthy and Schamber 1981; Schamber 1977). Or more essentially, these data through the analysis of international rock standards, allow for inter- instrument comparison with a predictable degree of certainty (Hampel 1984; Shackley 2011). All analyses for this study were conducted on a ThermoScientific Quant’X EDXRF spectrometer, located in the Archaeological XRF Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico. It is equipped with a thermoelectrically Peltier cooled solid-state Si(Li) X-ray detector, with a 50 kV, 50 W, ultra-high-flux end window bremsstrahlung, Rh target X-ray tube and a 76 µm (3 mil) beryllium (Be) window (air cooled), that runs on a power supply operating 4-50 kV/0.02-1.0 mA at 0.02 increments.
    [Show full text]