Estimation of Morphometric Study on Shetrunji River Using Remote Sensing and GIS
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A Multivariate Geomorphometric Approach to Prioritize Erosion-Prone Watersheds
sustainability Article A Multivariate Geomorphometric Approach to Prioritize Erosion-Prone Watersheds Jesús A. Prieto-Amparán 1, Alfredo Pinedo-Alvarez 1 , Griselda Vázquez-Quintero 2, María C. Valles-Aragón 2 , Argelia E. Rascón-Ramos 1, Martin Martinez-Salvador 1 and Federico Villarreal-Guerrero 1,* 1 Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31453, Mexico; [email protected] (J.A.P.-A.); [email protected] (A.P.-A.); [email protected] (A.E.R.-R.); [email protected] (M.M.-S.) 2 Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31350, Mexico; [email protected] (G.V.-Q.); [email protected] (M.C.V.-A.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +52-(614)-434-1448 Received: 15 August 2019; Accepted: 15 September 2019; Published: 19 September 2019 Abstract: Soil erosion is considered one of the main degradation processes in ecosystems located in developing countries. In northern Mexico, one of the most important hydrological regions is the Conchos River Basin (CRB) due to its utilization as a runoff source. However, the CRB is subjected to significant erosion processes due to natural and anthropogenic causes. Thus, classifying the CRB’s watersheds based on their erosion susceptibility is of great importance. This study classified and then prioritized the 31 watersheds composing the CRB. For that, multivariate techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA), group analysis (GA), and the ranking methodology known as compound parameter (Cp) were used. After a correlation analysis, the values of 26 from 33 geomorphometric parameters estimated from each watershed served for the evaluation. The PCA defined linear-type parameters as the main source of variability among the watersheds. -
Climate Change for the Current Spike in Temperatures, As the Time Frame Represents a Relatively Limited Chunk of Data
Heat waves Heat Wave Duration Index is that a heat wave occurs when the daily maximum temperature of more than five consecutive days exceeds the average maximum temperature by 5 °C (9 °F). A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity, especially in oceanic climate countries. While definitions vary, a heat wave is measured relative to the usual weather in the area and relative to normal temperatures for the season. Temperatures that people from a hotter climate consider normal can be termed a heat wave in a cooler area if they are outside the normal climate pattern for that area. The term is applied both to hot weather variations and to extraordinary spells of hot which may occur only once a century. Severe heat waves have caused catastrophic crop failures, thousands of deaths from hyperthermia, and widespread power outages due to increased use of air conditioning. A heat wave is considered extreme weather and a danger because heat and sunlight may overheat the human body. Warms up to 102 °F (39 °C). Health Impacts of Heat Waves The health impacts of Heat Waves typically involve dehydration, heat cramps, heat exhaustion and/or heat stroke. The signs and symptoms are as follows: Heat Cramps: Ederna (swelling) and Syncope (Fainting) generally accompanied by fever below 39*C i.e.102*F. Heat Exhaustion: Fatigue, weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps and sweating. Heat Stoke: Body temperatures of 40*C i.e. 104*F or more along with delirium, seizures or coma. -
Water Supply Flow Diagram of Urban Local Bodies (Based on Year 2008-09)
Water Supply Flow Diagram of Urban Local Bodies (Based on Year 2008-09) 1 Ahmedabad - Water Supply Flow Diagram (Municipal Corporation) Narmada Canal Kotarpur WTP Jaspur WTP 5 no. of French wells French well 6500 2750 LL/Day LL/Day Western Main Central Main Eastern Main No. of WDS-21 800 No. of WDS-62 No. of WDS-33 LL/Day Dudheshwa WTP West zone North zone East zone North zone 19 2 South zone 20 26 16 No. of WDS-6 WATER LOSS Water Production at Source: 9254.21 Lac Litres/Day Average daily quantity of water supplied: ND Water Estimated consumption quantity: 6388.00 Lac Litres/Day Estimated Total Loss: 2866.21 Lac Litres/Day Bore/ PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM, TubeWell Consumer WTP Sump ESR HGLR Prepared by : Urban Management Centre 2 /Open End Well All units are in Lac Litres ; As on 2008-09 Bhavnagar - Water Supply Flow Diagram (Municipal Corporation) Shetrunji Mahi Pipe (Narmada Water) Dam Gaurishankar Khodiyar Lake Lake 400 150 180 LL/Day LL/Day LL/Day Thaktheswar Neelambaug Chitra Thaktheswar WDS Neelambaug WDS Chitra WDS Dilbhar WDS 319 LL Sump+ESR 40 LL Sump+ESR 36 LL Sump+ESR 22 LL Sump+ESR WATER LOSS Water Production at Source: 875.00 Lac Litres/Day Average daily quantity of water supplied: 859 .00 Lac Litres/Day Direct Pumping (5 Lac Liters water drawn from ground) Water Estimated consumption quantity: 514.80 Lac Litres/Day Estimated Total Loss: 360.20 Lac Litres/Day Bore/ PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM, TubeWell Consumer WTP Sump ESR HGLR Prepared by : Urban Management Centre 3 /Open End Well All units are in Lac Litres ; As on -
Drainage Basin Morphology in the Central Coast Range of Oregon
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF WENDY ADAMS NIEM for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in GEOGRAPHY presented on July 21, 1976 Title: DRAINAGE BASIN MORPHOLOGY IN THE CENTRAL COAST RANGE OF OREGON Abstract approved: Redacted for privacy Dr. James F. Lahey / The four major streams of the central Coast Range of Oregon are: the westward-flowing Siletz and Yaquina Rivers and the eastward-flowing Luckiamute and Marys Rivers. These fifth- and sixth-order streams conform to the laws of drain- age composition of R. E. Horton. The drainage densities and texture ratios calculated for these streams indicate coarse to medium texture compa- rable to basins in the Carboniferous sandstones of the Appalachian Plateau in Pennsylvania. Little variation in the values of these parameters occurs between basins on igneous rook and basins on sedimentary rock. The length of overland flow ranges from approximately i mile to i mile. Two thousand eight hundred twenty-five to 6,140 square feet are necessary to support one foot of channel in the central Coast Range. Maximum elevation in the area is 4,097 feet at Marys Peak which is the highest point in the Oregon Coast Range. The average elevation of summits in the thesis area is ap- proximately 1500 feet. The calculated relief ratios for the Siletz, Yaquina, Marys, and Luckiamute Rivers are compara- ble to relief ratios of streams on the Gulf and Atlantic coastal plains and on the Appalachian Piedmont. Coast Range streams respond quickly to increased rain- fall, and runoff is rapid. The Siletz has the largest an- nual discharge and the highest sustained discharge during the dry summer months. -
Stream Turbidity Modeling: a Foundation for Water Quality Forecasting
STREAM TURBIDITY MODELING: A FOUNDATION FOR WATER QUALITY FORECASTING By Amanda L. Mather A DISSERTATION Presented to the Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems and the Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science and Engineering May 2015 School of Medicine Oregon Health & Science University CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL This is to certify that the PhD dissertation of Amanda L. Mather has been approved ______________________________________ Richard L. Johnson, PhD Research Advisor ______________________________________ Joseph A. Needoba, PhD Examination Committee Chair ______________________________________ Karen H. Watanabe, PhD Examination Committee Member ______________________________________ Paul G. Tratnyek, PhD Examination Committee Member ______________________________________ Anthony J. (Jim) Tesoriero, PhD U.S. Geological Survey External Examination Committee Member TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... i LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ x ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... -
Estimating Sediment Delivery Ratio by Stream Slope and Relief Ratio
MATEC Web of Conferences 192, 02040 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819202040 ICEAST 2018 Estimating sediment delivery ratio by stream slope and relief ratio Kieu Anh Nguyen1 and Walter Chen1,* 1Department of Civil Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan Abstract. Nowadays, the storage capacity of a reservoir reduced by sediment deposition is a concern of many countries in the world. Therefore, understanding the soil erosion and transportation process is a significant matter, which helps to manage and prevent sediments entering the reservoir. The main objective of this study is to examine the sediments reaching the outlet of a basin by empirical sediment delivery ratio (SDR) equations and the gross soil erosion. The Shihmen reservoir watershed is used as the study area. Because steep terrain is a characteristic feature of the study area, two SDR models that depend on the slope of the mainstream channel and the relief-length ratio of the watershed are chosen. It is found that the Maner (1958) model, which uses the relief-length ratio, is the better model of the two. We believe that this empirical research improves our understanding of the sediment delivery process occurring in the study area. 1 Introduction Hsinchu County (Fig. 1). The watershed is mostly covered by forest with an area of 759.53 km2, and the elevation In recent years, soil erosion has become one of the most ranges from 220 m to 3527 m. serious environmental issues in the world due to climate Shihmen reservoir watershed receives an average of change. The determination of the amount of loose 2200 mm to 2800 mm of precipitation annually, delivered sediments in an area such as a watershed is an important by typhoons and rainstorms typically from May to August first step to understand the problem. -
Wetland and Waterbird Heritage of Gujarat- an Illustrated Directory
Wetland and Waterbird Heritage of Gujarat- An Illustrated Directory (An Outcome of the Project “Wetland & Waterbirds of Gujarat – A Status Report of Wetlands and Waterbirds of Gujarat State including a Wetland Directory”) Final Report Submitted by Dr. Ketan Tatu, Principal Investigator (Ahmedabad) Submitted to Training and Research Circle Gujarat State Forest Department, Gandhinagar December 2012 Wetland and Waterbird Heritage of Gujarat- An Illustrated Directory (An Outcome of the Project “Wetland & Waterbirds of Gujarat – A Status Report of Wetlands and Waterbirds of Gujarat State including a Wetland Directory”) Final Report Submitted by Dr. Ketan Tatu Principal Investigator Ahmedabad Submitted to Training and Research Circle (TRC) Gujarat State Forest Department Gandhinagar December 2012 Sponsored by Training and Research Circle, Gujarat State Forest Department Gandhinagar Acknowledgements I express my sincere thankfulness and profound gratitude to Dr. H. S. Singh, currently an Addl. PCCF, Gujarat Forest Dept. and then Director, Gujarat Forest Research Institute, Gandhinagar, who gave me the opportunity and help to carry out the present study. Without the kind support and advice rendered by Dr. B. H. Patel, IFS, Dy. CF (Research), Gujarat Forest Research Institute, Gandhinagar, regarding the essential formalities this work would not have been completed. I am also thankful to Shri R. N. Tripathi, the then Director, Gujarat Forest Research Institute, Gandhinagar for supporting this work and giving me necessary extension for completion of this work. I also extend my thanks to Shri D. S. Narve, CCF and Director, Gujarat Forest Research Institute, Gandhinagar for being patient and supportive in the last phase of the study. I am highly indebted to Shri B. -
Remote Sensing and GIS Based Extensive Morphotectonic Analysis of Tapti River Basin, Peninsular India Shubhendu Shekhar*1, Y.K
Volume 65, Issue 3, 2021 Journal of Scientific Research Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Remote Sensing and GIS Based Extensive Morphotectonic Analysis of Tapti River Basin, Peninsular India Shubhendu Shekhar*1, Y.K. Mawale2, P. M. Giri2, R. S. Jaipurkar3, and Neelratan Singh4 1Department of Geology, Center for Advanced Studies, University of Delhi, India. [email protected]* 2Department of Geology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, India. [email protected], [email protected] 3Administrative Building, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, India. [email protected] 4Geochronology Group, Inter-University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi. India. [email protected] Abstract: The present study on Morphotectonics of the Tapti basin susceptible parameter which controls the river courses (Miller, using remote sensing (RS) data and Geographic Information 1953; Altaf et al. 2013). The formations of landforms are the System (GIS) technique is an important input in deciphering the manifestation of the controls of tectonics which are lead by the association between drainage morphometry and tectonics of the processes of weathering and erosion (Singh and Singh, 2011; area. The basic structural elements like the established faults and Thomas et al. 2012). other linear features of the study area were identified on the digitally processed remote sensing data and drainage pattern/morphometry Remote Sensing technology is an important input in was derived from the available Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, deciphering the relationship between drainage morphometry and Digital Elevation Model (SRTM DEM) (90m) data. The various tectonics of the area (Altaf et al. 2013). GIS techniques provide morphometric characters of the Tapti river basin were studied in an analytical tool for quantitative analysis in such studies (Cholke, detail. -
District Census Handbook, Bhavnagar, Part XIII-A & B, Series-5
CENSUS 1981 PARTS XIII-A & B TOWN & VILLAGE DIRECTORY VILLAGE & TOWNWISE SERIES-5 PRIMARY CENSUS GUJARAT ABSTRACT BHAVNAGAR DISTRICT DISTRICT' CENSUS HANDBOOK R. S. CHHAYA of the Indian Administrative Servico Director of Census Operations Gujara,t CENSUS OF INDIA 1981 LIST OF PROPOSED PUBLICATIONS Central Government Publications Census of India, 1981 Series 5-Gujarat is being published in the following parts Part Subject Covered Number :I-A Administration Report-Enumeration I-B Administration Report-Tabulation II-A General PopUlation Tables ·II-B General Population Tables - Primary Census Abstract III-A General Economic Tables - B-Series (Tables B-1 to B-lO) III-B General Economic Tables - B-Series (Tables B-11 to B-22) IV-A Social and Cultural Tables - C-Series (Tables C-l to C-6) IV-B Social and Cultural Tables - C-Series (Tables C-7 to C-IO) V-A Migration Tables - D-Series (Tables D-l to D-4) V-B Migration Tables - D-Series (Tables D-5 to D-13) VI-A Fertility Tables - F-Series (Tables F-I to F-19) VI-B Fertility Tables - F-Series (Tables F-20 to F-28) ·VII Tables on Houses and Disabled Population VIII-A Household Tables (Tables HH-l to HH-16) VUI-B Household Tables (Tables HH-17) VIII-C 'Report on Households IX Special Tables on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes X-A Town Directory X-B Survey Reports on Selected Towns X-C Survey Reports on Selected Villages XI Ethnographic Notes and Special Studies on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribe! XII Census Atlas DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOKS XIII-A Village and Town Directory XIII-B Village and Townwise Primary Census Abstract * Published t Under Print Note: (I) All the maps included in this publication are based upon Surveyo.· f India map with the permission of the Surveyor. -
Fluvial Geomorphology Analysis of the Kiamichi River, Oklahoma
W 2800.7 F293 no. T-l9-P-l 6/04-6/06 c.l FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY ANALYSIS OF THE KIAMICIll RIVER, OKLAHOMA OKLAHOMA DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE CONSERVATION' JUNE 1,2004 through JUNE 30, 2006 A comprehensive geomorphic analysis of the Kiamichi River, Oklahoma was conducted to characterize the current landscape, fluvial geomorphic condition, flow and sediment regimes, and to identify potential impacts from the impoundment of the Jackfork Creek tributary to the morphological form and function of the river. The Kiamichi River channel has changed little over the last 25 years. It was classified as a Rosgen F type stream and had a basin relief ratio of 0.00345. The Kiamichi River Basin is classified as a Rosgen X type valley. Meander wavelength increased significantly in the downstream direction; the average reach meander wavelength ranged from 11 to 60 mean reach bankfull widths. Bankfull width, bankfull area, width:depth ratio, and channel stability increased in the downstream direction. Although there was no significant change in substrate size longitudinally, the percentage of gravel and cobble substrate increased and the percentage of bedrock decreased in the downstream direction. Bankfull discharge increased in the downstream direction, as expected. The majority of sites sampled were classified as Rosgen F4 stream types. The effective discharge (Qe) at the Big Cedar gaging station was estimated to be 4500 cubic feet per second (cfs) with a threshold discharge (Qt) of 0.1 cfs. The Antlers gaging station Qe was estimated to be 25,000 cfs with a Qt of 3.5 cfs. Deposition bar area below the Jackfork Creek tributary has increased over time. -
Progress in the Application of Landform Analysis in Studies of Semiarid Erosion
Progress in the Application of Landform Analysis in Studies of Semiarid Erosion GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 437 Progress in the Application of Landform Analysis in Studies of Semiarid Erosion By S. A. Schumm and R. F. Hadley GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 437 Washington 1961 United States Department of the Interior STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary Geological Survey William T. Pecora, Director First printing 1961 Second printing 1 967 Free on application to the U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. 20242 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract _____________________________ 1 Drainage -basin components-Continued Introduction__________________________ 1 Hill slopes-Continued The drainage basin as a unit ________ 2 'Form__ __________.-__----__ - 7 Relative relief and sediment yield ____ 2 Aspect--________-_---------__-__ 7 Drainage density and mean annual Stream channels ___________________ 8 runoff __________________ _______ 2 Discontinuous gullies_____________ 8 Drainage area and sediment yield ____ 3 Aggradation _____________________ 12 Drainage-basin components____________ 7 Channel shape ___________________ 12 Hill slopes_________________________ 7 References__-_-_____-_ ____________ 13 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1. Relation of mean annual sediment yield to relief ratio_--_-_____--_--------___- 3 2. Relation of mean annual sediment yield to relief ratio for 14 small drainage basins __________________________________________________________________ 4 3. Relation of mean annual runoff to drainage density.___________________________ 5 4. Relation of mean annual sediment yield to drainage area ______________________ 6 5.. Diagram of typical seepage step ________-__________-___-_-_-_---------_-.---- 8 6. Rose diagram showing relation of slope aspect to steepness of slope ____________ 9 7. Drainage nets of six selected basins ________________-_________-----_-------- 10 8. -
DRAINAGE BASIN MORPHOLOGY Morphometric Analysis Is Defined As
C H A P T E R 3 DRAINAGE BASIN MORPHOLOGY 3.1 Introduction Morphometric analysis is defined as the numerical systematization of landform elements measured from topographic maps and provides real basis of quantitative Geomorphology {Pal,1972). The major aspects examined are the area,relief,slope,profile and texture of the land as well as the varied characteristics of rivers and drainage basin {Clarke, 1966). For the Ghataprabha basin, the morphometric analysis has been undertaken by employing various methods used in the quantitative and qualitative analysis of landforms with the help of toposheet maps (Scale 1:50,000 and 1:250,000). These studies offer a clue to the interpretation of evolution of the landforms and their development through the ages. Such studies have relevance in prehistoric investigations as they help in the reconstruction of terrain types which were of significance to prehistoric communities and thereby for understanding the man-land relationships during prehistoric times. 3.2 Relief Morphology As the important aspects of landforms, relief and slope offer a clue to the interpretation of the evolution of landforms and their development. Normally, both the aspects are cumulative effects of several factors acting with different intensities at varying periods. Both these morphological aspects seem to be interdependent. Spatially, the parameters express variation due to differences in lithology, structure, drainage and altitude in the basin. 3.2.1 Absolute Relief The spatial distribution of absolute relief in the Ghataprabha basin is asymmetric The elevation range is significant from west to east. The western part of the basin has an average altitude of more than 800 in while in the eastern part it ranges between 500 - 800 m (Fig.