DOCSLIB.ORG

Realization and Characterization of Two Unconventional Ultracold Mixtures

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Realization and Characterization of Two Unconventional Ultracold Mixtures Realization and characterization of two unconventional ultracold mixtures DISSERTATION by Slava M. Tzanova, MSc. submitted to the Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Physics of the University of Innsbruck, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Innsbruck, June 2020 Advisor: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Rudolf Grimm Co-advisor: Prof. Dr. Florian E. Schreck Introduction This thesis describes the realization and characterization of the ultracold mixtures Sr-Rb and Dy-K as novel platforms for analogue quantum simulation. The solution of challenging questions in modern physics often relies on a better understanding of collective quantum behavior. Real-world quantum systems and in particular strongly correlated systems are difficult to simulate with a classical computer, yet many of them can be investigated with ultracold quantum gases. At temperatures close to absolute zero the quantum nature of matter becomes important in the atomic clouds. These well-controlled quantum systems can be used to simulate and thus understand other quantum systems and test analytical and numerical theoretical predictions. This thesis presents two complex systems, Sr-Rb and Dy-K. Each of the experiments is breaking new ground in heteronuclear molecules and mass-imbalanced Fermi-Fermi mixtures, respectively. We expand the realm of experimental ultracold research by mixing alkali atoms with alkaline-earth or lanthanide elements. The RbSr molecules are open-shell polar mol- ecules. They have an electric and a magnetic dipole moment and are therefore well suited for quantum simulation. The Dy-K ultracold mixture offers isotopic diversity and is conve- niently imbalanced in mass and optical polarizability for the targeted strongly interacting fermionic mixture experiments. Moreover, dysprosium is a magnetic atom, which brings anisotropic properties to the system and allows for various research directions. My contributions to both experiments are to the experimental preparation and to the char- acterization of the properties of the novel mixtures. In the Sr-Rb experiment I contributed to the realization of a double BEC and to the initial photoassociation investigations of the RbSr molecular potential. Both experimental objectives were published. The Dy-K exper- imental apparatus was designed and constructed from scratch in the course of my thesis. My contributions to the experimental setup have the stability as well as the flexibility of the experiment in mind. After setting up the apparatus, I took part in the initial measurements with thermal samples of Dy-K for the determination of the dysprosium polarizability and later on investigated the elastic and inelastic interaction of a Bose-Fermi Dy-K mixture. Both subjects are necessary findings towards the investigation of strongly interacting Fermi-Fermi mixtures. This thesis is structured in three parts. The first part introduces the field of ultracold atoms and deals with the similarities between both unconventional mixtures. The second part is dedicated to the Sr-Rb experiment and my contributions towards the formation of RbSr open-shell molecules. The third part presents the novel Dy-K experimental apparatus and the first measurements characterizing the properties of this species mixture. Iwilluse the opportunity of reporting on two different mixtures of ultracold gases to highlight the experimental perspectives in this research field. The preparation, manipulation, control and detection of quantum systems are the basic building blocks of quantum simulation. It is important to continue developing the experimental platforms and widen the horizon of available quantum systems for quantum simulations. Contents Introduction 2 I. New platforms for quantum simulation6 1. Quantum simulation with ultracold mixtures8 1.1. Quantum simulation................................8 1.2. Ultracold mixtures................................. 10 1.2.1. Historical perspective........................... 10 1.2.2. Research line: Polar molecules...................... 13 1.2.3. Research line: Fermi-Fermi systems................... 15 2. Experimental realization of quantum systems with ultracold atoms 17 2.1. Ultracold neutral atoms.............................. 17 2.2. Interactions between ultracold atoms....................... 18 2.2.1. s-wave scattering length a ......................... 19 2.2.2. Dipole-dipole interactions......................... 19 2.2.3. Feshbach resonance............................. 20 2.2.4. Atom loss and inelastic collisions..................... 21 2.3. Making and probing ultracold atomic gases................... 22 2.3.1. Laser cooling................................ 22 2.3.2. Narrow lines are cooler........................... 25 2.3.3. Optical trapping.............................. 27 2.3.4. Detection.................................. 30 3. Outlook on the mixtures in this thesis 33 3.1. RbSr open-shell polar molecules.......................... 33 3.1.1. Two-dimensional lattice-spin models................... 33 3.1.2. Interaction tuning in open-shell molecules................ 34 3.2. Dy-K quantum mixtures.............................. 35 3.2.1. Mass-imbalanced Fermi-Fermi....................... 35 3.2.2. Dipolar fermionic systems......................... 37 3.2.3. Dy-K in an optical lattice......................... 38 II. Sr-Rb mixtures 39 4. Properties of Sr and Rb 41 4.1. Why Sr?....................................... 41 4.2. Why Rb?...................................... 43 4.3. Sr-Rb interactions................................. 44 3 5. Sr-Rb machine 46 5.1. Vacuum setup and precooling........................... 46 5.2. Magnetic field coils and control.......................... 49 5.3. Laser systems.................................... 50 5.3.1. Rb lasers.................................. 50 5.3.2. Sr lasers................................... 50 5.3.3. TA comb for spectroscopy......................... 51 5.3.4. Infrared and green optical traps...................... 52 5.4. Loading into traps................................. 52 6. Publication: Quantum degenerate mixtures of strontium and rubidium atoms 53 6.1. Introduction..................................... 54 6.2. Overview of the experimental strategy...................... 55 6.3. Preparation of an ultracold sample of rubidium and strontium......... 55 6.4. Sympathetic narrow-line laser cooling...................... 57 6.5. Evaporation to alkali/alkaline-earth double BECs................ 60 6.5.1. 88Sr-87Rb double BEC........................... 61 6.5.2. 84Sr-87Rb double BEC........................... 61 6.6. Conclusion and outlook.............................. 64 7. Experimental steps towards ground-state RbSr molecules 66 7.1. Photoassociation spectroscopy........................... 66 7.2. Molecule creation.................................. 69 7.3. Conclusion on the Sr-Rb results.......................... 71 III. Dy-K mixtures 73 8. Properties of Dy and K 75 8.1. Why Dy?...................................... 75 8.2. Why K?....................................... 77 8.3. Dy-K interactions.................................. 78 9. Dy-K machine 81 9.1. Design of the experimental setup......................... 81 9.1.1. Main chamber............................... 83 9.1.2. Stability................................... 85 9.1.3. Control................................... 86 9.2. Cold atomic beams: 2D MOT and Zeeman slower................ 87 9.2.1. Potassium 2D MOT design........................ 87 9.2.2. Dy cold-atom–source............................ 90 9.3. Main coils...................................... 94 9.4. Resonant laser systems............................... 101 9.4.1. K lasers................................... 101 9.4.2. Dy lasers.................................. 103 9.5. Experimental outlook............................... 107 9.5.1. Trapping beams and geometry...................... 107 9.5.2. High-resolution imaging.......................... 108 9.5.3. Future Science Cell............................. 108 10.Experimental results 109 10.1. MOTs........................................ 109 10.1.1. Potassium MOT.............................. 110 10.1.2. Dysprosium MOT............................. 113 10.2. Optical dipole traps................................ 117 10.2.1. Loading of ODTs.............................. 118 10.2.2. Determination of Dy polarizability (Publication)............ 120 10.3. 162Dy -40K interactions............................... 121 10.3.1. Feshbach scans............................... 121 10.3.2. 162Dy-40K two-body collisions and thermalization............ 124 10.3.3. Three-body loss in 162Dy-40K....................... 132 Appendices 139 A. Publication: Tapered amplifier laser with frequency-shifted feedback 139 A.1. Introduction..................................... 140 A.2. Experimental setup................................. 140 A.3. Properties of the laser............................... 142 A.3.1. Broadband modeless laser......................... 142 A.3.2. Externally seeded laser........................... 143 A.4. Conclusion and outlook.............................. 146 B. 421 nm laser system for Dy 147 B.1. Laser source..................................... 147 B.2. Laser stabilization................................. 149 C. Overlap density 151 Bibliography 153 Acknowledgments 171 Part I. New platforms for quantum simulation 6 Ultracold mixtures of quantum gases are a unique testbed for fundamental physics. Di- lute atomic samples are prepared by means of laser light and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Probing an Ultracold-Atom Crystal with Matter Waves
    Probing an Ultracold-Atom Crystal with Matter Waves Bryce Gadway, Daniel Pertot, Jeremy Reeves, and Dominik Schneble Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA (Dated: October 27, 2018) Abstract Atomic quantum gases in optical lattices serve as a versatile testbed for important concepts of modern condensed-matter physics. The availability of methods to charac- terize strongly correlated phases is crucial for the study of these systems. Diffraction techniques to reveal long-range spatial structure, which may complement in situ de- tection methods, have been largely unexplored. Here we experimentally demonstrate that Bragg diffraction of neutral atoms can be used for this purpose. Using a one- dimensional Bose gas as a source of matter waves, we are able to infer the spatial ordering and on-site localization of atoms confined to an optical lattice. We also study the suppression of inelastic scattering between incident matter waves and the lattice-trapped atoms, occurring for increased lattice depth. Furthermore, we use atomic de Broglie waves to detect forced antiferromagnetic ordering in an atomic spin mixture, demonstrating the suitability of our method for the non-destructive detection of spin-ordered phases in strongly correlated atomic gases. arXiv:1104.2564v2 [cond-mat.quant-gas] 20 Feb 2012 1 The diffraction of electron and neutron matter waves from crystalline structures is a stan- dard tool in crystallography, complementing x-ray techniques [1]. The advent of quantum gases in optical lattices has introduced a new class of highly controllable systems that mimic the physics of solids at lattice constants that are three orders of magnitude larger [2], and it appears natural to ask about a possible role for atomic matter-wave diffraction in the characterization of these systems [3, 4].
    [Show full text]
  • A Scanning Transmon Qubit for Strong Coupling Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics
    ARTICLE Received 8 Mar 2013 | Accepted 10 May 2013 | Published 7 Jun 2013 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2991 A scanning transmon qubit for strong coupling circuit quantum electrodynamics W. E. Shanks1, D. L. Underwood1 & A. A. Houck1 Like a quantum computer designed for a particular class of problems, a quantum simulator enables quantitative modelling of quantum systems that is computationally intractable with a classical computer. Superconducting circuits have recently been investigated as an alternative system in which microwave photons confined to a lattice of coupled resonators act as the particles under study, with qubits coupled to the resonators producing effective photon–photon interactions. Such a system promises insight into the non-equilibrium physics of interacting bosons, but new tools are needed to understand this complex behaviour. Here we demonstrate the operation of a scanning transmon qubit and propose its use as a local probe of photon number within a superconducting resonator lattice. We map the coupling strength of the qubit to a resonator on a separate chip and show that the system reaches the strong coupling regime over a wide scanning area. 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Olden Street, Princeton 08550, New Jersey, USA. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to W.E.S. (email: [email protected]). NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 4:1991 | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2991 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 & 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2991 ver the past decade, the study of quantum physics using In this work, we describe a scanning superconducting superconducting circuits has seen rapid advances in qubit and demonstrate its coupling to a superconducting CPWR Osample design and measurement techniques1–3.
    [Show full text]
  • Redefining Metrics in Near-Term Devices for Quantum Information
    Mo01 Redefining metrics in near-term devices for quantum information processing Antonio C´orcoles IBM E-mail: [email protected] The outstanding progress in experimental quantum computing over the last couple of decades has pushed multi-qubit gate error rates in some platforms well below 1%. How- ever, as the systems have grown in size and complexity so has the richness of the inter- actions within them, making the meaning of gate fidelity fade when taken isolated from its environment. In this talk I will discuss this topic and offer alternatives to benchmark the performance of small quantum processors for near-term applications. Mo02 Efficient simulation of quantum error correction under coherent error based on non-unitary free-fermionic formalism Yasunari Suzuki1,2, Keisuke Fujii3,4, and Masato Koashi1,2 1Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan 2Photon Science Center, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan 3 Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan 4JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan In order to realize fault-tolerant quantum computation, tight evaluation of error threshold under practical noise models is essential. While non-Clifford noise is ubiquitous in experiments, the error threshold under non-Clifford noise cannot be efficiently treated with known approaches. We construct an efficient scheme for estimating the error threshold of one-dimensional quantum repetition code under non-Clifford noise[1].
    [Show full text]
  • Advances in Atomtronics
    entropy Review Advances in Atomtronics Ron A. Pepino Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics Florida Southern College, Lakeland, FL 33801, USA; rpepino@flsouthern.edu Abstract: Atomtronics is a relatively new subfield of atomic physics that aims to realize the device behavior of electronic components in ultracold atom-optical systems. The fact that these systems are coherent makes them particularly interesting since, in addition to current, one can impart quantum states onto the current carriers themselves or perhaps perform quantum computational operations on them. After reviewing the fundamental ideas of this subfield, we report on the theoretical and experimental progress made towards developing externally-driven and closed loop devices. The functionality and potential applications for these atom analogs to electronic and spintronic systems is also discussed. Keywords: atomtronics; open quantum systems; Bose–Einstein condensates; quantum simulation; quantum sensing PACS: 01.30.Rr; 03.65.Yz; 03.67.-a; 03.75.Kk; 03.75.Lm; 05.70.Ln; 06.20.-f 1. Introduction Quantum simulation has become a major research effort in atomic physics over the last three decades. Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) have been generated, trapped, and manipulated in countless experiments, and the introduction of optical lattices has allowed Citation: Pepino, R.A. Advances in for the experimental realization of condensed matter phenomena such as the Mott insular Atomtronics. Entropy 2021, 23, 534. to superfluid phase transition and the Hofstadter butterfly [1,2]. As optical techniques https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050534 have improved, it has become possible to produce not only honeycomb [3] and Kagomé lattices [4], but custom optical lattices using holographic masks [5].
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Methods of Ultracold Atomic Physics
    To protect the rights of the author(s) and publisher we inform you that this PDF is an uncorrected proof for internal business use only by the author(s), editor(s), reviewer(s), Elsevier and typesetter diacriTech. It is not allowed to publish this proof online or in print. This proof copy is the copyright property of the publisher and is confidential until formal publication. Levin 06-ch01-001-026-9780444538574 2012/5/9 2:14 Page 1 #1 Chapter 1 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS OF ULTRACOLD ATOMIC PHYSICS Dan M. Stamper-Kurna,b and J. H. Thywissenc,d aDepartment of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 bMaterials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 cDepartment of Physics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7 d Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Z8 The broad appeal of research on quantum gases relies on the universality of many-body quantum physics. For example, regardless of whether it is constructed using electrons (as in superconductors), neutrons (as in neutron stars), or neutral atoms of different hyperfine spin (as in ultracold lithium gases), a system of strongly interacting mobile fermions will show the same phenomenology. Similarly, nonlinear and quantum optics can be treated in a common theoretical scheme, regardless of whether the bosonic fields under investiga- tion correspond to massless photons or massive rubidium atoms. Such universality allows ultracold atomic physics to contribute significantly to fields as diverse as condensed mat- ter physics, high energy astrophysics, and quantum optics. As such, the collection of works within this book is meant to bridge the gap between practitioners of these diverse fields so as to make the exchange among them more productive.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantum Physics in Space
    Quantum Physics in Space Alessio Belenchiaa,b,∗∗, Matteo Carlessob,c,d,∗∗, Omer¨ Bayraktare,f, Daniele Dequalg, Ivan Derkachh, Giulio Gasbarrii,j, Waldemar Herrk,l, Ying Lia Lim, Markus Rademacherm, Jasminder Sidhun, Daniel KL Oin, Stephan T. Seidelo, Rainer Kaltenbaekp,q, Christoph Marquardte,f, Hendrik Ulbrichtj, Vladyslav C. Usenkoh, Lisa W¨ornerr,s, Andr´eXuerebt, Mauro Paternostrob, Angelo Bassic,d,∗ aInstitut f¨urTheoretische Physik, Eberhard-Karls-Universit¨atT¨ubingen, 72076 T¨ubingen,Germany bCentre for Theoretical Atomic,Molecular, and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom cDepartment of Physics,University of Trieste, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste,Italy dIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trieste Section, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy eMax Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany fInstitute of Optics, Information and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N¨urnberg, Staudtstraße 7 B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany gScientific Research Unit, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Matera, Italy hDepartment of Optics, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50,772 07 Olomouc,Czech Republic iF´ısica Te`orica: Informaci´oi Fen`omensQu`antics,Department de F´ısica, Universitat Aut`onomade Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain jDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom kDeutsches Zentrum f¨urLuft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR), Institut f¨urSatellitengeod¨asieund
    [Show full text]
  • Quantum Simulation of Topological Models with Ultracold Atoms
    Quantum simulation of topological models with ultracold atoms Gerardo Garc´ıaMoreno Supervisor: Alejandro G´onzalezTudela December 17, 2019 1 Introduction with this in order to exploit all the potential of quan- tum technologies. A proposal for circumventing this It is clear that we are living the so-called second quan- difficulty is topological quantum computation, a pro- tum revolution, or in other words, the era of quantum posal based on storing the quantum information on technologies. Concepts like quantum supremacy [1], non-local properties of the quantum system. In this the ability of quantum computers to perform tasks way, because of the local nature of the noise induced more efficiently than classical computers, are, nowa- by the environment, the information is stored in a days, trending topics in the community. Moreover, robust way. The archetypical example of quantum technologically, it is expected that the growth in the system with topological order that could be used for efficiency of classical computers will stop within the this purpose is the toric code introduced by Kitaev following years due to fundamental limitations com- [3]. The experimental challenge of such model, how- ing from physical principles. Thus, it seems clear ever, stems from the design of the four-body inter- that, in order to solve certain computational prob- actions required which does not typically appear in lems, quantum technologies will be needed. In par- natural systems. ticular, one of these computational problems hard to calculate classically is the simulation of quantum Nanophotonic crystals are dielectric media with a many-body physics. For such purpose, Feynman en- periodic refractive index, what makes the photons visioned [2] quantum simulators, that are, quantum see an effective lattice that modifies their dispersion computers that are able to solve just one specific type relation.
    [Show full text]
  • Atoms and Molecules: Assessment and Perspective
    CondensedCondensed--mattermatter physics with ultracold atoms and molecules: assessment and perspective Dan Stamper-Stamper-KurnKurn UC Berkeley, Physics Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Sciences a humble assessment of >15 years of studying CM physics with ultracold atoms Are we pushing the boundaries of what is possible? Creating model systems and controlling quantum matter • cavity optomechanics Are we discovering? Creating/discovering novel materials; addressing the “quantum many-body physics problem” • resonant Ferm i gases Novel many-body quantum physics far from equilibrium • quantum quenches Are we producing technological and economic benefit? Ultracold-atom magnetometers structural matters Growth and saturation? Fun ding for an inter disc ip linary fie ld Training for an interdisciplinary field Physicists are control freaks Superconducting electronics Mesoscopic electronics “qubit” “artificial atom” reservoir of mobile electrons Schoelkopf, Mooij, Martinis = “artificial metal” Goldhaber-Gordon Quantum dots Exhibit/study/test physical principles most directly Frontiers are good place to make discoveries 5 nm Awschalom −20 Z 10 m LIGO: Laser Interferometer peak sensitivity: Gravitational-wave Observatory fractional expansion (strain) of ~ 10-23 in 1 s The scientific challenge: extremely sensitive position (force) detection One paradigm for cavity opto-opto-mechanicsmechanics L Detection Zff φ = hκ Z force per photon: H =++HHH − Zf n hc osc cav in/ out f = λL Cavity frequency shift due to Optical force on oscillator
    [Show full text]
  • Holographic Optical Traps for Atom-Based Topological Kondo Devices
    Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience Holographic optical traps for atom-based topological Kondo devices This content has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text. 2016 New J. Phys. 18 075012 (http://iopscience.iop.org/1367-2630/18/7/075012) View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more Download details: IP Address: 147.122.97.181 This content was downloaded on 07/03/2017 at 12:28 Please note that terms and conditions apply. You may also be interested in: Implementing quantum electrodynamics with ultracold atomic systems V Kasper, F Hebenstreit, F Jendrzejewski et al. Degenerate quantum gases with spin–orbit coupling: a review Hui Zhai Bosonizing one-dimensional cold atomic gases M A Cazalilla Hydrodynamics of local excitations after an interaction quench in 1D cold atomic gases Fabio Franchini, Manas Kulkarni and Andrea Trombettoni Light-induced gauge fields for ultracold atoms N Goldman, G Juzelinas, P Öhberg et al. Cold Fermi gases: a new perspective on spin-charge separation Corinna Kollath and Ulrich Schollwöck Quantum impurities: from mobile Josephson junctions to depletons Michael Schecter, Dimitri M Gangardt and Alex Kamenev Fermi 1D quantum gas: Luttinger liquid approach and spin–charge separation A Recati, P O Fedichev, W Zwerger et al. Recent developments in quantum Monte Carlo simulations with applications for cold gases Lode Pollet New J. Phys. 18 (2016) 075012 doi:10.1088/1367-2630/18/7/075012 PAPER Holographic optical traps for
    [Show full text]
  • The Bose-Einstein Condensate and Cold Atom Laboratory
    Frye et al. RESEARCH The Bose-Einstein Condensate and Cold Atom Laboratory Kai Frye1*, Sven Abend1, Wolfgang Bartosch1, Ahmad Bawamia2, Dennis Becker1, Holger Blume3, Claus Braxmaier4,5, Sheng-Wey Chiow6, Maxim A. Efremov7,8, Wolfgang Ertmer1, Peter Fierlinger9, Naceur Gaaloul1, Jens Grosse4,5, Christoph Grzeschik10, Ortwin Hellmig11, Victoria A. Henderson2,10, Waldemar Herr1, Ulf Israelsson6, James Kohel6, Markus Krutzik2,10, Christian K¨urbis2, Claus L¨ammerzahl4, Meike List12, Daniel L¨udtke13, Nathan Lundblad14, J. Pierre Marburger15, Matthias Meister7, Moritz Mihm15, Holger M¨uller16, Hauke M¨untinga4, Tim Oberschulte3, Alexandros Papakonstantinou1, Jaka Perov˘sek4,5, Achim Peters2,10, Arnau Prat13, Ernst M. Rasel1, Albert Roura8, Wolfgang P. Schleich7,8,17, Christian Schubert1, Stephan T. Seidel1,18, Jan Sommer13, Christian Spindeldreier3, Dan Stamper-Kurn16, Benjamin K. Stuhl19, Marvin Warner4,5, Thijs Wendrich1, Andr´eWenzlawski15, Andreas Wicht2, Patrick Windpassinger15, Nan Yu6 and Lisa W¨orner4,5 *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract 1 Institut f¨urQuantenoptik, Leibniz Universit¨atHannover, Microgravity eases several constraints limiting experiments with ultracold and Welfengarten 1, D-30167 condensed atoms on ground. It enables extended times of flight without Hannover, Germany suspension and eliminates the gravitational sag for trapped atoms. These Full list of author information is available at the end of the article advantages motivated numerous initiatives to adapt and operate experimental setups on microgravity
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of Techniques to Prepare and Probe at Single Atom Resolution Strongly Interacting Quantum Systems of Ultracold Atoms
    The development of techniques to prepare and probe at single atom resolution strongly interacting quantum systems of ultracold atoms Martin David Shotter A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford Christ Church University of Oxford Trinity Term 2009 Abstract The development of techniques to prepare and probe at single atom resolution strongly interacting quantum systems of ultracold atoms Martin David Shotter, Christ Church, Oxford University DPhil Thesis, Trinity Term 2009 Strongly interacting many-body quantum dynamics are inherently extremely complex. This makes strongly interacting quantum systems very hard to simulate, pre- dict or understand. In certain circumstances, strongly interacting quantum dynamics may be observed in samples of ultracold atoms. Ultracold atomic systems have unique advantages for the investigation of such dynamics: further to the long coherence times and extremely low temperatures, there is the potential to have a great deal of control over the basic quantum processes. This suggests the possibility using systems of ul- tracold atoms as a quantum simulator, in which the quantum dynamics of one system is simulated by an experiment on a different system, the quantum simulator. Quantum simulation is a part of the emerging field of quantum information processing. Up to the present time, observation of strongly interacting quantum states of ul- tracold atoms has been almost entirely limited to time-of-flight imaging of many thou- sands of atoms. Although one can learn much about the overall nature of the quantum states by this method, detail at the level of individual atoms is lost.
    [Show full text]
  • 3.1 Rydberg Atoms
    Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs Cold atoms for deterministic quantum computation with one qubit Thesis How to cite: Mansell, Christopher William (2014). Cold atoms for deterministic quantum computation with one qubit. PhD thesis The Open University. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2014 Christopher William Mansell https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21954/ou.ro.0000f83b Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk UMR6STMCTGP Cold Atoms for Deterministic Quantum Computation with One Qubit Christopher William Mansell Department of Physical Sciences The Open University A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor o f Philosophy August 2014 Date oj 5uJorwl5<5V/Oi'vv tp 2°1^ Dafe fXwardi 23 October 201*+ ProQuest Number: 13889386 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13889386 Published by ProQuest LLC(2019). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC.
    [Show full text]