Su

Summary sighted), hearing impairment (including those who are profoundly deaf and hard of hearing)  The percentage of those over 16 and and dual sensory impairment (deafblindness). claiming Disability Living Allowance (DLA) ( any disabling condition) Sensory impairments may, like physical has increased from 5.96 % in 2007 to impairments, be congenital or acquired at any 7.30 % in 2012 on the Isle of Wight, age. They are more prevalent with age as are whilst the England rate has also additional sensory or other impairments. Most increased from 5.10 % in 2007 to 6.89 sensory impairments develop gradually and % in 2012. Both these increases are are often secondary to other disabilities (RNIB, 2012). statistically significant as is the difference between the Island and Defining disability is complex. The Disability England. Discrimination Act 1995 defines disability as  The Isle of Wight has statistically an impairment, which has a substantial long- significantly higher (worse) rates than term adverse effect, on a person’s ability to the England average and all of the carry out normal day-to-day activities Office for National Statistics (ONS) (Department of Work and Pensions, 2011). comparator areas for those registered To “qualify" as disabled, under the Disability hard of hearing. Discrimination Act, an individual must satisfy  The Isle of Wight is statistically three conditions: significantly worse than the England

average for preventable sight loss  The impairment’s adverse effect is certifications. substantial  The impairment’s effect is long-term Background  The impairment adversely affects the This fact sheet considers Physical and person’s ability to carry out normal Sensory Impairment (PSI). day-to-day activities (Department of Work and Pensions, 2011). The term ‘physical impairment’ refers to one The social model of disability makes the or more conditions which affect someone’s important distinction between ‘impairment’ ability to carry out daily living activities. These and ‘disability’. It argues that barriers or impairments may be congenital or acquired at elements of ‘social organisation’, that take any age, be temporary, long-term, or little or no account of people who have fluctuating. People with physical impairments impairments, cause disability (SCOPE, 2013). often have unique & multi-dimensional requirements. They require tailored services The level of population need to address their needs in a person-centred approach. General Impairment and Disability The term ‘sensory impairment’ encompasses In 2012 it was estimated that the Isle of Wight visual impairment (including blind and partially had 6678 people aged between 18 and 64

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with a moderate or serious disability, the Figure 2: greatest number of these were aged 55 or Trends in Disability Living Allowance for under 16s: Isle of over (43% of total). This figure is predicted to Wight 2007-2012 rise by 2.5 % to 6848 by 2020 (PANSI, 2013). 5.0 Isle of Wight England 4.5 Table 1: 4.0 3.5 3.0 Moderate or Serious physical disability: 18-64 year olds 2.5 Age Group 2012 2020 2.0 18-24 402 357 1.5

25-34 559 601 (%) Rate PrevalenceCrude 1.0 35-44 896 829 0.5 0.0 45-54 1930 1872 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 55-64 2891 3189 Sources: DWP, ONS Crown Copyright Total 6678 6848

Figure 1 shows the trend for Isle of Wight Visual Impairment residents aged 16 and over claiming DLA Blind between 2007 and 2012. The number of claimants has steadily risen increasing At 31 March 2011, 395 people were on the significantly from 6 % in 2007 to 7.3 % in blind register, an increase of 30 people (8.22 2012. The 2012 rate was statistically %) from March 2008. In 2011 there were 50 significantly higher (worse) than the England new additions to the register of blind people, a average of 6.9 %. fall of 9 % compared to 2008.

Figure 1: The discrepancy between those on the register and the number of new cases can be Trends in Disability Living Allowance Benefit Claimants aged 16 and over - Isle of Wight and England trend: 2007 to 2012 accounted for by migration to and from the Isle of Wight England

8 Island.

7

6 Figure 3 shows the proportion of people

5 registered blind as at March 2011 by Local

4 Authority. The Isle of Wight is not statistically Percentage 3 significantly different from the England 2 average, but has a statistically significantly 1 lower registration rate compared to 2 of its 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 comparator areas. Sources: DWP and ONS census population estimates Figure 3: Figure 2 shows the trend for DLA claimants Crude Rate per 1000 of Blind People Registered by Local Authority - under 16 between 2007 and 2012. In 2012, Isle of Wight and ONS Comparators: 31st March 2011 the crude rate was 4.1 per cent, statistically Blackpool significantly higher (worse) than the England Dorset average of 3.4 per cent. Although the number Torbay of persons aged under 16 has decreased (by Isle of Wight just over 6 per cent from 2001-2011) the Cumbria England number claiming DLA has continued to rise Cornwall and is statistically significantly higher (worse) Portsmouth than the 2007 rate of 3.2 per cent. Southampton

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 Crude rate per 1000

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NB It should be noted that registration is causes of preventable sight loss: glaucoma, voluntary and this may affect the accuracy of wet age-related macular degeneration and this analysis. diabetic retinopathy (UK Vision Strategy, 2013). Partially Sighted Tackling these three conditions is the primary On 31 March 2011 430 people were on the public health challenge in eye care. They are partially sighted register, a decrease of 40 the biggest causes of certifiable blindness in people (8.5 %) from March 2008. In 2011 England but with the right care, at the right there were 40 new additions to the partially time, in the right place, people can be treated sighted register, representing an increase of effectively and in many cases their sight 33.3 % compared to 2008. saved (UK Vision Strategy, 2013).

Again the discrepancy between those on the Figure 5 shows the crude rate for sight loss register and the number of new cases can be certifications that are considered preventable. accounted for by migration to and from the The Isle of Wight has a directly standardised Island. rate of 60 per 100,000 (2011/12) this is statistically significantly worse than the Figure 4 shows the proportion of people registered as partially sighted by Local England average which is 44.5 per 100,000 Authority. The Isle of Wight has a statistically (2011/12) but is not statistically significantly significantly lower registration rate compared different to its statistical neighbours. to 1 of its comparator areas but is not Figure 5: statistically significantly different from the England average. Sight Loss Certifications Considered Preventable per 100,000 population: Isle of Wight and ONS Statistical Neighbours: 2011/12 Figure 4: Southampton Dorset

Cumbria Crude Rate per 1000 of Partially Sighted People Registered by Authority - Isle of Wight and ONS Comparators: 31st March 2011 Isle of Wight Blackpool Blackpool Dorset Portsmouth Cumbria Hampshire Torbay England Isle of Wight Torbay Southampton Cornwall Cornwall 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Directly Standardised Rate per 100,000 England Portsmouth

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 Crude rate per 1000 Hearing Impairment Deaf NB It should be noted that registration is In 2012/13 there were 29 people registered voluntary and this may affect the accuracy of deaf on the Isle of Wight, this is a slight this analysis. increase from March 2010, when 25 people Preventable sight loss were registered; however due to the small number, this increase is not statistically The government will measure the rate of significant. preventable sight loss from 1 April 2013. It will do this by measuring the numbers of all The number of people registered deaf on the people who are certified sight impaired Isle of Wight has been verified by the local (partially sighted) or severely sight impaired branch of Action on Hearing Loss the new (blind) and the numbers of these who have name for Royal National Institute for the Deaf lost their sight from one of the three major (RNID). Action on Hearing Loss has also

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verified that those registered deaf (a voluntary Figure7: process) fairly represents the picture on the Rate per 1000 population of people hard of hearing registered by Authority -Isle of Wight Isle of Wight as the Island does not have a and ONS Comparators: 31st March 2010 large deaf community. Isle of Wight Dorset Figure 6 shows when comparing those Southampton Blackpool registered deaf on the Isle of Wight with its Portsmouth

ONS comparator areas, the Isle of Wight has Hampshire a statistically significantly lower (better) rate of Torbay deaf registrations than the England average England Cornwall and the majority of the comparator areas. 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 Crude rate per 1000 Sources: HSCIC, Adult Social Services Statistics. Notes: Denominator is 2011 Mid Year Estimates from Office for National Statistics Figure 6:

Crude rate per 1000 population of deaf people registered by Authority -Isle of NB For figure 7 the age standardised rate has Wight and ONS Comparators: 31st March 2010

Cornwall not been calculated therefore the higher crude

Dorset rate of those aged 75+ could be due to the Southampton higher than average population of 75+ on the England island. It also should be noted that registration Portsmouth is voluntary this therefore may affect the Hampshire

Torbay UA accuracy of any analysis.

Blackpool UA

Isle of Wight UA Summary

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 Rate per 1000 In 2012/13 those in the 18-64 age group Sources: HSCIC and ONS 2011 Census population estimates accounted for 51.7 per cent of those registered deaf and 70.8 per cent of those Hard of Hearing registered hard of hearing were in the 75 + In 2012/13 there were 1597 people registered age group. This shows that hearing loss is as hard of hearing (a term used to describe largely age related and that deafness can be people with mild to severe hearing loss, it is congenital or experienced at any age. also quite often use it to describe people who Learning Disabilities have lost their hearing gradually) this is a slight increase from March 2010 when1545 Below is a summary of learning disabilities as people were registered. this area is complex and will be covered in a dedicated factsheet. The local Action on Hearing Loss have stated that those registered hard of hearing on the A Learning disability includes the presence of: Island is an underestimation. Action on Hearing Loss stated that the figure is closer to A significantly reduced ability to understand 2500; this represents the number of clients new or complex information, to learn new either active or dormant who are hard of skills (impaired intelligence), with; hearing and use their equipment loan service, A reduced ability to cope independently but who have not necessarily registered as (impaired social functioning) which started hard of hearing. before adulthood, with a lasting effect on Figure 7 shows when comparing those development (Department of Work and registered hard of hearing, the Isle of Wight Pensions, 2013). has statistically significantly higher (worse) Table 2 below shows the numbers of people rates than the England average and all of the with baseline learning disabilities. comparator areas.

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Table 2: Figure 8 shows Disability Free life Expectancy (DFLE) at birth. For males on the Isle of Wight Baseline Learning Disability Estimates Age Group 2012 2020 in period 2010–2012 this was 63.3 years, 18-24 266 235 statistically significantly lower than the 25-34 331 356 England average of 64.1 years and for 35-44 392 365 45-54 463 454 females it was 65.2 years, slightly higher than 55-64 439 486 the England average of 65 years but not 65-74 397 450 75-84 219 276 significantly. 85+ 98 125 Total 2605 2747 Figure 8:

Table 3 shows the estimated numbers of Disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) for males and females at birth Isle of Wight and England, 2010-2012 people with moderate to severe learning 80 disabilities on the Isle of Wight. The definition 70 of moderate to severe is likely to be organic in 60 basis and due to specific genetic or physical 50 abnormalities (Department of Work and Age 40 Pensions, 2013). 30 Isle of Wight England Isle of Wight England 20 Table 3: 10 0 Males Females Moderate or severe Learning Disability Estimates Age Group 2012 2020 Source: ONS (publishd 28 March 2014) 18-24 61 55 25-34 66 76 Effect on daily activities 35-44 99 92 45-54 104 101 55-64 94 105 Figure 9 shows the percentage of people 65-74 65 72 living with a long term health problem or 75-84 23 29 disability who consider their condition affects 85+ 9 12 their everyday activities. The data includes Total 521 542 problems that are related to old age. The peak in numbers of people with learning disabilities around the age groups 45-64 The Isle of Wight has a statistically (table 3) can be explained by research which significantly higher percentage (23%) of has shown that people with learning people who consider their disability affects disabilities died at younger ages than other their daily life than the England average (18%) people. They also die more commonly of and the South East average which is 16%. some particular causes. Two causes stood Figure 9: out because they resulted in a strikingly large number of deaths of people with most sorts of Those who considered their long-term health problem or disability limited their daily activities: Census 2011 20 learning disabilities and they might be 18 England South East Isle of Wight 16 preventable. They were; problems caused by 14 12 solids or liquids in the lungs or windpipe, 10

8 Percentage epilepsy or convulsions (Glover & Ayub, 6 4 2010). 2 0 Day-to-day activities limited a lot Day-to-day activities limited a little Disability free life expectancy Source: Office of National Statistics Census 2011 Disability free life expectancy is the average Service use number of years a person from birth would live disability free (no limiting long term Figure 10 shows the number of people with a illness). main category disability accessing council

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services. This is a snapshot from November References 2013 and shows that the majority of people accessing council services are elderly, which Department of Health. (2005). Improving is in line with the higher than average older The Life Chances of Disabled population on the Isle of Wight. People. Retrieved October 14, 2013, from Figure 10: http://webarchive.nationalarchi

Numbers of People with a Main Catagory Disability Currently Accessing ves.gov.uk/+/http:/www.cabinet Isle of Wight Council Services: November 2013 900 office.gov.uk/media/cabinetoffic 800 700 e/strategy/assets/disability.pdf 600

500

400 Department of Work and Pensions. 300 (2011, April 5). Equality Act 2010 200

100 and the Disability Discrimination

0 Elderly Frail Physical + Sensory Physical Disability Physical Disability Act 1995. Retrieved October 14, Disability/Frailty Permanent Temporary Source: Isle of Wight Council 2013, from Office for Disability Issues: Figure 11 shows the number of Blue Badges http://odi.dwp.gov.uk/disabled- held on the Isle of Wight as at March 2013. people-and-legislation/equality- The majority of Blue Badges are issued to act-2010-and-dda-1995.php those on the higher rate of DLA which includes a care component for those who Department of Work and Pensions. need supervision or help looking after (2013). What is a Learning themselves and a mobility component for Disability. Retrieved November those who find it very hard to walk (GOV.UK, 26, 2013, from Department of 2013). Work and Pensions: Figure 11: http://www.dwp.gov.uk/publica tions/specialist-guides/medical- Total number of Blue Badges on issue at 31 March 2013 conditions/childrens-medical- 4000 guides/learning-disability/what- 3500 3000 is-learning-disability/index.shtml 2500 2000 1500 Glover, G., & Ayub, M. (2010, June). 1000 500 Improving Health and Lives: 0 On Higher Rate On War Tariffs 1-8 of Who are Learning Disabilities Mobility Pensioner’s Armed Forces registered blind Component of Mobility and Reserve the Disability Supplement Forces Observatory. Retrieved Living Allowance Compensation scheme November 26, 2013, from Source: Isle of Wight Council Department of Health: Disabled Facilities Grant http://www.improvinghealthan dlives.org.uk/uploads/doc/vid_9 The Disabled Facilities Grant is a statutory 033_IHAL2010- entitlement that helps disabled people to live 06%20Mortality.pdf as comfortably and independently as possible in their own home through the provision of GOV.UK. (2013, November 8). Disability adaptations. For further information on grants Living Allowance (DLA) Rates. please visit www.gov.uk/government/publications/the- Retrieved January 6, 2014, from disabled-facilities-capital-grant-determination-2013-to-2014. GOV UK:

6 Produced by Isle of Wight Council Public Health Information Team

https://www.gov.uk/disability- living-allowance-dla-rates

PANSI. (2013). Physical Disability. Retrieved November 14, 2013, from PANSI: http://www.pansi.org.uk/index. php

RNIB. (2012, November 19). Dual- sensory loss (deafblindness). Retrieved October 14, 2013, from RNIM:

http://www.rnib.org.uk/livingwi thsightloss/otherconditions/Pag es/deafblind.aspx

SCOPE. (2013). The social model of disability. Retrieved October 14, 2013, from SCOPE:

http://www.scope.org.uk/about -us/our-brand/talking-about- disability/social-model-disability

UK Vision Strategy. (2013). Preventing Avoidable Sight Loss a {ublic health Priority. Retrieved

November 14, 2013, from UK Vision Strategy: http://www.vision2020uk.org.uk /ukvisionstrategy/commhome.a sp?section=221

Useful Links

LD profiles for the Isle of Wight:

/www.improvinghealthandlives.org.uk/profiles/

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