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Su Summary sighted), hearing impairment (including those who are profoundly deaf and hard of hearing) The percentage of those over 16 and and dual sensory impairment (deafblindness). claiming Disability Living Allowance (DLA) ( any disabling condition) Sensory impairments may, like physical has increased from 5.96 % in 2007 to impairments, be congenital or acquired at any 7.30 % in 2012 on the Isle of Wight, age. They are more prevalent with age as are whilst the England rate has also additional sensory or other impairments. Most increased from 5.10 % in 2007 to 6.89 sensory impairments develop gradually and % in 2012. Both these increases are are often secondary to other disabilities (RNIB, 2012). statistically significant as is the difference between the Island and Defining disability is complex. The Disability England. Discrimination Act 1995 defines disability as The Isle of Wight has statistically an impairment, which has a substantial long- significantly higher (worse) rates than term adverse effect, on a person’s ability to the England average and all of the carry out normal day-to-day activities Office for National Statistics (ONS) (Department of Work and Pensions, 2011). comparator areas for those registered To “qualify" as disabled, under the Disability hard of hearing. Discrimination Act, an individual must satisfy The Isle of Wight is statistically three conditions: significantly worse than the England average for preventable sight loss The impairment’s adverse effect is certifications. substantial The impairment’s effect is long-term Background The impairment adversely affects the This fact sheet considers Physical and person’s ability to carry out normal Sensory Impairment (PSI). day-to-day activities (Department of Work and Pensions, 2011). The term ‘physical impairment’ refers to one The social model of disability makes the or more conditions which affect someone’s important distinction between ‘impairment’ ability to carry out daily living activities. These and ‘disability’. It argues that barriers or impairments may be congenital or acquired at elements of ‘social organisation’, that take any age, be temporary, long-term, or little or no account of people who have fluctuating. People with physical impairments impairments, cause disability (SCOPE, 2013). often have unique & multi-dimensional requirements. They require tailored services The level of population need to address their needs in a person-centred approach. General Impairment and Disability The term ‘sensory impairment’ encompasses In 2012 it was estimated that the Isle of Wight visual impairment (including blind and partially had 6678 people aged between 18 and 64 1 Produced by Isle of Wight Council Public Health Information Team with a moderate or serious disability, the Figure 2: greatest number of these were aged 55 or Trends in Disability Living Allowance for under 16s: Isle of over (43% of total). This figure is predicted to Wight 2007-2012 rise by 2.5 % to 6848 by 2020 (PANSI, 2013). 5.0 Isle of Wight England 4.5 Table 1: 4.0 3.5 3.0 Moderate or Serious physical disability: 18-64 year olds 2.5 Age Group 2012 2020 2.0 18-24 402 357 1.5 25-34 559 601 (%) Rate Prevalence Crude 1.0 35-44 896 829 0.5 0.0 45-54 1930 1872 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 55-64 2891 3189 Sources: DWP, ONS Crown Copyright Total 6678 6848 Figure 1 shows the trend for Isle of Wight Visual Impairment residents aged 16 and over claiming DLA Blind between 2007 and 2012. The number of claimants has steadily risen increasing At 31 March 2011, 395 people were on the significantly from 6 % in 2007 to 7.3 % in blind register, an increase of 30 people (8.22 2012. The 2012 rate was statistically %) from March 2008. In 2011 there were 50 significantly higher (worse) than the England new additions to the register of blind people, a average of 6.9 %. fall of 9 % compared to 2008. Figure 1: The discrepancy between those on the register and the number of new cases can be Trends in Disability Living Allowance Benefit Claimants aged 16 and over - Isle of Wight and England trend: 2007 to 2012 accounted for by migration to and from the Isle of Wight England 8 Island. 7 6 Figure 3 shows the proportion of people 5 registered blind as at March 2011 by Local 4 Authority. The Isle of Wight is not statistically Percentage 3 significantly different from the England 2 average, but has a statistically significantly 1 lower registration rate compared to 2 of its 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 comparator areas. Sources: DWP and ONS census population estimates Figure 3: Figure 2 shows the trend for DLA claimants Crude Rate per 1000 of Blind People Registered by Local Authority - under 16 between 2007 and 2012. In 2012, Isle of Wight and ONS Comparators: 31st March 2011 the crude rate was 4.1 per cent, statistically Blackpool significantly higher (worse) than the England Dorset average of 3.4 per cent. Although the number Torbay of persons aged under 16 has decreased (by Isle of Wight just over 6 per cent from 2001-2011) the Cumbria England number claiming DLA has continued to rise Cornwall and is statistically significantly higher (worse) Portsmouth than the 2007 rate of 3.2 per cent. Southampton 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 Crude rate per 1000 2 Produced by Isle of Wight Council Public Health Information Team NB It should be noted that registration is causes of preventable sight loss: glaucoma, voluntary and this may affect the accuracy of wet age-related macular degeneration and this analysis. diabetic retinopathy (UK Vision Strategy, 2013). Partially Sighted Tackling these three conditions is the primary On 31 March 2011 430 people were on the public health challenge in eye care. They are partially sighted register, a decrease of 40 the biggest causes of certifiable blindness in people (8.5 %) from March 2008. In 2011 England but with the right care, at the right there were 40 new additions to the partially time, in the right place, people can be treated sighted register, representing an increase of effectively and in many cases their sight 33.3 % compared to 2008. saved (UK Vision Strategy, 2013). Again the discrepancy between those on the Figure 5 shows the crude rate for sight loss register and the number of new cases can be certifications that are considered preventable. accounted for by migration to and from the The Isle of Wight has a directly standardised Island. rate of 60 per 100,000 (2011/12) this is statistically significantly worse than the Figure 4 shows the proportion of people registered as partially sighted by Local England average which is 44.5 per 100,000 Authority. The Isle of Wight has a statistically (2011/12) but is not statistically significantly significantly lower registration rate compared different to its statistical neighbours. to 1 of its comparator areas but is not Figure 5: statistically significantly different from the England average. Sight Loss Certifications Considered Preventable per 100,000 population: Isle of Wight and ONS Statistical Neighbours: 2011/12 Figure 4: Southampton Dorset Cumbria Crude Rate per 1000 of Partially Sighted People Registered by Authority - Isle of Wight and ONS Comparators: 31st March 2011 Isle of Wight Blackpool Blackpool Dorset Portsmouth Cumbria Hampshire Torbay England Isle of Wight Torbay Southampton Cornwall Cornwall 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 England Directly Standardised Rate per 100,000 Portsmouth 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 Crude rate per 1000 Hearing Impairment Deaf NB It should be noted that registration is In 2012/13 there were 29 people registered voluntary and this may affect the accuracy of deaf on the Isle of Wight, this is a slight this analysis. increase from March 2010, when 25 people Preventable sight loss were registered; however due to the small number, this increase is not statistically The government will measure the rate of significant. preventable sight loss from 1 April 2013. It will do this by measuring the numbers of all The number of people registered deaf on the people who are certified sight impaired Isle of Wight has been verified by the local (partially sighted) or severely sight impaired branch of Action on Hearing Loss the new (blind) and the numbers of these who have name for Royal National Institute for the Deaf lost their sight from one of the three major (RNID). Action on Hearing Loss has also 3 Produced by Isle of Wight Council Public Health Information Team verified that those registered deaf (a voluntary Figure7: process) fairly represents the picture on the Rate per 1000 population of people hard of hearing registered by Authority -Isle of Wight Isle of Wight as the Island does not have a and ONS Comparators: 31st March 2010 large deaf community. Isle of Wight Dorset Southampton Figure 6 shows when comparing those Blackpool registered deaf on the Isle of Wight with its Portsmouth ONS comparator areas, the Isle of Wight has Hampshire a statistically significantly lower (better) rate of Torbay deaf registrations than the England average England Cornwall and the majority of the comparator areas. 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 Crude rate per 1000 Sources: HSCIC, Adult Social Services Statistics. Notes: Denominator is 2011 Mid Year Estimates from Office for National Statistics Figure 6: Crude rate per 1000 population of deaf people registered by Authority -Isle of NB For figure 7 the age standardised rate has Wight and ONS Comparators: 31st March 2010 Cornwall not been calculated therefore the higher crude Dorset rate of those aged 75+ could be due to the Southampton higher than average population of 75+ on the England island.