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The Linguistic Reporter Newsletter of the Center for Applied Linguistics 1717 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W

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The Linguistic Reporter Newsletter of the Center for Applied Linguistics 1717 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W 1959–1982 The Linguistic Reporter VVoolluummee 1122 (1970) The Linguistic Reporter Newsletter of the Center for Applied Linguistics 1717 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Volume 12 Number 1 February 1970 Washington, D.C. 20036 Harpers Ferry Conference on the English Verb by W. Nelson Francis [W. Nelson Francis Is Professor of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Dr. Lotz, the Director, English and Chairman of the Department of Linguis­ proposed a discussion of some major topic in tics at Brown University.] grammar. Specifically he suggested the English verb, which has been the focus of a great deal As one of a group of conferences to cele­ of discussion over the past decade or two. It brate the tenth anniversary of the Center for was Dr. Lotz's idea to gather together in one place all the major contributors to this discus­ sion and allow them two days of free, un- trammeled time to talk, read, discuss, and argue about the morphology, syntax, and semantics of English verbs and verb phrases. Early in the planning of the conference, I was enlisted to serve as moderator. At a preliminary planning session with Dr. Lotz, we decided not to follow the stereotyped format of so many present-day conferences, but instead to keep the proceedings as free-wheeling as would be consonant with orderly discussion. We would not solicit specially prepared papers, but would instead invite all participants to submit papers in advance if they wished, to be duplicated and sent to all participants. No formal agenda was proposed; we agreed instead to let the discus­ sion arise naturally out of the interests and preoccupations of the participants, only making W. NELSON FRANCIS sure that everyone had time to make a more or less informal statement of his current think­ Dr. Lotz chose for the locale of the confer­ ing. We both realized that this relatively un­ ence Hilltop House, a rambling old hotel high structured format would put considerable re­ on the south bank of the Potomac above the sponsibility on us, but we were ready to under­ town of Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. The take it in the interests of free and lively dis­ conference was held April 10-12, 1969. After cussion. In retrospect, we are agreed that it brief introductory remarks by the Director and was worth it, and I think all the participants the Moderator at the opening session, we went found it a stimulating—if far from conclusive round the table, giving everyone a few minutes —experience. to state his current interests and the things he In selecting the participants we were guided would like to talk about. On the basis of their by two considerations: first, to insure that all preliminary statements, the Moderator drew significant viewpoints would be represented, up a tentative schedule for the three principal and second, that the authors of the major re­ sessions on the next two days. In what follows, cent treatments of English verb grammar would I will not attempt to summarize in any detail be present. Of the final list decided upon, all the remarks of all the speakers, since, although but one—Professor W. F. Twaddell, who was a stenographic record was kept, I have not yet on sabbatical leave—accepted and came. Many seen the transcript, and since I sometimes got of them also submitted papers, either in ad­ so interested in the discussion that I failed to vance or at the conference (at least two papers take any but the most sketchy notes. The were finished in the late hours of the night finished papers which the authors are willing between the two days of discussion). The final to release will appear as items in the series of list of participants included the following: "Studies in the English Language" projected by the Center, and it is hoped that there will Robert L. Allen, Teachers College, ultimately be a volume of proceedings from the Columbia University conference. William Diver, Columbia University The general focus for Friday morning was Madeline E. Ehrman, Yale University on the approach to problems of complementa­ Charles Fillmore, Ohio State University tion and catenation. The first speaker, Long- H.A. Gleason, Jr., University of Toronto acre, taking his departure from a paper entitled M.A.K. Halliday, University College, "A hierarchical look at the English verb London phrase" talked about the "merged sentence" as Martin Joos, University of Toronto he had encountered it in various Philippine Robert Longacre, Instituto Lingiiistico languages and as it seems to occur in English. de Verano, Mexico He was followed by Gleason, who dealt with Akira Ota, Tokyo University of Education the underlying semological structure of narra­ John R. Ross, Massachusetts Institute tive discourse and its surface manifestations in of Technology sequential predications, both in English and in Jan Svartvik, Gdteborg University the Kate language of New Guinea. Next and Brown University Svartvik gave a demonstration of the proced­ In addition, the following attended as non- ures of "numerical taxonomy", as developed by participating observers (though they were in­ biologists and applied with success to language vited to participate, and did): in his own work on the English passive and other studies. The morning ended with a devel­ Nearlene J. Francis opment by Ross of the notion that some un­ Erica Garcia, Columbia University acceptable sentences seem to be so not because Randal L. Whitman, University of of errors in the generative process but because Pennsylvania of some surface-structure constraint that rejects and the following as organizers and coordina­ otherwise well-formed sentences. His illustra­ tors: tion was the "double -ing" construction, as in *She is really trying driving fast. W. N. Francis, Brown University, Moderator The focus of the afternoon session was on Kathleen Lewis, Center for Applied questions of modality, tense and aspect. The Linguistics, Coordinator first speaker was Palmer, who took off from his John Lotz, Director, Center for Applied paper on 'The syntactic status of the modals", Linguistics. elaborating several points therein, especially 2 The Linguistic Reporter February 1970 The Center for Applied Linguistics is a nonprofit, internationally oriented professional institution, established in 1959 and incorporated in 1964 in Washington, D.C. The purpose of the Center is to serve as a clearinghouse and informal coordinating body in the applica­ tion of linguistics to practical language problems The Linguistic Reporter, the Center's newsletter, is published six times a year, in Feb­ ruary, April. June, August, October, and December. Annual subscription, $1.50; air mail, $3.50. (Individuals faced with currency restrictions or similar limitations are invited to write to the Editor.) Manuscripts, books fur review, and editorial communications should be sent to Frank A. Rico, Editor, THE LINCUISTIC RLPORTER. Center for Applied Linguistics, 1717 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. Communications concerning subscriptions should be directed to the Subscriptions Secretary at the same address. Per­ mission is granted for quotation or reproduction from the contents of the LINCUISTIC REPORTER provided acknowledgement is given. with regard to double negation and the pro­ tural semantics, especially with semantic pre­ posed status of the modals as main verbs. He suppositions that are marked by lexical and was followed by Halliday, whose paper "On grammatical features of discourse. His paper finiteness, tense, and modality in the English on 'The lexicology of guilt" dealt with the verb" was distributed on the final day of the semantics of a group of verbs including accuse, conference. He made the point that these cate­ blame, scold, criticize, etc. Diver talked at gories must be considered together in their some length about the nature of linguistics as relation to the variable purposes of language. a science and its place in the total scheme of This discussion led directly to the topic of the learning. next speaker, Ota, who commented on his The morning session—and the business of paper "Modals and some semi-auxiliaries," the conference—ended with a presentation by making the distinction between epistemic and Lotz, who dealt further with the questions of cognitive uses of the modals and the "semi- time, time-relations, and tense originally raised auxiliaries" have to, be able to, and be going to. by Allen. The last five minutes before the offi­ Following him, Allen discussed particularly the cial adjournment to lunch were long enough difference between the time system and the for the Moderator to confess his total inability time-relation system, especially as manifested to sum up the conference in any capsuled set in English tense and aspect. The last speaker of of conclusions, and to thank the participants the afternoon was Joos, who discussed the for their contributions to what had proved to strategic value of a closed corpus, as used in be a stimulating, intense, and remarkably his The English Verb, Form and Meanings, amicable discussion of a controversial area of and accepted Ota's epistemic-cognitive opposi­ English linguistics. Whatever problems we may tion as an insight to be dealt with in the next have solved, we can still endorse the final com­ edition. ment of a French linguist, in a recent review The focus for Saturday morning's session article on the English verb: "Au commence­ was to have been a summary of issues and ment etait le verbe: il est toujours la, et tou­ conclusions. Instead the morning was devoted jours un de nos soucis, a nous linguistes" to two rather long discussions by Fillmore and (Andre Castagna, "Le verbe anglais vu a tra- Diver, and ended with a presentation by Lotz. vers quelques ouvrages rcccnts," La Linguisti­ Fillmore's discussion dealt primarily with struc­ que 2:133 [1968]).
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