DOCSLIB.ORG

Proposed Update to the Taxonomy of the Genera Hepacivirus and Pegivirus Within the Flaviviridae Family

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proposed Update to the Taxonomy of the Genera Hepacivirus and Pegivirus Within the Flaviviridae Family Proposed update to the taxonomy of the genera Hepacivirus and Pegivirus within the Flaviviridae family Smith, Donald B.; Becher, Paul; Bukh, Jens; Gould, Ernest A.; Meyers, Gregor; Monath, Thomas; Muerhoff, A. Scott; Pletnev, Alexander; Rico-Hesse, Rebecca; Stapleton, Jack T.; Simmonds, Peter Published in: Journal of General Virology DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000612 Publication date: 2016 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): Smith, D. B., Becher, P., Bukh, J., Gould, E. A., Meyers, G., Monath, T., Muerhoff, A. S., Pletnev, A., Rico- Hesse, R., Stapleton, J. T., & Simmonds, P. (2016). Proposed update to the taxonomy of the genera Hepacivirus and Pegivirus within the Flaviviridae family. Journal of General Virology, 97, 2894-2907. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000612 Download date: 28. sep.. 2021 Journal of General Virology (2016), 97, 2894–2907 DOI 10.1099/jgv.0.000612 Proposed update to the taxonomy of the genera Hepacivirus and Pegivirus within the Flaviviridae family Donald B. Smith,1 Paul Becher,2 Jens Bukh,3,4 Ernest A. Gould,5 Gregor Meyers,6 Thomas Monath,7,8 A. Scott Muerhoff,9 Alexander Pletnev,10 Rebecca Rico-Hesse,11,12 Jack T. Stapleton13,14,15 and Peter Simmonds1,16 Correspondence 1Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK Donald B. Smith 2Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany [email protected] 3 or Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark [email protected] 4Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark 5EHESP French School of Public Health, French Institute of Research for Development (IRD), Aix Marseille Universite, EPV UMR_D 190 Emergence des Pathologies Virales, Marseille, France 6Institut für Immunologie, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany 7Hookipa Biotech AG, Vienna, Austria 8PaxVax Inc., Menlo Park and Redwood City, CA, USA 9Abbott Diagnostics Research and Development, Abbott Park, IL, USA 10Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA 11Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 12Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 13Medical Service, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA 14Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 15Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 16Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Proposals are described for the assignment of recently reported viruses, infecting rodents, bats and other mammalian species, to new species within the Hepacivirus and Pegivirus genera (family Flaviviridae). Assignments into 14 Hepacivirus species (Hepacivirus A–N) and 11 Pegivirus species (Pegivirus A–K) are based on phylogenetic relationships and sequence distances between conserved regions extracted from complete coding sequences for members of each proposed taxon. We propose that the species Hepatitis C virus is renamed Hepacivirus C in order to acknowledge its unique historical position and so as to minimize confusion. Despite the newly documented genetic diversity of hepaciviruses and pegiviruses, members of these genera remain phylogenetically distinct, and differ in hepatotropism and the possession of a basic core protein; pegiviruses in general lack these features. However, other characteristics that were originally used to support their division into separate genera are no longer definitive; there Received 23 June 2016 is overlap between the two genera in the type of internal ribosomal entry site and the presence of ¢ Accepted 21 September 2016 miR-122 sites in the 5 UTR, the predicted number of N-linked glycosylation sites in the envelope E1 and E2 proteins, the presence of poly U tracts in the 3¢ UTR and the propensity of viruses to Downloaded from www.microbiologyresearch.org by 2894 000612 Printed in Great Britain IP: 130.225.178.2 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). On: Thu, 22 Dec 2016 10:50:47 Taxonomy of the Hepacivirus and Pegivirus genera establish a persistent infection. While all classified hepaciviruses and pegiviruses have mammalian hosts, the recent description of a hepaci-/pegi-like virus from a shark and the likely existence of further homologues in other non-mammalian species indicate that further species or genera remain to be defined in the future. INTRODUCTION two genera can be distinguished. We additionally describe proposals for the assignment of viruses for which a com- A recurrent feature of virus taxonomy is that as more infor- plete coding sequence is available into a series of species mation accumulates on the genetic diversity within estab- within the two genera and provide demarcation criteria that lished virus taxa such as species and genera, the discrete define these assignments. We propose the creation of 13 demarcation criteria originally applied to distinguish additional Hepacivirus species and 9 additional Pegivirus between them become blurred. species. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been the only named species within the genus Hepacivirus since the genus was created in 1996. Considerable diversity exists between different isolates RESULTS of HCV (Bukh et al., 1993; Simmonds et al., 1993), with 7 genotypes and 84 subtypes currently recognized (Smith Hepacivirus genus et al., 2014) (https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv_wikis/flaviviri- Hepacivirus sequences were aligned using MUSCLE and dae/w/sg_flavi/56.hcv-classification). Despite this diversity, reduced to a set of those differing over their complete cod- all of these viruses are derived from human infections and ing sequence by amino acid p-distances greater than 0.1. are associated with acute and chronic liver disease, and Since different genotypes of HCV all differ by 0.23–0.31, there continues to be widespread agreement that they are this cut-off would be expected to include all variants likely most appropriately considered as members of a single spe- to represent different species. A scan of mean amino acid p- cies. A related virus, GBV-B was identified in 1995 from distance over the coding region revealed two regions where New World monkeys (Simons et al., 1995a) and is associ- p-distances were consistently less than 0.6: positions 1123– ated with acute liver disease, but remained unclassified. In 1566 and 2536–2959 (numbered relative to the Hepacivirus the last few years, several more divergent viruses have been type species, M62321 (Choo et al., 1989) (Fig. 1), and there- discovered with genome structures and conserved sequence fore most informative for phylogenetic comparisons. Phy- motifs that are similar to those of HCV and GBV-B and iso- logenies of Hepacivirus sequences in these regions were lated from a variety of host species including dog (Kapoor congruent apart from minor and non-bootstrap-supported et al., 2011), horse (Burbelo et al., 2012), bat (Quan et al., rearrangements of deep branches (Fig. 2a, b). For the region 2013), rodent (Drexler et al., 2013; Firth et al., 2014; 1123–1566, amino acid p-distances were greater than 0.3 Kapoor et al., 2013a), Old World monkey (Lauck et al., apart from distances between different genotypes of HCV, 2013) and cow (Baechlein et al., 2015; Corman et al., 2015). which were 0.12–0.19 (Fig. 2c). A more continuous distri- These viruses differ considerably in their epidemiology and bution of amino acid p-distances was observed for the presumed route of transmission from HCV. region 2536–2959, with discontinuities centred on distances of 0.35 and 0.45. Similarly, the Pegivirus (pronounced peh-gee virus) genus, when first proposed (Stapleton et al., 2011), comprised two Although evidence has been provided for recombination species: Pegivirus A, including the viruses GBV-A (Simons within (Gonzalez-Candelas et al., 2011) and between Hepa- et al., 1995a) and GBV-C (Leary et al., 1996; Linnen et al., civirus species (Theze et al., 2015), the only known recombi- 1996; Simons et al., 1995b) isolated from primates, and nant included in our dataset was the sequence KC796077 Pegivirus B, including viruses derived from bats (Epstein (Quan et al., 2013), which is the single known representa- et al., 2010). In the last few years, several papers have tive of its clade; exclusion of this sequence did not affect the described viruses that share many features with Pegivirus A distribution of sequence distances or phylogenetic relation- and Pegivirus B, but which are divergent in genome ships between the other species (data not shown). sequence and structure and infect humans (Berg et al., The phylogenetic relationships observed for these two 2015; Kapoor et al., 2015), bats (Quan et al., 2013), horses genome regions are consistent with the division of the Hep- (Chandriani et al., 2013; Kapoor et al., 2013b), rodents acivirus genus into 14 species which we propose should be (Firth et al., 2014; Kapoor et al., 2013a) and pigs (Baechlein named Hepacivirus A–N (Table 1). Although HCV was the et al., 2016). In addition, viruses similar to GBV-C have first Hepacivirus to be discovered and the type species of its been discovered in a range of primate species (Birkenmeyer genus, we have chosen to assign it to Hepacivirus C rather et al., 1998; Sibley et al., 2014). than Hepacivirus A so as to minimize the potential for con- In the current study, we review the classification of these fusion. To be clear, individual isolates of this virus will still two genera and have revised the list of features by which the be called hepatitis C virus (HCV), but they will all belong to Downloaded from www.microbiologyresearch.org by http://jgv.microbiologyresearch.org 2895 IP: 130.225.178.2 On: Thu, 22 Dec 2016 10:50:47 D.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Unravelling the Evolutionary Relationships of Hepaciviruses Within and Across Rodent Hosts
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.09.332932; this version posted October 9, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Unravelling the evolutionary relationships of hepaciviruses within and across rodent hosts Magda Bletsa1, Bram Vrancken1, Sophie Gryseels1;2, Ine Boonen1, Antonios Fikatas1, Yiqiao Li1, Anne Laudisoit3, Sebastian Lequime1, Josef Bryja4, Rhodes Makundi5, Yonas Meheretu6, Benjamin Dudu Akaibe7, Sylvestre Gambalemoke Mbalitini7, Frederik Van de Perre8, Natalie Van Houtte8, Jana Teˇsˇ´ıkova´ 4;9, Elke Wollants1, Marc Van Ranst1, Jan Felix Drexler10;11, Erik Verheyen8;12, Herwig Leirs8, Joelle Gouy de Bellocq4 and Philippe Lemey1∗ 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA 3EcoHealth Alliance, New York, USA 4Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic 5Pest Management Center – Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania 6Department of Biology and Institute of Mountain Research & Development, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia 7Department of Ecology and Animal Resource Management, Faculty of Science, Biodiversity Monitoring Center, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic
    [Show full text]
  • Unfolded Protein Response in Hepatitis C Virus Infection
    REVIEW ARTICLE published: 20 May 2014 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00233 Unfolded protein response in hepatitis C virus infection Shiu-Wan Chan* Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Edited by: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus of clinical Hirofumi Akari, Kyoto University, importance. The virus establishes a chronic infection and can progress from chronic Japan hepatitis, steatosis to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Reviewed by: mechanisms of viral persistence and pathogenesis are poorly understood. Recently Ikuo Shoji, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan the unfolded protein response (UPR), a cellular homeostatic response to endoplasmic Kohji Moriishi, University of reticulum (ER) stress, has emerged to be a major contributing factor in many human Yamanashi, Japan diseases. It is also evident that viruses interact with the host UPR in many different ways *Correspondence: and the outcome could be pro-viral, anti-viral or pathogenic, depending on the particular Shiu-Wan Chan, Faculty of Life type of infection. Here we present evidence for the elicitation of chronic ER stress in Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith HCV infection. We analyze the UPR signaling pathways involved in HCV infection, the Building, Oxford Road, various levels of UPR regulation by different viral proteins and finally, we propose several Manchester M13 9PT, UK mechanisms by which the virus provokes the UPR. e-mail: shiu-wan.chan@ manchester.ac.uk Keywords: hepatitis C virus, unfolded protein response, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hepacivirus, virus-host interaction INTRODUCTION (LDLs) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) to form the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection produces a clinically important lipoviroparticles (Andre et al., 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • Dissemination of Internal Ribosomal Entry Sites (IRES) Between Viruses by Horizontal Gene Transfer
    viruses Review Dissemination of Internal Ribosomal Entry Sites (IRES) Between Viruses by Horizontal Gene Transfer Yani Arhab y , Alexander G. Bulakhov y, Tatyana V. Pestova and Christopher U.T. Hellen * Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; [email protected] (Y.A.); [email protected] (A.G.B.); [email protected] (T.V.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected] These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 11 May 2020; Accepted: 2 June 2020; Published: 4 June 2020 Abstract: Members of Picornaviridae and of the Hepacivirus, Pegivirus and Pestivirus genera of Flaviviridae all contain an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) in the 50-untranslated region (50UTR) of their genomes. Each class of IRES has a conserved structure and promotes 50-end-independent initiation of translation by a different mechanism. Picornavirus 50UTRs, including the IRES, evolve independently of other parts of the genome and can move between genomes, most commonly by intratypic recombination. We review accumulating evidence that IRESs are genetic entities that can also move between members of different genera and even between families. Type IV IRESs, first identified in the Hepacivirus genus, have subsequently been identified in over 25 genera of Picornaviridae, juxtaposed against diverse coding sequences. In several genera, members have either type IV IRES or an IRES of type I, II or III. Similarly, in the genus Pegivirus, members contain either a type IV IRES or an unrelated type; both classes of IRES also occur in members of the genus Hepacivirus. IRESs utilize different mechanisms, have different factor requirements and contain determinants of viral growth, pathogenesis and cell type specificity.
    [Show full text]
  • (51) International Patent Classification: AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH
    ( 2 (51) International Patent Classification: AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, A61K 48/00 (2006.01) A61K 31/7105 (2006.01) CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, A61K 31/7088 (2006.01) C07K 14/725 (2006.01) DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, C12N 15/115 (2010.01) C12N 15/85 (2006.01) HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, C12N 15/64 (2006.01) C12N 15/11 (2006.01) KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, (21) International Application Number: OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, PCT/US2020/034418 SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, (22) International Filing Date: TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, WS, ZA, ZM, ZW. 22 May 2020 (22.05.2020) (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (25) Filing Language: English kind of regional protection available) . ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, (26) Publication Language: English UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, (30) Priority Data: TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, 62/85 1,548 22 May 2019 (22.05.2019) US EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, 62/857,121 04 June 2019 (04.06.2019) US MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, PCT/US2019/03553 1 TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, Cl, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, 05 June 2019 (05.06.2019) US KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG).
    [Show full text]
  • Esta Dissertação Está De Acordo Com
    Fernanda de Mello Malta Seqüenciamento da Região NS5A do Genoma do Vírus da Hepatite C, Genótipo 3, de Pacientes Brasileiros com Infecção Crônica Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Área de concentração: Fisiopatologia Experimental Orientador: Dr. João Renato Rebello Pinho São Paulo 2006 Dedico este trabalho... Aos meus pais, Zeca e Cris, que sempre investiram na minha formação. Obrigada pelo apoio, incentivo e por todo amor. À minha sobrinha querida, Maria Luiza, amiga e companheira. Obrigada pelos grandes momentos de alegria! À minha irmã e ao meu cunhado, Gabriela e Marcelo, pelo apoio e pelos momentos de descontração. À amiga, Isabel M.V.G.C.Mello, pelo que me ajudou a conquistar, por tudo que me ensinou e pela dedicação. Muito Obrigada! Ao meu orientador, João Renato, pelo incentivo, pelas oportunidades e pela confiança. Muito Obrigada! Agradecimentos À Michele M. S. Gomes, amiga e companheira nas horas boas e difíceis do laboratório e da vida. Obrigada por tudo! À Mônica Yamaguchi e Gabriela P. Lopes pelo apoio e incentivo. Ao Prof. Dr. Flair José Carrilho pela confiança em meu trabalho e por valorizar a integração da área de pesquisa básica com a clínica. Ao Dr. José Eymard de Medeiros Filho pelo auxílio e pelas idéias fornecidas no início deste trabalho. À “Alves de Queiroz Family Fund For Research” pelo auxílio fornecido. Ao Instituto Adolfo Lutz pela utilização de sua estrutura física para a realização deste trabalho. À Fapesp, que por intermédio do projeto Rede de Diversidade Genética Viral – VGDN, possibilitou a realização deste trabalho.
    [Show full text]
  • Rewiring Cellular Networks by Members of the Flaviviridae Family
    REVIEWS Rewiring cellular networks by members of the Flaviviridae family Christopher J. Neufeldt1*, Mirko Cortese1*, Eliana G. Acosta1* and Ralf Bartenschlager1,2 Abstract | Members of the Flaviviridae virus family comprise a large group of enveloped viruses with a single-strand RNA genome of positive polarity. Several genera belong to this family, including the Hepacivirus genus, of which hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the prototype member, and the Flavivirus genus, which contains both dengue virus and Zika virus. Viruses of these genera differ in many respects, such as the mode of transmission or the course of infection, which is either predominantly persistent in the case of HCV or acutely self-limiting in the case of flaviviruses. Although the fundamental replication strategy of Flaviviridae members is similar, during the past few years, important differences have been discovered, including the way in which these viruses exploit cellular resources to facilitate viral propagation. These differences might be responsible, at least in part, for the various biological properties of these viruses, thus offering the possibility to learn from comparisons. In this Review, we discuss the current understanding of how Flaviviridae viruses manipulate and usurp cellular pathways in infected cells. Specifically, we focus on comparing strategies employed by flaviviruses with those employed by hepaciviruses, and we discuss the importance of these interactions in the context of viral replication and antiviral therapies. Guillain–Barré syndrome As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses strictly depend haemorrhage, shock or serious neuro logi cal compli- An acute neurological disease on their ability to manipulate the machinery of host cations, such as encephalitis and meningitis.
    [Show full text]
  • The 2014 Short Guide to Hepatitis C
    Download the free PDF of this book from www.HepatologyTextbook.com Download Free PDF Download Free PDF the Fling Publisher the Fling Publisher Short Guide to Hepatitis C / Short Guide to edited b Mauss et al. Mauss, Berg, Rockstroh, Sarrazin, Wedemeyer Hepatitis C edited b Mauss, Berg, Rockstroh, Sarrazin, Wedemeyer Exciting new treatment approaches make the management of hepatitic C one of the most rapidly developing areas of medicine. e Flying Publisher hort Guide to Hepatitis C is an up-to-date source of information for physicians, residents and advanced medical students. www.yingpublisher.com Short Guide to Hepatitis C ISBN 978-3-942687-15-7 F P F F P 9 783942 687157 > Mauss − Berg − Rockstroh − Sarrazin − Wedemeyer Short Guide to Hepatitis C 2014 Edition This PDF of the 2014 Flying Publisher Short Guide to Hepatitis C is freely available from www.FlyingPublisher.com thanks to the financial support provided by Stefan Mauss Thomas Berg Jürgen Rockstroh Christoph Sarrazin Heiner Wedemeyer The Flying Publisher Short Guide to Hepatitis C 2014 Edition Flying Publisher 4 | Copy Editor: Rob Camp [email protected] Disclaimer Hepatitis C management is an ever-changing field. The publishers and author of The Flying Publisher Short Guide to Hepatitis C have made every effort to provide information that is accurate and complete as of the date of publication. However, in view of the rapid changes occurring in hepatitis C management, as well as the possibility of human error, this guide may contain technical inaccuracies, typographical or other errors. It is the responsibility of the physician to rely on experience and knowledge about the patient to determine the most adequate treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Texto Completo (6.806Mb)
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE VETERINÁRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS VETERINÁRIAS Aplicações de Metagenômica Viral em Medicina Veterinária: Análise de Viromas Autora: Mariana Soares da Silva Orientador: Prof. Dr. Cláudio Wageck Canal PORTO ALEGRE, 2021 1 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE VETERINÁRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS VETERINÁRIAS Aplicações de Metagenômica Viral em Medicina Veterinária: Análise de Viromas Autora: Mariana Soares da Silva Trabalho apresentado como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutora em Ciências Veterinárias na área de Medicina Veterinária, subárea Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, especialidade Virologia. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Cláudio Wageck Canal PORTO ALEGRE, 2021 2 CIP - Catalogação na Publicação Soares da Silva, Mariana Aplicações de Metagenômica Viral em Medicina Veterinária: Análise de Viromas / Mariana Soares da Silva. -- 2021. 79 f. Orientador: Cláudio Wageck Canal. Tese (Doutorado) -- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Porto Alegre, BR-RS, 2021. 1. metagenômica viral. 2. viroma. 3. hepacivirus bovino. 4. hepacivírus. 5. suínos. I. Wageck Canal, Cláudio, orient. II. Título. Elaborada pelo Sistema de Geração Automática de Ficha Catalográfica da UFRGS com os dados fornecidos pelo(a) autor(a). Mariana Soares da Silva Aplicações de Metagenômica Viral em Medicina Veterinária: Análise de Viromas Aprovada em 01/03/2021. APROVADA POR: _________________________________________ Dr. Cláudio Wageck Canal Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Orientador e Presidente da Comissão ________________________________________ Drra Ana Cláudia Franco Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Membro da Comissão _________________________________________ Dra. Renata da Fontoura Budaszewski Mayo Clinic Department of Molecular Medicine _________________________________________ Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Multidecade Mortality and a Homolog of Hepatitis C Virus in Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus), the National Bird of the USA Tony L
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Multidecade Mortality and a Homolog of Hepatitis C Virus in Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), the National Bird of the USA Tony L. Goldberg1,2*, Samuel D. Sibley1, Marie E. Pinkerton1, Christopher D. Dunn1, Lindsey J. Long3, LeAnn C. White4 & Sean M. Strom3 The bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) once experienced near-extinction but has since rebounded. For decades, bald eagles near the Wisconsin River, USA, have experienced a lethal syndrome with characteristic clinical and pathological features but unknown etiology. Here, we describe a novel hepacivirus-like virus (Flaviviridae: Hepacivirus) identifed during an investigation of Wisconsin River eagle syndrome (WRES). Bald eagle hepacivirus (BeHV) belongs to a divergent clade of avian viruses that share features with members of the genera Hepacivirus and Pegivirus. BeHV infected 31.9% of eagles spanning 4,254 km of the coterminous USA, with negative strand viral RNA demonstrating active replication in liver tissues. Eagles from Wisconsin were approximately 10-fold more likely to be infected than eagles from elsewhere. Eagle mitochondrial DNA sequences were homogeneous and geographically unstructured, likely refecting a recent population bottleneck, whereas BeHV envelope gene sequences showed strong population genetic substructure and isolation by distance, suggesting localized transmission. Cophylogenetic analyses showed no congruity between eagles and their viruses, supporting horizontal rather than vertical transmission. These results expand our knowledge of the Flaviviridae, reveal a striking pattern of decoupled host/virus coevolution on a continental scale, and highlight knowledge gaps about health and conservation in even the most iconic of wildlife species. For its majestic splendor, the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) was selected as the emblem of United States of America by the Continental Congress of 17821.
    [Show full text]
  • A Novel Hepacivirus in Wild Rodents from South America
    viruses Communication A Novel Hepacivirus in Wild Rodents from South America William Marciel de Souza 1,2,3,* , Marcílio Jorge Fumagalli 1 , Gilberto Sabino-Santos, Jr. 1 , Felipe Gonçalves Motta Maia 1,4, Sejal Modha 2,Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes 5, Pablo Ramiro Murcia 2 and Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo 1 1 Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo,14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; [email protected] (M.J.F.); [email protected] (G.S.-S.J.); [email protected] (F.G.M.M.); ltmfi[email protected] (L.T.M.F.) 2 MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (P.R.M.) 3 Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil 4 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 5 Center for Technological Innovations, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, 67030-000 Pará, Pará, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +55-16-3315-4580 Received: 22 January 2019; Accepted: 18 March 2019; Published: 24 March 2019 Abstract: The Hepacivirus genus comprises single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses within the family Flaviviridae. Several hepaciviruses have been identified in different mammals, including multiple rodent species in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. To date, no rodent hepacivirus has been identified in the South American continent. Here, we describe an unknown hepacivirus discovered during a metagenomic screen in Akodon montensis, Calomys tener, Oligoryzomys nigripes, Necromys lasiurus, and Mus musculus from São Paulo State, Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Conference 2019 Poster Book
    Annual Conference 2019 8-11 April, ICC Belfast, UK @MicrobioSoc #Microbio19 Global food security: the challenges for microbiology Presentations: Monday and Tuesday evening A001 PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTY OF FINGER MILLET (Eleusine Coracana) ON SOME SELECTED CLINICAL BACTERIA JeremiaH Ogbeba Federal PolytecHniC BauCHi , BauCHi, Nigeria Abstract Finger millet in nortHern Nigeria was subjected to pHytoCHemiCal sCreening using standard proCedures. The agar well metHod was used to test tHe antibaCterial aCtivities of metHanoliC and aqeous (Combined) extraCts of tHe grain on Salmonella typhi, EsCHeriCHia Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and StapHyloCoCCus aureus. The result of tHe antimiCrobial activity as indiCated by zone of inHibition ranged from 1-8mm for different extract ConCentrations. The finger millet extract sHowed zones of inHibition of 8mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a ConCentration of 100mg/ml, 3mm at 50mg/ml and 2mm at 25mg/ml ConCentrations. The inHibition zones of EsCHeriCHia Coli at extract ConCentrations of 100mg/ml,50mg/ml,25mg/ml, 12.25mg/ml and 6.125mg/ml were 4mm, 3mm, 3mm, 6mm and 1mm respeCtively, and for StapHyloCoCCus aureus were 5mm,2mm, 1mm at 100mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 12.25mg/ml respeCtively. The zones of inHibition against all tHe tested isolates at 100mg/ml was not signifiCantly different from those of 50mg/ml (p=0.160), 25mg/ml (p=0.067) and 12.5mg/ml (p=0.160), but signifiCantly HigHer than 6.125mg/ml (p=0.05). AlthougH S. aureus and S. typHi also did not differ signifiCantly in their susCeptibility to the varying ConCentrations of the extraCt (p=0.157), but susCeptibility by S.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul Faculdade De Veterinária Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Veterinárias
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE VETERINÁRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS VETERINÁRIAS CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO VIROMA DE SORO DE SUÍNOS, EQUINOS E BOVINOS WILLIAN PINTO PAIM PORTO ALEGRE 2021 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE VETERINÁRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS VETERINÁRIAS CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO VIROMA DE SORO DE SUÍNOS, EQUINOS E BOVINOS Autor: Willian Pinto Paim Tese apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências Veterinárias na área de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Patologia – Virologia. Orientador: Dr. Cláudio Wageck Canal Coorientador: Dr. Matheus Nunes Weber PORTO ALEGRE 2021 O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001. Willian Pinto Paim CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO VIROMA DE SORO DE SUÍNOS, EQUINOS E BOVINOS Aprovada em 09 abril de 2021 APROVADO POR: ________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Cláudio Wageck Canal Orientador e Presidente da Comissão ________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Matheus Nunes Weber Coorientador e Membro da Comissão ________________________________________ Prof. Dra. Franciele Maboni Siqueira Membro da Comissão ________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Franscisco Esmaile Sales de Lima Membro da Comissão ________________________________________ Prof. Dra. Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti Membro da Comissão DEDICATÓRIA Dedico esta tese aos meus pais, pelo apoio incondicional. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço aos meus pais, Tânia e Salatiel, à minha noiva, Camila, e a meus irmãos, Luciana e Marcelo, pelo amor, apoio e suporte para que eu pudesse concretizar este sonho. Em especial aos meus avós, Manoela e Pereci, por todos os conselhos e por tudo que me ensinaram, mesmo tendo nos deixado, serão sempre lembrados.
    [Show full text]