next month

In San Diego during its October 1965 meeting, the Highway Commission adopted a route for extension of State Highway 190 from its present terminus at Quaking Aspen Meadow across the southern Sierra to Haiwee Pass at the Tulare-Inyo county line. During a photographic reconnaissance of this route last summer, Chief Photographer William Chaney made color and black-and-white photographs of the country the new route passes through. A selection of these photos will be included in the March—April issue. CALIFORNIA highways and public works

OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS, DERARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS, STATE OF CALIFORNIA VOLUME 4~~/,j JANUARY–FEBRUARY NOS. 1-2

FREEWAY AGREEMENTS Z lesfer s. koritz, EClitor By John Erreca srewart mitchell, Associate Editor TIOGA PASS—CONSTRUCTION 6 john c. robinson, Assoczate Editor marcia j. mickelsen, Assistant Editor ~4 TIOGA PASS—BEAUTY bill metzel, Art Director

William r. Chaney, Chief Photograj~he~~ WINTER MAINTENANCE ZO By Marcia Mickelsen Editors are invited to use information contained herein and to request prints of any black COMBATING SNOW VIA RAD10 3O and white photographs. By Alice Wiegand

Address communications to SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA STORM DAMAGE 3~ EDITOR, By Paul Brown CALIFORNIA HIGHWAYS AND PUBLIC WORKS P.O. BOX 1499 CAMINO-POLLOCK PINES FREEWAY ~2 SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA 95507 By Ray Sorum

MARIPOSA ROADSIDE BEAUTIFICATION 34

LIME STABILIZATION 36 By ErnesT Zube and Clyde Gates

G. T. MCCOY OBITUARY 4~

BEAUTIFIf'ING CALIFORNIA 42

HIGHLIGHTS OF CHC ACTIONS 45

NEW LIGHTING FOR PEDESTRIAN OVERCROSSINGS 46 By T. N. Kreiberg

AWARDS AND RETIREM'ENTfi 4S FRONT COVER: Chances are that when this copy of the magazine comes off the press daffodils and flowering trees will be in bloom in the California valleys, but winter will still be hanging over the Sierra Nevada. The front cover stresses the highway maintenance man's view of winter in the mountains. (See article on page 21.)

BACK COVER: Winter comes to southern California moun- tains, too. Scene on back of magazine is in the San Ber- nardino Range, on Rim of the World Drive (State Route 18), and not many miles as the crow flies from the City of San Bernardino. Photo by John Meyerpeter.

°tAn outstanding network of state highways is essential to the future growth of California's economy" —Governor Edmund G. Brown ~1t one time handshake and now a complex instrzement of planning FEEAYA~RLEI~~IE1~TS

Formal freeway agree- ings at which everybody can But today the cost of hig~h- ments, signed, sealed and at- blow off steam. way projects is counted in the tested, are a must today; no Their surveys and consul- millions instead of the thou- California freeway is com- tations led to recommenda- sands, highway and traffic en- plete without one. tions for a state highway net- gineering are more complex,_ But these pacts between the work so good that most of and right-of-way and plan- state and cities or counties its routes are in the system to ning problems more involved, have not always had their is this day. to say nothing of the sudden crossed and their is dotted so Fifteen years were to pass changes brought about bey un- meticulously. before their roads began to be foreseen new industrial or Back in 1895, when com- built, and then there was only commercial enterprises in our missioners of the then Bureau $18 million available for about vigorous economy. of Highways traveled the $36 million worth of work. So today it seems advisable state in buckboards, a meet- But the cities and counties to all parties concerned to ing of state and local minds took up a lot of the slack; have these things down on on a road matter was often counties by providing right- paper so that there is no ques- sealed with just a handshake. of-way and bridges, and cities tion what everybody agreed Those forerunners of to- by simply taking over the job to during the long period be- day's Highway Commission within their own boundaries. tween the time a route is and Division of Highways The habit of cooperation adopted and the time con- clippety-clopped about the built up over these 70 years, struction begins. BY state, consulting with super- now formalized almost into a The freeway agreement JOHN visors and city councilmen ritual, still exists, as the document—detailed on a map ERRECA about road locations, and League of California Cities —becomes a reference for any setting many of the patterns and the County Supervisors venture, private or public, that are still in use today— Association periodically af- with plans to build or develop including local public hear- firm. anything on any kind of property near a future free- without the agreement of sinned by planning or engi- way. And sometimes not so local government. neering differences that have near. The same code of laws also been at issue from the begin- In other words, a planning says where highways must be- ning, with all parties negotiat- guide. Basically the agree- gin, where they must end, ing right down to the wire. ment is that when the state and sometimes through which Occasionally they are is ready to build, the city points they must pass. Within prompted by a strong local or county will cooperate by these limits, however, it does urge to deny that any such closing the streets and roads not say around which hill the lengthy exchange of informa- it is necessary to close in road must go, or through tion took place; to assuage order to build the freeway. whose barn, or on which side the disappointed with the Actually it establishes of the valley. consolation that their tivoes where access to the freeway This is the province of the came asa complete surprise, will be provided by inter- Highway Commission, which sprung by afar -off and ras- changes, which streets or determines the road's course cally state bureaucracy. roads will be closed or car- by majority vote after allthe In this "Who struck John?" ried over or under the free- evidence is in. a standard gambit is to view way, the location of frontage However, in order for the with alarm any state purchase roads to carry local traffic to State Highway Engineer to be of right-of-way before -the interchange points, and how able to recommend one align- local government has signed streets or roads may be relo- ment over another, his rep- the freeway agreement. This cated or extended to main- resentatives will have been makes good copy about who tain traffic circulation in rela- working with- local planning isforcing whose hand. tion to the freeway. and engineering staffs and The fact is .that the state

The authority of the high- public officials for months orwill not buy property before way people to act as the years before a route is adopt- the agreement is signed, ex- state's agent is spelled out in ed or a freeway agreement cept under the following two the Streets and' Highways signed. conditions (bearing in mind Code of the California Stat- Once the commission has that the route itself has been utes, which is periodically adopted the alignment, it is up adopted, regardless of wheth- amended and refined by the to the Division of Highways er the details have been Legislature. to negotiate the freeway worked out) The law says that a free- agreement. (1) Where some home- way cannot close off any city Much more often than not, owner in a genuine hardship street or county road without all sides having been kept case (a death in the- family, the agreement of the city or informed at all stages, no orders to Schenectady or Sai- county and that no city street mysteries remain about the gon) has to get rid of his or county road can be con- terrain features, buildings, house and can't sell it to any- nected to a freeway without schools and other controls body but the state because the agreement of the state. that led the commission to nobody else will buy in the The law does not say that adopt the line it did, and the freeway's path. a freeway cannot be built freeway agreement moves in (2) Where a property without a freeway agreement, a routine manner through owner intends to build a facil- and it would be at least theo- local and state staff proce- ity the state will have to pay retically possible to build one dures to final approval.. handsomely for at some time despite the opposition of local A resolution of the city in the future.(A current case goverment as long as it did council or county board ex- of this kind is one where city not close off local streets. presses official approval for and state agree that they will But the long-established the community, and the Di- need a certain piece of prop- practice of consulting with rector of Public Works signs ertyfor ahighway, but where local people has led the de- it for the state. the property owner has a partment to adopt a policy Delays in signing the agree- chance to put upand lease a that nofreeway will be built ment are sometimes occa- $500,000 building. The formal

Traveling by buckboard, as highway commissioners did in 1895, provided incentive for building good state highways. 4E9@NO

~~p INT ER&TATE !!IG %~s4ti

U.S. uIGwWAr Traffic projections show where most cars

STATE NION WAY will want to go. How to get them there is tempered by how not to disrupt a community.

Dlf ►~RfIOM L[O(MD

TAI►3 ►Elt DAY

'~ INTRp ZONE ~ 162,000 (le%)

~ ~:o a a u e. s s~ ..a~a>resrn .a air uu i~, nsaux~e+wa

City street closures are clearly defined in freeway agree- m ents as are frontage roads leadifig to interchanges.

The Highway Commission, seated on dais, considers positions of all interested local citizens before adopting a route line. freeway agreement is many line that would, indeed, miss tion, the commission is re- months off, but if the Divi- a corner of the golf course, quired by law to hold one. sion of Highways wants to but would take out the When the commission has save the taxpayers the $500,- county hospital in order to acted, state people can get 000, it must act soon.) do it). down to the business of draft- The long process leading to No final engineering is ing the specifics of a freeway a freeway agreement begins completed at this stage, but agreement to propose to the when state highway engineers the same basic engineering council or board. It may be in apply to local planners for in- yardsticks will be applied to fairly broad terms to begin formation about local master all the surviving alternates for with, because the freeway plans, projected land use pat- purposes of comparing costs, may not be built for several terns, present and future community effects, traffic years. It is always subject to transportation facilities, and service and so on. modification by mutual agree- projected population figures, The highway district con- ment and in fact is often and, in turn, explain what ducting the studies will send modified as new traffic they have learned about "traf- its information to headquar- changes take place and con- fic desires." ters in Sacramento for review struction -time approaches. (Desire line is traffic engi- and approval. Then the ap- During this time the close neer shorthand for where the proved studies will be ex- association of local and state bulk of the people are driv- plained to the city or county people will continue with ing from and where they planning and engineering peo- local planners looking out for want to drive to. It is usually ple and to local officials, and the traffic requirements of shorter and more direct than after this to the general pub- new firehouses, schools, shop- the way they actually have to lic in the traditional public ping centers, industrial parks go, and, when it is indicated hearing and in informal in- and subdivisions; and state on a map, it is often taken to formation meetings. people keeping an eye on all straight-line these things plus the protec- be that mythical These will be simple illus- are supposed tion of the smooth flow of route engineers trated explanations of what to build if they can get through traffic against too always the engineers have learned it. many ramps and interchanges away with about -the various possible actually a reference too closely spaced. (It is routes, with no opinion ex- always The need to have a freeway line which is almost pressed about which one they by the presence of agreement implies the need to modified think is superior. parks, have a city or county plan, such things as schools, A report on the public hear- office building and and this has acted both as a hospitals, ing, together with statements the freeway spur to local planning and as so forth that by local public officials, pub- around or over or a way to lend state help in must go lic correspondence sparked by The search is essen- this direction. under. the hearing, and a complete that will A professor of city plan- tially for the route transcript of the proceedings community the ning, T. J. Kent, of the Uni- disrupt the will be sent to Sacramento the most eco- versity of California, has least and be where the State Highway En- while straying said: nomical, not gineer and his staff will study too from the theoretical "I also feel quite certain far the material and the Highway line the needs that the constructive hard- that satisfies Engineer will recommend to and of those who drive driving postwar program of desires the commission the alternate cars these days is the California State Division —which he considers best. ~Sractically everybody.) of Highways to provide free- The commission then: (a) The state are re- ways in and around the cities engineers notifies the city or county quired to notify and consult a of the state will be seen in that it intends to adopt a free- long of federal, state and retrospect, as one of the list way route connecting points about major explanations for the es- local agencies things A and B, (b) sends along the water, redevelop- tablishment of effective local like transit, State Highway Engineer's housing, fish planning programs and the ment and public map showing how he pro- conser- preparation and use of gen- and game, parks and poses to accomplish this con- work eral plans by our city and vation. They also with nection, and (c) asks if the county governments during highway advisory committees, city or county believes an- commerce, busi- the. decade of tie 1950's." chambers of other public hearing would and So what started out as a nessmen's associations, be in the public interest. civic improvement clubs. friendly okay and a hand- During the preliminaries, a Usually the reply is "No," shake over who would oil the lot' of alternate lines will and the commission, if it road, or feed the hayburners be looked over. As studies agrees with the engineer's that pulled the scraper, has progress some of these will recommendation, goes ahead evolved into an invaluable in- be dropped from contention and adopts the route. Where strument of city and county when some practical impossi- the city or county asks for a as well as of statewide plan- bility shows up (such as a further hearing before adop- ning.

6

eliminated. been been have have will will some some drivers drivers for for difficult difficult

so been been have have which which switchbacks switchbacks the the and and bettered, bettered, substantially substantially

been have have will will and and alignment alignment grade grade the the 1966, 1966, late late in in possibly possibly

completed, are are contracts contracts three three call call When When Canyon. Canyon. Creek Creek Vining Vining

Lee of of cliffs cliffs the the high, high, shier shier along along particularly particularly road, road, this this improve improve

and 120 120 here here to to widen widen Route Route Sign Sign State State on on let let been been have have

contracts separate separate three three dollars, dollars, million million a a half half and and five five more more than than of of

cost a a At At outside outside Lee Lee Vining. Vining. of of gust gust the the floor floor valley valley to to gate gate down down

park way way the the the the from from all all modernization modernization extensive extensive undergoing undergoing

is Pass, Pass, Tioga Tioga Park Park via via National National to to Yosemite Yosemite entrance entrance eastern eastern the the

roads, frightening frightening most most California's California's of of been been one one has has What What

west

rugged

the

meet

roadbuzlders

where

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.~ ,r Member of Division of Highways survey crew working on rock face when staking for realignment was in progress. U.S. Marines at Pickle Meadows Mountain Warfare training base put highway personnel through course in rock climbing.

On the left, looking up Lee Vining Canyon, with old section of Highway 120 passing diagonally across picture. Around curve at upper center is Lake Ellery. Glacial carving is everywhere apparent in this photo.

~. ...~ ~`~ ~ ~; :°<~..

The present route through Tioga was a traditional trail for the Indians for thousands of years. Through Yosemite the rich "Sheepherder Mine" silver lode was dis- and down several canyons, including Lee Vining, the west- In 1860 lost the same year, but was rediscovered in ern slope Miwoks came with acorns, beads, baskets, and covered and other trade goods, to take back things like insect larvae, 1874. early 1880's the mining developments of the Tioga buffalo robes, salt, and obsidian which they obtained in By the Ridge were in full swing, with the Great Sierra Consoli- exchange from the eastern slope Piutes. Silver Mining Company driving a tunnel deep into From the early 1850's on, prospectors crisscrossed the dated the mountain in search of an elusive vein. More than 350 area, and many claims were located. Copperopolis, in Cala- were located in the vicinity, and Bennettville was veras County, became the railhead for travel into Yosemite, claims as an official post office. The enthusiastic in- and the Big Oak Flat road connected to it. Today this is established habitants claimed the town would rapidly grow to 50,000 still the continuation of the Tioga Pass State Route 120 people. when it leaves the park at the western side. With so many prospectors and other opportunists travel- In 1881 there was a telegraph line from the east side ing through, the fame of the scenic valley began to spread, through the neighboring development of Lundy, then to and many visitors came to enjoy the beauty. As early as Bennettville, and on into the Yosemite Valley. In 1882 the 1864 Yosemite was made a state park, and in 1890 became California and Yosemite Short Line Railroad was incorpo- a national park. rated in Sacramento to run from Modesto to the Mono Val- The growing popularity of Yosemite Valley as a tourist ley either through Lee Vining Canyon or McLean Pass, attraction had considerable effect on development of roads with its principle destination Bennettville. Although this on the western side, but mining was the stimulant which route was never built, the surveys •ere completed. brought the road on through the park to the eastern side. In 1882 the Great Sierra Company, suffering from its 7

1915.

in in Trail Trail Muir Muir John John the the out out state state laid laid engineers engineers

Bennettville..

the

when when again again

increased increased

was was This This up. up. build build to to load load began began

the the of of Road Road at at

site site Tioga Tioga the the Mine Mine

of abandoned abandoned town town

traffic the the automobile, automobile,

the the

of of

admission admission the the with with but but Valley, Valley,

Pass Pass Lundy Lundy Pass, Pass, or or Dore Dore ridge ridge at at

then then the to to connected connected

Sacramento the the to to Road Road

Wagon Wagon

Tahoe Tahoe

the the via via back back and and

Lake Lake and and past past It It Lundy Lundy

climbed climbed

crossed crossed the

presumably presumably

Tahoe to to loop loop the the made made and and

through through

trip trip the the took took parties parties

where where Road Road and and Pole Pole now now Line Line heads heads east.

approximately approximately

wagon prepared prepared well-

Occasionally, Occasionally,

park. park. the the in in allowed allowed

Lake Lake of of the the

Mono Mono foot foot today's today's Grade, Conway Conway

about about at at

first were were automobiles automobiles when when 1913, 1913,

about about

until until attention attention

the the Creek Creek above north from from Route Route -south -south turned turned west west route route

much get get not not did did route route the the

body, body,

advisory advisory

an an than than more more

was was third third The The Mill the the Vining Vining possibility. possibility.

Canyon Canyon route route

became Commission Commission Highway Highway

State State

the the

when when 1917, 1917, until until

Bloody Bloody and and Lee

was was a a the the through through Canyon, Canyon, second second Creek, Creek,

Engineer State State the the under under

remained remained

road road

the the Although Although One One was was

via via Mill alternatives alternatives were were Three Three considered. considered.

estirnated. originally originally

$30,000 $30,000

the the

rather rather than than $75,000, $75,000, than than

this this is is

120. Route Route

rnore was was agencies agencies various various

the the by by expenditure expenditure construction construction Road. Road. the the Oak Oak Today and and Flat Flat dig dig

down down continue continue Road, Road,

Total 1910. 1910. about about work work

the the

to to over over complete complete took took company company

would would Tioga Tioga with with Mine The The

the the road road east east connect connect side side

bonding his his and and

specifications, specifications,

the the

out out carrying carrying in in state state the the

395, 395, Road." "Mono "Mono called called then then US US is is the the

Basin Basin but but was was Lake Lake

satisfy to to failed failed

contractor contractor

the the job job this this On On let. let. was was job job the the

the the on on and then then which which tion tion today unbuilt unbuilt -south -south north- route route

of portion portion higher higher

the the for for

contract contract second second a a and and highway, highway,

a a and and County County in in Mono Mono County, County, with with

connec- terminated terminated

the for for $25,000 $25,000 another another

voted voted

Legislature Legislature the the 1903 1903 In In

at at

Gilroy, Gilroy, in in which which started started Santa Santa Clara recommended recommended

work. the the complete complete

had had

to to

state state

the the 1905 1905 in in and and job, job, this this

of of

settled settled areas areas the the to to more more west. west.

the the A A nection nection route route was

on obligations obligations his his in in failed failed

contractor contractor The The

turnouts. turnouts. foot foot

and and

vicinity vicinity who who Mono Mono were were County County begging begging fora fora con-

18- with with wide wide feet feet 12 12

road road

a a

for for

called called Specifications Specifications tract. tract.

was was

ensuing ensuing years, years,

given given the the in in heed heed and and to to 1895 1895

of citizens citizens

con- in in let let were were

route route

the the

of of part part

lower lower the the of of miles miles few few by by state state

In In studies studies

special special the the the the highway highway

commissioners

the the first in in 1902 1902 and and completed, completed, were were surveys surveys

1901 1901 By By just just for for that. it it park park used used

work. the the for for

the

patroling patroling troopers troopers the the

a a cavalryman, cavalryman, was was U.S. U.S.

Army Army

$25,000 appropriated appropriated

already already

had had

Legislature Legislature

State State

the the

year, year,

day of of

that that

ranger ranger the the park park

Since Since pack pack a a train train trail. trail. than than

of of that February February In In Canyon. Canyon.

Lee Lee

Vining Vining

recommended recommended

better it it little little was was

park, park, a a national national

when when became became Yosemite Yosemite

again and and routes, routes, possible possible three three

the the

restudied restudied

again again

ber, ber,

by by 1890, and and

deteriorated, deteriorated, rapidly rapidly the the roadbed roadbed

tenance, tenance,

mem- a a was was commissioner commissioner

highway highway state state one one

which which

of of

War, War,

main- funds funds for for no no

With With collectors. collectors. pay pay to to

revenue revenue enough enough

of Secretary Secretary the the serving serving

commission commission

a a 1899 1899

special special

In In

not was was there there and and off off

rapidly, rapidly,

traffic traffic toll toll dropped dropped

road, road,

road. the the build build to to $30,000 $30,000

of of

a a

total total

recommended recommended

mission mission

a as as

built built was was Although Although

area area

abandoned. abandoned.

the the Bennettville Bennettville

com- the the Afterward, Afterward, foot. foot.

route route on on

entire entire

over over

the the

went went

and

year, year, following following

the the in in petered petered out out for for mines mines the the of of

ore, ore,

actually 1898, 1898, in in Manson, Manson, Commissioner Commissioner

recommendation, recommendation,

a a wagonload

single single never never the the

carried carried

road road In In anticlimax, anticlimax,

his in in was was right right he he sure sure be be To To recreational. recreational.

is is

the the of of traffic traffic

time. at at one one

working working were were

monkeys" monkeys" "powder "powder hundred a a

much and and settled, settled, sparsely sparsely is is

here here

only only side side

east east

the the

today today

Lake Lake Tenaya

of of

shore shore

the the

along along the the On On section section

powder. powder.

even as as value, value, relative relative a a was was this this

service, service,

in in

third third

was was it it

black

and and graders, graders,

horse

-drawn -drawn Chinese Chinese labor, labor, of of

bination bination

Although in in 2. 2. second second close close

a a 4, 4, and and

and and

3, 3,

categories categories 1, 1,

com-

with with a a

was was built built road road costs. costs.

The The

ern ern construction construction

in first first was was it it because because chosen chosen was was

Canyon Canyon

Vining Vining

Lee Lee mod- to to figure figure compared compared but but laughable laughable a a estimate, estimate, the the than than

hundred.

more

considerably considerably $61,000, $61,000, total total more more

a a mile mile than than of of for for

few a a minus minus plus plus or or feet, feet,

10,000 10,000

to to

close close

were were all all but but

a

$1,100 $1,100

be be proved proved

to to 4, 4, Cost Cost 1883. 1883.

for for on on use use September September

lowest, the the was was Pass Pass Tioga Tioga

service. service.

(5) (5)

and and

cost, cost,

(4) (4) son, son,

opened

in in days, days, being being

completed completed 130 130 of of were were

miles miles 56 56 road road

sea- useful useful of of length length (3) (3) slides, slides,

of of

and and

possibility possibility stability stability 1883, 1883, the and and

in in

was was April April resumed resumed

that that year, year, construction construction

slope (2) (2) elevation, elevation, (1) (1) weighed: weighed:

were were

criteria criteria

five five These These done to to

much much was was late late work work get get too too season season the the

Although Although

Meadows. Dana Dana in in

Road Road

Mine Mine

Tioga Tioga the the join join

Road. Oak Oak

Flat Flat Big Big the the of of terminus terminus the the

time time

Creek Creek to Pass Pass Parker Parker down down then then

Pass, Pass,

Mono Mono

over over and and Lake Lake

Flat, Flat, at at from from same same Crane Crane year year that the the

were were started started tion tion

Walker past past Canyon, Canyon, Bloody Bloody

climb climb would would

road road the the Here Here

and and and and cost cost construc-

was was surveys surveys

$17,000, $17,000, The The

estimated estimated

route. 120 120 present present the the below below

canyon canyon

next next the the

Vining, Vining, Lee Lee

to to

the the Road Road Oak Oak Flat Flat Big Big continue continue Bennettville.

to to

decided decided

of south south miles miles three three about about is is

route route

Canyon Canyon

Bloody Bloody The The

the the railhead railhead at at with with a a Copperopolis, for for connection connection need need

out out position position moved moved of of in in be be like like passed passed when when to to had had cases cases this, this, traffic traffic Drills Drills through. difficult. difficult. was was progress progress in in was was reconstruction reconstruction while while road road traffic traffic on on Handling Handling with Elephant Same view as on left, about a minute after blast. View of old section of Route 120 just after Elephant Lower end of Lee Vining Canyon road from blast center. Photo was made just before Dust has cleared su~ciently so notch blasted for Head shot. Small amount of rock on Head in upper excellent control of the shot. blast. Affice complex is right center where dust new right-of-way can be seen. directly above shows is seen.

By the close of World War I, there was great pressure After leaving US 395, on the first six miles of the climb for a better route into the park—an "all-year highway" up to the pass, the road ascends from 7,400 feet on the valley the Merced Canyon directly into the Yosemite Valley Floor. floor to 9,600 feet at Lake Ellery. At a few places the grade The Yosemite Valley Highway Association put 200,000 cer- goes to 7 percent and once or twice to 8 percent, but, gen- tificates on sale at $5 each to raise $1 million which would erally speaking, the new alignment produced by the design he matched by $700,000 state and federal money to build team gives an overall grade of slightly under 6 percent. the road. The certificates were to be purchased by each of However, Tioga Pass will always be a high mountain route, the state's 477,450 registered motorists (in 1919), in return and probably never will be kept open in winter. for which each subscriber would receive a season's pass to Of the three contracts which will bring this eastern portion Yosemite. up to modern standards, the first and completed one was perhaps the most difficult because of its height and the great In 1926, when Governor Friend William Richardson dedi- amount of rock work 'required. This job, started in 1963, cated this route at its opening, the fund actually shad reached could not be completed until late autumn last year, and, the sum of $112,000, but construction to El Portal at the due to early storms, it was for a while touch and go whether park entrance had cost $1,200,000! Where the old routes had it would be completed then. climbed close to 6,000 feet, suffering serious snow difficulties in winter, the new "water-level" route stayed below 3,000 Above Lake Ellery a three-mile section which continues feet, with snowfall negligible. The commission hoped to to the park gate rises only an additional 341 feet, and here have enough money to pave the new road the following year. a second contract has been let for widening and realignment. This project' includes a cooperatively financed agreement The National Park Service in the meantime had taken for also widening the entrance to the park. over the old Tioga Mine Road, and it still was the main The terrain here is fairly level and little blasting was neces- thoroughfare through the park. Some improvements were sary. However, -much of the construction is over glacial made, but funds were short, and the old route continued to moraine, with some of the soil being fine powder created serve, although it unnerved many of the drivers of the 20's, by rocks being ground against each other. Since there is a 30's, and 40's who, with the improvements in road design, great amount of subsurface water, even at the end of the had become somewhat less adventurous than those of the dry season, compaction of the fill is difficult. Also, the Forest first decade. Service has set strict requirements on preservation of the wildlife habitat. In places Division of Highway employees with minimum funds, the state made In the late 1930's, removed trout by hand from disturbed pools and placed nn the eastern end of the route, and some improvements them farther downstream. Big Oak Flat Road, which it had taken over in repaired the Work has been going forward this summer for four miles Wawona Road was also in the state system by 1915. The of grading and paving on a third contract, also let in 1965, park had three routes feeding into it from now, so that the costing nearly $4 million, much the largest of the three: This a single substandard route to carry traffic the west, with only lower job is costing about a million dollars a mile because park. Actually, only a small percentage of the through the it leaves the old road and continues on completely new align- the floor, but it was not unusual, traffic goes beyond valley ment along the steep canyon wall until it reaches the old to mountain roads continued when drivers unaccustomed grade about three miles from Lee Vining. through, for them to freeze at the wheel on the descent from the pass, causing considerable delay on the narrow right- The main deterrent to a satisfactory grade in the past has of-way. been the big rock face near the valley entrance called "Ele- In recent years the National Park Service, with Mission phant Head." In previous projects design engineers have 66 funds, has realigned and modernized the old road in the avoided this face, and kept the road on the valley floor until park, bypassing much of the Tioga Mine Road route. The it was beyond Elephant Head. This has compressed the climb current state jobs on the eastern section will now make it into too small an area for a satisfactory alignment and grade. possible to travel all the way through the park on a modern The present design calls for bringing the road around the highway. rock face by cutting a small notch to carry the roadway. Upper left: When blasting was necessary near contractors' and resident engineers' office complex, contractor placed big dump trucks as shields for office trailers. Above: Photo made in 1964 on middle Tioga Pass job shows baled hay used on ~. old sidehill viaduct to protect it from rocks thrown in blast. ti i ~y MONO ~ LAKE ~ Mt.Warnn NorfA P~ok~ Dae Poa p SoJO ~~~ ~~~inp CO/IM55 CMdN /sdoD LTpOp ploy ~~~e LEE VINING D

YOSEMI7 "1 E//iry CoAS I2 i aM' Tiopu Loks Tgyo Pon ~~ ~~°o Yf. Dana ~~ ~C 7 ~~ cP Gobr Ytnp~ i NATIONA r ~`Mmo Pa. D D % ron7 ~' CaRI '1 0

PARK ~ / CaM i' r Men working in shadow of bridge are doing preliminary work on supports for new sidehill viaduct. Bailey bridge carried traffic for months during reconstruction.

Traffic moving along Tioga Pass road, Route 120, before improvements. In background is "Blue Slide" area which posed special problems of stabilization.

10 By October 1965 the work had progressed far enough to proceed with the blasting of Elephant Head. The contractor estimated it would require 13 tons of 40 percent gelatin dynamite to do the job correctly, about a pound to the yard of rock. The quality of the explosive was important, as it was desired to shatter this rock as much as possible, to make it suitable for road base. Since the face of the cliff was so sheer, transport of this r~,An v ~ cw much material was difficult. A helicopter was brought in, and it made shuttle trips, with a 750-pound payload each chopper time. The dynamite was carried in a sling. The PROF I {..~ never landed. Each trip it hovered until the crew on the then hovered over the gang on the ground loaded it, and Sketch shows elevation and plan view of required construction of artificial rock face for unloading, making in all about 30 trips with riffles, pools, and resting areas for trout where channel changes were neces- the explosive. sary in realignment of road near summit. A seven-by-seven pattern was used in drilling the holes for the shot—that is—the roles were on the corners of con- Since the total amount of asphalt paving was insufficient tinuous and contiguous squares seven feet on a side. Depth bringing in a hot-mix plant, the asphalt concrete of the holes in places was almost 100 feet. to justify by the windrow method. The difficulties in main- The drilling and the placement of the charges required was mixed the necessary 60° in the mixture at times seemed considerable care and skill, for the old road, which was still taining insurmountable. Atraveling pugmill fitted with a carrying traffic, lay directly below the shot area, and a poor almost oil tank and flame jets to keep the metal surfaces warm shot would cover it with thousands of tons of debris which fuel special equipment designed by the contractor in deal- would take days to clear. On the other hand, one or more was with this problem. additional shots to "baby up" on the cut would be expensive. ing of the slidehill viaduct presented a unique The shot was designed to throw the 29,000 yards of material The footings they had to be constructed on the face of a to either side, not only keeping it off the roadway below, problem, since A "donicker" which had been planned on as a but breaking it up and dumping it in one tremendous shove, precipice. proved insecure, and had to be dis- to put it in position as fill for the grade which was coming base for the footing below the bridge there was a slight incurving through. carded, but of the rock face which gave precarious footing to rope- The blast was fired at 10:50 on October 15, and it was suspended workers. Two foremen refused the job before unqualifiedly successful. Not only did the material go where the contractor could get a man to take charge of forming it was intended it should, but the debris which' spilled over and concrete pouring. on the raad below was so insignificant that trafric was coming through again in less than two hours. The first vehicle through The footings were anchored by steel dowels made from was a utilities repair truck with crew to repair powerlines reinforcing rods, and set in the solid rock. A special type damaged by the blast; a casualty that could not be avoided. 5 class D (seven-sack) portland cement was used, with low Of course, at this altitude, the working days each year alkali and air entraining not to exceed 4-5 percent. As a on these contracts has been limited. Because of deep snow, timesaver, the concrete was mixed down on the. flat, and the equipment cannot get into the upper project until mid- brought to the job in Goodyear Rota bags, holding about May or even June, while it might be necessary to move out 1 %Z cubic yards. This method, developed for concrete work as early as October. On the middle canyon job, work was at radar stations on high peaks, proved very satisfactory. suspended the first year on November 20, but the second Tremie tubes were used to deliver the material, about 205 year the contractor was able to work as late as December 20. yards altogether, to the footing forms. This job was completed on October 26, 1965, after three At that stage in the job when it became necessary to re- seasons' work, although the original contract called for move the old viaduct, the contract called for building a only 160 working days. It had presented many problems. one-way detour bridge, but the contractor asked permission to use a Bailey Bridge instead, and a change order was walls of the canyon extend upward several The towering issued. The Bailey, a "double triple," was set in place across the right-of-way, and the sun shines thousand feet above the gap, above the old structure, and remained there a year, road only a few hours daily. In the on some parts of the carrying contractor's heavy equipment as well as routine is often cold on the warmest day shade at 9,000 feet it traffic. Of considerable help in handling the Bailey bridge operators working in these areas elsewhere, and equipment sections were the existing bin walls at either end of the working on a winter job, while were bundled up as though abutments. job were working in shirt- men in the sun on the same Although the road is not heavily traveled, it does carry a often operating really large sleeves. Because they were steady flow of traffic, mostly vacationers and tourists, dur- ledges, and the slightest pieces of equipment on narrow ing the summer months. In July 1965 this- totaled 30;000 of hundreds of feet, all three miscalculation meant a fall vehicles. The summer season, of course, is also the only of John Sexton, supervising project jobs have, in the words opportunity a contractor has to work on the road. Con- "world's finest operators." engineer, produced the struction of a detour was out of the question, and, although The extreme temperature ranges, and the cool days, of the contractor was working on and directly adjacent to course make working. with portland cement and asphalt the right-of-way, usually 60 or more hours a week, traffic especially difficult. In early September 1965, six inches of had to be allowed to pass through somehow. snow fell, and there was also snow in mid-October 1965, The problem was greatly complicated by the large as the contractor was trying to get the last of the asphalt amount of hard rock blasting necessary, plus the fact the paving laid. broken material had to be removed to disposal areas. Traffic 11 Widened route near Dodge Point here awaits final asphalt surfacing. Note snow on windrow of material which must be applied warm.

~: ~' ~~e ~ ~.

~ ti"`

Bulldozer operator here clearing blast debris from right-of-way in Tioga Pass widening operation bears out resident engineer's com- ment—"They had to be the best equipment operators in the world."

Aerial view of Route 120, Dodge Point, artd sidehill viaduct gives best concept of terrain and problems it presents to roadbuilders. This photo was made before road was improved.

12 R.

Section of State Route 120, Tioga Pass Road, made in spring 1963, before contractor began work. Curve in center of photo rounds Dodge Point, with sidehill viaduct just beyond. Contract now completed has widened road here, and provided viewpoint.

had to be protected during the shots, of course, but there This traffic problem was complicated by the arrival in was also the continual movement through the jobs of a August 1965 of the Inqua Conference—a group of eminent number of oversize rock Trucks, as well as debris on the geologists from all over the world, hosted by the Univer- road from the shots. sity of California at Berkeley—traveling in buses which The district prepared a very effective "handout" sheet, could not make the switchbacks. Since the Tioga Pass area explaining the problem to the traveling public, pointing out and Lee Vining Canyon are of absorbing interest to these the movement of earth and rock involved in the three con- men, they had come to study it. By pooling most of the by the local national tracts-1 %Z million yards—would require a loaded freight pickups available at the job, assisted train 430 miles long. These problems were met by sched- forest officials, all were transported through the job as nec- uling the hours the route would be open and closed each essary, and left at the end of the day in a happy mood. day, and these schedules were given the widest circulation Both the upper job and the lower job at Tioga will in all press media. No mishaps had yet occurred by the continue through at least one more season, before the new close of work this winter, and, since the job in the area alignment is graded and paved. The lower job probably most difficult to negotiate—along the cliffs of the upper won't be completed until 1967. Some inconvenience to the canyon—is completed, traffic movement in the future will traveling public will be necessary during this time, but the be much simpler in the construction zones. worst is over. However, it was not sufficient just to open and close When all three jobs are completed, the eastern entrance the route. Because of the terrain, the presence of working to Yosemite and the Tioga Summit vicinity will be much equipment, the narrow roadbed, and the tendency of trav- more easily accessible. For some of the things which will elers to stop for sightseeing, picturetaking, and an occasional be found up there, see the following pages. vapor lock, there was considerable straggling. While the Division of thumb allowed traffic 45 to 60 minutes to (Contractor on middle job—C. W. McGrath of El Cajon; rule adopted of Highways Resident Engineers Charles Jackson, Lloyd Hopper; clear, it was found expedient for a Division of Highways contractor on upper job—McGrath also; Resident Engineer E. G. vehicle to follow the last car through all three projects, "Lou" Wadsworth; contractor on lower job—Harms Bros., H-B gotten into Investment, Inc., & J. W.Briggs Construction, Inc.; Resident Engineer otherwise an occasional straggler might have W. R. Coons. During 1965 area supervisor was Associate Highway serious trouble. Engineer John Sexton of District 9.) 13

14

can can be be scenery scenery traced traced back back to to the the slow slow these these grinding grinding of of thick,

eye eye to to see. see. In In fact, fact, much much of of the the grandeur grandeur beauty beauty and and of of the

epochs epochs glacial glacial practised have have unmistakably unmistakably marked marked the the it it for for

deep deep years, years, have have canyons. canyons. million million six cut cut past past During During half - the the

present present frost frost and and its its has has streams in in stage, stage, rocks, rocks, its its cracked cracked

existed millions millions Sierra Sierra has has years years Nevada Nevada In In the the the the several several

States. United United

continental point point which which the the Whitney, Whitney, highest highest in in is is the the also also

14,495 elevation elevation its its greatest greatest reaching reaching Mount -foot -foot at at high high

As As southward, southward, it it higher, County. County. extends extends gets gets it it gradually gradually

of of Lassen Lassen National National to to Volcanic Volcanic Walker Walker Kern Park Park Pass Pass in in

the the five five road minutes minutes from from

stretches stretches of of course, course, from from there, there, the the edge the the way way all all southern southern

lady" little little old old a a available available to to "even "even This This cracked cracked great great granite, granite, and and piece piece and of of here here faulted faulted

in in a a sidewalk.

experience sub

-

Alpine Alpine

A A

the the way way pared pared a a tree tree to to forces forces root root slowly slowly up up a a of of paving block block

great great pressures pressures to to up up the the its its forcing forcing eastern eastern edge edge can can be~ be~ com-

its its uptilted uptilted eastern eastern and and face face Its Its slow slow rising. rising. response still still rise rise in in

western western edge edge disappearing disappearing great great under under Central Central the the Valley Valley and

The The Sierra Sierra is is a a of of single single Nevada Nevada block block granite, granite, with with its

area. area. The The layman layman can can learn learn to to of of read read this this evidence. much much

interesting interesting also also evidence evidence of of volcanic volcanic action action in in the the Mono Mono Craters

great great glaciers glaciers carved carved which which present present landscape. landscape. the the There There is

scarps scarps world, world, in in but but the the is is everywhere everywhere there there evidence evidence of of the

scenic, scenic, as as it it passes passes below below most most one one of of the the beautiful beautiful mountain

on on US US traveler traveler 395. 395. Not Not only only is is this this entire entire section section exceedingly

Even Even before before entering entering the the is is pass pass there there much much to to fascinate fascinate the

of of experience experience the the those those using using route.

at at of of the the things things some some in in the the vicinity vicinity which which can can expand expand the

ascent ascent will will make.. make.. pass pass of of the the easier, easier, much much is is it it helpful helpful to to look

Since Since highway. highway. the the improvements improvements now now underway underway on on the the road

which which she she can can reach reach within within easily easily a a few few hundred hundred the feet feet of of

even even a a "offers "offers little little old old lady lady a a satisfying satisfying subalpine subalpine experience,"

in in the the words words of of District District Ranger Ranger Jack Jack Reveal Reveal of of Lee Lee Vining,

visitor visitor its its in in .own .own right. right. The The terrain terrain surrounding surrounding the the summit,

outside outside country country park park the the has has entrance entrance much much to to attract attract the

eastern eastern entrance entrance to to Yosemite, Yosemite, the the Mono Mono Lake -Dana -Dana Plateau

Disregarding Disregarding value value of of the the the the Tioga Tioga Pass Pass as as route route the the only

beauty

enduring

is a a

PASS T~OGI~ `~ ~Ufldy QE~cel~ior Mfa Land/ LoM ~ izaas

D / ~~~ek s~~~ ~ \ QGilcriiboo~ak H0. ~~\ C~~q B/us Loks Ugosr Me s ~ ~ Crysfo/ LoR~ LoM od Onrido LoAe (, ~ ~ QMt.Wz ~~n

North P~okQ ~ AJo Loge X2242

~ Sodd/sboy ~LU Vlninq P~ok ~- Lake 11691 Mt. Connns~ 1259D ~-'~ Saddlebag Mono Dome ~ ~o Boat Resort 0 11614 ~a Ci~QUe ~.(( a .. °a Tioga Peak ~ Q II 513 ~WhiteZ M1n~M s,~ Dodge Point

~~ Bennettville Les Vining Fo//s ''~1, Torras o° RESORTS//pry Coke '~, 6ronils ~ Tiopo Lokss '~ Loks Ono e ~ ,o v~ ~~rs Travelers descending Tioga Pass f ~, ~~ catch this view of valley Tiogo Pale '•f beyond through notch of lower 9991 Mt. Dana Lee Vining Canyon. Odd- `~ tl3Q50 looking formations in middle distance are Mono Craters, with White Mountains on horizon.

15

16

lodgepole lodgepole pines.

are are Trees Trees mostly background. background.

in Dana Dana Mount Mount with with Tarns, Tarns,

Tioga of of one one of of view view Another Another

of of days days automo- early early the the

in in there there occurred occurred which which accident accident waterfowl. other other and and cranes, cranes, herons, herons, pelicans, pelicans,

unhappy

an an from from

name name gotten gotten its its phaleropes, said said have have to to is is Point Point Dodge Dodge geese, geese, coots, coots, rails, rails, bitterns, bitterns, teals, teals, swans, swans, ducks, ducks,

viaduct. mergansers, sidehill sidehill the the just just above above Point, Point, grebes, grebes, to to another another or or time time one one at at haven haven offer offer

area area Dodge at at pullout pullout

a a Lake from from new new the the of of Mono Mono valley, valley, views views of of superb superb shores shores the the lover, lover, bird bird the the For For warm. warm. eggs eggs their their

as well well

as as features, features,

these these

of of keeps study study for for is is an an and and now now opportunity opportunity heat heat sun's sun's the the absorbs absorbs rock rock volcanic volcanic black black The The nest. nest.

road road of of there

section section

to completed completed is is place place On On a a newly newly as as the the lake, lake, everywhere. everywhere. the the in in islands islands the the of of one one Negit, Negit, likE likE They They

"plucking"

and and

carving carving of of melted. Here Here has has glacial glacial evidence evidence walls. walls. granite granite snow snow winter winter the the and and somewhat, somewhat, warmed warmed has has valley valley

solid blasted blasted from from

be be

had had the to to -way -way -of area area right when when where where the the May May in in year year each each returning returning area, area, Vining Vining -Lee -Lee Lake

hard hard a a rock

reaches reaches it it pass, pass, the the in in Mono the the climbs climbs upward upward As As road road the the in in scene scene of of the the part part important important an an are are Seagulls Seagulls

of of vicinity. the the and and fauna fauna flora, flora, the the on on geology, geology, sheets sheets spring. before before starved starved Piutes Piutes many many followed, followed, winter winter hard hard

information of of

selection selection a a and and and and a exhibits exhibits with with parking, parking, nature nature was was poor poor harvest harvest nut nut pine pine the the If If gather. gather. could could they they as as

easy is is

Here Here Vining. Vining. Lee Lee the the a a yards yards left left outside outside much few few hundred hundred as as stored stored they they and and qualities, qualities, keeping keeping good good with with value value

on

ranger ranger station station Service Service U.S. U.S. Be Be Forest Forest to to at at sure sure stop stop the the nutrient in in high high food, food, favorite favorite their their was was This This monophylla. monophylla.

Pinus canyon. the the pinon, pinon, up up farther farther retreated retreated singleleaf singleleaf it it the the of of cones cones the the from from nuts nuts pine pine pinon pinon

and

camp camp cycle cycle warm warm of another another quantities quantities before before seasons seasons of of number number great great a a for for gathered gathered they they fall fall the the slopes. slopes. In In higher higher

terminated glacier glacier the the where where the on on forests forests point point a a marking marking pine pine and and advance, advance, Jeffrey Jeffrey the the summerrn summerrn in in collected collected they they

the the glacial last last end end of of the the to to back back which moth moth dating dating moraines moraines pandora pandora recessional recessional the the of of larvae larvae the the and and grasses, grasses, of of seeds seeds

valley— across across the the steps steps giant giant roots, like like are are berries, berries, others others lucky; lucky; valley; valley; the the of of were were they they when when deer deer rare rare a a and and rodents rodents

the the to to sides parallel parallel are are Some Some greens, everywhere. everywhere. on on moraines moraines lived lived glacial glacial see see Indians Indians area area Mono Mono seasons seasons the the other other In In

to begin begin Pass Pass will will toward toward Tioga Tioga climb climb the the starts starts and and Vining Vining necessities. for for tribes tribes other other to to surplus surplus the the

of of Lee 120 120 south south just just traded Route Route on on turns turns off off they they who who traveler traveler crop, crop, The The bumper bumper a a had had they they If If meal. meal. into into ground ground it it

they Mills. Sometimes Sometimes dried. dried. Mono Mono at at smith smith and and harvested harvested Piutes Piutes local local the the which which and and

a a black- formerly formerly Hess, Hess, Gus Gus lake named named owner owner around around the the garage garage 1923 1923 a a by by and and in in piles piles in in collected collected which which called called c.uzavi, c.uzavi,

in was was started started It It town. town. the the fly, found found not not the the did did he he local local belief, belief, of of larvae larvae popular popular the the was was it it area area Lake Lake Mono Mono the the In In

Despite was was loaded. loaded. not not know know did did a a he he pistol pistol while while handling handling it. to to available available source source food food major major the the by by

Aurora Aurora saloon an an in in himself himself killed killed classified accidentally accidentally he he was was when when tribe tribe each each ended ended and and mouth," mouth," "hand "hand to to almost almost existence, existence,

productivity region.:His region.:His Lake Lake Mono Mono precarious the the but but and and throughout throughout happy happy a a slope slope lived lived tribes tribes Piute Piute side side east east These These group. group.

eastern along along the the scattered scattered camps camps mining mining Dika" to to many many the the "Cutza "Cutza lumber lumber the the of of Indians Indians Piute Piute the the was was it it when when population population

his selling selling while, while, a a for for a a operated operated and and sawmill sawmill local the the the the for for of of canyon canyon food food of of source source major major a a once once flies flies were were Mono's Mono's

near near mouth the the settled settled 1850's 1850's he he the the In In the the in in canyon. canyon. steader steader skin. the the on on places places raw raw

first first the the home- "Lee" "Lee" Vining, Vining, or or from from their their Leroy Leroy or name name all all cuts cuts take take open open with with contact contact in in comes comes it it when when however, however, sting, sting,

of of Vining Lee Lee the the and and town town peak, peak, the the the the creek, creek, canyon, canyon, The The does water water The The times. times. at at them them use use flies, flies, the the and and smell smell odd odd the the

trails. narrow narrow Indian Indian the the of of to sides sides accustomed accustomed people, people, of of local local the the some some and and sunbathing, sunbathing, for for

at at the faces faces cliff cliff the the raw raw rock rock against against rubbed rubbed themselves themselves good 1852 1852 shore shore the the along along beaches beaches There There are are skiing. skiing. water water it it use use for for

in canyon canyon the the through through animals animals first first its its because because the the pack pack name name occasionally and and Lake Lake Mono Mono in in swim swim people people sometimes sometimes dog, dog,

to to gained said said have have is is canyon canyon This This evidence. evidence. much much glacial glacial has has the about about story story Twain's Twain's Mark Mark and and belief belief public public to to Contrary Contrary

Vining Vining Catayon, Lee Lee few few of of a a miles miles just just south south Valley Valley 1Vlonc~ 1Vlonc~ salinity.

into into the opens opens melted. melted. Bloody Bloody which which glaciers glaciers Canyon, Canyon, the the heavy its its today's today's lake lake give give to to basin basin Mono Mono small small relatively relatively

after from from stream stream action action resulting resulting alluvial alluvial fan, fan, moraine moraine and and of of the into into concentrated concentrated was was mineral mineral content content its its air, air, the the but but into into

mixture a a they they often often are are moraines, moraines, are are glacial glacial although although These These evaporated Its Its moisture moisture Russell, Russell, Lake Lake of of remains remains is is that that all all Lake Lake

of of Sierra. scarp scarp the the eastern eastern the the and, and, that that along along for for matter, matter, all all Mono disappearing. disappearing. were were glacier glacier and and as as lake lake debris debris both both glacial glacial

Vining Vining area Lee Lee the the in in hills hills seen seen are are and and ridges ridges which which from small small created created was was which which beaches beaches this this lake's lake's one one on on of of ated ated

the the many with with be be not not confused confused cones cones should should Mono Mono The The situ- is is Vining Vining of of Lee Lee town town The The level. level. 6,800 the the -foot -foot at at about about

craters. the the to to lake the the close close of of passes passes east east and and Station Station to to north north Benton Benton slopes slopes eastward eastward the the along along is is visible visible shoreline shoreline

continues which which ancient 120 120 Route Route its its part part State State and and of of Lake, Lake, exhibit. exhibit. That That Mono Mono of of volcanic volcanic surface surface the the present present above above feet feet

interesting most most 700 one one California's California's time time is is was was this this at at probably probably Mount Mount Lassen, Lassen, Russell, Russell, for for Lake Lake of of One One these, these, inland inland lakes. lakes.

Save old. old. years years only only 6,500 6,500 are are chain chain great and and of of made made a a evaporated, evaporated, Sierra Sierra and and the the Russell Russell of of east east Lake Lake the the valleys valleys ran ran into into

after risen risen have have recent recent most most the the water that that the the show show age, age, of of Studies Studies glacial glacial end end each each young. young. the the melted melted at at very very ice ice the the As As

are are say say geologically geologists geologists volcanic volcanic cones cones which which of of canyons. series series side side east east the the

a Craters, Craters, Mono Mono the the are are Lake Lake flowed flowed down down Mone Mone all of of to to south south once once Just Just the the times times of of which which ancient ancient rivers rivers heavy heavy ice ice noga earns, tiny giacier•matle lakes, are, like little gems set in rugged surroundings. bile touring, resulting in the road's only recorded fatality. ascent to the top of the pass. In this section are continually A pair of young men were traveling the road in a Dodge changing views of Mount Dana, Ellery and Tioga Lakes, and autgmobile, and the driver stopped to make a picture of his several lesser peaks. Here also, immediately adjacent to the car jperched on the side of the canyon, with his friend at the road, are excellent subalpine natural areas'. wheel. When ready to take the photo, he decided the compo- sition would be better with the car in a slightly different place, Both of the lakes, manmade for power development but so he asked his friend to pull it ahead a little. The car was a located in glacier-gouged hollows and Dodge of the surrounded by superb vintage when those cars still had a gear shift scenery, appear to be natural. About a mile above exactly opposite to the Dodge the standard shift. Unsuspecting, the friend Point overlook there is to be an Ellery Lake viewpoint put the gears in on the reverse instead of ahead, and backed off the left, and just beyond this the turnoff to Ellery cliff, to the horror Lake camp- of his friend, who stood watching, camera ground. Afew hundred yards farther along, in hand. on the right, is the turnoff to Saddlebag Lake, about two miles away over a mile or so A above Dodge Point the road reaches the head gravel road but normally passable for conventional passenger of the canyon, and from that point on makes a very gradual cars. 17

18

Wilderness Wilderness at at the the north north end end of of the the

lake.

improvements improvements

easier.

in in infinitely infinitely

make make Route Route 120 120 will will

vice vice boat boat concessionaire concessionaire

takes takes

backpack backpack

parties parties

to to the the Hoover perhaps perhaps on on way way his his 395. 395.

This This IJS IJS south south north north on on or or

the

rock rock ridges ridges

and and

battered battered

whitebark whitebark

pines. pines. Here Here a a Forest Forest Ser- traveler traveler will will have have time time just just quiet quiet sojourn sojourn for for a a a a of of hours, few few

another another

manmade manmade

one, one,

is is very very

dramatic, dramatic,

surrounded surrounded by by high is is access access to to a a portion portion big big of of the the High High Country, Country,

but but the the

average

with with

their their many many

intricately intricately

carved carved

glacial glacial cirques. cirques. lake, The The 1,300 1,300 feet. feet. Of Of course, course, from from this this portion portion of of the the

Sierra, Sierra,

there

a a

great great

open open valley valley

White White to to

Mountain Mountain

and and Mount Mount Conness, Dana Dana Plateau, Plateau, just just the the to to east east of of the the peak, peak, a a climb climb

of of about

pines. pines.

pole pole

places places

In In

the the open open trees trees

up up to to

provide provide vistas vistas across the the view view from from the the peak peak superb. superb. is is An An easier easier project project

is is the

of of side side

Tioga Tioga

Peak, Peak,

partially partially through through

superb superb groves groves of of foot, foot, lodge- the the climb climb up up the the ridge ridge to to the the summit summit

is is difficult, difficult, not not and

The The

trip trip to to Saddlebag Saddlebag Lake Lake

is is

a a slow slow

but but easy easy along along trip trip the the the road road here. here. Although Although somewhat somewhat more more

than than miles miles on 2 2 %Z %Z

type type

compressor compressor

left left

in in

world. the the

as as the the crow crow flies, flies, and and only only a a little little over over 3,000 3,000

higher higher feet feet

than

are are

obdurate. obdurate.

It It

turned turned

this this out out

is is

the the specimen specimen only only over over of of this 13,000 13,000 feet feet high, high, is is only only about about miles miles 2 2 %Z %Z

from from the the

highway

one one

piece —the —the

Burley Burley

Air Air

Compressor —but —but

the the rounding rounding park park rangers peaks peaks are are easy easy climbs. climbs. T`he T`he crest crest of of jVlount jVlount

Dana,

The The Smithsonian Smithsonian

Institution Institution

has has

been been

trying trying

to to at at get get For For the the least more more ambitious ambitious outdoorsman, outdoorsman, several several

of of

the the

sur-

Museum Museum

Wawona.

at at

special special interest interest with with small small wooden wooden

plaques.

gone, gone,

and and

the the

machinery machinery

has has

moved moved been been

down down

to to the the Pioneer cougar's cougar's tracks. tracks. The The Forest Forest Service Service

has has

marked marked

the the spots spots of

all all but but inveterate inveterate

history history buffs, buffs,

for for

nearly nearly

all all the the buildings buildings are wildflowers. wildflowers. In In the the mud mud

shoreline shoreline along along the the you you

see see may may a

agency. agency.

old old

The The town town of of

Bennettville Bennettville

be be will will disappointing disappointing to in in August August and and July July outstanding outstanding an an

display display

of of mountain high high

Forest Forest

Service Service

administered administered

with with

tl~e tl~e

usual usual facilities facilities of of that floor. floor. Here Here are are some some lodgepole lodgepole fine fine

and and

white -bark -bark pines, pines, and

best best possible possible

view view

of of

scenic scenic

the the area, area,

and and

the the campgrounds campgrounds are rock rock glacier glacier the the failed failed wear wear to to down down

to to the the of of level level valley the the

The The

vista vista

points points

have have been been

selected selected

in in

each each case case to to give give the each each in in its its little little own own basin, basin, surrounded surrounded ridges ridges by by

resistant of of

way.

and and signs signs all all of of civilization civilization gone. gone. are are There There several several are are tarns,

points points

where where vehicles vehicles

can can

completely completely get get

clear clear of of traveled the the is is area area delightful. delightful. A A few few from from steps steps road, road, the the across across low low a a ridge,

four -mile -mile stretch, stretch,

but but parking parking

be be will will permissible permissible at at other The The Inyo Inyo National National Forest Forest nature nature trail trail in in Tioga Tioga Tarns the the

This This is is

a a of of total total turnouts turnouts nine nine for for recreational recreational purposes purposes in in a months. two two

park park entrance, entrance,

is is

a a turnoff turnoff left left

to to

Tioga Tioga

the the

La #e #e point. vista vista each each evening. evening. camp camp The The took took -mile -mile nine slightly slightly trip trip

more more than

mining mining road, road,

and and

beyond beyond

just just

that, that,

than than less less a a mile mile from from the ing ing their their bedding bedding cooking cooking and and equipment equipment along, along,

they they made

About About

ahalf

-mile -mile

beyond beyond

is is

another another

connection connection

to to old the the mostly mostly block block and and by by tackle, tackle, hundred hundred a a few few feet feet day. day.

a a Carry-

short short

distance distance

apart.

thousand thousand several several feet feet precipices precipices of of impossible impossible and and grades,

has has

established established

a a

nature nature

trail. trail. There There

are are

two two turnoffs turnoffs here here a ment, ment, loaded loaded homemade homemade on on snowbanks snowbanks sleds, sleds, through through up and and

the the

white white

man. man. the the

In In

Tioga Tioga

Tarns Tarns

area area U.S. U.S. the the Forest Forest Service single single pair pair of of mules mules and and about about dozen dozen hauled hauled a a men men

the the

equip-

to to the the

natural natural balance balance

which which

existed existed

prior prior to to the the coming coming of was was brought brought up up Creek Creek Mill Mill Canyon Canyon in in March March and and April. April. A

nearly nearly

years, years, 50 50

the the

high high

country country ecology ecology has has nearly nearly returned as as should should it it go go hand hand with with labor, labor, 16,000 16,000 pounds pounds of of machinery

been been prohibited prohibited

in in

these these

portions portions

the the of of national national forest forest for in in February February that that 1882 1882 was was it it impossible impossible to to get get shaft shaft the the as as

deep

glacier-

created created lakes lakes

in in

a a beautiful beautiful setting. setting. Since Since grazing grazing has the the in in machinery machinery digging digging for for its its tunnel. tunnel. When When it it decided was was

and and

just just of of east east

Tioga Tioga Lake, Lake,

are are Tioga Tioga the the Tarns — small, that that the the Tioga Tioga Mine Mine crew crew traveled traveled last last its its lap lap when when brought it it

Farther Farther

along along

Route Route

on on

120, 120, miles miles 2 2 %Z %Z

above above Dodge Dodge Point was was It It approximately approximately today's today's over over route route to to Saddlebag Saddlebag Lake

Highways Highways viewpoint.

right right center center Division Division is is of

Behind Behind ridge ridge at at extreme

old old shoreline shoreline of of Lake Lake Russell.

base base along along of of mountains mountains marks

on on 395. 395. US US Lighter Lighter line

ridge ridge at at top top of of Conway Conway Summit

Mono Mono Lake Lake as as seen seen from

High High Sierra, Sierra, Mono Mono Valley, Valley, and Granite outcropping which resisted abrasive action of glacier remains as mute evidence of its passing, its polished surface gleaming in the sun.

View of north side of Tioga Pass, one of the tarns in the foreground. This country was prospected almost inch by inch in 1870's and '80's.

Perfect example of glacial cirque to be seen from road to Saddlebag Lake. Glacier gradually "ate back" into ridge, creating vast amphi- theater or classical "circus arena" effect. Peak at right is Mount Conness.

On the far left a view of Mount Dana framed by lodgepole pines, with one of the Tioga Tarns at right. This is virtually by road- side of Route 120, seen as light line across middle of photo. LEFT: Although not as common as lodgepoles, dramatically picturesque whitebark pines add considerable interest to the terrain at Tioga's summit. Peak in background is Mount Dana. 19 ~~ ~ .. ~ ~ _ ~~~~~t~`+~~~~t~ ~.v~~~ „ {rfit, i! 4~ ~~'~ f~~'~~ ~ •~ j ~ ~~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~."~t y = t t ~' S Try ~ .~ s '" 't, ~ ~ / 9.

1: c , w i ~ 't*~'a0 ~ `. s ~ a }i~yE r ~ t ,~ ~ `r ~ ~ r ~ ~1 Q ~-i 1 ! ~ ; { ~C i ^x~

1 7~ RI, ~'r' ~ ~ ~11~~~',r~ ~~ ~E ` ~.^ ~~~j;. ~ i ~~I ~~~ i , ~tsy~+ ~ r~ ~ ~. e

> y~i ~ I ti I > ~/ a

a~ t tit Ft, t ~!~ ~y''; r 1 ~c~ # ~ ~ / a A ~~. -~~° tY j ~"

w ♦ E' 1 t'~; ~[c ~ 'w~" r~~~'~'7r ~~ 1i'''~! ~ ~ r l ~ ,/ ~ i ~ F k't c~ ~ e ~ y'~ .~ st( { f: ~ 1ti ~s; +~ ~1 Y i~ y o I~ i j 4~ ~ ~

F iy

'f3''1~~,,~ ~ ~ 04 y ~~ils~ 1.x x ~` ~ ~~" ~ r~ ~ ~ 1 x,'~~!„+,~~ ~. '~'v.~ ~ ~a, j ~ I i f 1

~`~ i'~~ ~' ~- ;, °P1 qF, ~"`~ 'l ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~F~it~ ~,~.~ 11'.~ ~.: ~ art ~ ; p► ~Y ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~

dtit,~~~~ *►-iv *!r. a.~' ~~r; ~' ~ ~p,~.,l,.~r~c q ~y1~~'i,~,.4 ~ • i ~ ~ ~. ~~f/~ ia' ~fl ~.la i,~~1~. i Z ~ ii. 1~,~ '~ A~'~ ~ ~ ~ { /Yr.~ n~ 1 ~~1~ /~ ~ ~' ~ -~t~j~~iYr7p~~~'"~u` `"~~X 'fi3 ~y ~ 'r ~ '" ~+" 'y~:~t !, ~ ! ~ i ,$,. ~ ,r' ar +is. pa. J*'`f~1. ~ j, `~ ~# "~~~~~ ~` ? ~.~ ~.,re. ~ .~ ~~r` N~~'. ~~t~t~~~ t, r„~`- ~r r ~ ~i`, ~ Y ~i. J(.

.~ , y~ '~4 z_i=~ ~y~

'~ ~ , `'~ '~ ~ ~ ~'y~ ,'~.,~ '".~ t .k~r'~. r' °~'~"~""1L~ ~ °~i'~i 'll~ ~r. {~ day nt > #'~.~'ae~ ~~~~ .s ;~~,~ ~w. d .,F~ a1 t:+• s to c•.:~~t~l~~ ,Yr1 -¢'~r: ~ iR'~ ~~ ♦iis* ; i1~ *~ i.. µ+# y~ ~ ~r~ ~`~ ~ L, a ~ ~,I yr x"~„q` ,~4 y ~ f ye i~S f ~: ~~~r

~ ~'ti c ~+ w 2 1 '~ ~~ ~ t ~ ~+ s M.

~ ~ ,yY ~,~.r .. ,~,- ~,~i gip, .' V r g,.~ ~,r4' iI'' ♦ ~, ar'f'°'~' `s ~ ~ I ~~. r' ~~~ ^'i ,+$` . i~`R. _ , w ~~ °r k'~aa'ry~ ~ # "~. `S~ '~`~*"~'S~-~ t"t'kM".:s t ~ - .,. ~ r ...r

A s .oe

n .r ar'. ~ ~ • w t . - s ~ _ • a ~~~ ~:•_ .;~' rte., „`~'~ ~+II► ~~ae•R,y~7~'~_ i r: . .. ,~y.~ w~ tea... ,~Y~ '; ~ ~.~ ~ ~s ~n ~ L ~- rM. ~~e - 3 ,~.~ -~

1

+ '~. '.~' c

~y ~ ". .~+~,,,~ ~' ~. ~~ ~. win• er main1 enante ~4N ALL-YEAR JOB BY MARCIA J. MICKELSEN Snow fal►s on approximately 35,000 square o~iles in Califarnia, and from time to time natu~e'v white coverlet envelops about one-fifth of the state where the elevation is 5,000 feet or higher..This necessitates snow removal on ~ about 2,740 miles of state highway, from Mount San / ~~ Jacinto in the south to lvlovnt Shasta in the north, which '~~ ~~ in turn involves the seven highwa districts in the easterly ~ ~,, ~,~f ~ t ~~ half of the state. For some people, getting ready for winter was a simple task: They put up storm windows, added anti- freeze to the car, and changed to a winter wardrobe. For the Division of Highways, This 19-ton rotary plow is used in areas of combined heavy snow and high traffic volume, such as getting ready for winter was like Interstate 80 in fhe high Sierra. getting ready to clear a colossal driveway over and over again. To prepare for this annual long sweep, some activities were begun as long ago as last March. In the time that followed, hundreds of projects were carried out, and the same is true every year. November 1 is always circled as the cutoff date—after that possible snows could make getting ready for winter an afterthought spelled disaster.

This machine, same as above, can throw up to 2,200 tons of snow per hour. Power comes from two diesel engines (220 horsepower for propulsion and 335 horsepower for feeder and rotary blades). dome idea of the hustle-bustle a heavy snow fall brings about is indicated by a score of ready-to-go vehicles ranging from rotary plows to sand spreaders and snow Loaders.

Several passes on state routes—Carson, Hance stations. Many of the maintenance stations Ebbetts, Sonora, Tioga, and Monitor—are not in- are far removed from population centers. Some; cluded in snow removal operations. The elevation perched high in the mountains, bear fascinating and weather at these points is such xhat winter names such as Eskimo Summit, Dead Horse, Keen mai~itenance is too dangerous and too costly to Camp, and Fawnskin. These stations are the "hubs" pursue. On the average, these passes are closed in from which the men propel the big orange snow- late November and reopened around Memorial plows out to and down the roads, and to w~Yich Day, but portions of these routes below the passes they return after a 12-hour shift or combat with are usually open for recreational purposes. nature. Iii spite of the closure of these passes, there The first flurry of white crystals sets the snow are still plenty of roads to clear. All major high- crews to work with a full array of equipment. ways, including Interstate routes 5, 8, 15, and 80, The state has 440 snowplows of several types, 179 are kept open in all but the most extreme condi- motor graders, and 666 pieces of allied equipment tions by crews working out of 69 winter mainte- such as sand spreaders and snow loaders.

~~.

o f _, -.. ~,

fib

Ee ~ ~ _, ~> ~g "~

3 ~ ~

It takes a massive grader and lots of power to push snow from the traveled way.

23

24

Susanville, Susanville, in in materials materials traction traction be be may may needed needed upon upon very very little little notice.

District District

2 2

employees employees

cinders cinders load load

from from bunker bunker into into waiting waiting trucks trucks while while other other spreaders. spreaders. fill fill Although Although men men salt salt sky sky the the is is blue

~I.

~;, ~-- ~--

inspected, inspected, overhauled overhauled and and modi- equipment equipment is is updated.

stations, stations, a a and and time, time, at at but but all all little little equipment equipment by by little. little. was all

Onlv Onlv salt salt were were a a toted toted machines machines to to few few maintenance can can done be be

in in reduction reduction sand sand bunkers; bunkers; in in operator operator 11,000 11,000 fatigue. tons tons of

better better pile pile 100 100 feet feet maneuverability maneuverability high) high) were were as as well well stored as

tons tons power power sand sand of of steering steering (enough (enough systems systems to to have have create create a given

a a broken broken 88,000 88,000 were were axle, axle, in in put put and and place; place; improved 129,000

were were move move driven; driven; out out altogether altogether of of way way the the more more even even than with

made made mark mark highway highway the the to to enable enable a a in in snowplow snowplow deep deep snow)

to

once once lights lights made made inoperable.

differential differential come. come. The The modifications modifications snow snow stakes stakes (which were

prevented prevented and and freezing freezing corroding corroding

that

took took

place place before before the the ting ting snows snows had and and chines chines maneuvering. maneuvering. to to synthetic synthetic "No "No rubber rubber spin" jacketing jacketing has

Changing Changing wiring wiring on on -going -going snow these these tasks tasks ma- are are dwarfed dwarfed by by missions missions what for for more more efficient efficient opera-

Done Done on on day a a -to -day -day replaced replaced basis, with with power power shift shift trans-

melting melting tional tional freezing freezing and and truck truck transmissions transmissions cycle. were

spread spread sand sand engines engines to to cope cope were were with with installed. installed. the the daily Conven-

top top damaged damaged help help by by throw throw chains, chains, tire tire more more and snow. snow. Diesel

is is poor), poor), patch patch portions portions were were changed; changed; of of larger larger fans fans black- in in them

aged aged by by motorists motorists with with villain. villain. when when snow. snow. visibility Auger Auger boxes

markers markers increase increase and and fixed fixed its its objects objects effectiveness effectiveness in in (dam- dealing

packed packed after after machine machine culverts, culverts, was was restore restore modified modified sight to

replace replace ment ment sno «~ «~ in in poles, poles, Sacramento. Sacramento. unplug unplug snow- Machine

shipped shipped cidental cidental bad bad to to to to the the weather. weather. Equipment Equipment They Depart-

the the ment ment use use slated slated reprieve reprieve for for modification modification repairs repairs for for in- was

ways ways have have In In been been mid cleared, cleared, - March, March, snow snow crews the the equip-

storm storm ular ular subsides subsides and and ing ing the the operation. road-

~'~~hen ~'~~hen fled fled the the to to force force partic- of of improve improve a a the the season's season's clear- Automatic snow stake driver was invenfed by District 9. Mechanism on front left wheel determined when next pole should be plunged earthward by the hydraulic rig. Workmen place one stake every 50 seconds for a daily total of 600.

At right, differential carrier and ring gear goes by chain into bearing cage midway in "no spin" installation operations. At top left, axle is bolted together and re-installed. At bottom left, welder fastens air cleaner brackets above new diesel engine.

Beating a November 1 deadline, modified rotary snowplow is trucked to ifs winter home at Kingvale. Machine will see duty on Interstate 80 near Donner Summit. 25 _~ ~ __ ~ _ -_ ,. ~ .. ~

"' ~ ~ I P ~. x 3 " ` * 8 ;r V - 1 ...-. y a ~~,.t .. ~, i ~ .. !s~ a

i x '• m ~.. ?` t y" ^e,'~i y_~ t a' `'I~~' ~., ~ ,.. yP I.~ ~~

v' _R..~

~{ I~''~ R ~s ~~ ~tl',^~r~~ e + a ` _ @~ r ~ ~, ~~4,~~ , i~ a

,. i~ ~ _ ~ ~~ _. ~:~~ ~" r #; ~, ~x ~. ~g ~`~

When roads are icy or snow is falling, the motorist may en- In areas without wide medians for snow storage, rotary counter signs which provide two choices: put on chains or turn plows funnel their intake into waiting snow loaders. The back. Most go through the rigors of the former. loaders then proceed to other areas where they deposit their winter bounty. Chain control stop point on Interstate 80 seems to feature some last-minute frolicking in snow as well as chain removal on lanes. Motorists in eastbound lanes more westbound seriously attack the problems of putivng them on in order to drive Summit (elevation 7,127 feet). over nearby Donner

~~ ..~_~. - _~ _ _.n ._ _ __~ _ _ — t _ __ ~ ~ .~ _

~ a ~ E ~; ~'~t *e~ r"

~~ ' ~R §,~ *fit^j~, ~~ ~ 9~ `k~,. ,~yJY ~$d}~~-' ~$~ &~i ,a ~, ~ _: ; ,. ~ ~ r ,. w-

~ A`~ r ~ u~ ~.~..._..~. ; c s - L „*-_ ins s ~~ti r7 ~±-',f ,yr Ga ~ _. ~ ~ '"r +'r•i ~, c ~~~. am_ ' ~P ~. .r, . dfa z~"` `~ _ _.b._ ~._, ~ a ~ ,..' .,,,. ,..e ,k -c ~ i ~ - -~ .~ ~~

k~ ~,_ f %K ;, ' ..~+ T .~ ~ »;, of . , ,. _. ,. -. a e_~ r-' --.r . '~~ ,~ y ... '> ~~~ ~ uc _~ ~,. _.__ ~ .- _

i .P .. a. ~~_.. ,. ~~' ~....ar,~e.,

x ~,~~~~~ ..~~~~ °'

,;~ _~ ;~, the horizon. i Rotary snowplows of lesser size than in previous pictures can also throw a mighty spray across Department. ~ Machine capabilities have been increased through many modifications by the Equipment

this resort area by way of The Squaw Valley parking lot is filled! to the brim by cars, skis, and skiers who arrive at best known as the site of the Interstate 80 and State Route 89 (south). The area, which lies southwest of Truckee, is 1960 Winter Olympics.

Q

28

motorist. the the to to face face blank blank a a present present

to sign sign turn turn personnel personnel Highways Highways

clear, is is City City of of Nevada Nevada east east

20 Route Route When When fall. fall. each each repaired repaired and and

inspected are are mountings mountings on on turnabout turnabout Signs Signs

challenged. successfully successfully be be

can weather weather demon demon that that proves proves white, white, of of walls walls by by

flanked road, road, open open The The mobility. mobility. winter winter in in dividends dividends

handsome pay pay you, you, tell tell can can buff buff ski ski the the and and tor, tor,

opera- bus bus the the trucker, trucker, the the traveler, traveler, transcontinental transcontinental

the as as winter, winter, for for ready ready getting getting of of phases phases All All

40. US US old old the the on on been been had had there there as as

clear to to lanes lanes as as many many twice twice were were there there —yet —yet plows

snow- additional additional any any using using without without cleared cleared was was

year, last last Summit Summit Donner Donner over over opened opened 80, 80, Interstate Interstate

that fact fact the the by by shown shown best best perhaps perhaps is is changes changes ment ment

equip= by by

possible possible made made efficiency efficiency increased increased The The

road.

new new this this for for designed designed grades grades sloping sloping

gently

by by facilitated facilitated is is corridor corridor

transcontinental transcontinental

come. come. snows snows

when when

this

Clearing Clearing

proportions. proportions.

major major than than less less

9 9 station station

District District

of of this this

operations operations

clearing clearing upon upon

is is

dependent dependent

(foreground) (foreground)

of

snowfall snowfall

a a

after after

opened opened

rapidly rapidly are are

Lake Lake

~ ~

395 395

U.S. U.S. on on

tragic tragic

-south -south

North

Lake. Lake. Mono Mono

above above

ridge ridge

(background) (background)

Sierro Sierro

Donner near near

lanes lanes

eastbound eastbound

80 80

Interstate Interstate

main main the the

of of

east east lies lies

feet, feet,

8,138 8,138 elevation elevation station, station, maintenance maintenance Summit Summit Conway Conway

E .~ .~

. „ „ ~ ~

~ ~

,.._ ,.._

+' Gv~~

.. ~N ~N

.^'tea ~ ~

~~`6'+~ ~~`6'+~ ~y`^- ~ ~ r r

_ _ ~.., ~..,

~

~ S~ S~

~ ~

~~. ~~.

~, ~ w w ,~,~ ,~,~

~~~~ ~~~~

k~ `"fir `"fir "~,,~,~ "~,,~,~

~G ~G . .

+...

..~y~~~..~.. ..~y~~~..~.. ~.

~.

x.~?aw.,~*..

O

s

z

f

w

r

w

rc

w

r w WILLIAM R. CHAN EY

~~*~ ~ '~y, 5 _ ~y _ti 'i' u '+Ea~,a ~ ~ S ~ ~

Y ..~. ~ 's rg f _

~ fi ~ i a

"` h fir- ~ ~~.r~, ~r~~.-~ ~~"^~' .. 4,~_.~, _ ~ . s v~~ nit ?.~w - ~ y~.~§~g~.

~ ~~ +~ { ms s" .,~~7' ~.,,.

KW' `? X 'g y' x~*'F +~ .~a .y0 ~ ~. <:~~...

N CO

30

safety.

installations

important important

It Two Two

Marysville. Marysville. in in

department department

efficiency. impair

saving saving may may

which which

nature nature

of of

tion.

communications

radio radio

the the

for for time-

and and

flexibility flexibility

caprices

economy, economy,

the the

of of

advance advance

in in

ists ists

informa-

this this

to to

access access

mediate mediate

purchased

been been has has

its mobility mobility of of

because because

used used is is motor-

bination bination

advise advise

to to

staff staff

cations cations

im-

have have

media media

news news

Public Public

-snow

the

- over

for for

tracks tracks wide wide

com- -way -way

three

The The communi-

crowave. crowave.

highways' highways'

the the

bles bles

weather.

inclement inclement

during during

ing ing with

vehicle vehicle

a a new new

units, units,

these these mi-

and and

radio radio

ena-

frequency frequency

women women

high high

and and

men men

trained trained

chang-

constantly constantly

are are

which which at

failure failure

power power

of of

hazard hazard

lines,

telephone telephone

highly

direct direct

it it by by bining bining

of of

use use

the the

closures, closures,

Sierra,

the the

over over

those those

ing ing

reduce to to

and and them them

of of

tenance tenance

com- system system

road

communications communications

forestall forestall

can can

equipment equipment

includ-

conditions, conditions,

highway highway

of of

main-

improve improve

to to

order order

In In a

use use

They They

of

instantly. instantly. amount amount ditions ditions

no no While While

80. 80. and and

50 50

informed

headquarters, headquarters,

mento mento

erators.

con-

road road

in in

change change Routes

on on any any

relay relay

winter winter

in in

Sierra Sierra

the the

Sacra-

including including

offices, offices,

gen- state state

emergency emergency

with with

fortified fortified

can

who who

of

supervisors supervisors

their their

crest crest and and the the

over over drive drive

daily daily

keep

to to

able able

is is DeVore DeVore

are Mrs. Mrs.

stations stations the the

emergencies emergencies

men

maintenance maintenance

who

highway highway by by

motorists motorists

9,000 9,000 to to

7,000 7,000

these for for units.

and and

power power

the the

rupt rupt

surveillance

the constant constant

for for

under under

are are

traffic traffic of of

progression progression

mobile

and and

stationary stationary

all all inter-

with with

sometimes sometimes

ice ice and and

winds winds

lake, of of the the

north north

80 80 orderly

Interstate Interstate and and

safe safe a a

maintaining maintaining

contact

constant constant

high maintains maintains storms, storms,

ty, ty,

severe severe

monthly, monthly,

and

Tahoe Tahoe

Lake Lake

of of

for

south south SO SO

responsibility responsibility

with with

charged charged

Coun-

Sutter Sutter

of of

DeVore DeVore

serviced are are June June

they they

Although Although

US by by pierced pierced

is

passes passes

granite granite division division

highway highway

The The

Mrs.

dispatcher, dispatcher,

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SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

Resident Engineer John Feenstra (above) in- spects amaintenance truck buried in mud on Route 111 near the Interstate 10 junction. A total loss, this truck was the only vehicle damaged in the storm. No one was reported injured. At left, a mangled reminder of the storm had been a bridge (located at Snow Creek near Windy Point). It collapsed when By Paul Brown floodwaters washed out falsework.

In the series of storms which struck ties—was at Mill Creek on Route 38 in closed section's of roads and made de- Riverside and San Bernardino Coun- the San Bernardino Mountains. Water tours, as necessary. There were 22 clo- ties last November, Division of High- roaring down the creek bed broke sures (including opening and reclosures ways maintenance crews, working through the dike and undermined the on the same locations). Sixteen of these around the clock,struggled mightily to roadway. About S00 feet of road was were in San Bernardino County. keep the roads open despite flooding, lost in one area; and the storm wiped The.cost of damage to state highways washouts, and slides. Occasionally they out approximately 800 feet of roadway was about $600,000, of which about looked up from their work and peered at another section. a third was for emergency openings. into the darkness, trying to see the huge The second severely damaged area Riverside and San Bernardino County boulders they could hear bouncing and was located on Interstate 10 and Route roads suffered about half this amount grinding their way down the hillsides 111 near Palm Springs. Flood waters each. (Damage in Ventura County nearby. When the storm passed it left pouring out of the mountains dumped from the same series of storms was a nasty trail of mud, rock,.and debris heavy quantities of mud and debris on about $175,000, although damage to the over the highways. Interstate 10 along atwo-mile section state system there was relatively negli- Surprisingly, not a single State Di- stretching westerly from the Route gible.) vision of Highways maintenance or 10/111 junction. Route 111 near the Both Riverside and San Bernardino construction man was injured during junction also was buried in mud and Counties' boards of supervisors asked the storm—which, although it lasted debris. the Governor to declare the counties a week, concentrated its destructive About 100 cars and trucks were stuck as disaster areas. This was done. force into atwo-day period, November in the mud in this area. Mud on the The maintenance crew at the Pano- 22 and 23. highway was three to four feet deep in rama Station (on-Route 18 in the San The storm did not single out one some spots. Bernardino Mountains) keeps a record spot, but hammered away at a multi- The storm also left its mark at Snow of precipitation at that location. During tude of locations throughout Riverside Creek near Palm Springs on Route 111. the entire year of 1964, the rainfall and San Bernardino Counties. There A contractor's bridge, under construc- total at the Panorama Station was 19.7 were two areas which received severe tion on a new project at this location, inches. The rainfall total for just the punishment. One of these—the most collapsed when falsework washed out. month of November. 1965 at the Pano- severely damaged area in the two coun- During the storm, maintenance crews rama location was 2'1 inches. 31 ~~C~IDENTAL COILEC~E LIBRAR1f ~lG~l~ ~ o Pollack Pi~zes ~ree~~

Rural freeway bypassing Pollock Pines cg•ries average daily traffic of 11,500 vehicles in peak period.

By Ray Sorum hack into line." The road was first Heavy traffic on US 50, California's opened between Placerville and the first state highway, has been common- Carson Valley in Nevada in 1852 by Col. J. B. place for a Hundred years, and during Johnson and with a few deviations those years- it has bit by bit been from its orig- inal location has become changed from a winding,dusty, freight- US 50. The first stage line ers' haul road to a modern highway. between Placer- ville and the railroad at Today, with the route still increasing Folsom began operation in 1857 and in popularity, US 50 is being converted improvements began to follow with to freeway as rapidly as availability of moneys sub- scribed by El Dorado, funds allows. The latest unit in this Sacramento and Yolo Counties. Construction transition is 6 %Z miles completed in late during 1860-65 fixed the location summer last year, bypassing the com- for what came to be know n as the "Lake munities of Cedar Grove -and Pollock Tahoe Wagon Road" for more than Pines, and relieving the serious bottle- 60 years. neck which has traditionally developed Tolls were collected on the road be- tween Smiths Tranquillity of small community in the latter community on weekends Flat (near Placerville) and holidays. and the Nevada state line until 1886 returns as new✓ freeway opens In the late 1850's this route was when the rights were purchased by El the main connection between Sacra- Dorado County and the route declared mento, Placerville and Nevada's Com- a public highway. In 1895 it was offi- stock mines. By the 1860's uncounted cially designated as the "Lake•Tahoe hundreds of freight wagons rolled over Wagon Road" and the following year its dirt and corduroy surface with car- became the first state road in California. goes ranging from drygoods and flour In the intervening years the old to blasting powder and whiskey. wagon road became a federal aid route, Traffic was said to be so heavy that getting its US number, and today is a it was "nose to tailboard" and that if vital east-west highway which serves a wagon dropped out of the traffic the popular Lake Tahoe resort area as stream "it waited until nightfall to get well as the 32 year-round recreation areas AUBURN LAKE ~ 99 TAH~ ROSEVi ~O 49 \9

POILOCK ~ CAMINO PINES '~CRA M ENTO PLACERVR~E •_ -! -

FREElN~1 V PRO✓ECT

Project limits were from 0.3 mile east of Camino to 1.1 miles east of Sly Park Road.

At left: In 1963, traffic through residential area was heavy. Bottom: Now, two-thirds of the cars use the freeway. in eastern El Dorado, Placer and Ne- was built by Granite Construction Co. vada Counties and the State of Nevada of Watsonville. Work started in March —including fishing, hunting, camping 1963 and was completed in August and hiking, skiing, water sports, sight- 1965. Ribbon-cutting and dedication seeing, or just plain loafing at summer ceremonies were held July 28 under the homes and resort hotels. sponsorship of the El Dorado County Chamber of Commerce. Another freeway section, between Average daily traffic through the Ca- the Folsom Junction and the vicinity of mino-Pollock Pines corridor is about Clarksville, was' opened to traffic last 8,000 vehicles. Peak month ADT is November. The adjoining two miles 14,100 with approximately 11,500 ve- east of Clarksville will be completed hicles of this total using the freeway. later this year, which will make a The remainder is local traffic using the continuous -mile 15 eastward stretch old road. of four- and six-lane freeway from Using recent traffic counts, savings Rancho Cordova on the outskirts of to motorists are in the neighborhood Sacramento. of $1,000 per day average. Based on an The Pollock Pines section completes estimated 5 percent traffic increase per a stretch of 25 miles of four-lane high- year, this will amount to $12,400,000 in way between 1~lissouri Flat Road,three savings to the traveling public over the miles west of Placerville, and Riverton next 20 years. in the center of the county where the Time saved will add up to roughly road crosses the American River's south 130,000 traveling hours per year, based fork. Interchanges were built east of on the fact that the average 40-mph on Camino, which was bypassed by four- the old route will rise to a 55-mph aver- lane construction in 1958; near Sports- age on the new route. mans Hall between Cedar Grove and On the old road, within the project Pollock Pines; and at Sly Park Road limits, there were 59 accidents in 1963 near the end of the job not far from the and 72 in 1964. Based on years of state- eastern limits of Pollock Pines. v~~ide experience, opening of the free- The $4%z million cut-and-fill project way will reduce this by two-thirds. 33 °•.

and their do it yourself roadside beautification

Take 25,000 empty two-pound cof- The project had its beginning in fee cans, a like number of redbud seeds, 1964 with William Brady, who had the add a state highway and mix with the thought of planting redbud shrubs ingenuity, nursery knowhow and en- throughout the county. Brady, an ama- thusiasm of a community and what teur horticulturist, had developed a have you got? Perhaps the biggest do- successful germinating process that can it-yourself roadside beautification pro- simulate—in a two-pound coffee

gram inthe history of California.' container—conditions found in raa- The community is the City of Mari- ture. When Brady and a friend, Keith posa and the state highway is Route Kaylor, passed the idea on to various 140, a main entry point into Yosemite civic groups, the Mariposa Chamber of National Forest. Commerce and the Highway 140 As- Rows of redbud seedlings are nurtured for their eventual planting to beautify Route 140.

34 Governor Edmund G. Brown accepts a redbud plant from William Brady. Mrs. Brady watches with Robert Romaine (center righU, president of the Highway 140 Association, and Roy Radanovich (right), the group's publicity charman.

sociation agreed to take over. Brady prepares the soil for the planting of the first redbud at a special ceremony in Mariposa. bast spring they made a nationwide appeal for people to send them empty coffee cans. Thousands were received with many coming in by parcel post. The project seemed to sound a par- ticularly responsive note in Brooklyn for many were forwarded to Mariposa from that city. But Air Force bases, schools and civic groups from all over the nation also responded with bulk shipments. Since then 8,000 shrubs have sprout- ed and are being planted. The first was emplanted in a permanent place of hon- or adjacent to Route 140 during cere- monies on September 21. The date coincided with National Highway Week and the California Di- vision of Highways took cognizance of the project by issuing a permit au- thorizing the planting of a single red- bud. Later, a permit covering the re- mainder of the thousands of shrubs was mailed to the chamber of commerce. The project has received recognition from numerous officials and private cit- izens who are interested in beauty. Included are Mrs. Lyndon Johnson, Governor Edmund G.Brown and Cali- fornia's State Highway Engineer, J. C. Womack. In a letter to the Highway 140 Asso- ciation, Governor Brown said, "Alaska and Texas may dwarf California in mere geography, but when a group of cur citizens envision and carry nut a plan such as yours, it again proves that California is second to none in note- worthy accomplishments and love of beauty." 35 LIME STABILIZATION

Experiment on cohesiveness of lime-treated clay. Specimen A was kept damp before immersion; specimen B was allowed to dry before immersion. Nate B's more rapid disintegration.

.. .; California's Experience With Lime Treatment in Road Construction By Erryaest Zaibe a~ac~ Clyde Gcrtes 0

InTroduction Highway engineers are cunstantly seeking better and more economical ways of building highways which will safely carry traffic and give more years of service with aminimum of mainte- nance. This is a never ending job. De- sign criteria have had to be modified as traffic, and particularly wheel loads Have increased. Specifications for road- building materials have had to be more rigid as the supply of good roadbuild- ing materials becomes scarcer. Ne~v materials have had to be found and methods of treating or stabilizing the poorer materials have had to be devel- oped. Newer and getter methods of construction have had to be developed.

y_ ,. .. ~~, PHOTOS LEFT, TOP TO BOTTOM. A tank truck r° spreads lime slurry in an area where lime dust could cause damage to airplanes stored nearby. SECOND PHOTO—Mechanical road mixing of lime witfi damp aggregate. THIRD PHOTO—Large tank truck and spreader used in laying dry lime. BOTTOM PHOTO—Dry lime is converted into slurry in mixing tank. 36 Rock, stone, gravel and sand have plasticity of a caliche gravel used as a often called "lime." However, when long been used successfully and eco- vase course for runways and taxiways we speak of lime for soil stabilization, nomically for road building. WlZile at Chase Field in Texas. Since that time we think primarily of calcium hydrox- these materials are plentiful in many t11e State of Texas has been a leader in ide. Limestone is calcium carbonate areas of California, there is a scarcity in the use of lime stabilization. and has little or no chemical reaction certain areas. Many cif the good sources In the late 1940's the California when mixed with clay soils. When cal- of aggregates are being depleted or llivision of Highways became inter- cium carbonate is heated to a tempera- fail to meet the rigid specifications re- ested in lime stabilization. Our High- ture of about 1,800° F., carbon dioxide c~uired for modern road building. Ur- ~vay District 3, with headquarters is driven off and calcium oxide, com- ban expansion and zoning ordinances at ~~'Iarysville, vas very progressive in monly called quicklime, is formed. are limiting the development of new its application. Many projects, some Quicklime is quite effective for soil sta- sources. In recent years it has become of a maintenance nature, were con- bilization but is dangerous to use and quite obvious that methods of treating structed in EI Dorado, Placer, and Sut- can produce severe burns when in con- or stabilizing local available soils would ter,Counties. The ready availability of tact with moist skin. Calcium hydrox- have to he developed. a cheap waste lime in this area made its ide is formed by adding water to quick- use particularly attractive from an eco- Clays or clayey soils are usually quite lime. Calcium hydroxide cari also be nomica] standpoint. Two small experi- abundant in areas where good natural produced as a byproduct in the manu- mental projects constructed in the Si- facture roadbuilding materials are scarce. This of acetylene and carbide. Cal- erra, one near Truckee and the other aggravates the situation, since clays cium hydroxide is the type of lime near Georgetown, were particularly leave little load-carrying capacity normally used for treating toils in Cali- when successful *` and led vet and therefore to the use of lime fornia. Another tyke of lime, produced require blanketing on further projects. At the present with thick raadway structural from dolomite, is normally a mixture sections. time, dime is being used on ii~ore and ~~~Tany methods of waterproofing of magnesium hydroxide and calcium with more •projects by counties, cities, and bituminous products hydroxide and is called c~blomitic lime. or stabilizing the state. It is estimated that lime treat- clays such as blending It has also been used for stabilizing cer- with better ag- ment has been used on more than 200 gregate have been tain types of clays. tried but most have projects in California. Over 600,000 been impractical. The most promising tons of lime were used for stabilization Uses of Lime in Highway Consfruction stabilizing agent, in recent years, has last year in tl~e United States. The most common been hydrated lime. The results in use o~ lime treat- many cases hive been phenomenal. Lime Reaction ment or stabilization in highway con- struction is for subbase. These problem clays can now be con- There are two main chemical reac- Norri-►ally the "in place" clayey soil or loyally verted into stable bases and subbases tions which take place when lime and a im- ported soil is treated with and used in the structural elements of water are added to clayey soils. The about 3 or 4 percent of lime, modern highways. first is an agglomeration of the fine by weight of the dry aggregate. plastic clay particles into coarse friable The R-value o~ the un- History treated soil frequently particles through a phenomena called is as loin as five The use of lime for the stabilization and after lime base exchange. This action is rapid and treatment the R-value is of soils is not ne~v. Lime is actually usually well one is usually completed within an hour or above 60. This type of of t11e oldest man-developed treatment construc- two if the soil is pulverized and thor- has been used successfully on tion materials. Early history does not oughly mixed with the proper amount many projects. (R-value is resistance record the first use cif lime stabilization. of lime and water. The second action to deformation.) However, it is known that mixtures of is a cementing or hardening action in Graded aggregates which contain clay and lime were used in construct- which the lime reacts chemically with plastic fines can be treated with lime ing the pyramids of Shensi in the Ti- available silica and some alumina iq the and used as base material. Even heavy betan-Mongolian Plateau more than ra~v soil forming calcium silicates and clays have been treated with lime and 5,000 years ago. The Romans used lime alumiriates. This is a slow action which used as base material on secondary in subbases of many of their roads, in- continues for a period of a year or roads having light traffic. However, cluding the famous Appian Way. longer providing there is experience with this latter type of de- Some interest adequate was shown in lime moisture available. sign is limited, especially insofar as stabilization in the United States about heavy traffic is concerned. Laboratory 40 years ago. A few small experimental Types of Lime tests indicate that the R-value of many projects were constructed but soon Ground or clays, when mixed with from 4 to failed due tc> the lack of proper pulverized limestone is wearing 6 percent lime, can be f aised to 80'. surfaces. The first real lime stabilization •,Tl~ese projects described in article entitled However, designers should proceed project was consrtucted "Experimental in 1943 by the Use of Lime for Treat- with caution until more information Corps of Engineers. Two percent of nzent of Higl~way Base Courses" by E. Zube, California Highways is available on field performance. Sev- hydrated lime was used and Public to reduce the Works, Judy—August 19so. eral experimental projects are under- 37

38

layer layer

to to which which

it it is is added. added. Therefore, eral eral aggregate aggregate before before it it passed passed the into into patched. patched. California, California, least least In In at at three

excess excess moisture moisture

but but also also stabilizes stabilizes in in the a a slurry slurry was was form, form, added added to to the the min- and and backfilled, backfilled, holes holes the the tamped tamped and

lime lime

not not blots blots only only up up of of some some the Likely. Likely. percent percent One One of of hydrated hydrated is is poured poured lime, into into each each hole, hole, water water added

support support construction construction

equipment. equipment. The Modoc Modoc County County the the near near town town of center. center. About About one -half -half sack sack of of lime

treating treating

subgrades subgrades wet wet which which will will on on ment ment not a a completed completed project project just just and and in spaced spaced on on approximately approximately five -foot

Lime Lime is is also also

used used successfully successfully decided decided to to for this this use use method method of of in in diameter diameter treat- and and about about 30 30 inches inches deep

cost.

rected rected the the problem. problem. Therefore, Therefore, The The it it was holes holes are are usually usually about about nine nine inches

thus thus

effecting effecting a a substantial substantial fore fore •addition •addition saving saving the the in of of the the asphalt, asphalt, distress distress cor- is is minimized minimized or or even even stopped.

gate gate

subbase subbase by by as as as as much much treatment treatment two two feet, of of the the mineral mineral aggregate, aggregate, liilizing liilizing be- it it to to the the extent extent that that further

sible sible to to decrease decrease

thickness thickness the the handle handle of of area. area. aggre- They They found found that that permeates permeates lime through through the the subgrade, subgrade, sta-

By By using using

lime lime treatment treatment it it is is lems lems often often their their with with pos- aggregates aggregates pavement. pavement. in in the the Pan- is is claimed claimed It It that that the the lime

treated treated amounts amounts

and and raising raising cracking. cracking. the the Texas Texas joints. has has had had similar similar means means of of prob- holes holes drilled drilled through through the

ting ting to to the the

expansive expansive clays clays failures failures in in concen- to to due due raveling raveling the the stripping, stripping, and unstable unstable wet wet plastic plastic subgrade subgrade by

or or cracks cracks

in in the the pavement pavement tive tive from from aggregates, aggregates, local local get- shown shown have have hydrated hydrated nique, nique, early is is lime lime introduced introduced into

venting venting

water water which which might might pavements, pavements, enter enter joints crete crete highly highly using using sliding sliding highways highways absorp- fills. fills. this this With With tech-

serves serves as as

a a moisture moisture barrier, barrier, Modoc Modoc in in thus thus County- County- pre- both both where where asphalt asphalt distressed distressed con- flexible flexible pavements pavements and

expansion expansion

of of the the treated treated layer layer for for asphalt asphalt and and concrete. concrete. also "drill such such -lime -lime One One area area stabilization" stabilization" is for for correcting

crete crete pavements. pavements.

The The lime lime scarcity scarcity is is reduces reduces a a of of good good the maintenance maintenance mineral mineral aggregate technique technique referred referred to to as

soils soils

clay clay

under under portland portland cement cement In In certain certain areas areas con- Highway Highway of of California California Department Department there developed developed a a new

been been

for for the the treatment treatment of of expansive About About two two

years years

ago ago the the

Oklahoma

operations.

in in drying drying

Another Another

use use of of hydrated hydrated

lime lime has

delays digouts digouts extensive extensive need need or or for for moisture. resistance resistance to to

this this area. construction construction negating negating speed speed the by by up up aggregate aggregate lime lime has has treated treated satisfactory

way way gain gain knowledge knowledge to to objective objective in subgrades subgrades treatment treatment can wet wet lime lime of of Laboratory Laboratory tests tests drier. drier. that that show show the

LIME Ca Ca (OH)Z

~0 ~0 I I 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 0 4

0

0 Mg Mg NIL NIL NIL

Mg0 NIL NFL NIL

7 %Ca %Ca (C013

0.2

0.9 7.4 10

10

~ %Mg(OH)2 0.2 39.4 11.2

11.2 Mg(OH)2 02 39.4 %Ca(OH) 79.8 56.0 97.3

20

Co Co 97.3 79.8 56.0 (OH)2 20 O O O O Q

LIME LIME A A LIME LIME LIME LIME C B B

O p v

CHEMICAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

LIME LIME LIME LIME ME ME C 8 A LI LI

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

30 30

40 40

D

i

~ ~

50 j j 50

J

J

W

W

O

— 60 -- -- / I -- 60

70 70

O

BO 80

Cloy Clay -1329 Soil Soil -1329 Soil 61 61

-~- 90 90

EFFECT

OF OF LIME ON R -VALUE EFFECT EFFECT OF OF Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 -VALUE ON ON R

ioo goo EFFECT OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE ON SAND EQUIVALENT 0 60 60 Soil 61-1329 5 Clay 5D 50

4 4C W W W ~ 3 3C ~ 30

D 2 20 20 - --

10 10 -- ~ o ~ 2 3 4 4 5 6 I 2 3 4 5 6 `~ I 2 %Ca(OH)2 3 4 5 6 %Ca(OH)Z %Ca(OH)2 EFFECT OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE ON PLASTICITY ~F INDEX 30 Soil 61 -840 Gravelly ~ Si Ity Sand o II 10 D 10 20 a 0 4.

5 5 10

—l----+ Soil 61-1329 Clay ,n 0 2 3 4 5 6 2 3 4 ~ Ca (OH)2 5 6 2 3 4 5 6 %Ca (O H)2 %Ca (O H)2

COMPARISON OF LIME CONTENT WITH R-VALUE ON STREET SAMPLES OF LIME TREATED SUBBASE small projects with drill-lime have been MATERIAL FROM ALTHEA AVENUE, FRESNO COUNTY PROJECT constructed, but it is too early to deter- No4e: Lime content determined by Titration Tests mine their success. On a recently completed freeway in the Sierra, a large side hill fill began to show signs of slippage after a wet win- W ter, with failure apparently imminent. J a Horizontal drains were installed to re- move as much water as possible. As an added precaution, six-inch-diameter vertical holes on five-foot centers along both shoulders, were drilled through ~~ the fill, some to a depth of 70 feet, to iaoo 20+00 ~oo intercept the potential slippage plane. ao The holes were filled with a thick lime W slurry and again refilled after a period of standing. The fill has now gone J 2p through another winter without fail- z ure. It is recognized that the W horizontal v i.o drains had the most effect on the sta- W bilization, ho`vever, we feel that the a drill lime contributed somewhat to the o+oo stabilizing effect. io+oo 20+0o ao+oo 40«00 so+oo saoo ~o+oo eo. 0 STATION 39

40

and and additional action action permits permits menting menting 1962.

ference, ference, gates gates of of University University become become Pacific, Pacific, Stockton, the the scarcer. days. days. reworking reworking disrupts disrupts ce- This This

G. G.

Crates, Crates,

Fifth Fifth Highway Highway Annual Annual Con-

to to

increase increase

as as sources sources of of good good compacted compacted cured cured and and for for aggre- a a been been few

ment ment of of Soils Soils and and Aggregates Aggregates Clyde by by

}'ears }'ears and and

will will undoubtedly undoubtedly continue not not has material material after after reworked reworked the the be be *'California's *'California's Experience Experience Lime Lime Treat- Wfth Wfth

tion tion has has increased increased during during the the last last few Compacted Compacted soils soils treated treated should lime lime

The The use use of of lime lime in in highway highway sive sive soils, soils, when when under under construc- used used portland rollers. -tired -tired or or steel

ing ing be be maintained. of of The The lime lime use use for for treating treating expan- pneumatic accomplished accomplished -tired be be by by

proper proper compaction compaction and and adequate adequate during during bution bution construction. cur- The The tion tion layer. layer. of of rolling rolling the the final final can

ter'be ter'be used used and and that that uniform uniform controlling controlling for for cement cement mixing, and and distri- lime lime good good in in insure insure density density lower lower por- the the

that that the the proper proper amount amount This This of of gates. gates. lime lime and and test test has has been been wa- helpful very very best best roller roller compaction compaction for for is is initial initial to

tial tial for for consistent consistent results. results. It It is is lime lime rnent rnent treated treated or or aggre- in in necessary and and soils soils sheepsfoot sheepsfoot results. results. best best A A or or segmented

Good Good construction construction for for determining determining is is control control the the essen- percentage percentage of of ce- compaction compaction Good Good is is essential essential for

vairiations. No. No. method method developed 33H, 33H, was was Calif. Calif. in in compaction compaction delays delays 48 48 hours. exceed exceed

cluded cluded

to to compensate compensate far far construction years years Several Several ago ago test, test, a a titration titration test place place soils soils with with types types certain certain of of when

usually usually about about 0.5 0.5 percent, percent, should should be be in-

Measurable Measurable reduction reduction quality quality takes in in

more more of of a a little little

lime.

centages centages

of of lime lime to to use. use. Additional Additional lime,

and and water water lime lime to to aggregate. the the soil soil or or

limestone, limestone, grade grade

but but the the requiring requiring use

fects fects

of of

lime lime

treatment treatment and and the the per-

within within after after 48 48 hours hours the the addition addition of

permitting permitting the the lower thereby thereby

use use of of

used used for for

determining determining the the beneficial beneficial ef-

Compaction Compaction accomplished should should be be

75 75

quirement quirement to to

minimum, percent percent

(test (test

method method

Nn. Nn. Calif. Calif. 301), 301), should should be

thickness thickness compacted. and and

by by the the

hydroxide hydroxide lowering lowering calcium calcium

re-

Laboratory Laboratory tests, tests,

such such as as the the R -value

the the is is material material spread spread to to the the required

saving saving that that showed showed could could a a

be be made ally ally not not

benefited benefited

by by

lime lime treatment.

plastic, plastic, sometimes sometimes hour hour only only or or two, an an

economic economic

An An be be 1962 study study used. used.

in in Sands Sands and and the the

coarser coarser

silts silts

are are gener-

for for enough enough the the become become clay clay to to non-

grade grade a a required required high high limestone limestone

to reduce reduce the the amount amount

of of

volume volume change.

After After material material the the mixed mixed has has set set long

hydroxide. hydroxide.

calcium calcium cent cent this However, However,

equivalent, equivalent,

increase increase

the the R

-value -value and

proceeding proceeding operations. further further

with with

85 85

called called minimum minimum

ifornia ifornia per- for for a a of of

the the plasticity plasticity index, index,

increase increase

the the sand

and and corrective corrective measures measures

taken taken before

specifications specifications

in in The The Ca]- for for early early lime lime

It It can can clays clays make make the the

friable, friable,

reduce lime lime content, content, cause cause the the

is is determined

clayey clayey soils soils

or or

-clay -clay

gravel

mixtures.

Pacific,# Pacific,# some some the the shows shows of of the the data. percent percent than than 0.6 0.6 from from

lime lime planned the the

Lime Lime treatment treatment

is is

most most

effective effective

with

presented presented the the University University at at a a paper paper of 338. 338. If If the the lime lime varies varies content content

more

respond respond

favorably favorably

to to lime lime

treatment.

3 3 Figures Figures taken taken 2 2 and and shown shown from 1, 1, in in by by

the the titration titration method method test test No. No.

Calif.

Not Not all all of of

soils soils

types types

and and aggregates

index. index. plasticity plasticity results lent lent and and The The

The The

distribution distribution of of lime lime is is checked

nomic nomic cost cost

comparison.

improvement improvement R- value, value, equiva- in in sand sand day day two two

or or

and and then then

remixed.

struction, struction, should should

be be

based based

upon upon eco-

hydroxide, hydroxide, calcium calcium greater greater of of the the the

should should be be

to to allowed allowed "mellow" "mellow"

a

for for

treatment, treatment, in in lieu lieu

of of

other other types types of of con-

higher higher percentage that that vealed vealed the the the the

sist sist

after after the the first first mixing, mixing,

the the

material

haul haul distance. distance. The The

decision decision to to use use lime

study study lime. lime. This This re- of of ability ability

bilizing bilizing

the the operation. operation.

mixing mixing If If

lumps lumps clay clay per-

not not always always

available available

~~~ithin ~~~ithin reasonable

upon upon hydroxide hydroxide content content sta- calcium calcium

the the

required required

amount amount of of

water water during

is is important important

since since

good good

aggregates aggregates are

determine determine the the of of the effect effect tal:en tal:en to to

by by aroad-

mixing mixing

machine machine which which adds

~vays. ~vays. In In many many

areas areas

of of

the the

country country this

research research was was under- study study a a In In 1961 1961

amounts. amounts.

Mixing Mixing

is is

then then

accomplished

soils soils in in the the

structural structural design design of of high-

dertaken.

a a

is is slurry, slurry,

spread spread in in

carefully carefully measured

of of

utilizing utilizing

low

-

quality quality aggregates aggregates and

projects projects have~been have~been research research un- several several

Lime, Lime,

in in

either either the the dry dry form form or or in

Lime Lime treatment treatment

provides provides a a means

construction. types types of of for for various various lime lime

tate tate pulverization pulverization of of clods.

Conclusions use use possibilities possibilities of expanding expanding the the of of

soils soils

should should be be premoistened premoistened to to facili-

the exploring exploring years, years, been been and and has has of of many many clay.

ened ened

to to

the the

proper proper

depth. depth. clayey Dry Dry

stabilization stabilization interested interested lime lime for in in been been between between action action lime lime and and types various various

treatment. treatment.

aggregate aggregate The The is is then then loos-

Highways Highways Division Division has the the that that of of ment ment of of investigated investigated will will basic basic be be is is re- the the

proper proper

amount amount

of of for for material material lime

Materials Materials llepart- Research Research and and uniformity uniformity of of 1'he 1'he mixing. mixing. project Another Another

trimmed trimmed

to to as as grade grade to to provide provide so so the

methods methods hope hope with with of of the the improving

Research

The The compacted compacted surface surface is is carefully

tended tended explore explore present present to to construction

layer layer treated treated to to be be and and then then rolled. curing curing seal.

the the used used

for for

mally mally

evaluation evaluation of of lime lime treatment. treatment. is is in- It It

the the proposed proposed finished finished surface surface of of the is is nor-

MC asphalt asphalt -250 -250

Liquid Liquid

applied. applied.

develop develop tests tests improved improved for for better a a

in in or or imported, imported, place place is is brought brought up up to is

seal seal

curing curing

the the

time time

such such

as as

until until

In In the the near near is is future, future, planned planned it it to

The The or or aggregate, aggregate, soil soil material either either

damp kept kept

be be

to to treated treated material material lime lime

under under pavement. an an asphalt asphalt concrete concrete

is is as as not not critical critical delays. to to mixing mixing compacted

specifications specifications

the the

require require

treated treated

clay clay heavy heavy base base and and for for subbase

only only

difference difference is is that that lime lime treatment California

added. added.

again again water water is is when when

determining determining

benefits benefits the the of of using using a a lime

road -mixed -mixed cement cement treatments. treatments. The

action chemical chemical

the the return return of of complete complete

nn nn

a a

current current

construction construction

project project for

is is treatment treatment similar similar to to that that used used for

preventing preventing a

thus thus place, place, takes takes lime lime the the

A A

project project research research underway

nc~w nc~w

is is

The The construction construction procedure procedure for for lime

carbonation carbonation of some some dries dries but but the the lime lime amounts.

when ceases ceases only only not not action action chemical chemical Construction Construction Details sive sive concentrated soils soils basement basement in in

The ]em. mixing. mixing. after after out out dry dry mitted mitted to to from from pavement pavement expan- to to getting getting the the

minor minor prob- heaves heaves frost frost be be are are fornia fornia per- a a not not should should soils soils treated treated Lime- ~~Ilich ~~Ilich joints joints enters enters and and the cracks cracks in in

frost frost in in lems lems Luckily Luckily Cali- heaving. heaving. of of recompacting. fore fore barrier barrier farming farming a a water for for preventing preventing

incorporated incorporated perennial perennial previously previously had had prob- which which be- should should be be water water and and the the expansion expansion also also layer layer in cif cif and and the the

on on roads frost damage damage inated inated lime additional additional - heaving heaving necessary, necessary, is is working working layer layer eliminating of of clay clay is is in in effective effective

materials materials course course If If of of elim- base base existing existing undisturbed undisturbed re- material. material. than than the the that that six six sively sively lime lime inch of of treatment treatment a a

treatment Mexico, Mexico, New New at at lime lime Gallup, Gallup, strength lower lower Crave Crave usually usually terial terial will will pleted, pleted, conclu- results results the the have have shown shown

Depot Ordnance Ordnance soils. soils. Wingate Wingate At At the the ma- reworked reworked The The cementing cementing action. action. While While past past year. year. project project com- the the is is not not

subbases subbases frost frost and and damage damage basement further in in for for lime lime available available less less is is there there subject subject a a research research the during during of of project project

Hydrated Hydrated be be used used Therefore, can can reduce lime lime to to lime. lime. carbonation carbonation of of the the pavements, pavements, cement cement concrete concrete was was the STATEMENT BY GOVERNOR EDMUND G. BROWN I was grieved to learn of the death of George T. McCoy, former State Highway Engineer and Chief of the Division of Highways, who retired in 1959. It. was under Mr. McCoy's strong and capable leadership as State Highway Engineer from 1943 to 1959 that California attained a position of ~ireeminence throicghout the nation and the world in the development of freeways and other contributions to the economy, efficiency a~ad safety of motor vehicle transportation so essential to the growth and welfare of our state. It was given to hi~n to be the one in chnrge of the vast ex~iansion of our state highway system which re~iresented the expenditure of more than 2 %Z billion dollars and construction of 2,300 miles of multilane, divided highways. Mr. McCoy was accorded nationwide professional recognition and honor. He zuas elected president of the American Association of State Highway Officials in 1954. In 1958 he received the Thomas H. MacDonald Award for outstanding achievement in the development of highways. His career refderted great honor on our state and its highZVay program.

Internati~na~ly Known Former State Highway Engineer G. T. McCoy' Dies

A few years before her death a roar school, he attended Pearson's course there were fringe benefits "But there was one thing always writer intercie~ved A1rs. Edith Wil- Academy and Whitman College such as assignments in 28 different certain. McCoy Political pressure wasn't son on the subject of her (both in Walla Walla, Washing- locarion~ the first year. going to sway husband, George T. McCoy, who him, for he had no tc~n). But the pet projects. He was guided solely at the time was the California State He graduated newlyweds found mov- from college in ing wasn't difficult, by the merits of each situation:' Highway Engineer. 1913 with an A.B. degree, for the high- suz~rrna way department_ furnished The Administrator of the Cali- "George leas never been inter- cu~rz laude. It was at Whitman them that with a tent that included a port- fornia Transportation Agency, ested in acquiring personal wealth," he first became affiliated with Beta Robert Mrs. McCoy said. able board floor. A few packing B. Bradford, also was well Theta Pi fraternity. The scholastic acquainted with McCoy. "His life has always beeir on the honor cases that doubled as furniture car- "George society, Phi Beta Kappa, did ried their McCoy vas a quiet, modest idealistic side. He finds satisfaction not have a belongings safely to the person chapter at Whitman dur- next place they pitched who made immeasureable contribu- in building something worthwhile ing the years that McCoy attended, the tent. The McCoys tions to his adopted State of Cali- and enduring, and building it so as but when one was organized there kept on the move until 1927, for during those years fornia. He will be long remembered to do the most good for the most in 1918 McCoy was one of those by people:' he worked as a bridge engineer in those who knew him as a man retroactively chosen for member- who willingly Although preceded ship. North Dakota, as a highway engi- gave much and asked she him in for little in return:' death, Mrs. McCoy's words make It was at Whitman that neer in Idaho and Montana for the McCoy federal PuUlic McCoy's contributions have re- an epitaph worthy of George T. first met Edith Wilson, and when Roads Administra- McCoy, tion, and once again for the Wash- ceived previous recognition. In ad- who died Christmas eve, they graduated he proposed mar- dition 1965, at the age of 76. ington State Highway Department. to serving as president of riage, but she insisted that first she AASHO, he There were many facets to was the recipient of the wanted to ~o to an eastern school He remained with the organiza- that organization's man. He was a classical scholar wha tion until Thomas H. for postgraduate work. 1927 and then joined the MacDonald Award in spent eight years studying Greek California Division 1958. The Going east fitted iq with Mc- of Highways. MacDonald Award is presented and Latin. He was an athletA who Coy's plans, for for he, too, wanted to California's present State High- "outstanding service in highway won college letters in football, bas- continue his education. Although way Engineer, J. ketball C. Womack, engineering:' and track. He was an engi- his undergraduate work was pre- worked in close association neer and worked profession with And just before he retired in at his paratory to entering law school, McCoy for a number of years. 1959, for more than 44 years-32 of them separate resolutions honoring McCoy had decided to switch to "California will reap benefits McCoy were adopted unanimously with the California Division of engineering and intended to enroll from his highway planning Highways for the by the State Senate and the Assem- and 16 of those years at Massachusetts Institute of Tech- next several generations," Womack bly. House (1943-1959) as State Highway Resolution Number 34G En- nology. said. "Every person who drives on was introduced by gineer. But Assemblyman Editli Wilson had enrolled the state highways is indebted to Vincent Thomas of San Pedro, He was responsible for the spend- at Columbia and McCoy stopped and Ueorge McCoy, for much of the Senate Resolution 168 by Senator ing of rnure than 2 %z billiun dollars off in New York to help his fiancee system's efficiency is directly funds during• at- Randolph Collier of Yreka. in tax the period he get settled. He never got back on tributable to the leadership Both served as State Highv~ay Engineer, and took note of the growth and the train bat changed universities guidance that he provided for so progress of and he lived up to his Scottish instead and graduated California highways from his civil many years:' during Mr. McCoy's ancestry by making sure that full engineering• studies at Columbia in 16-year 'ten- John Erreca, the Director of the ure as State Highway Engineer value was returned for every single 1915. Department of Public McCoy Works, was and called attention to the nation- dollar. returned to the west a mayor and a county supervisor wide He tried to avoid arguments, de- coast, for Miss Wilson professional honors accorded had joined during some of the years McCoy to him. bates and controversy. Neverthe- the faculty of Spokane's College served as State Highway a master logic of Engineer. Mr. McCoy is survived by a son, less, McCoy was of Puget Sound. The couple were "His integrity was his always stated his recomxnenda- married shield," George T. McCoy, Jr., and two and in that city nn April 3, Erreca said in describing McCoy. tions and position in a firm but 1916. granddaughters. The younger Mc- "It didn't matter how big or small Coy also is an soft-spoken voice. McCoy's first job in engineer and resides 1916 was as a community's problem might be, with his family in Millbrae. McCoy was born on SeptemUer au instrumentman for the Washing- if it had to do with 1889, on a ranch ton highways, Mr. Funeral services were held in Sac- 12, near Milton, State •Highway Department, McCoy was anxious to know Oregon. After cotnpleting gtarn- and his about rarnento on Tuesday, December 28, salary was $65 a month. Of it and help if he could. 1965. 41 ~eauti ~in ~ Cali ornia

Four-level interchange in downtown San Diego at junction of Cross Town Freeway and US 395 through Balboa Park. Beauty of landscaping here was factor in award to District 11 from Downtown Improvement Association.

With additional funding for high- have won blue ribbons and two others District 7 office in Los Angeles to the way beautification, and more liberal- won merit awards in similar competi- District 4 ofrice in San Francisco, to ized directives on the spending of tion." head up a reorganized landscaping sec- these funds, activity in this facet of Winners in the Parade magazine tion there. He will also have additional highway design has been considerably contest are chosen for their success in duties as chairman of the District 4 increased recently. a "marriage of the designs of man and Aesthetics Committee. Replacing Gor- Typical of these activities area re- nature." The bridge awards were don in charge of the Los Angeles unit cent award of the largest highway given for cleanness and simplicity of is Richard Paine, promoted to senior landscaping contract ever let in Cali- design, plus the success of the designer landscape architect from his position fornia; appointment by State Highway in fitting them into their environment. with the Division of Beaches and Parks Engineer J. C. Womack of a special Starting in January this year, the in Goleta. beautification committee in the Divi- division instigated a new training pro- Since the Legislature made .the sion of Highways; and substantial grarn in aesthetics for all levels of em- scenic highway system into .law in changes in the Division of Highways ployees. Top-level engineers partici- 1963, this program also has taken long landscaping section. pated in six-hc,sr workshop sessions, strides forward. There is now a Citi- The three-man committee to coor- and beginning in February this pro- zens Advisory Committee composed dinate the division's efforts at highway gram is being extended to the 11 high- of specialists in design and aesthetics, beautification, and to develop special way districts, with special emphasis and also an Interdepartmental Coordi- training in aesthetics for Division of on the application of aesthetics to nating Committee of qualified individ- Highways employees, is composed of problems of design, right-of-way con- uals of the various agencies involved. struction and maintenance. Design Engineer A. C. Estep, Bridge Early in January the Department of In November 1965, the name of the Planning Engineer A. L. Elliott, and Public Work's Guide for the Designa- Headquarters Roadside Development Principal Landscape Architect D. P. tion of an OfJicial Scenic Highrway Department was changed to Head- Van Riper. came off the press, and was immedi- quarters Landscape Architecture De- At the time of the appointments, ately mailed to all local governing partment. The change in name was State Highway Engineer Womack bodies in the state. The booklet, which made as more indicative of the various said, "We are simply centralizing a spells out the minimum standards to be functions of the department, since program that has been in effect—and met for a scenic highway, goes into roadside development is but one part considerable detail on what must be successfully so—for many years. In of its responsibilities. The unit con- expected from such a highway. 1964 three of our freeways received tinues as a part of the Planning De- national recognition in the Parade partment of Headquarters. One of the introductory paragraphs magazine `scenic highway' contest. James Gordon, senior landscape of the new book covers the subject of This year three state highway bridges architect; has transferred from the responsibilities. In clarifying this point, 42 it quotes from the scenic highways ing its scenic value, should be pre- Division of Highways budget just ap- portion of the Streets and Highways served by including all of it in the proved in October," Robert B. Brad- bode as follows: "The department [of corridor wherever feasible, regardless ford, Transportation Agency head, Public Works] shall take into consid- of the visibility factor." declared. eration the concept of the `complete There has also been activity in the "When the Congress approved the highway' which is a highway which highway districts. In San Diego Dis- distribution of these funds to the SO incorporates not only safety, utility trict 11 was recipient of an award states, there was considerable specula- and economy but also beauty. The from the city's Downtown Associa- tion that some states might simply department shall also take into con- tion, for "Improvement and Beautifi- divert them to projects that could be sideration in .establishing- such stand- cation of Downtown San Diego." The financed from other sources. That ards that, in a `complete highway,' citation was given in recognition of won't be true in California, for every pleasing appearance is a consideration outstanding leadership, property im- cent of our share is pledged to im- in the planning and design process. In provement and beautification through provements that we know our citizens the development of official scenic the design and landscaping of the In- want, need and deserve but for which highways, the department shall give terstate 5 and US 395 freeways in San no funds were available." special attention both to the impact Diego. Unlike the junkyard screening of the highway on the landscape and Districe 7, Los Angeles, has ad- funds, the money for these projects is to the highway's visual appearance." vanced the cause of highway beautifi- a direct grant without any matching This section also says that "The cation through joint programs with state funds being required. It is Cali- standards ...shall ...require that communities and, girl scout troops. fornia's share of $60 million appor- local government agencies have taken The attendant newspaper publicity tioned to the states as a part of the such action as may be necessary to featuring the tree-planring program federal Highway Beautification Act protect the scenic appearance of the has been excellent. (See photo here- of 1965 that was signed into law by corridor, the band of land generally with.) President Lyndon B. Johnson in adjacent to the highway right-of-way, On November 10 a teletype went October. including, but not limited to, (1) reg- out to all highway districts to report State Highway Engineer J. C. Wo- ulation of land use and intensity (den- junkyards needing screening, so a pri- mack identified 31 locations where sity) of development; (2) detailed ority program could be set up for this safety roadside rests will be b}~ilt and land and site planning; (3) control of work. Although only about $100,000 five others where rights-of-way will outdoor advertising; (4) careful at- of federal and state matching funds be purchased so that similar `construc- tention to and control of earth moving will be available for this work in the tion can take place when more funds and landscaping; and (S) the design fiscal year 1966, a number of projects are available. Womack also identified and appearance of structures and are already in the planning stage. 10 highway locations where vista equipment." In December the Highway Com- points will be located and 27 others Typical of the chapter on "Criteria mission acted on a federal grant of where landscaping projects will be ac- for Delineating the Scenic Corridor" $5,214,000 for restoring, preserving or complished. is paragraph 3.3.3—Ecology. It says enhancing the scenic beauty of Cali- The right-of-way purchases will re- "An ecological unit is often destroyed fornia state highways. quire only $291,800 and the remainder when parts of it are encroached upon "Every project is a brand new one will be devoted to development. or damaged. The integrity of such that for lack of funds could not pos- The locations of construction proj- unit, and the flora and fauna constitut- sibly be included in the California ects are listed on the following page.

Los Angeles area Girl Scouts planting pines on the cut slopes of the San Diego Freeway in joint Mr. 0. Henry, Jr., of Western Federal Savings and operation between Los Angeles Beautiful group, Western Federal Savings, Richfield Oil, and Division Loan Association, Panorama Gity, of Highways. In December poses for picture girls returned and planted 200 Aleppo pines furnished by Los Angeles County. with Los Angeles area Girl Scouts Judy and Janet McKinley. Tree in photo is one of 1,500 eucalyptus donated by Henry's company, and planted by 200 Girl Scouts during National Highway Week to beau- tify state freeways in Santa Monica Mountains.

44

Lemon Lemon Grove; Grove; landscape, landscape, functional functional and and tree tree planting planting ...... 5.7 595,000

San San East East limits limits Diego...... 94 of of F.A.I. F.A.I. 805 805 Interchange Interchange to to west west limits limits Int¢rchange Int¢rchange of of Route Route 125 125 Diego Diego and in in San San

San San 22nd 22nd Street Street Diego...... 94 to to w¢st w¢st limits limits of of F.A.I. F.A.I. 805 805 Diego; Diego; landscape, landscape, in in and and $an $an tree tree functional functional planting..... 2.3 240,000

21 Route Route Solano...... 680 680 in in Benicia Benicia to to Route Route 80 80 near near Cordelia; Cordelia; and and tree tree functional functional planti.ng planti.ng ...... 13.1 225,000

San San 99 Calaveras Calaveras Joaquin...... to to Armstrong Armstrong River River Road; Road; and and tree tree functional functional planting planting ...... 7.2 200,000

152 Santa Santa Merced...... Clara Clara Line Line to to Route Route County County 207; 207; tree tree planting planting ...... 15.0 25,000

395 North North Mono...... Casa Casa Diablo; Diablo; safety safety of of roadside roadside rest rest ...... 60,000

Kern Kern At At Red Red ...... Rock Rock 14 Canyon; Canyon; safety safety roadside roadside rest...... 80,000

(nyo (nyo 395 At At Haiwee; Haiwee; ...... safety safety roadside roadside rest...... 15,000

Riverside...... 91 East East city city limits limits of of end end Corona Corona to to east east Avenue Avenue of of Magnolia Magnolia Interchange; Interchange; tree tree planting...... 4.3 6,500

60 South South Routes Routes Riverside...... junction junction of of 60/395 60/395 Avenue; Avenue; to to Pennsylvania Pennsylvania tree tree planting planting ...... 3.3 5,000

Santa Santa Riverside...... 60 8th 8th Ana Ana River River Interchange Interchange to to Street Street (portions); (portions); landscape landscape ...... 2.6 267,000

Orange...... Grove Grove 22 Freeway Garden Garden -Trask -Trask Avenue Avenue to to Manchester Manchester Avenue; Avenue; landscape landscape ...... 2.0 220,000

Los Los 11 Harbor Harbor Freeway Angeles...... -190th -190th mile mile Street Street to to 0.2 0.2 of of 149th 149th Street; Street; south south landscape landscape ...... 2.2 260,000

Los Los 7 Long Long Beach Beach Angeles...... Freeway - Willow Willow Street Street Road; Road; to to landscape landscape Wardlow Wardlow ...... 135,000 1.2

Los Los Angeles...... 7 Long Long Beach Beach Pacific Pacific Freeway Highway Highway - Coast Coast to to landscape landscape Willow Willow Stre¢t; Stre¢t; ...... 1.1 160,000

99 0.5 0.5 Tulare...... mile mile south south and and 0.4 0.4 mile mile north north of of Kings Kings safety safety roadside roadside River; River; 2 2 rests rests ...... 163,000 ..

99 Kern Kern Tulare...... County County Line Line to to Tulare Tulare Airport; Airport; planting planting functional functional ...... 25.9 160,000

Kern Kern 99 Perkins Perkins ...... McFarland McFarland Avenue Avenue 0.5 0.5 in in to to mile mile south south Road; Road; Woollomes Woollomes of of functional functional planting...... 4.0 25,000

Kern Kern 99 1.0 1.0 mile mile Herring Herring ...... north north Road Road of of to to 0.2 0.2 mile mile Road; Road; south south functional functional of of Planz Planz and and tree tree planting..... 11.1 90,000

Santa Santa 154 0.5 0.5 mile mile north north Barbara...... Cold Cold Spring Spring Canyon Canyon of of Bridge; Bridge; point point vista vista ...... 30,000 ..

Santa Santa 0.6 0.6 101 Barbara...... 0.8 0.8 mile mile mile mile south south north north to to of of Gaviota Gaviota safety safety roadside roadside 2 2 rests rests Tunnel; Tunnel; ...... 164,000 ..

crossing;free crossing;free planting planting ...... 5,000 3.1

San San Luis Luis 101 At At Santa Santa Barbara Barbara Obispo... Road Road Overcrossing, Overcrossing, Santa Santa Rosa Rosa Road Road and and Overcrossing Overcrossing Avenue Avenue Curbaril Curbaril Over-

Luis Luis 58 0:7 0:7 San San mile mile west west Obispo... San San Juan Juan Creek; Creek; of of safety safety roadside roadside rest rest ...... 35,000 ..

San San Cholame Cholame Luis Luis 46 At At Road Road Obispo... Valley Valley Cholame; Cholame; near near roadside roadside safety safety rest rest ...... 70,000 ..

Luis Luis 1.2 1.2 San San miles miles south south 1 Obispo... 1.2 1.2 miles miles north north to to of of functional functional Cayucos; Cayucos; and and tree tree planting planting ...... 2.4 10,000

Route Route $an $an Benito...... 156 101 101 to to west west city city limits limits of of San San Juan Juan planting planting Bautista; Bautista; tree tree ...... 2.4 5,000

25 At At San San Willow Willow Benito...... Creek, Creek, 7.0 7.0 approximately approximately Route Route miles miles 146; 146; north north of of saf¢ty saf¢ty roadside roadside ...... rest rest .. 25,000

101 2.5 2.5 Monterey...... miles miles north north of of Camp Camp Roberts Roberts Overcrossing; Overcrossing; roadside roadside rest rest safety safety ...... 75,000 ..

1.3 1.3 Monterey...... miles miles 1 north north of of vista vista Vicente Vicente Creek; Creek; point point ...... 15,000

Santa Santa 35 At At junction junction Cruz...... of of 9; 9; Routes Routes 35 35 and and safety safety roadside roadside rest rest ...... :...... 30,000 ..

Cypress Cypress San San Matco...... 114 Avenue Avenue 101; 101; landscape landscape to to Route Route ...... 1.1 25,000

101 Marsh Marsh San San Road Road Mateo...... Interchange Interchange in in Menlo Menlo Park; Park; and and tree tree functional functional planting planting ...... 25,000 ..

planting...... 15,000 1.4

Blackfield Blackfield Marin...... 131 Drive Drive to to 0.7 0.7 mile mile west west of of San San Avenue Avenue in in Rafael Rafael landscape, landscape, Tiburon; Tiburon; and and tree functional functional

North North Contra Contra 242 of of junction junction Costa...... of of Routes Routes 680/242 680/242 Interchange Interchange to to Olivera Olivera Road Road in in Concord; Concord; 236,000 landscape...... 2.6

East East Contra Contra of of L L Costa...... 4 H H Street Street Street Street in in Antioch; Antioch; to to landscape landscape ...... 0.2 22,000

17 South South Alameda...... Alameda...... of of north north Route Route 262 262 to to ; ; .. city city limits limits of of Fremont; Fremont; functional functional and and tree tree planting planting ...... 8.6 45,000

49 Depot Depot Sierra Sierra Hill Hill ...... the the Yuba Yuba near near Line; Line; County County roadside roadside safety safety rest...... 17,000 ..

99 At At Sacramento...... Grant Grant Line Line Road Road Interchange; Interchange; 2 2 rests rests safety safety roadside roadside ...... 130,000 ..

Alpha 20 Monument, Monument, Nevada...... -Omega -Omega 4.1 4.1 miles miles east east of of Washington Washington Junction; Junction; safety safety roadside roadside 27,000 rest......

89 Above Above EI EI Dorado...... Christmas Christmas Valley Valley on on Luther Luther Pass; Pass; vista vista point point ...... 10,000 ..

Snowshoe Snowshoe EI EI 50 Dorado...... Thompson Thompson Memorial Memorial Overlook Overlook at at Echo Echo Summit; Summit; vista vista point point ...... 30,000 ..

0.1 0.1 Butte Butte mile mile ...... east east 70 of of West West Branch Branch Bridge; Bridge; safety safety roadside roadside re ...... st..... 35,00'0 ..

299 3.5 3.5 Trinity...... miles miles east east of of V~eaverville; V~eaverville; safety safety roadside roadside re st st ...... 32,000 ..

21.8 21.8 Siskiyou...... miles miles 97 Weed; Weed; safety safety north north of of roadside roadside rest rest ...... : 41,000 ..

97 Approximately Approximately Sislciyou...... 19 19 mils mils north north of of Weed; Weed; vista vista point point ...... 19,500 ..

Shasta...... 299 1.5 1.5 Approximately Approximately miles miles west west of of Fall Fall River River Mills; Mills; vista vista point point ...... 17,500 ..

299 Approximately Approximately Shasta...... 4.0 4.0 miles miles west west of of Burney; Burney; vista vista point point ...... 16,000 ..

Shasta Shasta 299 3.5 3.5 mils mils ...... east east of of Montgomery Montgomery , , .... Creek; Creek; safety safety roadside roadside rest rest ...... 42,000 ..

Shasta...... 44 5.0 5.0 Approximately Approximately miles miles north north of of Route Route 89 89 near near Lassen Lassen vista vista National National Park; Park; point point 17,000 ......

3.0 3.0 Shasta...... miles miles east east 44 of of Shingletown; Shingletown; safety safety roadside roadside re st st ...... 46,500 ..

miles miles 70 7.0 7.0 Quincy; Quincy; Plumas...... east east of of roadside roadside safety safety re st st ...... 46,700 ..

1.5 1.5 Route Route Plumas...... miles miles 89 89 west west 70 of of near near Keddie; Keddie; safety safety roadside roadside rest rest ...... 37,000 ..

miles miles 299 northeast northeast 7.0 7.0 of of Modoc...... Adin; Adin; roadside roadside safety safety rest rest ...... 45,500 ..

7.7 7.7 Lassen...... miles miles 395 north north of of Milford; Milford; safety safety roadside roadside rest rest ...... 42,000 ..

139 end end At At Eagle Eagle Lassen...... south south Lake; Lake; of of vista vista point point ...... 15,000 ..

At At Mendocino...... Empire Empire 101 Camp, Camp, 2.6 2.6 approximately approximately miles miles of of south south Office; Office; Cummings Cummings safety safety Post Post roadside roadside rest.... 100,000 ..

101 At At Irvine Irvine Mendocino...... Lodge, Lodge, 7.9 7.9 approximately approximately miles miles south south of of Laytonville; Laytonville; roadside roadside safety safety rest rest 54,000 ......

Moss Moss 10,1 Cove, Cove, approximately approximately Ak Ak Mendocino...... 10.5 10.5 miles miles south south of of Laytonvill¢; Laytonvill¢; roadside roadside safety safety 119,000 rest rest ......

6.0 6.0 Hopland Hopland Mendocino...... miles miles 101 north north of of mile mile to to 0.5 0.5 east east of of Forsythe Forsythe Creek; Creek; functional functional and and tree tree planting...... 14.5 50,000

rest rest (lighting, (lighting, . . picnic picnic tables, tables, comfort comfort facilities) facilities) ...... 40,000 ..

McKinleyville McKinleyville At At Vista Vista Humboldt...... 101 4.3 4.3 Point; Point; 4.1 4.1 to to miles miles north north of of to to convert convert roadside Rout¢ Rout¢ 200; 200; safety safety

and and tree tree planting planting ...... 8.0 10,000

Mad Mad 101 Humboldt...... River, River, approximately approximately mile mile 0.3 0.3 north north of of Arcata Arcata to to 0.2 0.2 Little Little mile mile north north functional of of River; River;

1.7 1.7 Humboldt...... miles miles 101 south south of of Fortuna Fortuna to to Elk Elk River; River; functional functional and and tree tree planting planting ...... 15.7 22,500

Humboldt...... 8.5 8.5 101 About About south south miles miles of of Myers Myers roadside roadside Flat; Flat; safety safety rest rest ...... 75,000 ..

At At Humboldt...... Revils Revils Elbow, Elbow, 36 approximately approximately 7.7 7.7 miles miles west west of of Bridg¢ville; Bridg¢ville; point point vista vista ...... 6,500 ..

199 At At Del Del Nort¢...... grading grading Collier Collier to to Tunnel; Tunnel; improve improve vi¢ w w ...... $15,000 0.7

Route County County ~ ~ Description mileage mileage cost

Estimated imate imate

1pprox-

BEAUTIFICATION BEAUTIFICATION PROJECTS FREEWAY ROUTE ADOPTED

a s o w ~ ~ EX/S7 RTE ~ ~ 42 T R AVE. INGLE QOD~ ~ --"' HOL~LYWOODa ~ W~ ~, LOS ANGELES_~~~~___- ~ ~ °C ~ ai L 0 S _- ___"-~`_;~i~s_" ~ = PARK =--=~s~~' ~ NTURY I ~ BLVD. ~~'lNTERNATION~^'?-=---- ~ ~ - ~ ~ - - - _=_=_=_ 0 3 A N G E n o 1~'s`= -=_ `AIRPORT) ~ 107 ~'• IMP RIAL HWY. ~ n ti E~ iZ ; ~_~ = 'RY z -- t - ~ ~_-=~— R ~ a `' --J ~ AWTHQRNE _, -~ EL SE U o' i SEGUNDO___~,__- c.,_J ~W Q ~,i~

Highlights of CHC Actions, Sept.— Dec.

In addition to budgeting more than freeway standards, State Highway En- year's last quarter were a 47-mi}e reut- $739,000,000 for highway purposes in gineer. J. C. Womack had told the com- ing to extend Route 190 in Tulare th+e 1966-67 fiscal year, plus more than missionthat itwas not feasible to widen County from its present terminus at $157,000,000 fox functions not under it to the number of lanes that will be Quaking Aspen Meadow to Haiwee state highway jurisdiction, the Califor- required by future traffic. Pass at the Tulare-Inyo County line, nia Highway Commission made several Because of problems arising from the and a 12.7-mile routing for Highway important decisions involving freeway planning of the City of Fremont's pro- 267 in its entirety between the Inter- routings during the last quarter of 1965. posed civic center-recreational com- state 80 Freeway near Truckee, Ne- Two freeway route adoptions in Los plex, the commission had authorized vada County, and Route 28 near Angeles County followed community the Division of Highways to explore Kings Beach, Placer County. controversies that required public hear- possible alternate routings jointly with The latter route was added to ings by the Highway Commission it- the city for the southerly portion of a the state highway system the self, after earlier hearings conducted by freeway routing adopted in 1961. by 1965 Leg- islature. Its use will result in substantial the Division of Highways. These studies led to the commission time-distance savings to motorists The first concerned a routing for 8.4 revising the routing of a 3.6-mile sec- trav- eling to Lake Tahoe's north miles of the Route 42 (Century) Free- tion of the future Route 238 Freeway shore. At its November meeting, way, extending from Sepulveda Boule- between the future Interstate 680 Free- the com- mission adopted a resolution vard (Route 1) at Imperial Highway, way and Peralta Boulevard (Route which di- 84.) rected the near the southeast corner of the Los Division of Highways to In other actions, the commission undertake further Angeles International Airport, to Cen- studies of possible reaffirmed its routings for the Route freeway alignments tral Avenue in Los Angeles (see map). in the Prairie Creek 1 (Pacific Coast) Freeway through area of Humboldt The second concerned a 9.3-mile County, and that Huntington Beach and Newport would skirt the boundaries of adoption of the Route 2 (Beverly Jedediah Beach; the Interstate 280 (Junipero smith State Park in Hills) Freeway from the San Diego Del Norte County. Serra) Freeway near the Upper Crys- Both parks contain Freeway (Interstate 405 ~ through Bev- some of California's tal Springs Reservoir San Mateo prime erly Hills to Ardmore Avenue in Los in redwoods. County; and the Route 7 (Long Beach Angeles. The commission had earlier resolved Extension] Freeway in Pasadena. Vari- The commission also adopted a rout- to call for practical cooperation be- ous local governments had urged re- ing for S,2 miles of the Interstate 80 tween itself, the Depatrment vising these. routings. of Public Freeway in Sacramento between C Works and the California Division of Street and the future Route 244 Free- The Highway Commission adopts Highways with various federal agen- way at existing Route 80 near Watt routings for conventional highways as cies and the California Legislature im- Avenue. Although the existing route well as freeways. Two-such adoptions plementingthe federal highway beauti- between these limits is constructed to of considerable interest made in the fication grogram.

45

46

for for re- and and easy easy accessibility accessibility pation; pation; atures atures by developed developed light light distribution distribution the the of of in in lengthwise lengthwise the the fixtures, fixtures, and

distribution; distribution; heat heat dissi- provision provision for for plastic plastic possible possible lens lens to to improve It It may may be be shapes, shapes, being. being. measuring measuring temper-

adequate adequate light to to vandalism; vandalism; resistance resistance used used plotting plotting is is being being for for consequently consequently the the time isolux isolux curves curves for for a a variety variety of

throughout throughout the the state, state, freeways freeways namely: extend extend slightly slightly appeared appeared and to to sion sion of of farther farther tests tests included Highways. Highways. The The

tunnels tunnels under in in extensively extensively pedestrian pedestrian hollow hollow isolux isolux curve curve and and of of the the concave concave Department Department lens of of Research Research the the Divi-

used or or fixtures fixtures crossing crossing now now tunnel tunnel was was usuable usuable portion portion fi~:tures fi~:tures were were concerned. concerned. tested tested in in The the the Materials

fullysolved fullysolved in in the the of of the the under- design design as as the the light light the the lenses, lenses, as as participating participating far far in in the project. project. research research These

problems problems same same success- which which were were difference difference in in the the result result shapes shapes of of produced produced by the the a a Bureau Bureau of of Public Public Roads

involves involves Such Such the a a lighting lighting system system the the fixture. fixture. Two Two There There was was to to not not much such such fixtures fixtures were were produced produced as

as as should should extend extend as as far far possible possible parallel

Development

walkway. portion portion of of the the

curve. curve. isolux isolux

Ideally, Ideally,

the the each each pattern

rescent rescent lighting. light light on on any concentrate concentrate positioned positioned to to

unshaded unshaded

indicated indicated by by the the

portion portion of

used used installing installing railing railing fluo- can can be be for for can can he fixture fixture inches inches The The 5 5 in in width. width.

10 10 feet feet of of be be the the central central

the the

pattern

The The top top rail rail on on this this railing. railing. chain chain link and and less less than 4 4 long long feet feet inches inches parts parts 6 6

of of

light light normally normally

the the is is

considered considered to

overcrossings overcrossings is is the the linl~ linl~ sidewalk chain chain two housing housing of of aluminum aluminum protruding protruding

solid solid

lens. lens. The The usable usable

concave concave

portion

An An essential essential part part of of the the pedestrian fit fit a adapted adapted to to was was lens lens system system This This

in in

solid solid addition addition

to to the the

flat flat lens lens and

zontal zontal silhouette. parallel parallel the the lamp. to to mounted mounted ings ings are are

hollow hollow

lenses lenses

were were produced produced

and and tested

standards standards detract detract basic basic hori- from from cast- the the plastic plastic resin resin methacrylate methacrylate methyl-

lens lens Three Three

shapes. shapes.

different different

shapes shapes

of

overcrossings overcrossings are are vertical horizontal, horizontal, Lenses Lenses of of clear fluorescent fluorescent lamp.) lamp.) nary nary

portunity portunity

to to experiment experiment

with with various

basic basic lines lines Since Since the the of of the the pedestrian the the current current in in ordi- times times the the five five to to

acrylic acrylic

The The cast cast

lens lens

afforded afforded

an an

op-

superstructure superstructure employed employed today. design design (This (This

is is three amperes. amperes. of of 1 1 % % current current

Evaluation

harmony harmony with with the the precast, precast, prestressed lamp lamp operates operates at at a glass glass tube.'The tube.'The the the

embedded embedded boxes, boxes, pull pull are are no no longer longer in length length of machined machined the the full full acrylic acrylic phor phor coating coating rods rods along along originally originally used.

%z %z tures. tures. These, These, with with conduit conduit their their and phos- a a slit slit in in the the lens lens -wide -wide methacrylate methacrylate with with resin resin -inch to to replace replace the

spaced spaced along along the the top top A A of of the the struc- developed cludng cludng was was -foot -foot lamp lamp development development tures: tures: four of of a a cast cast methyl-

cury cury vapor vapor lamps lamps on on 20 -foot -foot in in standards the the fix- undexcrossing undexcrossing adapted adapted for for the the components components been been of of the the fixture, fixture, in-

to to installing installing a a few few incandescent incandescent or or had Some Some plastic plastic mer- lens lens rescent rescent that that lamp lamp and and improvements improvements were were also also made

freeways freeways over over has has usually usually been been limited of of suggested suggested the the use use problems problems the the fluo- weather. withstand withstand bad bad

lighting lighting of of The The pedestrian pedestrian crossings and and maintenance. maintenance. Tamping Tamping These other other checking checking of of the the the the abzlity abzlity fixture fixture to

By By T. T. N. N. Kreiberg

A A night night view view of of a a pedestrian pedestrian overcrossing overcrossing lighted lighted by by one one of of the the new new fluorescent fluorescent fixtures.

t~v~r~~ossin

Pe~estria~n

~~r

g ~ ~ htin Li Li New A pedestrian overcrossing with the old-style luminaires mounted on 20-foot standards.

A new fluorescent luminaire unit in a chain link fhe Tweedy Lane pedestrian overcrossing in Los Angeles with the new-style fluorescent luminaires in the sidewalk railing. chain link sidewalk railing.

further experimenting although pre- posite side of the lamp in order to keep liminary trials with additional prisms it out of this moisture. in the .lenses have not been encour- Study of the isolux curves suggests aging. that enough light can be provided with Tests also showed that an aperture spacing the units 40 feet apart. The lamp gives twice as much light under- light pattern on the walkway is not neath the fixture as a very high output completely uniform but will be ade- (VHO) lamp and over twice as much quate. light at a 10-foot distance endwise from the centerline of the fixture. Conclusion The water tests included spraying The unique feature of this lighting a stream of water from a garden hose method is the combining of the light- nozzle at the fixture at an angle to simu- ingcomponents and the fence members late awind-driven rain. Some moisture as one unit in which the top rail not did penetrate the fixture by capillary only supports the fixture and houses action through the hinge connection. the circuit conductors but is a struc- However,lubrication of the hinge with tural part of the fence, presenting a silicon grease eliminated the leak. neat appearance and simplicity of de- sign. Fixtures will be aimed to direct the The fixtures developed as a result of center of the light pattern along the this project are being installed on most centerline of the structure walkway. pedestrian overcrossings on state high- This would normally tilt the fixture ways. The first such installation was about 15 degrees from the vertical, the Tweedy Lane pedestrian overcross- causing any moisture to collect on the ing on the Santa Ana Freeway in Los inner surface nearest the hinge and Angeles County which was completed drain from the end of the door. Fixture in April 1965. The manufacturer of wiring from the ballast to the lamps the fixtures estimates that they can be A condulet fitting'(upper left) on the end post of the will be clipped to the door on the op- produced at a cost of under $250 each. chain link railing on a pedestrian overcrossing. 47 Langsner Receives A.S.C.E. Award

George Langsner (right), Deputy State Highway Engineer, receives a certificate of appreciation from Wayne 1VIacRostie, president of Sacramento section of the American Society of Civil Engineers, for completing a term of office as ~I-Eairman of the Highway Technical Division of the national society.

southern San Joaquin Valley, he be- ttichard 5. Quintrell came known as an "experts' expert" Retires in Eureka in the traffic engineering field. Samuel Quintrell, assistant first district Richard He organized the highway mechanic foreman at Shop 1, safety committee in the state and Eureka, has retired from state service. served as a member and its chairman Quintrell started working for the Divi- for many years. Upon his retirement sion of Highways in June 1938 at Shop 2 he was presented with a certificate in Redding as a heavy equipment me- of merit citing his 42 years' lost- chanic. He later worked at Shops 7 and time-free accident record. 9, served in the Army during World War Taylor's first job with Highways II, and then came to Shop 1 in Eureka was in District 4 working on the in 1945. Pacheco Pass Road. Later he worked in Districts Z, 3, 5, 7, and 9 before going to District 6 in 1934. During Twenty-five-yea r his early career he held engineering jobs with the Oregon Highway A~rards Announced Commission, the City of San Fran- cisco, P.G. & E., and the City of The following Division of High- earl IN. Taylor Santa Barbara. For 2 %z years during ways employees have received their World War II, he was highway 25-year awards since the last list E~~s 42-Year Career branch chief of the U.S. Army was published in the November— Transportation Corps covering the December 1965 issue of the maga- six New England states. He retired zine: District 6 Traffic Engineer Earle from the Army Reserve in 1955 as Lloyd A. Lane, Luis Aramayo, W. Taylor retired November 30 a lieutenant colonel. Marion W. McCleary, Charles K. ending a 42-year career with High- He was born in Pullman, Wash- Bruner, William Travis, William ways. ington, and attended schools there D. Rambo, Everett P. Pyles, Omar Taylor was among the first district and in Salem, Oregon. He later at- G. Alexander, John H. Bennett, traffic engineers in the division, being tended the University of California. Abe Brodkin, Seymour Cowan, appointed in 1938. From his Fresno- He is a mert~ber of the Institute of Leo Linde, Arthur E. Bethurum, based headquarters, he pioneered nu- Traffic Engineers and the Engineers Bliss A. Hinshaw, Charles L. Sex- merous improvements in highway Club of Fresno. auer, Dudley B. Hatch, Homer H. design and signing which have had Taylor and his wife, Norma, have Moore, Mary Catherine Malloy, statewide impact in traffic safety. two sons, Bob and dill. Bill is an as- Herbert A. Rooney, Thomas C. Through his close association with sociate right-of-way agent for the Royce, llale F. Downing, Oliver city and cc,unty engineers in the division. Arnold, O. W. i'erry.

48 STATE OF CALIFORNIA EDMUt~iD G. BROWN, Governor TRANSPORTATION AGENCY ROBERT B. BRADFORD Administrator DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS JOHN ERRECA, Director FRANK A. CHAMBERS . Chief Deputy Director RUSSELL 1. t00NEY . Deputy Director (Management) T. F. BAGSHAW Assistant Director JUSTIN DuCRAY Departmental Management Analyst HARRY D. FREEMAN Deputy Director (Planning) C. RAY VARLEY Assistant Director S. ALAN WHITE DepaPtmental Personnel Officer

DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS J. C. WOMACK State Highway Engineer, Chief of Division CALIFORNIA I~IGHWAY COMMISSION J. P. MURPHY Deputy State Highway Engineer, ►tighr of way J. A. LEGARRA Deputy Sfafe Highway Engineer RUDOLF HESS Chief Right of Way Agent ROBERT B. BRADFORD Chairman and GEO. LANGSNER Deputy State Highway Engineer HARRY L. KAGAN Assistant Chief Administrator, Assistant Chief LYMAN R. GILLIS Assislant State Highway Engineer DEXTER D. MacBRIDE Transportation Agency R. S. J. PIANEZZI Assistant Chief J. E. McMAHON Assistant State Highway Engineer ROGER S. WOOLLEY Vice Chairman FRANK E. BAXTER Assistant State Highway Engineer District 7, eureka San Diego SAM HELWER District Engineer GEORGE A. HILL Assisfanl State Highway Engineer JAMES A. GUTHRIE San Bernardino J. C. BURRILL Comptroller Disrrict 2, Redding ABRAHAM KOFMAN Alameda H. S. MILES District Engineer NEAL E. ANDERSEN . Equipment Engineer FRANKLIN S. PAYNE Los Angeles District 3, Marysville JOHN L. BEATON Materials and Research Engineer WILLIAM S. WHITEHURST . Fresno W L. WARREN District Engineer C. G. BEER Urban Planner Sunnyvale Engineer JOSEPH C. HOUGHTELING A. N. DUNHAM Computer Systems District 4, san Francisco ALVORD ESTEP Engineer of Design C. ALAN S. HART District Engineer F. JORGENSEN Construction Engineer JOHN ERRECA Administrative Officer J. R. A. HAYLER Deputy Disirici Engineer SCOTT N. LATHROP Personnel and Pubiic Information and Director of Public Works HAIG A"YANIAN Deputy District Engineer JACK COOPER, Secretary Sacramento T. LEDDEN Engineer C. City and County Projects C. F. GREENE Deputy District Engineer JACK E. PEDDY Project Control Engineer DANA G. PENGILLY Planning Engineer DistricA 5, saw Bois Obispo District 8, San Bernardino E. J. L. PETERSON Program and Budget Engineer R. 1. DATEL District Engineer C. V. KANE District Engineer R. V. POTTER Systems Research Engineer District 6, Fresno PAUL C. SHERIDAN Office Engineer District 9, Bishop W L. WELCH District Engineer E. L. TINNEY . Maintenance Engineer C. A. SHERVINGTON District Engineer DONALD P. VAN RIPER Principal Landscape Architect nis►ricr ~, cos Angeles J. E. WILSON Traffic Engineer E. T. TELFORD District Engineer District f 0, Stockton A. L. ELLIOTT Bridge Engineer—Planning A. L. HIMELHOCH Deputy District Engineer JOHN G. MEYER District Engineer H. R. HINEMAN Bridge Engineer—Operations A. C. BIRNIE Deputy District Engineer R. J. IVY Bridge Engineer—Administration A. W. HOY Deputy District Engineer District 11, San Diego DALE DOWNING Bridge Engineer—Southern Area R. E. DEFFEBACH Deputy District Engineer JACOB DEKEMA District Engineer

DIVISION OF CONTRACTS AND RIGHTS OF WAY HARRY S. FENTON Chief Counsel EMERSON RHYNER Deputy Chief (Sacramento) HOLLOWAY JONES Deputy Chief (San Francisco) REGINALD B. PEGRAM Deputy Chief (Los Angeles)

DIVISION OF BAY TOLL CROSSINGS E. R. FOLEY . Chief Engineer J. !. KOZAK . Deputy Chief Engineer BEN BALALA Design and Construction Engineer LHARLES 1. SWEET Operations Engineer HOWARD F. TOPPING Planning Engineer GEORGE 'r. ANDERSON Administrative Officer

DIVISION OF AERONAUTICS CLYDE P. BARNETT Director, Chief of Division

Q 60144-500 12-()5 77M printed Itt CALIFORNIA OFFICE OF 57A IE PR3NTING +~...:: ~n~