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Towards Sustainable Aviation Report TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE. AVIATION. THE OXFORD— CAMBRIDGE ARC …the area incorporating the. ceremonial.county areas of. Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire,. Northamptonshire, Bedfordshire. and Cambridgeshire forms a strategic. belt, which we refer to as the. Oxford-Cambridge Arc.(‘the Arc’).. Government ambition and. joint declaration between. Government and local. partners, 2019. Citation: Panagiotakopoulos, D. Evans, C. Lomax. A. (2020). Working towards Sustainable Aviation in the Arc. Cranfield University: Arc Universities Group, 26 pages ARC UNIVERSITIES GROUP 2 FOREWORD Each individual university in the Arc is impressive on Ranking third in the world, its own, but it’s by working together that we will make behind only the USA and real progress. This report shows how we can blend these capabilities into one and re-imagine the future China, the UK is a big of aviation to meet the carbon neutral targets set by player in the aerospace Government for 2050. industry. Here in the In the future, we will see new smaller aircraft, electric Oxford-Cambridge Arc, aircraft, hydrogen fuel cell aircraft. We will see air taxis travelling from one part of the region to another part there is world-class of the region. But we will also see the development capability and a tradition of new sustainable aviation fuel solutions for large of deep collaboration. commercial air transport aircraft. The report marks the beginning of an exciting journey Over the last 50 years we have introduced an for the Arc Universities. We hope that you will share our aerospace and aviation sector that has brought travel optimism about the future of zero carbon flight. The to the masses. It has opened up the world’s economy. universities can play a great part in helping us get there. Now we are facing new challenges. This report will It will take ingenuity, vision, hard graft and investment. show our readiness to respond. We look forward to getting there together. Aviation is on the cusp of a new technological revolution. The new emphasis is on the environment; on new technologies, new materials, autonomy, new energy sources, electric aircraft, hydrogen fuel cell aircraft, and sustainable aviation fuel. Professor Iain Gray CBE FRENG Director of Aerospace, Cranfield University With thanks to Dr Dimitrios Panagiotakopoulos, to colleagues from the universities of the Oxford-Cambridge Arc and to the Local Enterprise Partnerships, and the many who have helped with this report. ARC UNIVERSITIES GROUP 3 AIMS 1 To illustrate the expertise in aviation teaching, innovation, and research across the universities within the Arc. 2 To explore how the aviation R&D capability in the Arc could advance the environmental challenges laid down to aviation by Government and industry. 3 To understand the potential to realise collective gain for the region, by working more closely together. ARC UNIVERSITIES GROUP 4 RECOMMENDATIONS 1. TO MAKE BETTER USE OF The complementary capabilities across the universities in the Arc offer a unique opportunity to improve and EXISTING CAPABILITIES AND transform the overall air transport system, accelerating FACILITIES TO ENABLE A the development of hybrid and fully electric aircraft, MORE FULLY UTILISED and enabling new air mobility solutions. ZERO CARBON AVIATION Each university has significant strengths in particular and specialist areas addressing individual challenges RESEARCH SUPPLY CHAIN of the carbon neutral aviation and aerospace future advanced systems. In order to foster, develop, and nurture the sharing 2. TO DEVELOP AND AGREE AN of research expertise and innovation knowledge, a ARC ZERO CARBON AVIATION joint strategic Zero Carbon Aviation Collaboration Strategy should be developed across the Arc. This COLLABORATION STRATEGY could define a collaborative action plan to develop transformative technologies that can tackle the aviation decarbonisation challenge. This would be a high profile project around which 3. TO ENCOURAGE THE interested universities can collaborate, and where SETTING UP OF A UK concepts, solutions, and products can be developed ZERO CARBON AIRPORT and tested in a real-life environment. AND AVIATION CENTRE ARC UNIVERSITIES GROUP 5 24 Sector strengths Sector strengths 25 Aviation Electric and hydrogen propulsion, The Arc has an aviation The Arc was the birthplace autonomy and airspace management of the Royal Flying Corps, and aerospace technological technology are becoming increasingly underpinning that is unique in the forerunner to the RAF. the UK. important drivers of competitiveness in the aviation market. This will be at the forefront of the UK’s aviation role in Cranfield University is a research-airport reducing carbon emissions with a global reputation operating at the and working to a carbon zero economy. forefront of aerospace technology and engineering. It is home to the Aerospace Integration Research Centre, Cranfield Proliferation of RAF bases enabled Aerospace Solutions and the Aerospace the development of enterprise zones Technology Institute. Together with and innovation parks, including the new Digital Aviation Research Cranfield University – and its unique and Technology Centre (DARTeC), Global Research Airport. Cranfield is the nation’s flagship research Digital and creative institution in the Future Flight aerospace Digital innovation is driving rapid sector deal. The Arc is also home to progress in artificial intelligence, robotics, The Arc oers a gateway the Whittle Laboratory in Cambridge, cybersecurity, advanced quantum to the R&D capability across which is the world’s most academically computing, the internet of things (IoT), the UK via the UK Aerospace successful laboratory in the field of Research Consortium. virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality aerospace propulsion and to Oxford (AR). The Arc is already on the map as a Thermofluids Institute, which is world major centre for application and testing leading in its research in heat transfer and in these technologies which complement thermal systems – both essential for the our strong foundations in creative, digital New activity includes £65m introduction of zero carbon flight. Digital Aviation Research and and ICT. Technology Centre and Aviation Top. Digital Aviation Research and Technology Enterprise Zone. As well as having the UK’s fastest Oxford supports 4,700 businesses Technology Centre. growing major airport, the Luton Airport with strengths in gaming, software Above. Drone flight. cluster is one of the top three hubs for development, cybersecurity, high Arc-based companies lead business aviation services, specialising performance computing and film and TV. It is also leading in quantum industry consortium and Government in aircraft maintenance. programmes to reduce readiness and is the home of the new carbon in flight. National Quantum Computing Hub at Harwell Campus. Cambridge also has a strong IT and Applying R&D expertise and developing digital technology sector and is home to manufacturing capacity oers prospects of a world-leading position in developing several award-winning games companies medium-scale electric aircraft. including Microsoft’s first lab outside the US, along with Google, Amazon and Apple. At the heart will be the UK’s Zero Carbon Airport and Aviation Centre, supporting Milton Keynes is a testbed for AI the development of a mature supply chain innovation at the heart of the Arc. to scale innovation and the UK’s most The Smart City has over 1,000 people sustainable airport, London Luton. with direct AI or machine learning skills and is home to over 6,000 software The UK aerospace industry engineers and 4,000 data engineers. supports 120,000 highly skilled The city is working to integrate real time jobs and has an annual turnover of £35bn. data and deploy the UK’s first dedicated 5G Network to trial applications in It is the third largest aviation mobility, health and energy solutions. sector in the world, behind only The city has the world’s largest fleet of the US and China. delivery autonomous robots and has The UK will be recognised Two significant challenges face clear scope to be a global destination for as a world-leader in the industry: future waves of innovation-led growth in sustainable aviation • New global partnerships and the application of AI. products, skills, and markets regulation following EU Exit worth over £500bn. • Threat to sector as we respond to lockdown travel restrictions The creative cluster at Pinewood is and economic shock. globally renowned for its state-of-the-art film, TV and gaming production Source: Economic Prospectus for the Oxford-Cambridge Arc, 2020 and development. ARC UNIVERSITIES GROUP 6 AIMS There are major challenges in: 1 Sharing research knowledge and facilities, especially the research data, hardware infrastructure, and open resources. 2 Collaborative research crossing different institutes to build up high impact research projects which fully use the specialised facilities without overlap. 3 Transferring research outcomes to usable applications and products or to suitable SMEs for production. ARC UNIVERSITIES GROUP 7 BACKGROUND The aerospace industry plays an important role in The National Infrastructure Commission’s 2016 report the UK economy, supporting 120,000 highly skilled projected that, by building on the Arc’s strengths in jobs, and with an annual turnover of £35bn with a science, technology, and innovation, it can become a healthy export market. The UK supplies half of the powerhouse of knowledge-intensive industries. large jet engines for widebody aircraft, almost all the wings for Airbus aircraft, and a diverse variety of At the heart of this ambitious goal is the complex aircraft systems. decarbonisation of the economy, with Air Transport, Aviation and Aerospace leading the way (see Figure 2 The Oxford-Cambridge Arc is one of the most on page 17). dynamic and innovative regions in the world, contributing c. £110 billion in GVA to the UK The universities in the Arc are major contributors economy. Aviation is of critical importance to the to national and regional innovation. Together the region, particularly with the emergence of entirely institutions have a combined turnover of £5 billion and new aviation markets in the sub-regional and urban contribute c.
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