California Sage Brush

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CALIFORNIA SAGE BRUSH Scientific name: Artemisia californica Plant family: Asteraceae Natural Information California sage brush flowers in the fall, on slopes and coastal sage scrub. Mostly found at elevations below 2000’, plants usually grow in sand, sandy loam, clay, gravelly loam, and unconsolidated soils. As a dominant species, this plant requires full sun and light shade. Providing favored nesting sites for black tailed gnatcatchers, Artemisia californica is ecologically vital as a keystone species. Physical Description • Branches: lower branches woody; do not exceed ¼” in diameter; side shoots form from leaf axils • Flower: inconspicuous inflorescence; forms a dense panicle • Leaves: thin; small ones appear wilted during dry season but become hydrated again within hours of rainfall • Roots: shallow • Stem: woolly; multiple stems arise from root crown Garden Tips/Extra Facts: Fragrant due to the presence of terpenes, the aroma is released when brushed against. During the first post-disturbance growing season, the plant’s steady germination often prevents the development of an adequate seed bank for recruiting large numbers of seedlings. Seeds buried near the surface of moist soil generally germinate without any other special conditions. Those buried below the level of light penetration required exposure to charred wood leachate before germinating. In the wild, germination rate is moderate to high in fire-free seasons. The shrubs are also capable of growing from roots if basal portions of the stem remain attached. Stem growth most frequently occurs during the winter. Can grow from 2’ to 5’ tall. PVPLC PVPLC .

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Artemisia Californica Less
I. SPECIES Artemisia californica Less. [Updated 2017] NRCS CODE: Subtribe: Artemisiinae ARCA11 Tribe: Anthemideae (FEIS CODE: Family: Asteraceae ARCAL) Order: Asterales Subclass: Asteridae Class: Magnoliopsida flowering heads spring growth seedling, March 2009 juvenile plant photos A. Montalvo flowering plant, November 2005 mature plant with flower buds August 2010 A. Subspecific taxa None. Artemisia californica Less. var. insularis (Rydb.) Munz is now recognized as Artemisia nesiotica P.H. Raven (Jepson eFlora 2017). B. Synonyms Artemisia abrotanoides Nuttall; A. fischeriana Besser; A. foliosa Nuttall; Crossostephium californicum (Lessing) Rydberg (FNA 2017). C. Common name California sagebrush. The common name refers to its strong, sage-like aroma and endemism to California and Baja California. Other names include: coastal sage, coast sage, coast sagebrush (Painter 2016). D. Taxonomic relationships The FNA (2017) places this species in subgenus Artemisia . The molecular phylogeny of the genus has improved the understanding of relationships among the many species of Artemisia and has, at times, placed the species in subgenus Tridentadae; morphology of the inflorescences and flowers alone does not place this species with its closest relatives (Watson et al. 2002). The detailed phylogeny is not completely resolved (Hayat et al. 2009). E. Related taxa in region There are 18 species and a total of 31 taxa (including infrataxa) of Artemisia in southern California, all of which differ clearly from A. californica in habitat affinity, structure, or both (Munz 1974, Jepson eFlora 2017). Within subgenus Artemisia (as per FNA 2017), A. nesiotica from the Channel Islands is the most similar and was once considered part of A. californica ; it can be distinguished by its wider leaves with flat leaf margins (not rolled under).
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The Advantages of Traditional Chumash Healing
eCAM 2005;2(1)19–23 doi:10.1093/ecam/neh072 Lecture Series The Advantages of Traditional Chumash Healing James D. Adams Jr1 and Cecilia Garcia2 1Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, PSC 508, Los Angeles and 2Chumash Healer, Granada Hills, CA, USA Chumash healing has been practiced in California for ~13 000 years. Chumash healers treat their patients with prayer, laughter, dreaming, phytotherapy, aromatherapy, healing ceremonies and other techniques. Healing involves first healing the spirit, then healing the body. Chumash people still main- tain their unique identity. Chumash Healers still practice the ancient healing arts in California. This lecture is a brief introduction to Chumash Healing. Keywords: healing – ethnopharmacology – Chumash Introduction prayer has been shown to be beneficial to the majority of patients (1). Prayer comforts patients. At the very least, prayer Traditional Chumash healing starts with God. The Healer may does no harm and costs nothing. While in hospital, the patient use prayer and fasting to invite God to help with the healing. may feel isolated from family and friends. The spirit may not Fasting is a self-denial that enhances the spirituality of the become well quickly. The approach with standard health care Healer, facilitating communication with God. In fact, all healing is that the body is treated and made well. The spirit should then must involve God. The spirit is always involved in the healing follow and recover as well. However, many patients complain process. The reason for this is that many diseases start with of uncertainty with their healing even after their bodies are the spirit.
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Molecular Phylogeny of Subtribe Artemisiinae (Asteraceae), Including Artemisia and Its Allied and Segregate Genera Linda E
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications in the Biological Sciences Papers in the Biological Sciences 9-26-2002 Molecular phylogeny of Subtribe Artemisiinae (Asteraceae), including Artemisia and its allied and segregate genera Linda E. Watson Miami University, [email protected] Paul E. Bates University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Timonthy M. Evans Hope College, [email protected] Matthew M. Unwin Miami University, [email protected] James R. Estes University of Nebraska State Museum, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscifacpub Watson, Linda E.; Bates, Paul E.; Evans, Timonthy M.; Unwin, Matthew M.; and Estes, James R., "Molecular phylogeny of Subtribe Artemisiinae (Asteraceae), including Artemisia and its allied and segregate genera" (2002). Faculty Publications in the Biological Sciences. 378. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscifacpub/378 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications in the Biological Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. BMC Evolutionary Biology BioMed Central Research2 BMC2002, Evolutionary article Biology x Open Access Molecular phylogeny of Subtribe Artemisiinae (Asteraceae), including Artemisia and its allied and segregate genera Linda E Watson*1, Paul L Bates2, Timothy M Evans3,
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Types of Sagebrush Updated (Artemisia Subg. Tridentatae
Mosyakin, S.L., L.M. Shultz & G.V. Boiko. 2017. Types of sagebrush updated ( Artemisia subg. Tridentatae, Asteraceae): miscellaneous comments and additional specimens from the Besser and Turczaninov memorial herbaria (KW). Phytoneuron 2017-25: 1–20. Published 6 April 2017. ISSN 2153 733X TYPES OF SAGEBRUSH UPDATED (ARTEMISIA SUBG. TRIDENTATAE , ASTERACEAE): MISCELLANEOUS COMMENTS AND ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS FROM THE BESSER AND TURCZANINOV MEMORIAL HERBARIA (KW) SERGEI L. MOSYAKIN M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2 Tereshchenkivska Street Kiev (Kyiv), 01004 Ukraine [email protected] LEILA M. SHULTZ Department of Wildland Resources, NR 329 Utah State University Logan, Utah 84322-5230, USA [email protected] GANNA V. BOIKO M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2 Tereshchenkivska Street Kiev (Kyiv), 01004 Ukraine [email protected] ABSTRACT Corrections and additions are provided for the existing typifications of plant names in Artemisia subg. Tridentatae . In particular, second-step lectotypifications are proposed for the names Artemisia trifida Nutt., nom. illeg. (A. tripartita Rydb., the currently accepted replacement name), A. fischeriana Besser (= A. californica Lessing, the currently accepted name), and A. pedatifida Nutt. For several nomenclatural types of names listed in earlier publications as "holotypes," the type designations are corrected to lectotypes (Art. 9.9. of ICN ). Newly discovered authentic specimens (mostly isolectotypes) of several names in the group are listed and discussed, mainly based on specimens deposited in the Besser and Turczaninov memorial herbaria at the National Herbarium of Ukraine (KW). The Turczaninov herbarium is particularly rich in Nuttall's specimens, which are often better represented and better preserved than corresponding specimens available from BM, GH, K, PH, and some other major herbaria.
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Lotus Scoparius (Nutt. in Torr. & A. Gray) Ottley [= Acmispon Glaber
SPECIES Lotus scoparius (Nutt. in Torr. & A. Gray) Ottley [= Acmispon glaber (Vogel) Brouillet] NRCS CODE: Tribe: Loteae LOSC2 Subfamily: Papilionoideae LOSCS2 Family: Fabaceae LOSCB Order: Fabales Subclass: Rosidae Class: Magnoliopsida LOSCB , Riverside Co., A. Montalvo 2009 LOSCS2, Monterey coast, A. Montalvo 2003 LOSCB, Riverside Co., A. Montalvo 2010, Subspecific taxa 1. LOSCS2 1. Lotus scoparius var. scoparius 2. LOSCB 2. Lotus scoparius (Nutt.) Ottley var. brevialatus Ottley Synonyms 1. Acmispon glaber (Vogel) Brouillet var. glaber [New name in Jepson Manual 2nd Edition, JepsonOnline 2010] Hosackia scoparia Nutt. in T. and G. (taxa numbered as above) H. glaber Greene H. crassifolia Nutt., not Benth L. glaber Greene, not Mill. L. scoparius (Torr. & A. Gray) Ottley L. scoparius (Nutt. in T. & G.) Ottley ssp. scoparius (Ottley) Munz Lotus scoparius (Nutt.) Ottley var. perplexans Hoover p.p. Syrmatium glabrum Vogel 2. Acmispon glaber (Vogel) Brouillet var. brevialatus (Ottley) Brouillet [New name in Jepson Manual 2nd Edition] Hosackia glabra (Vogel) Torr. var. brevialata (Ottley) Abrams Lotus scoparius (Torr. & A. Gray) Ottley var. brevialatus Ottley Lotus scoparius (Nutt. in T. & G.) Ottley ssp. brevialatus (Ottley) Munz Common name General for species: California broom, deerweed 1. coastal deerweed, common deerweed (taxa numbered as above) 2. desert deerweed, western bird's foot trefoil, short-winged deerweed (Roberts 2008, Painter 2009, USDA PLANTS 2010). Over 45 taxa of Lotus were recognized in Isely's treatment in Hickman (1993) for California. These taxa had been grouped and regrouped into various species as well as subgenera or genera based on morphology for over a century. Allan & Porter (2000) analyzed DNA (ITS and nuclear ribosomal DNA), geographic, and morphological data for more than 45 taxa of Lotus together with additional related taxa of Loteae and found several geographically distinct lineages.
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The Advantages of Traditional Chumash Healing
eCAM 2005;2(1)19–23 doi:10.1093/ecam/neh072 Lecture Series The Advantages of Traditional Chumash Healing James D. Adams Jr1 and Cecilia Garcia2 1Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, PSC 508, Los Angeles and 2Chumash Healer, Granada Hills, CA, USA Chumash healing has been practiced in California for ~13 000 years. Chumash healers treat their patients with prayer, laughter, dreaming, phytotherapy, aromatherapy, healing ceremonies and other techniques. Healing involves first healing the spirit, then healing the body. Chumash people still main- tain their unique identity. Chumash Healers still practice the ancient healing arts in California. This lecture is a brief introduction to Chumash Healing. Keywords: healing – ethnopharmacology – Chumash Introduction prayer has been shown to be beneficial to the majority of patients (1). Prayer comforts patients. At the very least, prayer Traditional Chumash healing starts with God. The Healer may does no harm and costs nothing. While in hospital, the patient use prayer and fasting to invite God to help with the healing. may feel isolated from family and friends. The spirit may not Fasting is a self-denial that enhances the spirituality of the become well quickly. The approach with standard health care Healer, facilitating communication with God. In fact, all healing is that the body is treated and made well. The spirit should then must involve God. The spirit is always involved in the healing follow and recover as well. However, many patients complain process. The reason for this is that many diseases start with of uncertainty with their healing even after their bodies are the spirit.
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Heteromeles Arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer NRCS CODE: Subfamily: Maloideae Family: Rosaceae (HEAR5) Photos: A
I. SPECIES Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer NRCS CODE: Subfamily: Maloideae Family: Rosaceae (HEAR5) photos: A. Montalvo Order: Rosales Subclass: Rosidae Class: Magnoliopsida Fruits (pomes) in late fall and winter. A. Subspecific taxa None recognized by Phipps (2012, 2016) in Jepson Manual or Jepson e-Flora. B. Synonyms Photinia arbutifolia (Ait.) Lindl.; Crataegus arbutifolia Ait. (McMinn 1939) Heteromeles (Lindl.) M. Roemer arbutifolia var. arbutifolia ; H. a. var. cerina (Jeps.) E. Murray; H. a. var. macrocarpa (Munz) Munz; H. salicifolia (C. Presl) Abrams (Phipps 2016) (but see I. F. Taxonomic issues). C. Common name toyon, California Christmas berry, California-holly (Painter 2016); Christmas berry (CalFlora 2016). D. Taxonomic relationships Phylogenetic analyses based on molecular and morphological data confirm thatPhotinia is the most closely related genus (Guo et al. 2011). Photinia differs in having 20 stamens, fused carpels, and stone cells in the testa as well as occurring in summer-wet environments (Phipps 1992). E. Related taxa in region None. There is only one species of Heteromeles. The closely related Photinia is primarily tropical (Meyer 2008) and not in California. Toyon's taxonomic stability may be in part related to its reproductive mode (Wells 1969). F. Taxonomic issues The three varieties of H. arbutifolia listed above in cell I. B. are currently recognized in the USDA PLANTS (2016) database. G. Other One of the most widely distributed California shrubs. Also widely planted and well-known for its bright red fruits in winter. McMinn (1939) noted it had been planted widely in parks and gardens since about 1914. From the Greek words 'heter' for different and 'malus' for apple (Munz 1974).
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Study of Plants Used Against Infections by California Native
STUDY OF PLANTS USED AGAINST INFECTIONS BY CALIFORNIA NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES A Thesis presented to the Faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Biological Sciences by Maria Rojas December 2020 © 2020 Maria Jose Rojas Soto ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP TITLE: Study of Plants Used Against Infections by California Native American Tribes AUTHOR: Maria Jose Rojas Soto DATE SUBMITTED: December 2020 COMMITTEE CHAIR: Alejandra Yep, Ph.D. Associate Professor Biological Sciences Department COMMITTEE MEMBER: Jenn Yost, Ph.D. Associate Professor Biological Sciences Department COMMITTEE MEMBER: Jennifer Carroll, Ph.D. Professor Chemistry & Biochemistry Department iii ABSTRACT Study of Plants Used Against Infections by California Native American Tribes Maria Jose Rojas Soto The objectives of this research were to evaluate the antibacterial activity and to determine the chemical composition of a list of medicinal plants used by Native Americans in California. Artemisia californica, Mimulus aurantiacus, Equisetum telmateia, Equisetum hyemale, and Marah fabacea were selected from a list of plants reported as having been used for ailments related to infections by tribes located in California. The extracts obtained through steam distillation from E. telmateia, E. hyemale and M. fabacea were assayed for in vitro antibacterial activity against 16 Gram-negative and 6 Gram-positive bacteria using disk diffusion assays and measuring the diameters of inhibition zones. E. telmateia showed the most promising antibacterial activity. The extracts from A. californica, M. aurantiacus and E. telmateia were analyZed for chemical composition, finding eucalyptol, thujone, eugenol, caryophyllene, germacrene D, and propanal as some of the secondary metabolites identified using GC-MS.
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Acmispon Glaber Var
Finding Balance: Considering Species' Traits, Species Distribution Models, and Climate Forecasting in Seed Sourcing Decisions Arlee M. Montalvo Nov. 15, 2016 Do No Harm Workshop, Davis, CA Acknowledgements: My collaborators! Erin C. Riordan- the modeling and maps Jan L. Beyers- editing, profile assistance Thanks to USFS Pacific Southwest Research Station and RCRCD for funding and UCR and UCLA for logistical support! California shrublands occupy a diverse landscape: Ecological Sections and Subsections Goudey and Smith (1994) updated with ECOMAP (2007) Parent geology continental influence topography ocean influence Precipitation and temperature Ecological Sections can be diverse and contain many contrasting Subsections Elevation: 300 to 11,500 ft Precipitation: 6 to 40 inches Temperature: 40° to 70°F Goudey & Smith 1994 Growing Season: 150 to 300 days Environmental diversity supports amazing biological diversity California shrublands and their foundation plant taxa are diverse protecting, supporting, managing native biodiversity chaparral alluvial scrub coastal sage scrub Many foundation species of shrubs are distributed across multiple Ecological Sections and plant communities Plant Community Plant Community Scientific Name Life Form‡ ALSC CHAP CSS MIX Scientific Name Life Form‡ ALSC CHAP CSS MIX Acmispon glaber var. brevialatus† suffr subshr X X Eriodictyon trichocalyx var. lanatum suffr subshr X X Acmispon glaber var. glaber † Forsuffr subshreachX ofX 36X shrubsX E. t. var &. trichocalyx subshrubs: suffr subshr X X X Adenostoma fasciculatum shrub X X X Eriogonum fasciculatum var. Arctostaphylos glandulosa (3 subsp) shrub X fasciculatum subshrub X X Artemisia californica subshrub X X X E. f. var. foliolosum subshrub X X X X E. f. var. polifolium subshrub X X Ceanothus crassifolius var.
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Historical Decline of Coastal Sage Scrub in the Riverside-Perris Plain, California
HISTORICAL DECLINE OF COASTAL SAGE SCRUB IN THE RIVERSIDE-PERRIS PLAIN, CALIFORNIA RICHARD A. MINNICH, Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 RAYMOND J. DEZZANI, College of Liberal Arts, Boston University,Boston, Massa- chusetts 02215-1401 Californian coastal sage scrub (CSS), which consistsof dense stands of soft-leaved drought-deciduoussubshrubs 0.5-1.5 m tall, has been exten- sivelycleared for agricultureand urbanization(Westman 1981). The state of California has initiated a regionally focused conservation-planningprocess for natural communities,including CSS, in southern California (O'Leary et al. 1992). To protect two endangered species of CSS, the Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodornys $tephen$i) and the California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica), Riverside County has developed a habitat-conserva- tion plan for CSS in the Riverside-PerrisPlain, an area of rapid presentand future urbanization.This has resultedin protectionof CSS through purchase of private lands surroundingpreexisting public lands, largely through politi- cal and economic incentives(Feldman 1995). Few studies have examined the landscape-scaledynamics of surviving CSS, particularlyin relation to the invasionof exotic annuals introduced from the Mediterraneanbasin and Middle East since the late 18th century. While it is widely reported that exotic annuals have displaced indigenous herbaceous ecosystems(McNaughton 1968, Gulmon 1977, Heady 1988, Drake and Mooney 1986, Huenneke et al. 1990, D'Antonio and Vitousek 1992), relationshipsbetween the spread of these annuals and the dynamics of shrublandcommunities are not well understood.O'Leary and Westman (1988) and O'Leary (1990) demonstratedthat CSS has been reduced by frequent fire, grazing, and the invasion of exotic annuals, as well as air pollution.
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California Sagebrush (Artemisia Californica) Plant Guide
Natural Resources Conservation Service Plant Guide CALIFORNIA SAGEBRUSH Artemisia californica Less. Plant Symbol = ARCA11 Common Names: Coastal sagebrush, Coast sagebrush, California sagewort. Scientific Names (The Plant List, 2013; USDA-NRCS, 2020): Artemisia californica var. californica Less. (2011); Artemisia californica var. insularis (Rydb,) Munz (1935). Figure 1 California Sagebrush. James L. Reveal, USDA- NRCS PLANTS Database Description General: Aster Family (Asteraceae). California sagebrush is an aromatic, native, perennial shrub that can reach 5 to 8 feet in height. It has a generally rounded growth habit, with slender, flexible stems branching from the base of the plant. Leaves are more or less hairy, light green to gray in color, usually 0.8 to 4.0 inches in length, with 2 to 4 thread-like lobes that are less than 0.04 inches wide, with the margins curled under. California sagebrush blooms in the later summer to autumn/winter (depending on locale), and inflorescences are long, narrow, leafy and sparse, generally exceeding the leaves, with heads less than 0.2 inches in diameter that nod when in fruit (Hickman, 1993). Distribution: California sagebrush is found in coastal sage scrub communities from southwestern coastal Oregon, along the California coast and foothills, south into northern Baja California, Mexico (Figure 2) (Hickman, 1993). It also occurs on the coastal islands of California and Baja, generally below 3300 feet elevation, but may extend inland (and over 4920 feet in elevation) from the coastal zone. Habitat Adaptation This shrub is a dominant component of the coastal sage scrub, and an important member of some chaparral, coastal dune and dry foothill plant communities, especially near the coast (Hickman, 1993).
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Vegetation Alliances of the San Dieguito River Park Region, San Diego County, California
Vegetation alliances of the San Dieguito River Park region, San Diego County, California By Julie Evens and Sau San California Native Plant Society 2707 K Street, Suite 1 Sacramento CA, 95816 In cooperation with the California Natural Heritage Program of the California Department of Fish and Game And San Diego Chapter of the California Native Plant Society Final Report August 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 1 Methods ........................................................................................................................................... 2 Study area ................................................................................................................................... 2 Existing Literature Review........................................................................................................... 2 Sampling ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Figure 1. Study area including the San Dieguito River Park boundary within the ecological subsections color map and within the County inset map............................................................ 3 Figure 2. Locations of the field surveys....................................................................................... 5 Cluster analyses for vegetation classification ............................................................................
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