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Menno Simons En David Joris 71 Doopsgezinde Bijdragen nieuwe reeks nummer 12-13 verzameld door de redactiecommissie van de Doopsgezinde Historische Kring W. Bergsma J. Brüsewitz D. Visser P. Visser S. Voolstra uitgegeven door de Doopsgezinde Historische Kring Singel 454, 1017 AW Amsterdam Doopsgezinde Bijdragen nieuwe reeks nummer 12-13 Doopsgezinde Historische Kring Amsterdam 1987 © 1987 Doopsgezinde Historische Kring, Amsterdam Zet- en drukwerk: Samsom Sijthoff grafische bedrijven bv, Alphen aan den Rijn Eindredactie: S. Voolstra ISBN 90 70164 87 6 ISSN 0167-0441 Inhoud Redactioneel 9 C. Augustijn Anabaptisme in de Nederlanden 13 A.F. Mellink De beginperiode van het Nederlands 29 Anabaptisme in het licht van het laatste onderzoek L.G. Jansma Misdaad in de zestiende eeuw in de 40 Nederlanden De Batenburgse benden na 1540 W. Bergsma Marnix en de Schwenckfeldianen 56 Enige opmerkingen S. Zijlstra Menno Simons en David Joris 71 G.K. Waite David Joris ' ideeën in het kader van de vroege 81 melchioritische en munsterse bewegingen in de Lage Landen W.O. Packull Peter Tasch en de Melchiorieten in Hessen 107 M.J. Reimer-Blok De Vlaamse Anabaptisten 139 Een studie van de brieven van Jacob de Roore D. Liechty Het Hongaarse 'Boekje betreffende de ware 155 christelijke doop' De Vlaamse herkomst en de theologische betekenis LB. Horst Portretten van Menno Simons. 169 G.K. Epp De relatie van Menno Simons met de 173 Premonstratenzers Bevestigingen, herzieningen en nieuw bewijsmateriaal l.B. Horst Menno Simons en de traditie van Augustinus 181 T. George De spiritualiteit der vroege Dopers in de Lage 195 Landen W.E. Estep, Jr. De oecumenische betekenis van Menno 212 Simons' gemeentebegrip W. Klaassen Menno Simons. Vormgever van een traditie 226 S. Voolstra 'Van ware penitencie'. De kern van Menno 248 Simons' theologie C.l. Dyck Hans de Ries en het erfgoed van Men no Simons 266 Interview I.B. Horst- 'Wie kerkgeschiedenis schrijft moet 284 weten wat de kerk is' Boekbesprekingen Clasina Manusov, Pelgrims en Profeten. 289 Bunyan 's 'The Pi/grim 's Progress' in de mystieke denkwereld van Jacob Böhme (door P. Visser) C.A. Höweler & F.H. Matter, Fontes 291 Hymnodiae Neerlandicae Impressi 1539-1700 (door P. Visser) Neal Blough, Christologie Anabaptiste. 293 Pi/gram Marpeck et l'humanité du Christ( door J.A. Oosterbaan) The Dutch Dissenters. l.B. Horst, ed. (door S. 295 Zijlstra) C.Arnold Snyder, The life and thought of 297 Michael Sattler(door A.M. Visser) W. van 't Spijker, Gereformeerden en Dopers 300 (door S. Voolstra) M.C. Postema, Het spoor van MennoSimonsz' 304 gedachten (door S. Voolstra) Boekaankondigingen 307 Mededelingen 310 Verenigingsnieuws Verslagen ledenvergaderingen 1985-1986 311 Financieel overzicht 1985 Ledenlijst; voortzetting tot 1 november 1986 Adressen auteurs 316 Redactioneel De ideëen van de doopsgezinde kerkhistoricus W.J. Kühlerillustreren op fraaie wijze het cliché dat tijden veranderen. Ooit raakte hij bij een portret van Menno Simons in trance en voerde hij een gesprek met hem. 1 Bij naderonderzoek bleek, dat het een schilderij van Viglius van Aytta betrof, beslist geen vriend van de Dopers. In 1912 wendde hij zich, na Hendrik Niklaas en David Joris te hebben besproken, met een gevoel van verademing af 'van deze verwarde theologie, bovendien nog door dweepzucht en zinnelijkheid verontreinigd' .2 In 1936 wei­ gerde hij mee te werken aan de herdenking van Menno Simons' uitgang uit Babel. Vijftig jaar later echter wordt een congres georganiseerd waar David Joris het volle pond krijgt en Menno door onderzoekers van verschillende le­ vensbeschouwelijke signatuur wordt bestudeerd. Naar aanleiding van de herdenking van Menno Simons' breuk met de Rooms-Katholieke Kerk (1536-1986) kwamen uit binnen- en buitenland theo­ logen en historici van 20-24 mei 1986 te Amsterdam bijeen om nieuw licht te werpen op het thema: 'Geestelijke vernieuwing en sociale verandering. De vroege Reformatie in de Nederlanden, circa 1530-1565'. In dit dubbelnummer van de Doopsgezinde Bijdragen. Nieuwe Reeks zijn de voordrachten gebundeld die op dit congres werden gehouden. De eerste opzet van het congres was om de doperse beweging een plaats te geven binnen het geheel van de Reformatie. C. Augustijn3 en A.F. Mellink brachten het milieu en de oorsprong van het Neder­ landse Anabaptisme in kaart. De vroege zestiende eeuw werd gekenmerkt door een grote openheid voor nieuwe ideeën. De reformatorische bewegingen waren 1 W.J. Kühler, 'Gesprek met Menno', Doopsgezinde Bijdragen45 (1905) 176-191. 2 W.J. Kühler, Het socinianisme in Nederland(Leeuwarden, 1980; facsimile van de oorspronkelijke druk Leiden, 1912) 39. 3 Dit was Augustijns tweede bijdrage m.b.t. de doperse beweging in de Nederlanden in het herdenkingsjaar van de Erasmus' overlijden en Menno Simons' uittocht uit het Pausdom. Op 9 mei 1986 hield hij een interessante lezing op het 21 e International Congress on Medieval Studies, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, over de mogelijke invloed van Erasmus op Menno. Gepubliceerd onder de titel 'Erasmus en Menno Simons' in The Mennonite Quarterly Review LX (1986) 497-508. Zie in hetzelfde nummer ook de andere bijdragen tot het Men no Simons-onderzoek door W. Klaassen, 'Menno Simons Research, 1937-1986' (pp. 483-496) en V.O. Doerksen/H. Joldersma, 'Menno Simons on the Triune God: the Hamburg Manuscript' (pp. 509-547). 10 aanvankelijk nog weinig omlijnd. De begintijd van de Reformatie in de Lage Landen was veel diffuser dan lange tijd, vanuit confessionele vooronderstellin­ gen, is gedacht. Zelfs wat onder Sacramentariërs verstaan moet worden is we­ derom een open vraag, evenals hun relatie tot de eerste Dopers. Een drietal onderzoekers uit het noorden des lands, L.G. Jansma, W. Berg­ sma en S. Zijlstra, 4 traden voor het voetlicht met referaten over respectievelijk de naweeën van het Munsterse geweld, Schwenckfelds invloed in de Nederlanden en de verstoorde relatie tussen David Joris en Menno Simons. G. Waite besteed­ de eveneens aandacht aan David Joris, in het bijzonder aan diens reactie op Bernhard Rothmanns Restitution. De grenzen werden wat wijder getrokken in de voordracht van W.O. Packull over de belangrijke doperse voorman Peter Tasch en de volgelingen van Melchior Hoffman in Hessen. M. Reimer-Blok onderzocht het kenmerkende van het geloof der Vlaamse Dopers aan de hand van de nagelaten brieven van Jacob de Roore, terwijl D. Liechty de Vlaamse oorsprongen van een Hongaars boekje over de doop probeerde aan te tonen. De vraag van de typisch doperse spiritualiteit werd in een brede verhandeling aan­ gesneden door T. George. Na al deze pogingen om een context te ontwerpen, kwam op het congres vervolgens Menno Simons in het brandpunt van de belangstelling te staan. G.K. Epp vervolgde zijn onderzoek naar de premontratensische (norbertijnse) in­ vloeden op Menno's theologische educatie. LB. Horst had het zich niet gemak­ kelijk gemaakt door de relatie tussen het gedachtengoed van Menno en Augus­ tinus te schetsen. Een niet minder eenvoudige opgave was W.R. Estep toebe­ deeld: de oecumenische implicaties van Menno's ecclesiologie. Hoe hebben Menno Simons' ideeëen in de doperse traditie doorgewerkt? Wat is de actuali­ teit ervan? Op deze vragen probeerde W. Klaassen een antwoord te vinden. S. Voolstra onderzocht aan de hand van het begrip 'de ware boete', in hoeverre Menno's theologie reformatorisch mag heten. Wanneer het waar is dat Hans de Ries - meer dan Menno - de latere doperse traditie in Nederland heeft bepaald, dan mag een zorgvuldige beschouwing van hun verschillen en overeenkomsten niet ontbreken. C.J. Dyck heeft zich van deze taak gekweten. In 1961 (ook al een jaar van gedenken: Menno Simons 1496-1561) schreef C. Krahn dat erin het Menno Simons-onderzoek een tendens te bespeuren viel van een biografische naar een meer theologische benadering.5 In hoeverre heeft 4 Door Henk Wildschut in zijn congresverslag: 'Uyt Babel ghevloden. Wederdopers in de l 6e eeuw', in: Skript. Historisch Tijdschrift 8 ( 1986) 180-197, betiteld als 'the young Turcs', komend 'uit de schaduw van Mellink' (p. 182). 5 C. Krahn, 'Menno Simons Research (1910-1960)', in: W. Klaassen e.a., No Other Foundation. Commemorative Essays on Menno Simons(Bethel College, North Newton; Kansas, 1962) 65-76. 11 deze trend zich voortgezet? W. Klaassen concludeert terugblikkend op 50 jaar onderzoek, dat de historische interesse in Menno is gebleven, hoewel Menno's theologie thans meer als een levend proces dan als een abstract systeem wordt beschreven. Hoewel sociale geschiedenis nu in de mode is, blijft evenwel de noodzaak van een historisch-kritische en minder apologetische theologische benadering van Menno Simons bestaan.6 Welke waren nu de conclusies van het Amsterdamse congres? Uit de evalua­ tie van de geleverde bijdragen door een forum bestaande uit Augustijn, Dyck, Horst en Klaassen o.l.v. Bergsma kwam onder meer naar voren, dat er welis­ waar vele goede studies en bronnenpublicaties verschenen zijn over het Ana­ baptisme in de Lage Landen van de zestiende eeuw, maar dat veel onderzoek toch geïsoleerd plaats vindt. Daarmee werd gedoeld op het bestuderen van de Dopers los van de context van de Reformatie, waardoor het perspectief ont­ breekt. De doperse beweging vormde een onderdeel van die grote Reformatie en is zonder die achtergrond niet te verstaan. Er werden ook enkele desiderata geformuleerd voor toekomstig onderzoek. Belangrijke onderwerpen zijn o.a. een biografie van David Joris, nader onder­ zoek naar persoon en werk van Hendrik Rol, een studie van de sociale achter­ grond der Dopers in de Nederlanden,
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