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Heliconiaceae fa octubre 2000 CONSEJO EDITORIAL Victoria Sosa EditorenJefe Leticia Cabrera Rodríguez MichaelNee Manuel Escamilla Lorin 1. Nevling Nancy P. Moreno Jerzy Rzedowski María Teresa Mejia-Saulés Arturo Gómez-Pompa Asesor Comité Editorial Flora de Veracruz es un proyecto conjunto del Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Xalapa, Veracruz y la Universidad de California, Riverside. Flora ofVeracruz isan international collaborative project between the Instituto de Ecología, A. C. and the UniversityofCalifornia at Riverside. D. R. ~ Arturo Gómez-Pompa Flora de Veracruz Impreso y hecho en México ISSN OI 87-425X ISBN 968-7863-75-7 INMEMORIAM El presente fascículo de la Flora de Veracruz se dedica como homena­ je a la memoria de la destacada científica: Bernice G. Schubert (1913-2000) La Dra. Schubert fué miembro del Comité Editorial de la Flora de Veracruz durante 13 años (1986-1999). Fué una entusiasta colaboradora y contribuyó en los tratamientos referentes a Dioscoreaceae (53) y Begoniaceae (100). Los editores de la Flora de Veracruz reconocen la magnífica obra botáni­ ca de la Dra. Schubert consistente en 94 trabajos científicos, entre los que destacan estudios de numerosos taxa mexicanos de los géneros Desmodium, Dioscorea y Begonia. Recibió su grado de Ph. D. en el Radcliffe College (1941) con una tesis sobre el género Desmodium (Leguminosae). Colaboró con M. Fernald en el Gray Herbarium y como recipiente de la Guggenheim Fellowship estudió Desmodium en herbarios europeos, donde fué consultora botánica para las Floras de Congo, Ruanda y Burundi. Trabajó con el USDA en la búsqueda de alcaloides medicinales en Dioscorea de Norte y Centroamérica por lo que colectó en Cuba, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, Panamá, México y Brasil hasta 1961. En 1962 ingresó al Amold Arboretum de la Universidad de Harvard don­ de fué nombrada "Investigadora Emérita" en 1983. Entre diversas distinciones recibidas destacan la medalla de plata de la Massachusetts Horticultural Society y el premio Eva Kenworthy Gray de la Sociedad Americana de Begonias. Fué editora del Journal of the Amold Arboretum por varias décadas y Miembro Honorario de la Sociedad Botánica de México. Falleció el pasado 14 de agosto del 2000 en Brookhaven, Massachusetts. De acuerdo a su deseo, sus cenizas fueron esparcidas en el bosque del Cementerio Mt. Aubum, donde Asa Gray y otros destacados botánicos de la Universidad de Harvard han sido enterrados. FLORA DE VERACRUZ Publicada por el Instituto de Ecologia, A. C. Xalapa, Veracruz, México Fasciculo 118 Octubre 2000 HELICONIACEAE Celso Gutiérrez-Báez Centro de Investigaciones Históricas y Sociales Universidad Autónoma de Campeche HELICONIACEAE Nakai Hierbas. Hojas simples, enteras, dísticas. Inflorescencia terminal, erecta o péndula, pedunculada, el raquis erecto o sinuoso, las espatas dísticas a helicoidales, ciatiformes o cimbiformes, las brácteas envolventes; flores hermafroditas, asimétricas; estambres 5, ditécicos, el estaminodio único; ova­ rio infero, los óvulos solitarios en cada lóculo, la placentación basal o axilar; estilo solitario. Fruto una drupa; semillas 1-3. Familia monotípica, en la que el género He/iconiatiene una distribución tropical y subtropical en México, Centroamérica y Sudamérica, y una especie amplia­ mente distribuida hasta el Pacífico Sur. La simetría invertida de las flores (el sépalo medio es adaxial y opuesto a un estaminodio) hace de Heliconia un géne­ ro único comparado con géneros similares con cinco estambres. En México existen 16 especies de las cuáles se reconocen 9 para Veracruz. El llamativo colorido de sus inflorescencias las hace atractivas como orna­ mentales, mientras que sus hojas son utilizadas para envolver alimentos. Los polinizadores son generalmente colibríes. Se propagan en forma asexual. Las Heliconaceae se han separado de las Musaceae por presentar flores hermafroditas, hojas disticas, sin látex, frutos capsulares o esquizocárpicos, la simetría floral invertida y el sépalo medio adaxial. En cambio, la familia Musaceae presenta flores unisexuales funcionales, hojas dispuestas en espiral, con látex, frutos car­ nosos y el sépalo medio es abaxial. 2 FLORA DE VERACRUZ Referencias ANDERSSON, L. 1981. Revision of Heliconia sec!. Heliconia (Musaceae). Nordic 1. Bo!. 1: 759-784. ANDERSSON, L. 1985. Revision ofHeliconia subgen. Stenochlamys (Musaeae­ Heliconoideae). Opera Bo!. 82:123. KRESS, w.1. 1984. Systematics ofCentral American Heliconia (Heliconiaceae), with pendent inflorescenses. J. Arnold Arbor. 65 (4):429-532. STANDLEY, P.e. & J.A. STEYERMARK. 1952. Musaceae. Flora ofGuate­ mala. Fieldiana, Bo!. 24 (3): 178-191. HELICONIA L., Man!. PI., 2: 147. 1771. nomo cons. Bihai Adans., Fam. PI. 2:67. 1763. Heliconiopsis Miq., FI. Ind. Ba!. 3:590-1855.1858. Hierbas perennes, glabras a pubescentes o velutinas, a veces hirsutas, el pseudotallo erecto, no ramificado, glabro a hirsuto. Hojas subsésiles a pecioladas, el nervio central prominente, la nervación secundaria pinnado-paralela, glabras a hirsutas. InfloreKencias tenninales, erectas o péndulas, el pedúnculo subsésil a notablemente desarrollado, glabro a velutino, el raquis erecto o sinuoso, inconspicuo a notablemente desarrollado, glabro o velutino, las espatas dísticas a helicoidales, ciatifonnes, cimbifonnes, lanceoladas, glabras a velutinas, las brácteas blanco-amarillentas, pelúcidas, envolventes, glabras a pubescentes o velutinas, el pedicelo glabro a velutino; tépalos 6, en dos series; estambres 5, las anteras bitecas, basifijas, adnadas, el estaminodio único; ovario ínfero, 3- carpelar, 3-locular; óvulos solitarios en cada lóculo, la placentación basal o axilar, ventral; estilo único. Fruto una drupa, triangular, glabra a velutina, negra a verde o azul; semillas 1-3, pardas a negras, irregulares, la sección central apIa­ nada, el margen rugoso. Inflorescencia péndula ....................................... H collinsiana varo collinsiana Inforescencia erecta. Inflorescencia helicoidal. Espatas descendentes ............................................................ H schiedeana Espatas divaricadas. C. Gutiérrez-Báez. Heliconiaceae 3 Espatas rojas, helicoidales, velutinas ........................................ H spissa Espatas anaranjadas, alternas, pubescentes ......................... H /atispatha Inflorescencia dística. Espatas amarillas ................................................................... H librata Espatas rojas Hojas sésiles o subsésiles .................. H vaginalis subsp. mathiasiae Hojas pecioladas Espatasciatiformes ............................................... H wcpanapensis Espatas cimbiformes Pecíolo glabro; pedúnculo, raquis y fiutos pubescentes ..... ................. ..................... ......................................... H adjlexa Pecíolo hirsuto; pedúnculo, raquis y frutos glabros ............................................................................. H bourgaeana HELICONlAADFLEXA (Griggs) StandI.,J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 162. 1927. Bihai adjlexa Griggs, Bul!. Torrey Bol. Club 42: 325. 1915. Tipo: Guatemala, Alta Verapaz, Cobán, Tuerckheim 2356 (Holotipo: NY!; isotipos: G, US). Nombres comunes. Papatla, platanillo. Hierbas de 1-4 m de alto, el pseudotalloerecto, redondo u ovalado, de 1-2.7 m de alto, 2.3-6 cm de ancho. Hojas verde-oscuras, el haz opaco, el envés verde lustroso, dísticas, oblongo-lanceoladas, de 27-143 cm de largo, 15-44 cm de ancho, glabras, el margen entero, el ápice mucronulado, la base oblicua, el ner­ vio central pardo, pubescente, los nervios secundarios pinnado-paralelos, el pe­ ciolo erecto, redondo u ovalado, de 6-93 cm de largo, 0.5-2.1 cm de ancho, glabro, abrazador. Inflorescencia terminal, triangular, de 25-50 cm de largo, 25- 45 cm de ancho en la parte basal, 13.5-18 cm de ancho en parte media, 7-12 cm de ancho en la parte terminal, pubescente, el pedúnculo rojo, redondo a ovalado, de 28-56 cm de largo, 0.6-1.4 cm de ancho, tomentoso, pubescente en la parte superior, el raquis rojo, erecto, sinuoso, de 1.4-4.2 cm de largo (entre las espatas), 0.3-1.4 cm de ancho, tomentoso, las espatas 14, rojas, dísticas, cimbiformes, difusas, el ángulo de inclinación con respecto al raquis de 600 _115 0 grados en las basales, 65 0 -1000 grados en las intermedias, 45 0 _95 0 grados en las termina- 4 FLORA DE VERACRUZ les, de 2-20.5 cm de largo, 0.7-2 cm de alto, 0.5-3 cm de ancho, pubescentes, el margen entero, revoluto, el ápice acuminado, la base abrazadora, las brácteas blanco-amarillentas, triangulares, de 4.3-5.2 cm de largo, 0.7-1.2 cm de ancho, glabras, el margen entero, el ápice agudo, la base envolvente, el pedicelo verde­ amarillento, erecto, aplanado, de 1.1-2.8 cm de largo, 0.2-0.3 cm de ancho, pub­ escente; flores amarillo encendido, pediceladas, de 3.8-4.2 cm de largo, 0.5- 0.7 cm de ancho, el filamento blanco, de 2.6-3 cm de largo, 0.1 cm de ancho; anteras de 1.2-1.3 cm de largo, el estaminodio blanco, de 0.5 cm de largo, 0.3 cm de ancho; estilo blanco, de 3.5-3.8 cm de largo. Frutos triangulares, de 0.8- 1.5 cm de largo, 0.8-1.6 cm de ancho, azules y verdes, pubescentes, el ápice truncado, el pedicelo de 1.1-2.8 cm de largo, 0.2-0.3 cm de ancho, pubescente; semillas 3, negras, irregulares, aplanadas ventralmente, de 0.8-1.2 cm de largo, 0.6-0.8 cm de ancho, el margen rugoso, la testa dura. Distribución. México (Veracruz, D.F., Oaxaca, Chiapas); Guatemala y Hon­ duras. Ejemplares examinados. Mun. Huatusco, cerro cercano a Tenejapa, S. Avgndaño &A. Benavides 725 (XAL); Mun. Orizaba, Orizaba, M Botteri 523 (GH); Mun. Teocelo, Xico, cascada de Texolo, J. 1 Calzada et al.
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