DOCSLIB.ORG

Human Skin Pigmentation Variation: a Phenotypic, Genotypic, And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Human Skin Pigmentation Variation: a Phenotypic, Genotypic, And The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts HUMAN SKIN PIGMENTATION VARIATION: A PHENOTYPIC, GENOTYPIC, AND EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE A Thesis in Anthropology by Heather Lynne Norton © 2005 Heather Lynne Norton Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2005 ii The thesis of Heather Lynne Norton was reviewed and approved* by the following: Mark D. Shriver Associate Professor of Biological Anthropology Thesis Advisor Chair of Committee Kenneth M. Weiss Evan Pugh Professor of Biological Anthropology and Genetics Jeffery A. Kurland Associate Professor of Biological Anthropology and Human Development Kateryna Makova Assistant Professor of Biology Dean R. Snow Professor of Anthropology Head of the Department of Anthropology *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Skin pigmentation varies both within and between human populations. Broad patterns of variation between human populations tend to follow geographic clines that are highly correlated with the amount of UVR striking the surface of the earth. Many have suggested that the broad patterns of human pigmentation variation reflect changes due to natural selection while others feel that sexual selection is a better explanation. The purpose of this dissertation is to improve current understanding of localized patterns of pigmentation variation in Island Melanesia, the genes underlying that variation, and the potential role that natural selection has played in determining global patterns of pigmentation. To assess phenotypic variation across a localized geographic region I analyzed quantitative measures of skin and hair pigmentation in 1135 Island Melanesians. While skin pigmentation variation in the region has likely been constrained by natural selection the patterns of variation that I observed within and between islands suggests that localized patterns of variation may have been influenced by genetic drift and/or sexual selection. The population history of the region is characterized by intermittent waves of migration and long periods of isolation and drift in some islands. This has led to complex population substructure across the region that complicates the interpretation of genotype- phenotype associations that I observed between the OCA2 and ASIP genes and skin pigmentation and the MC1R gene and hair pigmentation. To control for this stratification in future studies I proposed a method using a panel of neutral markers that will be able to differentiate between different subpopulations in the region iv Pairwise locus-specific FST is used to detect signals of selection in six pigmentation candidate genes in six geographically diverse populations. Four of the six genes show high pairwise FST values that may be indicative of population divergence due to selection. All four were confirmed to be associated with normal skin pigmentation variation using admixture mapping. I also typed these four loci in the CEPH-diversity panel to confirm these signals of selection. Two of these genes, OCA2 and ASIP, are associated with pigmentation differences between lightly and darkly pigmented populations. The distribution of the light and dark alleles at OCA2 A355G in the CEPH- diversity panel suggests that polymorphism at OCA2 may be quite old; the high frequency of the light OCA2 allele in the Khoisan sample is consistent with this interpretation. The distribution of the light and dark alleles at ASIP A8818G in this sample set suggests that the ASIP dark allele is most common in Africa and occurs at much lower frequencies elsewhere, including at least some (but not all) Island Melanesian populations. MATP and TYR show strong signals of European-significant divergence, suggesting that lighter skin in European populations may be due to mutations independent of those associated with lighter pigmentation in East Asian populations. This is consistent with the genotyping results in the CEPH-diversity panel, which demonstrated that the light allele in each gene occurs at its highest frequency in Europe and declines rapidly as one moves east and south. This dissertation has highlighted the potential for localized variation in human skin and hair pigmentation to have been shaped by genetic drift or sexual selection while still being constrained by natural selection. It has also demonstrated the importance of being able to control for population stratification in genotype-phenotype association v studies. Lastly, it used a locus-specific FST-based method to identify pigmentation candidate genes that may have been subject to selection. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures..............................................................................................................ix List of Tables ...............................................................................................................xi Acknowledgements......................................................................................................xiii Chapter 1 Background and Introduction.....................................................................1 Introduction...........................................................................................................2 Phenotypic Variation ............................................................................................6 Pigmentation and Racial Classification................................................................10 Origins of Phenotypic Variation...........................................................................13 Photoprotection..............................................................................................14 Vitamin D Hypothesis ...................................................................................15 Folic Acid Hypothesis ...................................................................................16 Concealment..................................................................................................17 Thermoregulation ..........................................................................................17 Disease Resistance.........................................................................................19 Melanin Biosynthesis............................................................................................19 Pigmentation Candidate Genes.............................................................................22 Conclusions...........................................................................................................27 Literature Cited.....................................................................................................28 Chapter 2 Skin and Hair Pigmentation Variation in Island Melanesia.......................46 Introduction...........................................................................................................47 Materials and Methods .........................................................................................50 Measurement .................................................................................................51 Island Classification ......................................................................................53 Linguistic Classification................................................................................53 Neighborhood Classification.........................................................................55 Latitude/longitude Classification...................................................................56 Statistical Analysis ........................................................................................58 Results...................................................................................................................58 Sex-based Differences...................................................................................58 Effects of Increasing Adult Age....................................................................59 Linguistic Phylum .........................................................................................60 Island .............................................................................................................62 Neighborhood................................................................................................63 Latitude and Longitude..................................................................................67 Interaction Effects .........................................................................................68 Discussion.............................................................................................................68 Sex-based Differences...................................................................................68 vii Age ................................................................................................................70 Linguistic Phylum .........................................................................................72 Island and Neighborhood Variation ..............................................................75 Latitude and Longitude..................................................................................85 Conclusions...........................................................................................................88 Acknowledgements...............................................................................................89 Literature Cited.....................................................................................................90
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)
    ©Entomologischer Verein Apollo e.V. Frankfurt am Main; download unter www.zobodat.at Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 36 (1): 55–61 (2015) 55 A checklist of the hawkmoths of Woodlark Island, Papua New Guinea (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) W. John Tennent, George Clapp and Eleanor Clapp W. John Tennent, Scientific Associate, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, England; [email protected] George Clapp, 17 Tamborine Street, Hemmant, Queensland 4174, Australia Eleanor Clapp, 18 Adriana Drive, Buderim, Queensland 4556, Australia Abstract: A tabulated and annotated checklist of hawk­ exploration began again in 1973, and Woodlark Mining moths (Sphingidae) observed and collected by the first Limited (purchased by Kula Gold in 2007) was form ally au thor during three visits to Woodlark Island (Papua New granted a mining lease by the PNG govern ment in July Gui nea, Milne Bay Province) in 2010–2011 is presented. Nu me rous moths were attracted to mercury vapour bulbs 2014. used to illuminate a helicopter landing site and security A combination of an oceanic origin (Woodlark has lights around the administrative building at Bomagai Camp ne ver been connected by land to New Guinea), remo­ (Woodlark Mining Limited), near Kulumudau on the west te ness from the main island of New Guinea, and rather of the island. re stricted habitats, has resulted in an ecologically dis­ Keywords: Lepidoptera, Sphingidae, Papua New Guinea, Milne Bay Province, Woodlark Island, range extension, tinct fauna. For example, there are no birds of paradise, distribution, new island records. bower birds, or wallabies on Woodlark, and only one species each of honey eater, sunbird and cuscus — all taxa Verzeichnis der Schwärmer von Woodlark Island, that are diverse and in some cases moderately numerous Papua-Neuguinea (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) elsewhere in Papua New Guinea.
    [Show full text]
  • Argonauts of the Western Pacific: an Account of Native Enterprise And
    INTRODUCTION THE SUBJECT, METHOD AND SCOPE OF THIS INQUIRY I THE coastal populations of the South Sea Islands, with very few exceptions, are, or were before their extinction, expert navigators and traders. Several of them had evolved excellent types of large sea-going canoes, and used to embark in them on distant trade expeditions or raids of war and conquest. The Papuo- Melanesians, who inhabit the coast and the outlying islands of New Guinea, are no exception to this rule. In general they are daring sailors, industrious manufacturers, and keen traders. The manufacturing centres of important articles, such as pottery, stone implements, canoes, fine baskets, valued ornaments, are localised in several places, according to the skill of the inhabitants, their inherited tribal tradition, and special facilities offered by the district; thence they are traded over wide areas, sometimes travelling more than hundreds of miles. Definite forms of exchange along definite trade routes are to be found established between the various tribes. A most remarkable form of intertribal trade is that obtaining between the Motu of Port Moresby and the tribes of the Papuan Gulf. The Motu sail for hundreds of miles in heavy, unwieldy canoes, called lakatoi, which are provided with the characteristic crab-claw sails. They bring pottery and shell ornaments, in olden days, stone blades, to Gulf Papuans, from whom they obtain in exchange sago and the heavy dug-outs, which are used afterwards by the Motu for the construction of their lakatoi canoes.* Further East, on the South coast, there lives the industrious, sea-faring population of the Mailu, who link the East End of New Guinea with the central coast tribes by means of annual trading expeditions.* Finally, the natives of the islands and archipelagoes, scattered around the East End, are in constant trading relations with one another.
    [Show full text]
  • Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands
    Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands First compiled by Nancy Sack and Gwen Sinclair Updated by Nancy Sack Current to January 2020 Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands Background An inquiry from a librarian in Micronesia about how to identify subject headings for the Pacific islands highlighted the need for a list of authorized Library of Congress subject headings that are uniquely relevant to the Pacific islands or that are important to the social, economic, or cultural life of the islands. We reasoned that compiling all of the existing subject headings would reveal the extent to which additional subjects may need to be established or updated and we wish to encourage librarians in the Pacific area to contribute new and changed subject headings through the Hawai‘i/Pacific subject headings funnel, coordinated at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.. We captured headings developed for the Pacific, including those for ethnic groups, World War II battles, languages, literatures, place names, traditional religions, etc. Headings for subjects important to the politics, economy, social life, and culture of the Pacific region, such as agricultural products and cultural sites, were also included. Scope Topics related to Australia, New Zealand, and Hawai‘i would predominate in our compilation had they been included. Accordingly, we focused on the Pacific islands in Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia (excluding Hawai‘i and New Zealand). Island groups in other parts of the Pacific were also excluded. References to broader or related terms having no connection with the Pacific were not included. Overview This compilation is modeled on similar publications such as Music Subject Headings: Compiled from Library of Congress Subject Headings and Library of Congress Subject Headings in Jewish Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • In Tewara and Sanaroa Mythology of the Kula
    1 IN TEWARA AND SANAROA­ MYTHOLOGY OF THE KULA I DAYBREAK the party leave the Amphletts. This is the stage when the parting gifts, the talo'i are given. The clay pots, the X several kinds of produce of the islands and of the Koya, which had been laid aside the previous day, are now brought to the canoes. Neither the giver nor the main receiver, the toliwaga, take much notice of the proceedings, great nonchalance about give and take being the cor­ rect attitude prescribed by good manners. Children bring the objects, and the junior mem hers of the crew stow them away. The general behav­ iour of the crowds, ashore and in the canoes, is as unostentatious at this moment of parting as it was at the arrival. No more farewells than greet­ ings are spoken or shouted, nor are there any visible or formal signs of grief, or of hope of meeting again, or of any other emotions. The busy, self-absorbed crews push off stolidly, step the mast, set sail, and glide away. They now approach the broad front of Koyatabu, which with a favour­ able wind, they might reach within two hours or so. They probably sail near enough to get a clear view of the big trees standing on the edge of the jungle, and of the long waterfall dividing the mountain's flank right down the middle; of the triangular patches under cultivation, covered with the vine of yams and big leaves of taro. They could also perceive here and there smoke curling out of the jungle where, hidden under the trees, there lies a village, composed of a few miserable huts.
    [Show full text]
  • Heteroptera: Veliidae) from the East Papua Composite Terrane, Far Eastern New Guinea
    1 2 DAN A. POLHEMUS & JOHN T. POLHEMUS 1Dept. of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USA 2Colorado Entomological Institute, Englewood, CO, USA TWO NEW GENERA AND THIRTY NEW SPECIES OF MICROVELIINAE (HETEROPTERA: VELIIDAE) FROM THE EAST PAPUA COMPOSITE TERRANE, FAR EASTERN NEW GUINEA Polhemus, D. A. & J. T. Polhemus, 2004. Two new genera and thirty new species of Microv- eliinae (Heteroptera: Veliidae) from the East Papua Composite Terrane, far eastern New Guinea. – Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 147: 113-189, figs. 1–86. [ISSN 0040-7496]. Pub- lished 1 December 2004. Two new genera and 30 new species of Microveliinae are described from the East Papua Com- posite Terrane of far eastern New Guinea. This geologically defined region, including the Papuan Peninsula and the D’Entrecasteaux, Louisiade, and Marshall Bennett island groups, is hypothesized by geologists to have formed as a discrete microcontinent in the early Tertiary be- fore being sutured to greater New Guinea in the Miocene, and retains a highly endemic aquatic Heteroptera biota. The new taxa described from this area are as follows: Rheovelia gen. n. con- taining type species R. petrophila sp. n. from extreme southeastern New Guinea, R. robinae sp. n. from the D’Entrecasteaux Islands, R. insularis sp. n. from Tagula and Rossel islands, R. anomala sp. n. from Misima Island, R. truncata sp. n. from the Owen Stanley Range of southeastern New Guinea, R. asymmetrica sp. n. from the Owen Stanley Range of southeastern New Guinea, R. basilaki sp. n. from Basilaki Island, and R. fonticola sp. n. from the Cape Nelson Peninsula of southeastern New Guinea; Brechivelia gen.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Etiquette in the Pacific Guidelines for Staff Working in Pacific Communities Tropic of Cancer Tropique Du Cancer HAWAII NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS
    Cultural Etiquette in the Pacific Guidelines for staff working in Pacific communities Tropic of Cancer Tropique du Cancer HAWAII NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS GUAM MARSHALL PALAU ISLANDS BELAU Pacic Ocean FEDERATED STATES Océan Pacifique OF MICRONESIA PAPUA NEW GUINEA KIRIBATI NAURU KIRIBATI KIRIBATI TUVALU SOLOMON TOKELAU ISLANDS COOK WALLIS & SAMOA ISLANDS FUTUNA AMERICA SAMOA VANUATU NEW FRENCH CALEDONIA FIJI NIUE POLYNESIA TONGA PITCAIRN ISLANDS AUSTRALIA RAPA NUI/ NORFOLK EASTER ISLAND ISLAND Tasman Sea Mer De Tasman AOTEAROA/ NEW ZEALAND Tropic of Cancer Tropique du Cancer HAWAII NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS GUAM MARSHALL PALAU ISLANDS BELAU Pacic Ocean FEDERATED STATES Océan Pacifique OF MICRONESIA PAPUA NEW GUINEA KIRIBATI NAURU KIRIBATI KIRIBATI TUVALU SOLOMON TOKELAU ISLANDS COOK WALLIS & SAMOA ISLANDS FUTUNA AMERICA SAMOA VANUATU NEW FRENCH CALEDONIA FIJI NIUE POLYNESIA TONGA PITCAIRN ISLANDS AUSTRALIA RAPA NUI/ NORFOLK EASTER ISLAND ISLAND Tasman Sea Mer De Tasman AOTEAROA/ NEW ZEALAND Cultural Etiquette in the Pacific Guidelines for staff working in Pacific communities Noumea, New Caledonia, 2020 Look out for these symbols for quick identification of areas of interest. Leadership and Protocol Daily Life Background Religion Protocol Gender Ceremonies Dress Welcoming ceremonies In the home Farewell ceremonies Out and about Kava ceremonies Greetings Other ceremonies Meals © Pacific Community (SPC) 2020 All rights for commercial/for profit reproduction or translation, in any form, reserved. SPC authorises the partial reproduction or translation of this material for scientific, educational or research purposes, provided that SPC and the source document are properly acknowledged. Permission to reproduce the document and/or translate in whole, in any form, whether for commercial/for profit or non-profit purposes, must be requested in writing.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrographic Surveys
    Scope and Technical Report: Hydrographic Surveys November 2012 PNG: Maritime and Waterways Safety Project CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 5 November 2012) Currency unit – kina (K) K1.00 = $0.49 $1.00 = K2.06 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AIS – Automatic Identification System AHO – Australian Hydrographic Office AHS – Australian Hydrographic Service ECDIS – Electronic Chart Display ENC – Electronic Navigation Chart FIG – International Federation of Surveyors GNSS – Global Navigation Satellite System GPS – Global Positioning System IHO – International Hydrographic Organization IMO – International Maritime Organization NIH – National Institute of Hydrography NMSA – National Maritime Safety Authority OEM – Original Equipment Manufacturer PNG – Papua New Guinea SOLAS – Safety Of Life At Sea WGS 84 – World Geodetic Spheroid 84 ZOC – Zone of Confidence WEIGHTS AND MEASURES km (kilometer) – Linear measurement m (meter) – Linear measurement nm (nautical mile) – Measurement of distance at sea knot (nautical miles/hour) – Measurement of speed at sea and in air NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page A. Objectives and Scope of Work 1 B. Hydrographic Survey and Charting 1 C. Human Resources/ Manpower 4 D. Training 6 E. Equipment 6 F. Development Plan 7 G. Survey Arrangements 8 H. Recommendations 9 References 10 Appendix 1: Navigational Charts covering PNG 11 Appendix 2: Details of Areas Shown as Unsurveyed 14 Appendix 3: Listed Ports in Papua New Guinea 17 Appendix 4: Areas and Ports Identified for Large Scale Surveys 18 Appendix 5: List of Surveying Equipment held by Hydrographic Unit 23 Appendix 6: Proposed Structure and Responsibilities of Hydrographic Unit 24 Appendix 7: ESTIMATION of Time and Cost for Hydrographic Surveys 27 A.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternativeislandnamesmel.Pdf
    Current Name Historical Names Position Isl Group Notes Abgarris Abgarris Islands, Fead Islands, Nuguria Islands 3o10'S 155oE, Bismarck Arch. PNG Aion 4km S Woodlark, PNG Uninhabited, forest on sandbar, Raised reef - being eroded. Ajawi Geelvink Bay, Indonesia Akib Hermit Atoll having these four isles and 12 smaller ones. PNG Akiri Extreme NW near Shortlands Solomons Akiki W side of Shortlands, Solomons Alcester Alacaster, Nasikwabu, 6 km2 50 km SW Woodlark, Flat top cliffs on all sides, little forest elft 2005, PNG Alcmene 9km W of Isle of Pines, NC NC Alim Elizabeth Admiralty Group PNG Alu Faisi Shortland group Solomons Ambae Aoba, Omba, Oba, Named Leper's Island by Bougainville, 1496m high, Between Santo & Maewo, Nth Vanuatu, 15.4s 167.8e Vanuatu Amberpon Rumberpon Off E. coast of Vegelkop. Indonesia Amberpon Adj to Vogelkop. Indonesia Ambitle Largest of Feni (Anir) Group off E end of New Ireland, PNG 4 02 27s 153 37 28e Google & RD atlas of Aust. Ambrym Ambrim Nth Vanuatu Vanuatu Anabat Purol, Anobat, In San Miguel group,(Tilianu Group = Local name) W of Rambutyo & S of Manus in Admiralty Group PNG Anagusa Bentley Engineer Group, Milne Bay, 10 42 38.02S 151 14 40.19E, 1.45 km2 volcanic? C uplifted limestone, PNG Dumbacher et al 2010, Anchor Cay Eastern Group, Torres Strait, 09 22 s 144 07e Aus 1 ha, Sand Cay, Anchorites Kanit, Kaniet, PNG Anatom Sth Vanuatu Vanuatu Aneityum Aneiteum, Anatom Southernmost Large Isl of Vanuatu. Vanuatu Anesa Islet off E coast of Bougainville. PNG Aniwa Sth Vanuatu Vanuatu Anuda Anuta, Cherry Santa Cruz Solomons Anusugaru #3 Island, Anusagee, Off Bougainville adj to Arawa PNG Aore Nestled into the SE corner of Santo and separated from it by the Segond Canal, 11 x 9 km.
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Systems of Papua New Guinea
    AUSTRALIAN AGENCY for INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA Working Paper No. 6 MILNE BAY PROVINCE TEXT SUMMARIES, MAPS, CODE LISTS AND VILLAGE IDENTIFICATION R.L. Hide, R.M. Bourke, B.J. Allen, T. Betitis, D. Fritsch, R. Grau, L. Kurika, E. Lowes, D.K. Mitchell, S.S. Rangai, M. Sakiasi, G. Sem and B. Suma REVISED and REPRINTED 2002 THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY PAPUA NEW GUINEA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK UNIVERSITY OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA Working Paper No. 6 MILNE BAY PROVINCE TEXT SUMMARIES, MAPS, CODE LISTS AND VILLAGE IDENTIFICATION R.L. Hide, R.M. Bourke, B.J. Allen, T. Betitis, D. Fritsch, R. Grau, L. Kurika, E. Lowes, D.K. Mitchell, S.S. Rangai, M. Sakiasi, G. Sem and B. Suma Department of Human Geography, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia REVISED and REPRINTED 2002 Correct Citation: Hide, R.L., Bourke, R.M., Allen, B.J., Betitis, T., Fritsch, D., Grau, R., Kurika, L., Lowes, E., Mitchell, D.K., Rangai, S.S., Sakiasi, M., Sem, G. and Suma,B. (2002). Milne Bay Province: Text Summaries, Maps, Code Lists and Village Identification. Agricultural Systems of Papua New Guinea Working Paper No. 6. Land Management Group, Department of Human Geography, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra. Revised edition. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Entry: Milne Bay Province: text summaries, maps, code lists and village identification. Rev. ed. ISBN 0 9579381 6 0 1. Agricultural systems – Papua New Guinea – Milne Bay Province. 2.
    [Show full text]
  • The Marine Heteroptera of Far Eastern New Guinea And
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Denisia Jahr/Year: 2006 Band/Volume: 0019 Autor(en)/Author(s): Polhemus John T., Polhemus Dan A. Artikel/Article: The marine Heteroptera of Far Eastern New Guinea and adjacent Archipelagoes (Insecta, Gerromorpha) 927-982 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at The marine Heteroptera of Far Eastern New Guinea and adjacent Archipelagoes (Insecta, Gerromorpha)1 J.T. POLHEMUS & D.A. POLHEMUS Abstract: Marine Heteroptera, or true bugs, are ubiquitous but rarely recognized elements of tropical marine ecosystems worldwide, reaching their highest level of diversification in the southwestern Paci- fic. During the current study, collections of marine Heteroptera were made at 41 sampling stations in Milne Bay Province of far eastern Papua New Guinea between April 2002 and January 2004. The sam- pling stations included sites in and around Milne Bay itself and on the immediately adjacent islands of Killerton, Iabama, Nuakata, Sariba, Lesimano, Sideia, and Basilaki, as well as in the D’Entrecasteaux Is- lands (Fergusson, Normanby), the Louisiade Archipelago (Panatinane, Tagula, Rossel, Wola, Misima), the Engineer Group (Tubetube), the Conflict Group (Irai), the Marshall Bennett Islands (Woodlark), and Egum Atoll (Yanaba). A total of 29 species in 10 genera of marine Heteroptera were collected, in- cluding the following new taxa described herein: Ocheovelia nov.gen., with type species Ocheovelia heis- si nov.sp.; Hermatobates kula nov.sp.; Halovelia huniye nov.sp.; Halovelia misima nov.sp.; and Xenobates ka- nakopi nov.sp. In addition, a male neotype from the Zamboanga area of Mindanao, Philippines, is desi- gnated for Hermatobates marchei COUTIÉRE & MARTIN, and the following new combinations are propo- sed: Ocheovelia anderseni (LANSBURY) and Ocheovelia solomon (ANDERSEN); both of these species were previously held in the genus Halovelia.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018Wissedcjphdvol1 Copy
    ALL THINGS TROBRIAND A portrait of Dr. G. J. M. (Fred) Gerrits’ Trobriand Island collections, 1968 to 1972 Volume I Désirée C. J. Wisse October 2018 Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Sainsbury Research Unit For the Arts of Africa, Oceania and the Americas, University of East Anglia © This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived therefrom must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. Student number: 6355714 Abstract Dr. G.J.M. Gerrits was stationed on the Trobriand Islands as the Medical Officer between 1968 and 1971. In this period he collected approximately 3000 artefacts from the Trobriand Islands and the surrounding region. Approximately two- thirds of these objects are presently held in museums in Europe, Australia and Papua New Guinea. The study places Gerrits’ collection into a historical context of Trobriand collecting encounters and gains insights into ethnographic collection formation, considering various aspects of collecting. These include a collector’s multiple motives (Grijp, 2006), the desire to collect (complete) series of objects and unique pieces (Baudrillard 1994, Elsner and Cardinal, 1994) and differences between stable and mobile collecting (O‘Hanlon, 2000: 15). The study utilises Gerrits’ documentation, the collections of artefacts and photographs, conversations with Gerrits, Trobriand Islanders and other collectors, and draws on the literature on collecting research and publications containing information on Trobriand Island contact history.
    [Show full text]
  • Papua New Guinea, Yap & Palau
    Presents PAPUA NEW G UINEA, YAP & PALAU April 16 – May 2, 2013 • Aboard the Clipper Odyssey © Ewen Bell DEAR CLUB MEMBER Discover one of the least-traveled and most magical corners of the far western Pacifi c. e range of biodiversity here is simply astonishing and you will have ample opportunities to explore, both above and below the warm, tropical waters. is lush landscape of soaring, jungle-draped volcanoes and tiny, sandy islets are also home to some of the most traditional cultures of Oceania—their exuberant, ceremonial hospitality off ers a truly authentic experience. Expedition Highlights • Witness the spectacular fi re dances of the Baining tribe, where men don huge symbolic masks and leap over fl ames to the hypnotic beat of a bamboo band. • Explore waters teeming with tropical fi sh, hundreds of colorful coral species, and an amazing variety of sea creatures of all sizes. • Step ashore on the legendary Trobriand Islands, dubbed “Th e Islands of Love,” and visit the remote Yap State where the traditional clans of Satawal and Ifalik greet us with pounding drums and intricate dances. • Enjoy spectacular birding with a wealth of both widespread species, such as the greater frigatebird, and rare endemics, such as the megapode. • In Palau, snorkel amid thousands of stingless jellyfi sh in Jellyfi sh Lake, considered one of the seven underwater wonders of the world. • Expand your knowledge during presentations on the region’s geology, culture, history, and biology from our expert team of naturalists and lecturers. is itinerary strings together some of the most fascinating islands in Melanesia and Micronesia, ensuring that you will experience the very best that Papua New Guinea, Yap, and Palau have to off er.
    [Show full text]