What's at Stake for ACP Countries with a Hard Brexit?
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Brexit: the Unintended Consequences
A SYMPOSIUM OF VIEWS Brexit: The Unintended Consequences Bold policy changes always seem to produce unintended consequences, both favorable and unfavorable. TIE asked more than thirty noted experts to share their analysis of the potential unintended consequences—financial, economic, political, or social—of a British exit from the European Union. 6 THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY SPRING 2016 Britain has been an liberal approaches to various elements of financial market frameworks. essential part of an Yet our opinions can differ. First, we have almost completely different experiences with our countries’ fi- opinion group nancial industries during the Great Recession. The Czech financial sector served as a robust buffer, shielding us defending more from some of the worst shocks. The British have had a rather different experience with their main banks, which market-based and to some extent drives their position on risks in retail bank- ing. This difference is heightened by the difference in the liberal approaches. relative weight of financial institutions in our economies, as expressed by the size of the financial sector in relation MIROSLav SINGER to GDP. The fact that this measure is three to four times Governor, Czech National Bank larger in the United Kingdom than in the Czech Republic gives rise to different attitudes toward the risk of crisis in here is an ongoing debate about the economic mer- the financial industry and to possible crisis resolution. In its and demerits of Brexit in the United Kingdom. a nutshell, in sharp contrast to the United Kingdom, the THowever, from my point of view as a central banker Czech Republic can—if worse comes to worst—afford to from a mid-sized and very open Central European econ- close one of its major banks, guarantee its liabilities, and omy, the strictly economic arguments are in some sense take it into state hands to be recapitalized and later sold, overwhelmed by my own, often very personal experience without ruining its sovereign rating. -
Ten Issues to Watch in 2021
ISSN 2600-268X Ten issues to watch in 2021 IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service Author: Étienne Bassot Members' Research Service PE 659.436 – January 2021 EN This EPRS publication seeks to offer insights and put into context ten key issues and policy areas that are likely to feature prominently on the political agenda of the European Union in 2021. It has been compiled and edited by Isabelle Gaudeul-Ehrhart of the Members' Research Service, based on contributions from the following policy analysts: Marie-Laure Augère and Anna Caprile (Food for all? Food for thought), Denise Chircop and Magdalena Pasikowska-Schnass (Culture in crisis?), Costica Dumbrava (A new procedure to manage Europe's borders), Gregor Erbach (A digital boost for the circular economy), Silvia Kotanidis (Conference on the Future of Europe, in the introduction), Elena Lazarou (A new US President in the White House), Marianna Pari (The EU recovery plan: Turning crisis into opportunity?), Jakub Przetacznik and Nicole Scholz (The vaccine race for health safety), Ros Shreeves and Martina Prpic (Re-invigorating the fight against inequality?), Branislav Staniček (Turkey and stormy waters in the eastern Mediterranean) and Marcin Szczepanski (Critical raw materials for Europe). The cover image was produced by Samy Chahri. Further details of the progress of on-going EU legislative proposals, including all those mentioned in this document, are available in the European Parliament's Legislative Train Schedule, at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/ LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN Translations: DE, FR Manuscript completed in January 2021. DISCLAIMER AND COPYRIGHT This document is prepared for, and addressed to, the Members and staff of the European Parliament as background material to assist them in their parliamentary work. -
Economic and Welfare Impacts of EU-Africa Epas
ATPC African Trade Policy Centre Work in Progress No. 10 Economic Commission for Africa Economic and Welfare Impacts of the EU-Africa Economic Partnership Agreements By Stephen Karingi, Rémi Lang, Nassim Oulmane, Romain Perez, Mustapha Sadni Jallab and Hakim Ben Hammouda ATPC ATPC is a project of the Economic Commission for Africa March 2005 with financial support of the Canada Fund for Africa Abstract Th is study examines the economic and social impacts of the trade liberalization aspects of the proposed Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) between the European Union (EU) and African countries. It provides a quantitative assessment of the likely implications of EPAs establishing Free Trade Areas (FTAs) between the EU and the various African Regional Economic Communities (RECs). Th e focus of the empirical analysis is on the trade liberalization component of the EPAs. In particular, the following questions are addressed. First, how will an EPA that includes reciprocal market access agreements between the EU and Africa impact on African countries’ GDPs, levels of employment and other macroeconomic aggregates? Second, what sectors in Africa are most likely to lose and what sectors gain with EPAs? Th ird, what are the welfare implications for African countries from the EPAs? Fourth, how will the formation of EPAs aff ect trade expansion through trade creation and trade diversion eff ects? Fifth, what are the potential fi scal implications of the EPAs? Th e main conclusions drawn from the results and the discussions are that full reciprocity will be very costly for Africa irrespective of how the issue is looked at. A focus on deepening integration with a view to enhancing intra-African trade would provide positive results. -
Uk-Africa Trade After Brexit: Challenges and Opportunities a Briefing for the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Africa
UK-AFRICA TRADE AFTER BREXIT: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES A BRIEFING FOR THE ALL-PARTY PARLIAMENTARY GROUP FOR AFRICA NOVEMBER 2020 This is not an official publication of the House of Commons or the House of Lords. It has not been approved by either House or its committees. All-Party Parliamentary Groups are informal groups of Members of both Houses with a common interest in particular issues. The views expressed in this report are those of the group and its partners. FOREWORD As we come to the end of the UK’s transition some of these themes in consideration of both period with the EU, which expires on 31 December the immediate, and longer-term future, for trade 2020, there is an urgency to ensure that the UK’s between the UK and Africa. independent trade policy is not undermining Africa’s vision for development, achievement of The global landscape has of course changed the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or UK quite dramatically since this event was held in aid spending. However, at present, against the Westminster in January of this year. The global advice of the African Union and in contradiction health pandemic resulting from the spread of the Memorandum of Understanding signed of Covid-19 has reminded everyone of how between the AU and the UK in February 2019, interconnected our world has become, and how the UK government is using the Brexit deadline vulnerable its economies are to such a disruption. to push through bilateral deals with some select While the extent of the economic fallout is still not African countries without proper parliamentary clear, the pandemic has brought into sharp focus scrutiny or civil society oversight. -
Point to Point Encryption and Terminal Requirements in Europe
Point to Point Encryption and Terminal Requirements in Europe - Status Report - A Study for the European Association of Payment Service Providers for Merchants EPSM prepared by SRC Security Research & Consulting GmbH Graurheindorfer Str. 149 A 53117 Bonn, Germany Bonn, 16 May 2011 Terminal Requirements in Europe - Status Report Contents Management Summary ...................................................................................................................1 1 Background and Objectives......................................................................................................3 2 Basic Items of Interest ..............................................................................................................5 2.1 Scenarios of Merchant Solutions .....................................................................................5 2.2 The Challenge: Defining the PCI DSS Scope ................................................................13 2.3 The Challenge for Merchants ........................................................................................15 3 Requirements for POI.............................................................................................................16 3.1 Requirements of the Global Card Schemes...................................................................16 3.1.1 PCI DSS ............................................................................................................16 3.1.1.1 Overview ..............................................................................................16 -
Defence and Security After Brexit Understanding the Possible Implications of the UK’S Decision to Leave the EU Compendium Report
Defence and security after Brexit Understanding the possible implications of the UK’s decision to leave the EU Compendium report James Black, Alex Hall, Kate Cox, Marta Kepe, Erik Silfversten For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1786 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif., and Cambridge, UK © Copyright 2017 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: HMS Vanguard (MoD/Crown copyright 2014); Royal Air Force Eurofighter Typhoon FGR4, A Chinook Helicopter of 18 Squadron, HMS Defender (MoD/Crown copyright 2016); Cyber Security at MoD (Crown copyright); Brexit (donfiore/fotolia); Heavily armed Police in London (davidf/iStock) RAND Europe is a not-for-profit organisation whose mission is to help improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org www.rand.org/randeurope Defence and security after Brexit Preface This RAND study examines the potential defence and security implications of the United Kingdom’s (UK) decision to leave the European Union (‘Brexit’). -
Continuing the United Kingdom's Trade Relationship With
Continuing the United Kingdom’s Trade Relationship with the Southern African Customs Union Member States and Mozambique Continuing the United Kingdom’s Trade Relationship with the Southern African Customs Union Member States and Mozambique Economic Partnership Agreement between the Southern African Customs Union Member States and Mozambique, of the one part and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the other part November 2019 Continuing the United Kingdom’s Trade Relationship with the Southern African Customs Union Member States and Mozambique Economic Partnership Agreement between the Southern African Customs Union Member States and Mozambique, of the one part and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the other part Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for International Trade by Command of Her Majesty November 2019 © Crown copyright 2019 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at www.gov.uk/official-documents Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at [email protected] ISBN 978-1-5286-1671-3 CCS1019362048 11/19 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Printed in the UK by the APS Group on behalf of the Controller -
BRITAIN and the NEW EUROPEAN AGENDA Lionel Barber
GROUPEMENT D'ETUDES ET DE RECHERCHES NOTRE EUROPE President : Jacques Delors CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN REFORM Director : Charles Grant BRITAIN AND THE NEW EUROPEAN AGENDA Lionel Barber Research and Policy Paper n°4 April 1998 (Originally published by the Centre For Reform, January 1998 Text updated by Lionel Barber and published by Notre Europe, April 1998) 44, Rue Notre-Dame des Victoires F-75002 Paris Tel : 01 53 00 94 40 e-mail : [email protected] http://www.notre-europe.asso.fr/ Study avalaible in French, English, German and Italian © Notre Europe, April 1998. 2 Lionel Barber Lionel Barber has been Brussels correspondent of the Financial Times since 1992. He has also worked as the FT's Washington correspondent. He has lectured widely in the US and Europe on the EU, transatlantic relations and US foreign policy. Author's acknowledgement I would like to thank Yves Mény, head of the Robert Schuman Centre at the European University Institute in Fiesole, who was kind enough to offer me a visiting fellowship in April-May 1996. Some of the ideas in this paper have their origin in many pleasant and stimulating exchanges at the Schuman centre. Notre Europe “Notre Europe” is an independent research and policy unit whose objective is the study of Europe – its history and civilisations, path to integration and future prospects. The association has started work in January 1997. It has a small, multi-national team of six in-house researchers (French, German, Belgian, Italian, Portuguese and British), chaired by Jacques Delors. “Notre Europe” participates in public debate in two ways. -
The Argumentative Dimension to the EU-Africa Epas Stephen R. Hurt
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by E-space: Manchester Metropolitan University's Research Repository The Argumentative Dimension to the EU-Africa EPAs Stephen R. Hurt, Donna Lee, and Ulrike Lorenz-Carl Abstract Not only is the participation of developing countries in international trade negotiations growing, so is their influence over the global trade agenda. This article highlights the increasing activism and impact of African states through a detailed study of the current Economic Partnership Agreement (EPAs) negotiations with the European Union (EU). In examining African resistance to EPAs, the article develops a constructivist approach to North-South trade negotiations that pays close attention to the role of development discourses. We argue that the growing willingness of African states to challenge the EU to deliver on its development promises during the decade-long EPA process was crucial to informing their sustained opposition to the EU‟s goal of completing a comprehensive set of sub-regional economic agreements. We document African resistance to EU trade diplomacy in the EPAs, exploring how these otherwise weak countries were able to pursue normative based negotiation strategies by recourse to the EU‟s promise of a „development partnership‟. Introduction During the last decade, African states have begun to develop a more active and confident approach to multilateral and regional economic negotiations in which they are involved. This is particularly clear in their attitude towards, and their preventative negotiating behaviour in, the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPAs) talks with the European Union (EU).1 While African negotiators still lack the highly resourced deliberative capacities of their European counterparts, they have successfully navigated the negotiations and enhanced their influence in EU-African regional economic governance processes. -
New Perspectives Foreword
The future of the EU: new perspectives Foreword Brexit has dominated the media and political landscape of the United Kingdom since the referendum of 2016. One interesting side effect of this has been the way the ropeanEu Union – still the UK’s nearest and largest trading partner – has been discussed solely in terms of its role in the Brexit negotiations. Yet whatever the outcome of these discussions, what the European Union is and does will continue to affect not only its own citizens but also the UK itself. This strikes me as an excellent moment to attempt to focus more directly on the EU itself and understand what is going on within it and how it might develop in the future. We find ourselves early in the EU’s new institutional cycle, with a new cast of EU leaders and a new set of policy priorities. Despite the much-vaunted unity that the 27 have displayed during the Brexit process, conflicts and tensions between member states, as well as between some of them and the EU institutions, persist. There remain fundamental disagreements between member states and institutions on issues like migration and the euro zone, not to mention more existential questions about future integration and the rule of law. Underlying everything are difficult to resolve differences on the balance of burden ring.sha I’m delighted we’ve been able to bring together some of the best young writers and thinkers on the EU to offer their take on the future of the EU’s institutions, its member tessta and its policies. -
Project Results Epas (Itea 05008)
PROJECT RESULTS EPAS (ITEA 05008) •••••••••••••••• Card-based protocols Ensuring interoperability of electronics payments Partners Atos Worldline (Belgium and across Europe and globally Germany) BP ••••••••••••••••••••••••• CETREL Equens Galitt payments industry in Europe. A Groupement des Cartes crucial element is the harmonisation Bancaires (CB) of the billions of electronic retail Hypercom payments made with debit and Integri Ingenico credit cards. Lyra Network PAN Nordic Card Association Such harmonisation requires PayLife issuers, acquirers, card schemes Retail Services Company (RSC) and operators to adapt to the SEPA Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) card framework. Key features are SERMEPA cardholders can pay with one card SIBS all over the euro area, and retailers Wincor Nixdorf International Simplifying card payments Europe wide will be able to accept all SEPA (photo: Joël Gavy) cards in a single terminal. As a Associate partners result, payment-card processors American Express Services EPAS set out to overcome will be able to compete and to Europe obstacles to the interoperability offer services throughout the euro Gemalto of electronic payments schemes area. This will make the market for Logic Group in the single European market. processing card payments more Mellon Technologies It developed and demonstrated reliable and cost efficient. Monext three major card-based protocols Point International built on open and interoperable To avoid unnecessary legislation, POS Partner standards to support the banks, retailers, vendors, services Quercia (Unicredit Group) Scheidt & Bachmann successful creation of the providers, card schemes and Servebase users teamed up in the Electronic Single Euro Payments Area VeriFone (SEPA). The same approach Protocol Application Software Visa Europe is now being made available (EPAS) initiative to deliver the worldwide through an ISO 20022 necessary standards to meet the standardisation process. -
The New European Parliament: a Look Ahead
THE NEW EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT: A LOOK AHEAD JUNE 2019 THE NEW EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT: A LOOK AHEAD More than 200 million EU citizens cast their votes between 23 and 26 May 2019 to choose the next cohort of MEPs. The new European Parliament is characterised by increased fragmentation and therefore a greater role for smaller parties. This briefing provides an overview of the The pro-European wave evidenced by the election results, explains what to expect rise of ALDE&R and the Greens coincided in the years to come and considers how with a sharp and unprecedented increase the new alignment of political groups will in voter engagement. Since the late 1970s, affect the EU’s balance of power. The turnout for the European elections had briefing also includes national steadily gone down, reaching a historic perspectives from Bulgaria, France, low of 43% in 2014. At 51%, this year’s Germany and the UK. In addition, we look turnout might be a significant outlier – or it at some of the key incoming and could show that, in an age of Brexit, outgoing MEPs and present a timeline of nationalism and climate change, the EU upcoming institutional changes. may yet have something unique to offer. The election results What to expect from the The 2019 elections marked the beginning 2019-2024 European of a new era: for the first time in the Parliament Parliament’s 40-year history, the two major A more collaborative Parliament parties have lost their majority. The centre- With the two biggest groups – the EPP right European People’s Party (EPP), and S&D – having shed seats and lost though still the largest group, saw the their combined absolute majority, the greatest reduction in seats, with the duopoly of power has been broken with centre-left Socialists and Democrats (S&D) smaller groups hoping this will be to their losing a similar number of MEPs.