STUDY PERIOD-DECEMBER, 2013 TO FEBRUARY – 2014 NON-FOREST LAND
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR
RIVER BED MINING PROJECT OF MINOR MINERAL ORDINARY SAND (BAJRI) AT Luni River in Tehsil – Parbatsar, District – Nagaur, State – Rajasthan NAME OF RIVER – LUNI RIVER & THEIR CONNECTED FLOW NALLAHS
Purpose – Fresh Grant, Proposed Production – 25,00,000 TPA APPLIED LEASE AREA – 415.07 Hect. PROJECT COST – 1 CRORE. CATEGORY- ΄A΄
APPLICANT January,2015 EIA CONSULTANT SHER SINGH M/S UDAIPUR MIN-TECH PVT. LTD. 13, SHIV NAGAR 206-APEKSHA COMPLEX, SECTOR NO.-11, AJMER ROAD HIRAN MAGARI, UDAIPUR-313002 (RAJ.). DIST. – JAIPUR (RAJ.) PH- 91-294-2489672 (OFF.) Mob. +919414193514 (M) Mob. 9414167672 E mail:- [email protected] E mail :- [email protected],
ACCREDITED BY NABET (S.NO. 158) CATEGORY “A” FOR SECTOR 1 & ‘B’ CATEGORY FOR SECTOR 22 & 38
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PARTICULAR PAGE NO. NO. 0 ACCREDITATION CERTIFICATE OF NABET 3-4 0 COMPLIANCE TO TERM OF REFERENCE 11-22 (TOR) I INTRODUCTION 24-33 II PROJECT DESCRIPTION 34-36 III DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 47-112 IV ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 122-140 & MITIGATION MEASURES V ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 142-143 VI ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 144-147 PROGRAMME VII ADDITIONAL STUDIES 149-154 VIII PROJECT BENEFITS 155-158 IX ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 159-167 X SUMMARY & CONCLUSION 169-173 XI DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED 174-177 QUESTIONNAIRE ANNEXURES
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Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd.
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Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. Minutes of 86th Accreditation Committee Meeting for Surveillance Assessment held on August 13, 2014
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Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. INDEX S.NO. PARTICULAR PAGE NO. CHAPTER - I INTRODUCTION 24-33 1.1 PURPOSE OF REPORT 24 1.2 PROJECT PROPONENT 25 1.3 BRIEF PROJECT DESCRIPTION 25 1.4 LEASE STATUS 26 1.5 LOCATION AND COMMUNICATION 27 1.6 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL 28 MANAGEMENT PLAN 1.7 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA 29 1.8 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 29 1.9 TERMS OF REFERENCE 33 CHAPTER – II PROJECT DESCRIPTION 34-46 2.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE NATURE OF THE 34 PROJECT 2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT AND ITS IMPORTANCE 34 TO THE COUNTRY 2.3 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT 34 2.4 DEMAND SUPPLY GAP 35 2.5 PHYSIOGRAPHY 35 2.6 DRAINAGE 35 2.7 LENGTH & WIDTH OF THE AREA 36 2.8 GENERAL GEOLOGY & LOCAL GEOLOGY 36 2.9 MINEABLE AREA AND RESERVE 39 2.10 METHOD OF MINING 40 2.11 REPLENISHMENT IN MINING AREA 41 2.12 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION 42 2.13 WASTE GENERATION 42 2.14 TRANSPORTATION 42 2.15 ANTICIPATED LIFE OF MINE 44 2.16 THE QUANTUM OF DEVELOPMENT AND 44 TONNAGE IN PRODUCTION 2.17 USE OF MINERALS 45 2.18 UTILITIES 45 2.19 PROPOSED SITE FACILITIES 46 CHAPTER - III DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 47-112 3.1 GENERAL 47 3.2 STUDY AREA AT A GLANCE 48 3.2 TOPOGRAPHY 50 3.3 CLIMATIC CONDITION 52 3.4 PHYSIOGRAPHY 52 3.5 REPLENISHMENT OF THE AREA 54 3.6 HUMAN SETTLEMENT 54 3.7 HYDROLOGICAL ASPECT 54
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Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. 3.8 ATMOSPHERIC CONDITION 57 3.9 METEOROLOGY 57 3.10 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY 61 3.11 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 67 3.12 SOIL ENVIRONMENT 71 3.13 WATER ENVIRONMENT 76 3.14 TRAFFIC STUDY 86 3.14 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 86 3.15 LAND ENVIRONMENT 107 3.16 SOCIO – ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 112 CHAPTER - IV ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION 122-140 MEASURES 4.1 INTRODUCTION 122 4.2 TOPOGRAPHY & DRAINAGE 123 4.4 IMPACT ON CLIMATE 124 4.5 IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT 124 4.6 IMPACT ON NOISE LEVEL 134 4.7 IMPACT ON HYDROLOGICAL CONDITION 135 4.8 IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY 135 4.9 IMPACT ON FLORA 135 4.10 IMPACT ON FAUNA 136 4.11 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT 136 4.12 IMPACT ON SOIL 138 4.13 IMPACT ON SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 138 4.14 DETAILS OF INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES FOR 140 WORKERS 4.15 STRUCTURED ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT 140 ACTION PLAN CHAPTER – V ANALYSIS of ALTERNATIVES 142-143 5.1 INTRODUCTION 142 5.2 FACTORS BEHIND THE SELECTION OF PROJECT 142 SITE 5.3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITE 143 5.4 FACTORS BEHIND THE SELECTION OF PROPOSED 143 TECHNOLOGY 5.5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY 143 CHAPTER – VI ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 144-147 6.1 INTRODUCTION 144 6.2 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL 144 6.3 RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL 146 MANAGEMENT TEAM 6.4 MONITORING SCHEDULE AND PARAMETERS 147 6.5 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL 147 MANAGEMENT CHAPTER –VII ADDITIONAL STUDIES 149-154 Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 6
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. 7.1 INTRODUCTION 149 7.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION 149 7.3 RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MGT. PLAN 151 7.4 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT , R&R ACTION 154 PLAN CHAPTER – VIII PROJECT BENEFITS 155-158 8.1 INTRODUCTION 155 8.2 IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SOCIAL 155 INFRASTRUCTURE 8.3 IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PHYSICAL 186 INFRASTRUCTURE 8.4 HEALTH & SAFETY 186 8.5 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL 186 8.6 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS 158 CHAPTER - IX ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN 159-167 9.1 INTRODUCTION 159 9.2 RIVER COURSE ENVIRONMENT 159 9.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT 160 9.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 161 9.5 WATER MANAGEMENT 162 9.6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 163 9.7 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 163 9.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 165 9.9 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH 166 9.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL 167 CHAPTER – X SUMMARY & CONCLUSION 169-173 10.1 INTRODUCTION 169 10.2 AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS FOR 169 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES 10.3 DETAILS OF THE PROJECT 170 10.4 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 171 10.5 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL 171 MANAGEMENT 10.6 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT 172 10.7 RECOMMENDATION 173 CHAPTER - XI DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ENGAGED 174-177
LIST OF TABLES TABLE PARTICULAR PAGE NO. NO. 1.1 PROJECT DETAILS 26 1.2 DATA GENERATION 30 2.1 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT 35 2.2 LENGTH & WIDTH OF THE AREA 36 Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 7
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. 2.3 PEAK WATER REQUIREMENT 45 3.1 STUDY AREA AT A GLANCE 48 3.2 MEAN TEMPERATURE & RELATIVE HUMIDITY 58 RECORDS FROM IMD STATIONS 3.3 MEAN TEMPERATURE & RELATIVE HUMIDITY 58 RECORDS FROM SITE 3.4 LOCATION OF AMBIENT AIR MONITORING 61 STATIONS 3.5 PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING VARIOUS 63 AIR QUALITY PARAMETERS 3.6 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY (LEVEL- PM10, SO2, 64 NOX) 3.8 LOCATION OF NOISE MONITORING STATION 68 3.9 NOISE LEVEL WITHIN THE STUDY AREA 70 3.10 STANDARDS OF AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL 71 3.11 SOIL SAMPLING LOCATION IN THE STUDY 72 AREA 3.12 SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS 74 3.13 GROUND & SURFACE WATER SAMPLING 77 LOCATION 3.14 ANALYSIS RESULTS OF GROUND WATER 80 3.15 ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SURFACE WATER 84 3.18 FLORAL SPECIES OBSERVED IN THE STUDY 93 AREA 3.19 MEDICINAL PLANTS IN STUDY AREA 96 3.20 FAUNAL SPECIES OBSERVED IN THE STUDY 99 AREA
3.21 AVIFAUNAL SPECIES OBSERVED IN THE 98 STUDY AREA
3.22 PLANT SPECIES FOR GREEN BELT 101 DEVELOPMENT 3.23 LAND USE PATTERN BASED ON SATELLITE 109 IMAGES 3.24 LAND USE PATTERN OF PRE-OPERATIONAL, 111 OPERATIONAL PHASE OF CORE ZONE 3.25 DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY 113 AREA 3.26 LITERACY DETAILS 113 3.27 DEMOGRAPHIC SUMMARY OF THE STUDY 114 AREA 3.28 EMPLOYMENT PATTERN 116 3.29 MAIN WORKER EMPLOYMENT PATTERN 117 4.1 PREDICTED AMBIENT AIR QUALITY 131 CONCENTRATION IN OPERATIONAL PHASE 4.2 LAND USE PATTERN OF PRE OPERATIONAL, 138 OPERATIONAL PHASE OF CORE ZONE 4.3 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT MATRIX 140
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Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. 6.1 MONITORING SCHEDULE AND PARAMETERS 147 6.2 COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 148 MEASURES 8.1 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL 157 9.1 STAGE WISE PLANTATION PROGRRAME 164 10.1 PROJECT DETAILS 170 10.2 MONITORING SCHEDULE FOR 171 ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS 10.3 COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 172 MEASURES
LIST OF FIGURES PAGE FIG.NO. PARTICULAR NO. PROPOSED MINING BLOCKS FOR 2.1 43 EXCAVATION IN THE OPERATIONAL PHASE 2.2 WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM 46 3.1 TOPOGRAPHY OF THE STUDY AREA 51 3.2 DRAINAGE PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA 53 3.3 WIND ROSE DIAGRAM 60 SAMPLING LOCATION OF AMBIENT AIR 3.4 62 QUALITY MONITORING 3.5 NOISE MONITORING IN THE STUDY AREA 69 3.6 SOIL SAMPLING IN THE STUDY AREA 73 SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF SITE 3.7 ELEVATION, ULTIMATE WORKING DEPTH & 77 GROUND WATER GROUND & SURFACE WATER SAMPLING 3.8 79 LOCATION MAP IN THE STUDY AREA 3.9 LAND USE PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA 110 3.10 POPULATION DETAILS IN THE STUDY AREA 114 LITERATE AND ILLITERATE POPULATION IN THE 3.11 STUDY AREA 115
3.12 SEX RATIO OF THE STUDY AREA 116 3.13 EMPLOYMENT PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA 118 MAIN WORKER EMPLOYMENT PATTERN OF 3.14 118 THE STUDY AREA GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATION OF 4.1 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN OPERATIONAL 132 PHASE FOR PM10 6.1 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL 145
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LIST OF ANNEXURES ANNEXURE NO. PARTICULAR I COPY OF TOR LETTER II COPY OF LETTER OF INTENT COPY OF LETTER FROM SUPT. MINING III ENGINEER COPY OF AUTHENTICATED APPLIED LEASE IV AREA MAP COPY OF KHASRA NO. AREA, VILLAGE, IN V TEHSIL VI COPY OF APPROVAL LETTER OF MINING PLAN VII COPY OF AIR MONITORING RESULTS VIII COPY OF RESULTS OF FREE SILICA IN PM10 IX COPY OF NOISE MONITORING RESULTS X COPY OF ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SOIL SAMPLE COPY OF ANALYSIS RESULTS OF GROUND XI WATER SAMPLE COPY OF ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SURFACE XII WATER SAMPLE COPY OF AUTHENTICATED LIST OF FLORA & XIII FAUNA & CONSERVATION PLAN FOR PEACOCK XIV COPY OF PUBLIC HEARING MINUTES COPY OF DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT XV ENGAGED
LIST OF PLATES PLATE NO. PARTICULAR 1 LOCATION PLAN 2 KEY PLAN 3 SURFACE PLAN 4A &4B GEOLOGICAL PLAN 4C GEOLOGICAL SECTION 5A & 5B SURFACE LAYOUT PLAN 5C YERAWISE SECTION IST YEAR TO VTH YEAR
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POINT TO BE CLARIFIED TO THE EXPERT APPRAISAL COMMITTEE, (EAC), MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FORESTS (MOEF), NEW DELHI AS PER THE APPROVED TOR FOR RIVER BED MINING OF BAJRI OF SHRI SHER SINGH S/O MANGAL SINGH, RIVER –LUNI & THEIR CONNECTED FLOW NALLAHS, IN TEHSIL: PARBATSAR, DISTRICT: NAGAUR, RAJASTHAN APPLIED LEASE AREA – 415.07 HECT.
S. No Description as per MOEF Covered in EIA as per details . 1 Year-wise production details This is fresh river bed mining project and no production has since 1994 should be given, commenced. clearly stating the highest production achieved in any one year prior to 1994. It may also be categorically informed whether there had been any increase in production after the EIA Notification, 1994 came into force w.r.t the highest production achieved prior to 1994.
2 A copy of the document in A copy of Letter of Intent (LOI) issued by Joint Secretary support of the fact that the Govt. of Raj. In favour of applicant attached as Annexure No. proponent is the rightful II enclosed. A copy of Supt. Mining Engineer, Department of lessee of the mine should be Mining & Geology, as Annexure No. III enclosed. Letter of given. approval of mining plan is enclosed as Annexure No. V enclosed. 3 All documents including All documents including approved mine plan, EIA and public approved mine plan, EIA hearing are compatible with one another in terms of the mine report and Public hearing lease area, production levels, waste generation and its should be compatible with one management and mining technology. another in terms of the mine Approved Copy of mining plan, EIA-EMP report duly signed lease area, production levels, by project proponent and EIA Coordinator and minutes of waste generation and its public hearing proceeding from the State pollution Control management and mining Board has been submitted. Technology and should be in the name of lessee. 4 All corner coordinates of the All corner coordinates of the applied lease area, superimposed mine lease area, on toposheet is attached as Fig. No. 3.1 on pg. no. 52 & Key superimposed on a high plan of the study area (Plate No. II). resolution imagery/toposheet Land use pattern based on the Satellite Image of the study should be provided. Such as area is attached fig. 3.7 on pg. no. 112. imagery of the proposed area should clearly show the land use and other ecological features of the study area (core and buffer zone).
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Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. 5 Does the company have a well Yes, Company has a well laid down Environment Policy i.e. laid down Environment policy Promote environmental awareness among the approved by its Board of employees and encourage them to work in an directors? If so, it may be spelt environmentally responsible manner. out in the EIA report with description of the prescribed Trained, educate and inform our employees about operating process/procedures environmental issues that may affect their work. to bring into focus any Where required by legislation or where significant infringement/deviation/violati on of the environmental of health, safety or environmental hazards exist, develop forest norms/conditions? The and maintain appropriate emergency and spill response hierarchical system or programmes. administrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for Environmental policy has been described in EIA report on pg. ensuring compliance with the no. 149 of Chapter VI & also attached as Annexure No. XIV. EC conditions may also be given. The system of reporting of non-compliances/ violations of environmental norms to the board of Directors of the company and/or shareholders or stakeholders at large may also be indicated in the EIA report. 6 Issues relating to mine safety, All safety measures will be adopted at the time of operational including subsidence study in pahse as it is river bed mining so no drilling, blasting, slope case of underground mining formation involved.
and slope study in case of
open cast mining, blasting study etc. should be detailed. The proposed safeguard measures in each case should also be provided. 7 The study area will comprise The study area comprises of 10 km zone around the applied of 10 km zone around the mine lease boundary & it is given in Chapter III of EIA-EMP mine lease from lease Report (pg. no. 52) & also shown in the Key plan (plate no. 2). periphery and the data contained in the EIA such as No waste will be generated. waste generation etc. should be for the life of the mine / lease period. 8 Land use of the study area Land use plan of the study area area:- delineating forest area, S.No. Description Area in Ha % share in total agricultural land, grazing area land, wildlife sanctuary and 1 national park, migratory Open land 221.95 0.325 2 routes of fauna, water bodies, Scrub Land 2782.28 4.093 human settlements & other 3 Vegetation 197.57 0.29 ecological features should be 4 Forest 17.68 0.02 indicated. 5 Settlement 613.94 0.903 6 Water bodies 244.85 0.37 Land use plan of the mine Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 12
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. lease area should be prepared 7 River 844.38 1.24 to encompass preoperational, 8 Agriculture 63062.75 92.75 operational and post Total 67985.4 100 operational phases and Land use pattern of core zone – submitted. Impact, if any, of Sl. Type of Land Pre- Operational change of land use should be given No. Use operational Phase phase (in Ha) 1 Quarry Area 3.65 0.00 2 Infrastructure 1.68 1.68 (road/ material handing / stockyard) 3 River bed 0.0 260.00 (Mined and Natural reclamation by born water born sediments) 6 Habitation 0.00 0.00 7 Soil dump 0.00 0.00 8 OB dump 0.00 0.00 Water Body 0.00 0.00 9 Undisturbed 409.74 153.39 land Total 415.07 415.07
9 Details of the land for any No O/B, waste will be generated, so no dump site is selected or overburden dumps outside the proposed. mine lease, such as extent of No R&R plan is required. land area, distance from mine lease, its land use, R&R issues, if any, should be given. 10 A Certificate from the No forest land involved in the applied mine lease area. A Competent Authority in the certificate from the competent authority at Nagaur is attached State Forest Department in Annexure No. XIII of EIA-EMP Report. should be provided, confirming the involvement of forest land, if any, in the project area. In the event of any contrary claim by the Project Proponent regarding the status of forests, the site may be inspected by the State Forest Department along with the Regional Office of the Ministry to ascertain the status of forests, based on which, the Certificate in this regard as mentioned above be
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Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. issued. In all such cases, it would be desirable for representative of the State Forest Department to assist the Expert Appraisal Committees. 11 Status of forestry clearance Not Applicable. for the broken up area and virgin forestland involved in the Project including deposition of net present value (NPV) and compensatory afforestation (CA) should be indicated. A copy of the forestry clearance should also be furnished. 12 Implementation status of Not Applicable. recognition of forest rights under the Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 should be indicated. 13 The vegetation in the RF / PF The study of vegetation in the RF /PF areas in the study is areas in the study area, with given in the, in Chapter III, on page no. 89 of EIA-EMP necessary details, Should be Report. given. 14 A study shall be get done to No impact on wildlife of the area, because the proposed project ascertain the impact of the activity will be confined to core zone only in different blocks, mining project on Wildlife of which remains dry except the monsoon season.
the study area and details
furnished. Impact of the project on the wildlife in the surrounding and any other protected area and accordingly detailed mitigative measures required, should be worked out with cost implications and submitted. 15 Location of National parks, No National parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere corridors, Tiger/Elephant reserves (existing as well as Reserves, Wildlife corridors, proposed), if any, within 10 km of the mine lease.
Tiger/Elephant reserves A certificate from forest department is enclosed as Annexure (existing as well as proposed), No. XIII of EIA-EMP Report. if any, within 10 km of the mine lease should be clearly indicated, supported by a location map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden. Necessary clearance, as may be applicable to such projects due
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Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. to proximity of the ecologically sensitive areas as mentioned above, should be obtained from the State Wildlife department/Chief Wildlife Warden under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and copy furnished. 16 A detailed biological study for A study of flora and fauna of the core & buffer zone (10 km the study area [core zone & radius of the periphery of the mine lease) has been carried buffer zone (10 km radius of out. Details are given in Chapter III on pg. no. 89.
the periphery of the mine lease)] shall be carried out. Details of flora & fauna, duly authenticated, separately for core and buffer zone should be furnished based on such primary field survey, clearly indicating the schedule of the fauna present. In case of any scheduled-I fauna found in the study area, the necessary plan for their conversion should be prepared in consultation with State Forest and Wildlife Deptt. and details furnished. Necessary allocation of funds for implementing the same should be made as part of the project cost. 17 Proximity to Areas declared Not Applicable. as ‘Critically Polluted’ or the Project areas likely to come under the ‘Aravali Range’, (attracting court restrictions for mining operations), should also be indicated and where so required, clearance certifications from the prescribed Authorities, such as the SPCB or State Mining Dept. Should be secured and furnished to the effect that the proposed mining activities could be considered. 18 Similarly, for coastal Projects, Not Applicable. A CRZ map duly authenticated by one of the authorized agencies demarcating LTL. HTL, CRZ area, location of the mine lease w.r.t CRZ, coastal
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Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. features such as mangroves, if any, should be furnished. (Note: The Mining Projects falling under CRZ would also need to obtain approval of the concerned Coastal Zone Management Authority). 19 R&R Plan/compensation No R&R plan is required. About 128 people will be employed details for the Project Affected in mining project. Summary of census records are- People (PAP) should be Demographic Parameters Details furnished. While preparing No of States 1 the R&R Plan, the relevant No. of District State/National Rehabilitation 1 & Resettlement Policy should No of Talukas 2 be kept in view. In respect of Total No. of Households 3409 SCs /STs and other weaker Total Population 18689 sections of the society in the Sex ratio (No. of female\ 1000 949 study area, a need based males) sample survey, family-wise, Scheduled castes (%) 3951(21%) should be undertaken to Scheduled Tribes (%) 5(0.02%) assess their requirements, Literate (%) 9060 (48%) and action programmes Main Worker 6633(36%) prepared and submitted Marginal Worker 1521(8%) accordingly, integrating the Non Worker 10535 (56%)
sectoral programmes of line The details of socio-economic study are described in Chapter departments of the State III, para. 3.16.2.1, on page no. 114 of EIA-EMP Report. Government. It may be clearly brought out whether the village located in the mine lease area will be shifted or not. The issues relating to shifting of Village including their R&R and socio economic aspects should be discussed in the report. 20 One season (non-monsoon) One season (non-monsoon) primary baseline data on ambient primary baseline data on air quality (PM10, SO2 and NOx), water quality, noise level, soil and flora and fauna has been collected and the AAQ and ambient air quality (PM10, other data are compiled in the EIA and EMP report. SO2 and NOx), water quality,
noise level, soil and flora and The details of ambient air quality are given in Chapter III, fauna shall be collected and para. 3.10, on page no. 62 of EIA-EMP Report. the AAQ and other data so complied presented date-wise Site specific meteorological data has been collected. The in the EIA and EMP report. details are given in Chapter III, para. 3.9, on page no. 59-61 of Site specific meteorological EIA-EMP Report.
data should also be collected.
The location of the monitoring stations should be such as to represent whole of the study area and justified keeping in view the re-dominant downwind direction and location of sensitive receptors. Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 16
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. There should be at least one monitoring station within 500 m of the mine lease in the pre- dominant downwind direction. The mineralogical composition of PM10 particularly for free silica should be given. 21 Air quality modeling should Air quality modeling has been prepared for prediction of be carried out for prediction of impact of the project. impact of the project on the S. Particular Concentration air quality of the area. It should also take in to account No. the impact of movement of vehicles for transportation of 1. Monitored Maximum 64.01 mineral. The details of the concentrations in µg/m3 model used and the input parameters used for modeling 2. Predicted incremental 0.2 should be provided. The Air quality contours may be Maximum concentrations in shown on the location map µg/m3 clearly indicating the location of site, location of sensitive 3. Resultant Maximum 76.4 receptors, if any, and habitation. The wind roses concentrations in µg/m3 showing pre-dominant wind direction may also be 4. NAAQS (dated 2009) 100 indicated on the map.
The detail of the air quality modeling is given in Chapter IV, para. 4.5.1, on page no. 126.135 of EIA-EMP Report. 22 The water requirement for the Total water requirement is 15.0 KLD. The availability of project, its availability and water from Dug well & river water from applied lease area. source should be furnished. A Purpose Requirement (KLD) detailed water balance should also be provided. Fresh water Drinking 2.0 requirement for the project Dust Suppression 12.0 should be indicated. Plantation 2.0 Total 15.0
23 Necessary clearance from the No clearance is required from competent authority for Competent Authority for requisite quantity of water. About 16 KLD water is required drawl of requisite quantity for dust suppression, drinking and green belt development, of water for the project which will be made available from dug well/ river bed area should be provided. situated in nearby village through water tankers. 24 Description of water No water conservation measure is required in this project and conservation measures no proposal for rainwater harvesting. proposed to be adopted in the Project should be given. Details of rainwater harvesting proposed in the Project, if any, should be provided. 25 Impact of the project on the No impact on surface as well as ground water because no water quality, both surface waste water will be discharged due to mining and mining will and groundwater should be be restricted above ground water. The ultimate depth of assesses and necessary mining will be 3m from the surface level. safeguard measures, if any required, should be provided. Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 17
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. 26 Based on actual monitored The ultimate depth of mining will be 3 m from the surface data, it may clearly be shown level and ground water table is 10-25 mtr bgl, so no question whether working will of intersecting the ground water table arises. intersect groundwater. No permission is required from CGWB. Necessary data and documentation in this regard may be provided. In case the case working will intersect groundwater table, a detailed Hydro geological study should be undertaken and report furnished. Necessary permission from Central Ground Water Authority for working below ground water and for pumping of ground water should also be obtained and copy furnished. 27 Details of any stream, Luni river & their connected nalla itself part of applied lease seasonal or otherwise, passing area. No proposal for modification/ diversion of any stream or through the lease area and otherwise, because working is proposed in the blocks which remains dry except the monsonn season & during the rainy modification / diversion season mine operation will be closed. proposed, if any, and the The drainage pattern of the study area is given in Chapter III, impact of the same on the para. 3.4.2, fig. 3.2 on page no. 53-54 of EIA-EMP Report. hydrology should be brought There will be no impact on the hydrology of the area because out. working will be done up to a depth of 3 meters from the surface level. 28 Information on site elevation, working depth, groundwater HIGHEST CONTOUR table etc. should be provided 416mRL both in AMSL and bgl. A LOWEST CONTOUR schematic diagram should 396 mRL also be provided for the same. ULTIMATE DEPTH 3.0meter
WATER TABLE 10.0 BGL (Post monsoon)
25.0 BGL (Pre monsoon) Proposed working will not intersect Ground water table.
29 A time bound Progressive Green belt upto 5th year and break up of plantation program Greenbelt Development Plan is below given. shall be prepared in a tabular Year Sapling Surviva Species Place of form (indicating the linear s to be l plantation and quantitative coverage, plant species and time frame) planted 80 % and submitted, keeping in mind, the same will have to be I 1560 1248 Neem, Along the executed up front on II 1560 1248 Peepal roads,in commencement of the project. III 1560 1248 Mango, schools and IV 1560 1248 Shisham, public V 1560 1248 Sirish, building Tota 7800 6,240 Babool, and other
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Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. l Gulmoha social r forestry programm e.
30 Impact on local transport The present traffic density and in the proposed project for the infrastructure due to the transportation of sand about 892 tractors trolley is required. project should be indicated. But as the working is proposed in different blocks in the area. Projected increase in truck So there will be not much increase in traffic on a particular traffic as result of the project in the present road network place. The area is capable of handling the incremental load. (including those outside the project area) should be worked out, indicating whether it is capable of handling the incremental load. Arrangement for improving the infrastructure, if contemplated (including action to be taken by other agencies such as State Government) should be covered. 31 Details of the onsite shelter Total manpower required for the project is approx. 128 and facilities to be provided to persons. All the basic infrastructure facilities required will be the mine workers should be provided to them like: rest shelter, washrooms separately for male & female workers, first aid facilities, other than this included in the EIA report. Personal protective equipment as ear muffs, gloves etc. will be provided to the workers & their Regular medical checkup will be carried out. 32 Conceptual post mining land Conceptual post mining land use pattern is not available, use and Reclamation and because it is river bed mining project. River bed will be Restoration of mined out excavated upto a depth of 3m thickness leaving statutory areas (with plans and with barrier. Material will be replenished every year during the adequate number of sections) Monsoon. So no change in form of dig will occur. Applied should be given in the EIA Lease area will change in form of plantation done during the report. year. 33 A time bound Progressive Green belt upto 5th year and break up of plantation program Greenbelt Development Plan is below given. shall be prepared in a tabular Year Sapling Surviva Species Place of form (indicating the linear and quantitative coverage, s to be l plantation plant species and time frame) and submitted, keeping in planted 80 % mind, the same will have to be executed up front on I 1560 1248 Neem, Along the commencement of the project. II 1560 1248 Peepal roads,in Phase wise plan of plantation and compensatory III 1560 1248 Mango, schools and afforestation should be charted clearly indicating the IV 1560 1248 Shisham, public area to be covered under plantation and the species to V 1560 1248 Sirish, building be planted. The details of plantation already done Tota 7800 6,240 Babool, and other should be given. l Gulmoha social
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 19
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. r forestry programm e.
34 Occupational health impact of Safety of employee during mining operation and the project should be maintenance of transportation vehicles will be taken care anticipated and the proposed as per MMR 1961 & MCDR 1988. To avoid any adverse preventive measures spelt out effect on the health of workers due to dust, noise in details. Details of pre- sufficient measures will be provided. placement medical examination and periodical Workers are provided with helmets, boots, gloves and earplugs medical examination to take care of injuries related to manual loading/unloading schedules should be materials. They are also provided with masks while handling incorporated in the EMP. of fine material. All periodic medical examination of the mine workers will be done regularly. 35 Public health implications of The budgetary provision for the project is given in below table. the Project and related Proposed Proposed activities for the population in Capital Rec. Cost / the impact zone should be Particulars systematically evaluated and cost in Rs annum in the proposed remedial Rs measures should be detailed Pollution control 5,00,000 1,00,000 along with budgetary Pollution 5,00,000 1,00,000 allocations. monitoring Green belt 2,00,000 50,000 Occupational 3,00,000 60,000 health Haul road and other roads 1,50,000 15000 repair and maintenance Miscellaneous 3,00,000 60,000 Total 19,50,000 3,85,000
36 Measures of socio economic No adverse impact is anticipated on any socio economic significance and influence to environment. There is no inhabitation within the applied lease the local community proposed area. Therefore neither villages nor any part of village or to be provided by project any hamlet will be disturbed during the working period. proponent should be indicated. As far as possible, The villages and their inhabitants in the buffer zone will quantitative dimension may not be disturbed from their settlements due to the be given with time frame for mining operations. implementation. The mining activity under consideration is of small nature, yet a preliminary survey is conducted to assess local need assessment; In this regard interactions were made and following measures are suggested:
The applicant will give employment priority to local people (about 128 people). Area will be developed as green belt. Educational facilities, maintenance of road, school, play grounds. Washrooms in nearby villages. The total fund allotted by the applicant for CSR activities about 10 lacs. 37 Detailed environmental To mitigate the environmental impacts i.e. water sprinkling management plan to mitigate will be adapted to control dust emissions, plantation on the environmental impact approach road & nearby vicinity of water bank, haul roads
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 20
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. which, should inte-alia kept levelled wide and compacted etc. safeguard measure will include the impacts of change be adopted. Detailed environmental management plan to of land use, loss of mitigate is incorporated in report. Details are given in agricultural and grazing land, Chapter IX on page no. 162 to 171 of EIA-EMP Report. if any, occupational health impacts besides other impacts pacific to the proposed project. 38 Public hearing points raised The public hearing was conducted on dated 27.08.2014 at Rajiv and commitment of the project Gandhi Seva Kendra, village- Janjila, Tehsil – Parbatsar, District proponent on the same along Nagaur, Rajasthan. The minutes of public hearing is given in with time bound action plan page no 151. to implement the same should be provided and also incorporated in the final EIA/EMP report of the project.
39 Details of litigation pending There is no litigation against the project. against the project, if any, with direction /order passed by any Court of Law against
the project should be given.
40 The cost of the project (capital Capital cost of project – 1.00 Crore cost and recurring cost) as Capital cost of EMP – 19.50 lacs well as the cost towards Recurring cost of EMP – 3.85 lacs implementation of EMP Proposed Proposed should clearly be spelt out. Particulars Capital cost Rec. Cost / in Rs annum in Rs Pollution control 5,00,000 1,00,000 Pollution monitoring 5,00,000 1,00,000 Green belt 2,00,000 50,000 Occupational health 3,00,000 60,000 Haul road and other roads repair and 1,50,000 15000 maintenance Miscellaneous 3,00,000 60,000 Total 19,50,000 3,85,000
41 Details of replenishment The rotational mining will be adopted to facilitate the studies. replenishment of the removing of sand from the blocks during rainy season. The blocks of previous year working will act as depository for the monsoon season. 42 Details of Transportation of The removed/mined out material will be loaded directly into mined out materials as per the tractor trolley and sent to buyers. No impact on the the Indian Road Congress for environment is anticipated, as regular water sprinking will be both the ways (loaded as well done in area and on haul raod. as unloaded trucks) load and its impact on Environment; 43 Proper species specific There is no Schedule – I species found in the 10 km of radius Conservation plan for area- NA Schedule–I and II species; 44 Impact of mining on plankton; No Impact of mining on plankton, because removal of sand will be proposed in different blocks of the area which remains dry. And concerned study is described in Chapter III,
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 21
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. 45 Details of mining activity to Year Production of sand (in tonnes) be provided w.r.t Block Wise/ I 25,00,000 Calendar wise/ Zonal wise, as II 25,00,000 the mine lease area is having III 25,00,000 a long stretch, IV 25,00,000 V 25,00,000
46 Details of Gradient of river During the survey and mapping of applied lease area the bed to be provided; gradient of the Baghot , Bassi, Bhagwanpura, Baddiya, Javla, Kharkheri, Kurara, Pih is respectively 1:1231, 1:1100, 1:1226 & 1:1333.
47 Details of excavation schedule The total targeted production is 25,00,000 TPA and working is & sequential mining plan; proposed in five different blocks in the area. To achive the production mining will be done as per the approved mining plan.
48 Mining Plan shall be prepared Mining plan has been prepared, ensuring the scientific and carefully, dividing lease area systematic mining and approved by vide letter no. into manageable blocks to SME/Kota/CC-II/MP/13/11748 dated 13.12.2013. Refer ensure scientific and Annexure No. V of EIA-EMP Report. systematic mining of minor minerals; and
49 The base line data shall be The baseline data has been collected that represent the whole collected so as to represent the applied mine lease area. The baseline study is given in whole mine lease area. Chapter III, on page no. 52 of EIA-EMP Report.
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Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 22
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd.
Environmental Impact assessment & Environmental management plan
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 23
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. CHAPTER - I INTRODUCTION
Mining Environment and development have become complimentary to each other. As a result of developmental activities visible ill-effects of the environmental degradation are clear and give signals of the concern. Therefore a sustainable development of the area involving extraction of mineral wealth vis-à-vis protection of environment is the ultimate solution for betterment of mankind.
1.1 PURPOSE OF REPORT The Environmental Impact Assessment has been prepared to assess the current environmental scenario of the area and then based on the activities of mining proposed, to carry out Environmental Management Plan. The plan will identify and address the impacts, where these are adverse in nature, and thereafter design mitigative measures to manage such impacts in a manner as to conserve environment and ecology of the area. The EMP has been prepared with a view to ultimately ensure that the adverse impacts are minimized if these cannot be prevented altogether.
Environmental clearance is a statutory requirement for the new and old establishment of any mining project of which EIA has to be prepared and submitted to respective agencies of State and center level in line with EIA Notification, 1994 & 2006.
As per new EIA Notification Dated 14th Sept. 2006, Environmental Clearance is required at the time of fresh grant, renewal of mining lease & enhancement of production where in the area is 5.00 hect & above . This project fall under category “A”, project, area is above 50 hect, therefore this project requires Environment Clearance from MOEF New Delhi.
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 24
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required for obtaining Environmental clearance based on ToR as approved by the statutory authority, the ToR was presented to MoEF, New Delhi, and ToR was granted on dated 09.12.2013 (No. J- 11015/318/2013-IA.II (M)). Refer Annexure No. I: Copy of Terms of Reference.
1.2. IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT 1.2.1 Identification of Project Name of the project: River bed mining of ordinary sand (Bajri) (Applied Lease area 415.07 ha.) Fresh Grant and production 25, 00,000 TPA
Location of the project: At Village: Baghot , Bassi, Bhagwanpura, Baddiya, Javla, Kharkheri, Kurara, Pih Tehsil: Parbatsar, District: Nagaur, Rajasthan.
1.2.2 Identification of Proponent Applicant: Shri Sher Singh S/o Mangal Singh 13, Shiv Nagar, Ajmer Road. District – Jaipur. Rajasthan Mob. +919414193514
1.3 BRIEF PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Letter of Intent was issued by Joint Secretary, Mines (Group-2), Government of Rajasthan, letter no. P7 (2) Mine/group-2/2013 Jaipur dated 15- 2-2013, with conditions imposed that to produce within one year, 1) approved Mining Plan of the area, 2) Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, 3) An affidavit of financial assurance under rule 37(J) of Rajasthan Minor Mineral Concession Rules 1986. Refer Annexure No. II: Copy of Letter of Intent.
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 25
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. The Letter of Intent was recommended to be issued by Supdt. Mining Engineer after completion of all formalities of Tender, highest bid, amount of security deposit for annual dead rent applicable for the applied lease area. As per RMMCR’ 1986, validity period of lease is five years.
The plan showing applied mining lease area comprising 415.07 Ha, with composite G.T. sheets nos. 45J05, 45J09, duly authenticated by Astt. Mining Engineer, Deptt. Of Mines & Geology.
The mining plan was approved by Suptdg. Mining Engineer, Kota vide letter no. SME/Kota/CC-II/MP/13/11748 dated 13.12.2013. Refer Annexure No. V: Copy of Approval Letter of Mining Plan.
1.4 LEASE STATUS River Bed Mining Area of Shri Sher Singh S/o Mangal Singh is situated near villages: Baghot, Bassi, Bhagwanpura, Baddiya, Javla, Kharkheri, Kurara , Pih, Tehsil: Parbatsar, District: Nagaur, Rajasthan over an area of 415.07 ha. Refer Annexure No. VI: Copy of List of villages and Khasra numbers.
TABLE 1.1: PROJECT DETAIL S. No Particulars Details 1 Locations Near Village Baghot , Bassi, Bhagwanpura, Baddiya, 2 Javla, Kharkheri, Kurara , Pih 3 Tehsil Parbatsar 4 District Nagaur 5 State Rajasthan 6 Latitude 26°48’03” to 26°46’15” N Longitude 74°27’53” to 74°37’5” E 7
Elevation above sea 396 mRL to 416 mRL 8 level Nearest National SH-21A, SH -59 9 Highway Nearest Railway Gachhipura R.S about 17 km in North. 10 station & Airport Airport – Jaipur Airport is about 115 km in East. 11 Archeological Place No Archeological place in the study area.
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 26
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. National Park , Wild No National park, Sanctuireis exist in Life Sanctuary, Wild the study area. Life Corridors, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory routes for PF About 9.5 km in South from the East Birds, tail end of the lease area. Reserved/Protected Forest
12
Nearest major city Harsore is about 6.5 km in South from 14 the East tail end of the lease periphery (aerial distance) Nearest Water Applied Lease area itself is a water body 15 bodies Nearest town Harsore is about 6.5 km in South from 16 the East tail end of the lease periphery (aerial distance)
As per New EIA Notification 14th Sept. 2006, Environmental Clearance is required for the proposed project. The proposed production of Bajri is 25, 00,000 Tones / annum and mining method will be semi-mechanized opencast manual. 1.5 LOCATION AND COMMUNICATION 1.5.1 Location The proposed project is River Bed mining of ordinary sand (Bajri) in Luni River & their connected flow nallahs. It is proposed to produce 25, 00,000 TPA of Sand from the applied area. Applied Lease area is situated in Tehsil: Parbatsar, District: Nagaur, Rajasthan. 1.5.2 Communication Road link
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 27
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. There are many Tar roads/ kuchha roads are available to reach at applied mine site. The Nearest State highway SH-21A is passing near to lease area. Nagaur State headquarters.
Rail link The Nearest Railway station is at Gachhipura R.S about 17 km in North end of the lease periphery.
Air link The Nearest Airport is Jaipur at a Distance of 115 kms
1.5.3 Basic Amenities Power No electric power supply is available at mine site, while electricity is available in the study area.
Amenities The nearest police station is at Gangdhar. Police station, court, mine office, drinking, Telephone and other facilities available at Gangdhar in the study area.
1.6 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The main objectives of this EMP are listed below: * To establish the present environmental scenario. * To anticipate the impacts of proposed future mining operations on the environment. * To prepare a detailed action plan for implementation of mitigative measures. * To suggest preventive and mitigative measures to minimize adverse impact and to maximize beneficial impacts. * To prepare a compensatory afforestation scheme. * To suggest a monitoring programmed to evaluate the effectiveness of mitigative measures.
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 28
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. * To suggest the formation of a core group responsible for implementation of environmental control and protective measures and monitoring of such implementation. * To suggest a feedback mechanism enabling to make mid - course corrections. * To prepare a capital cost estimate and annual recurring cost for Environmental Management Plan.
1.7 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA M/s. Udaipur Min–Tech Pvt. Ltd. was assigned the job of conduction of EIA report of the proposed river bed mining project Tehsil: Parbatsar, District: Nagaur, Rajasthan of Shri Sher Singh S/o Mangal Singh. The study was conducted within10 Km radius from the proposed mine as center. The base line data collection involves the data’s of air quality, water status, land use, socio-economic structure of the study area, existing flora, fauna, prevailing noise levels, along with the physiographical status and meteorological conditions of the area. The current report is based on the mining technique, air emissions, waste water generation and discharge, and solid waste management.
Effective plans to mitigate the adverse impacts and suggestive pollution control measures along with environmental management plan have been summarized.
1.8 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The terms of reference on the basis of which the EIA has been prepared are given below:
1.8.1 Data generation The data has been generated by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd, and M/s Noida Testing Laboratories Pvt. Ltds. (NABL Accredited Lab), in accordance with the requirement of statutory agencies. The monitoring and testing has been done as per the guidelines of MoEF and the IS standards. Monitoring has been conducted for the following parameters: Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 29
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd.
TABLE 1.2: DATA GENERATION Total S. No Description No.of locations No. of samples AIR Ambient air monitoring (24 hourly samples), twice a week for 1.0 3 months for one season. 8 192
Parameters:PM10,SO2, NOx,
Meteorological parameters will be measured at hourly duration simultaneously at one air monitoring station for 3 months Parameters: 1.1 1 90 days a. Wind speed, direction b. Relative humidity c. Temperature d. Cloudiness e. Rainfall WATER Water/effluents sample to be collected from each of the various locations (ground water) in core 8 8 Ground and buffer zone (10 km radius). Ground water 2.0 Parameters: water
Water/effluents: tested for physical and chemical parameters as well as according to applicable standards. 3.0 SOIL 08 08 4.0 NOISE 8 8 sets
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Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. Hourly readings taken for 24 hours (Leq) 5.0 TRAFFIC DENSITY 3 3 set
1.8.2 Data Collection The EIA study is being done for the Mine Lease (core zone) and area within 10 km radius (buffer zone), both of which comprise the ‘study area. The following data, through field survey and other sources, has been collected by Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd, for preparing the EIA/EMP for the proposed mining area with related facilities. i Details of wild fauna and flora within a distance of 10 km from the project site and information about forests, if any. ii. Eco-sensitive places, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves within 10 km radius. iii. Major industries within 10 km radius. iv. Religious places / historical monuments and tourist places within 10 km radius. v. Land use pattern within core zone and buffer zone (10 km radius around the core zone) based on census and satellite image and cropping pattern. vi. Demography and Socio-economic based on last available Census data for entire study area. vii. Relevant meteorological data, for previous decades from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) viii. Study of present environmental protection and mitigation measures in nearby operating similar projects, if any. ix. Geo-hydrological aspects based on available data from various secondary sources. x. Identification of water bodies, hills, roads etc. within 10 km radius.
1.8.3 Preparation of EMP The EMP will include the following details: a. Study of the reports like Geological report, FR or mining plan made available by the client. Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 31
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. b. Present Environmental Setting The base line data generated and collected as per para 1.8.1 and 1.8.2 will be used to establish the present environment scenario. c. Identification, prediction and evaluation of Anticipated Environmental Impact due to the proposed Mine and related facilities. The environmental impacts would be anticipated in core and buffer zone on: - Topography and drainage - Climate - Water quality(Surface/Ground) - Hydro-geological Regime - Air quality - Noise Levels - Flora and Fauna - Traffic density - Land-Use - Socio-Economic Conditions - Habitat - Health, culture, human environment including public health, occupational health and safety - Sensitive Places/Historical Monuments.
The impacts would be anticipated based on experience of similar projects. d. Proposed Environmental Safeguards and Monitoring Mechanism. Relevant guidelines as per Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification issued in January 1994 and subsequently on 14th September 2006 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 will be kept in mind while spelling out mitigation measures.
The following aspects would be covered i. Reclamation of areas disturbed during mining but not required for any activity after exhaustion of reserves. ii. Measures to control the surface and ground water pollution due to various effluents to be discharged, if any. Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 32
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. iii. Measures to control air pollution due to proposed activities/operation. iv. Green belt development plan and reclamation plan of mine. v. Measures to contain noise pollution & mitigate adverse impact on workers and habitat in core and buffer zone. vi. Pronounce the improvement in socio-economic conditions & benefits the people will get on implementation of the project. vii. Measures to control health hazard of workers and surrounding population. viii. Total and specific cost of control measures. ix. Environmental monitoring, implementation organization and feedback mechanism to effect mid-course corrections. x. Identification of flora species which can be planted in and around the project.
1.9 TERMS OF REFERENCE The term of reference have been issued by Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of MoEF, New Delhi vide letter no. J-11015/318/2013-IA.II (M) dated 09.12.2013 and are enclosed as Annexure No. I. The response to the terms of reference has been given on page no. 11-22.
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Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 33
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. CHAPTER – II PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE NATURE OF THE PROJECT: Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) is proposed in the river bed & applied lease area is 415.07 ha (Govt. Land). Mining will be carried out by opencast semi- mechanized method. Proposed production is 25, 00,000 Tons per annum of Sand.
2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT AND ITS IMPORTANCE TO THE COUNTRY AND OR REGION: The basic objective of the project is to effective utilization of Mineral in the country and /or region. With the development and industrialization has enhanced the demand of building material in last 10-15 years. Mainly in infrastructure projects like highways, buildings, township etc., which has raised the demand of Sand beside of the mineral. Sand mining not only provides the building material but also employment, economic growth of the state that will ultimately enhance the socio-economic status of the people of the region / area. The production of minerals will benefit to the State in the form of Royalty. Apart from this, the project will generate direct and indirect employment opportunities from the nearby villages. Also, the mine management will conduct medical camps at regular interval in the nearby villages and will help in providing infrastructure like school furniture, water tankers, etc.
2.3 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT TABLE 2.1: LOCATION OF THE PROJECT Particulars Details Name of Project River Bed Mining Project of Ordinary sand Name of River Luni River bed and their tributaries
Baghot , Bassi, Bhagwanpura, Baddiya, Javla, Near Village Kharkheri, Kurara , Pih
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 34
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. Tehsil Parbatsar
District Nagaur
Latitude 26°48’03” to 26°46’15” N Longitude 74°27’53” to 74°37’5” E
2.4 DEMANDS-SUPPLY GAP: There is large demand of sand for construction activities in the region. Demand of the sand is fulfilled by these project end users in the open market. The entire Sand produced will be used in the construction of roads, building and other infrastructures.
2.5 PHYSIOGRAPHY The topography of the applied area is mainly part of river with shallow depth and undulations. The highest elevation of the applied lease area is 396 mRL and lowest being 416 mRL. The drainage pattern of this area in general flowing from south to north direction.
2.6 DRAINAGE: Drainage pattern of the area is dendritic. The applied lease area part of the Luni River & their connected flow nallah. In the applied area, Eastern block is approachable from Rian-Alniwas metalled road; Middle block is approachable from Rian to Lungiya metalled road and western block approachable from Bhawal-Jasnagar metalled road. There is no river which originated from the district however; the river Luni which rises near Puashkar in Ajmer district draining western slopes of the Aravalli crosses the district in the southern part flowing in the western direction. It is an ephemeral river and carries runoff that is generated in the upper reaches. Channel deposits of Luni facilitate percolation during rainstorm, thereby frrding the neighboring wells along its bank. .
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 35
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd.
2.7 LENGTH & WIDTH OF THE AREA The proposed project is River Bed mining of ordinary sand (Bajri) in Luni River Bed and their tributaries. It is proposed to produce 25, 00,000 TPA of Sand from the applied area. Applied Lease area is situated in Tehsil: Parbatsar, District: Nagaur, and State – Rajasthan. TABLE 2.2: LENGTH AND WIDTH OF THE APPLIED LEASE AREA. Length Width (Kms.) (mtr) Name of River
Luni River 17 416
2.8 GENERAL GEOLOGY & LOCAL GEOLOGY General Geology:-
Geologically, Nagaur district is occupied by the Delhi Supergroup rocks, Erinpura Granite, Malani Igneous suite, Marwar supergroup rocks and Jogira Fuller's Earth/Kuchera Khajwana series rocks. Delhi Super group comprises the Raialo, Alwar and Ajabgarh Groups. Raialo Group is mainly represented by conglomeratic quartzite, dolomitic and calcitic marbles and garnetiferous schist.These are mainly exposed near Ras and Makrana. Now a days Raialo Group has been designated as Ras Formation locally, which has been given seperate entity and stratigraphically placed as Post-Aravalli and Pre-Delhi. The Alwar Group comprises mainly quartzite and arkose. The overlying Ajabgarh Group is consist of crystalline limestone and marble, siliceous limestone, Ferruginous quartzite, slate and schist. Alwar and Ajabgarh Group of rocks are mainly exposed in the north eastern part of district around Kuchaman & Harsor. The Erinpura granite occurs as gneissic granite, migmatized granite and massive granite forming small isolated out crops in southern part of the district. Malani Igneous Suite of rocks viz. rhyolite and granite are exposed in the eastern part of the district near Degana and Didwana. Sirohi Group of rocks which are represented by phyllite: micaschist with intercalated quartzite & marble bands and Punagarh Group of rocks viz. shale, phyllite, micaschist and quartzite with synsedimentary
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 36
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. metavolcanics and tuffs were considered as part of Aravalli system by A.M. Heron but recent workers have placed these sequences at the top of Delhi Supergroup. The Delhi Supergroup of metamorphites along with intrusives and effusives are overlain by unfossiliferous and marine sedimentary sequence forming the Marwar Supergroup, occupying more than 50% area of the district and mainly exposed in the western side. This sedimentary sequence has been classified into Jodhpur, Bilara and Nagaur Groups representing arenaceous, calcareous and arenaceous- argillaceous facies of sedimentation respectively. Jodhpur Group is further represented by Sonia Sandstone which shows assemblage of shale, sandstone, banded chert and carbonates; Girbhakar sand stone which is texturally mature sandstone containing alternate grit and pebble layers with abundant sedimentery structures. The Jodhpur Group is overlained by Bilara Group comprising Dhanapa dolomite, Gotan limestone and Pondlo Dolomite. The Dhanapa Dolomite shows development of stromatolites of weedia, collenia and cryptozoon species. The Hanseran Evaporite Group which comprises a rhythmic sequence of halite conaining potash minerals, anhydrite, caly, dolomite, magnesite and glauconite is considered time equivalent to Bilara Group. The lithounits of Nagaur Group i.e. Nagaur sandstone and Tunklian sandstone, unconformably overlies the Pandlo Dolomite of Bilara Group and comenences with a basal conglomerate containing clasts and pebbles of dolomite, chert and sandstone in an arenaceous to calcareous matrix. The conglomerate grades upward into a sequence of red sandstone, siltstone and claystone, belonging to the Nagaur sandstone. Conformably overlying the Nagaur sandstone is the Tunklian sandstone comprising red claystone, silts tone, calcareous clay and gritty to pebbly sandstone. The Nagaur Group is characterised by the presence of evaporite sequence ie. An hydrite and gypsum in Nagaur area and halite in Lakhasar area. Youngest lithounits exposed in the district are of Lower Eocene age named as Jogira Fullers Earth which has locally been described as Kuchera-Khajwana Formation by the recent workers who had carried out geological mapping in Nagaur district. This formation is represented by calcareous shale, siltstone, marl, limestone and sandy limestone with highly fossiliferous horizons.
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 37
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd.
Local Geology: Soil/ alluvium varying in thickness from 3.0 to 8.0 m constitute the top horizons in the area suitable for agriculture. Luni River meanders through the area exposing the alluvium and soil at the banks. Bajri is found in the river bed. This bed is presently dry and water flows only during the rainy season, The Sand exposed in the River bed of Luni and surrounding areas is the product of the deposition of the sediments brought and deposited in the flood plains of River Luni. These sediments are of recent geological formation and the litho-units exposed within the river and surrounding areas have formed as
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 38
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. water borne sediments brought by flood water during rainy season every year and deposited in riverbed.
2.9 MINABLE AREA AND RESERVE: Parameters of reserve estimation: Categorization of Reserves: Reserves were classified into only one category i.e. Proved. Proved reserves: All the Bajri which has been expressed on the river bed upto 3m depth consider under proved category. Summary of Reserves as per present estimation: A) Geological Assessment / Study: (i) The topographical plan: The topography of the applied area has been shown on Surface Plan. It has been taken as a base plan for preparation of Surface Geological Plan. (ii) Exploration already carried out: No exploration is proposed in the applied lease area during the plan period. (iii) Resource Quality and Quantity Assessment: (a) Resources quality assessment: Bajri will be mined from the river bed to be used as building material. (b) Resources quantity assessment: Geological Resources have been estimated as per UNFC guideline. The reserve of Sand are calculated by volumetric method and are summarized here below:- Area Available for mining during plan period (ha) = 350 ha The reserves will be = (Area × Depth × Bulk density)=Reserves in MT 350×10000×3×1.60 =1, 68, 00,000 MT Reserves in the blocked, restricted and already worked area= 65.07×10000×3×1.6= 31, 23,360 MT Total Geological Reserves 1, 68, 00,000 MT + 31, 23,360 MT = 1, 99, 23,360 MT.
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 39
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. Sand reserve calculation Classification Code Quantity (In MT) Total Mineral Reserve(A-B) 1,68,05,836 Proved Mineral Reserve (A) 111 1,95,89,836 Blocked Mineral Reserve (B) 211&222 27,84,000
A) TARGETED PRODUCTION 25,00,000 MT/year B) Mineral to be mined during plan period 1,25,00,000 MT C) Balance Reserves = 43,05,836 MT
Recovery: Recovery of Sand from the ROM is estimated at 50 % of the reserves. Life of mine is calculated based on reserves under UNFC code 111 & 211 only. Life is estimated at the 25, 00,000 tonnes of production of ROM per year.
Life of Mine;
In-situ Sub Reserves as per UNFC Code Recoverable Rejects In tones Grade 1, 99,23,360 Proved 111+211 50% Nil Nil
Life of mine is estimated at 19923360 tones/ 2500000 per annum = 7.9 years.
2.10 METHOD OF MINING The method of mining is semi-mechanized; a loading of Bajri with the help of light wait excavator’s to Truck or Dumper of 10 ton capacity or a Tractor Trolley of 4 ton capacity. This will ensure supply to the consumer or buyer directly from the mine.
The vehicle for transport of sand from mine to the destination is will be towards both sides through approach roads connecting to tar roads. West and east block will have its own approach roads, well connected to main highways. No proessing of mineral will be done at site.
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 40
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd.
2.11 REPLENISHMENT IN MINING AREA The rotational mining shall be adopted to facilitate the replenishment of the excavated part of river during rainy season. Thus the mineable area has been divided in two parts of each mining blocks i.e. the upstream part and the downstream part. The Mining of these two part is suggested on rotation basis in such a way that working site of previous year mining will act as depository for the monsoon season. Annual sediment deposition at the place of mining: This is accomplished by taking the converted dimensionless ratio flow-duration curve and multiplying increments/duration of time in days by the sediment yield associated with that flow. The computations for total annual suspended and bed load sediment yield are given below: Sediment yield: Formula For Q < 2 in: S = 1280 Q 0.46 [1.43-0.26 log (A)] For Q > 2 in: S = 1965 e -0.055Q [1.43-0.26 log (A)] Here: Q (in) = Mean Annual run off = 362 mm = 14.251 in A (mi2) = Catchment area= 895 km2 = 345.5595 mi2 Sediment yield S= (tons/yr) S= 1965 e-0.055x14.251[1.43 - 0.26 log (345.5595)] S = 2, 16,673.29 tons/year Thus, 2, 16,673.29 tons/year sediment will be regenerated every year in the catchment area increasing the mineable reserves. *source: - Calculation of sediment yield by the Dendy-Bolton formula
Significant feature of Mining The removal of sand shall be done opencast semi-mechanized method The working period for removal of sand will be restricted to 280 days (nine months) and during three month of rainy season no mining shall be undertaken.
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 41
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. The mining operations in the applied lease area would be confined to day light hours, from 9 A.M. to 5 P. M. The proposed mining block for removal of sand would be left as it is approximately for 15 months. Thus virtually each block would be rested for replenishment for two consecutive monsoons. The Bajri will be loaded into trolleys by manually and transported to directly sell.
2.12 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION: The removal of sand in the applied lease area will involve contractual labor. About 128 persons will be engaged in mining of Bajri; loading of material into tractor trolleys. The Bajri will be loaded and sold directly. The vehicle for transport of Bajri from mine to the destination is provided by the contractor. The labors for loading and un-loading of Bajri will also engaged by contractor. Sometimes extra loads which are not booked by the buyers are unloaded at the Stack yard made for temporary storage of Bajri for a day or two outside river bed areas.
2.13 WASTE GENERATION There is no top soil, overburden or waste to be encountered in the area. Waste disposal is not required and not proposed.
2.14 TRANSPORTATION The removed sand will be loaded in tractor trolleys manually and will directly be sold to the buyers. About 8930 metric tons of Bajri would be required to be moved daily.
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 42
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. FIGURE 2.1: TRANSPORTATION ROUT MAP
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Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. 2.15 ANTICIPATED LIFE OF MINE There is no specific life of the applied mine area as the area under reference is open and barren river bed of the river and whatever quality of sand minerals are extracted during one year; more than the extracted quantity will be replenished every year during monsoon.
2.16 THE QUANTUM OF DEVELOPMENT AND TONNAGE OF PRODUCTION: There is no development required in the section under removal of Bajri except making of approach road for Tractor trolley. This could be a levelling operation of the floor of river to a length of about 30-40 m for positioning of vehicle at the loading point. Mining Process: Lease has been allotted for a period of 5 years and it is proposed to work the mine simultaneously so that there is no pressure of mining in one particular area, year wise proposed production details is as follows.
FIVE YEARS PROPOSED PRODUCTION DETAILS IN MT
Year West block (MT) Area put East block Area put Total Area put to mining (MT) to mining Production(MT to mining ha ha ) ha
1 12,50,000 26.00 12,50,000 26.00 25,00,000 52.00
2 12,50,000 26.00 12,50,000 26.00 25,00,000 52.00
3 12,50,000 26.00 12,50,000 26.00 25,00,000 52.00
4 12,50,000 26.00 12,50,000 26.00 25,00,000 52.00
5 12,50,000 26.00 12,50,000 26.00 25,00,000 52.00
Total 50,00,000 130.00 50,00,000 130.00 1,25,00,000 260.00
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 44
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. 2.17 USE OF MINERAL Sand is mainly consumed by infrastructure & housing industries and development. Sand is used for mainly for construction work with cement of lime mortar. The specifications of average grade of Bajri is that it should be gravel free and of desired porosity. It should be siliceous in nature.
2.18 UTILITIES A. Power Supply: The electric power supply is not available at river site, while in the nearby area (huts, villages) electricity is available. During the removal of sand, no power supply will be required.
B. Water: Water requirement for domestic/drinking purpose is fulfilled through the nearby hand pump/dug wells in villages also from river. The total water requirement for the project is estimated 16 KLD. Water for mining operation (dust suppression) and for domestic & drinking purpose will be supplied with the help dug well situated in the nearby village and water tankers.
TABLE 2.3: PEAK WATER REQUIREMENT Purpose Requirement (KLD) Drinking 2.0 Dust Suppression 12.0 Plantation 2.0 Total 16.0
FIGURE 2.2: WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM
TOTAL WATER REQUIREMENT 16.0 KLD
Dug well/ River water Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 45
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd.
Dust supper. Sanitation & Plantation 12.0 KLD Drinking 2.0 KLD 2.0 KLD
0.5 m3 / day
No outflow Septic tank - Soak Pit No outflow
C. Man Power Total manpower required for the project is approx. 128 persons.
2.19 PROPOSED SITE FACILITIES i) Office : The applicant will establish site office cum store at different working site along the applied lease area. ii) First Aid Box : Although the river bed mining project does not involve any major risks but a first aid box with proper facilities will be maintained as per Mines Act and Mine Rules at the mine site office. iii). Wash Room: Wash room will be provided separately for male & female workers.
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Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 46
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. CHAPTER – III DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.1 GENERAL 3.1.1 Study area Exploitation of mineral resources from the land through mining causes environmental and ecological instability, severe land degradation besides biological physical and socio-economic imbalance. The impact of the mining activities can be quantified through Environmental Impact Assessment Studies within the impact zone. The findings of EIA studies help in preparation of the environmental management plan for mitigating the adverse impacts.
For the purpose of studying the baseline status of the environment, core zone and buffer zone are considered for Impact Assessment. The core area for the purpose comprises applied mining lease area of 415.07 Hect. The buffer zone comprises a 10 km from around the core area.
This section contains a description of the existing baseline environmental status of the Luni River & their connected flow nallah mine, the data collected has been used to define the environmental scenario of the area, against which the potential impacts of the project has been assessed.
3.1.2 Sources of Environmental Data The baseline information on micro-meteorology, ambient air quality, water quality, noise levels, soil quality and floristic descriptions are largely drawn from the data generated by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd, M/s Noida Testing Laboratories Pvt. Ltds. (NABL Accredited Lab). Long term meteorological data recorded at the nearest IMD station, Tehsil: Parbatsar, District: Nagaur, Rajasthan was collected. Apart from these, secondary data have been collected from Census Handbook, Revenue Records, Statistical Department, Soil Survey and Land use Organization, District Industries Centre, Forest Department, Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 47
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. Central Ground Water Authority, etc. The generation of primary data as well as collection of secondary data and information from the site and surroundings was carried out during winter season i.e. December - 13 to February - 14.
3.1.3 Aspect Studied As per the gazette notification dated 14th September 2006 and guidelines of CPCB, the study area was demarked. The study was conducted within a radius of 10 km from mine as center. The study period defined is December - 13 to February - 14.
The discipline covered by the baseline data collection programme includes the following:- Topography, Physiography, Atmospheric condition, Air, Noise, Soil & Water environment, Biological environment, Land use, cropping pattern & Socio economic aspects.
3.1.4 Presentation Each of the aspects listed above considered ahead in a sequential manner. Data Collected during the baseline study period are given ahead and provides a sound knowledge of the existing environment.
3.2 STUDY AREA AT A GLANCE The study area includes the villages of Parbatsar Tehsil within 10 Kms. radius from the mine as center. TABLE 3.1: STUDY AREA AT A GLANCE S. No. Particulars Details 1.0 General Particulars 1.1 Latitude 24°01’32.47’’ to 23°47’32.21’’ N Longitude 75°42’02.82’’ to 75°27’7.45” E 1.2 Populations 18689 1.3 Tehsil Parbatsar 1.4 District H.Q. Nagaur 2.0 Demography
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 48
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. 2.1 Total Population 19689 Male 9589 Female 9100 2.2 Literates 9060 2.3 No. of Household 3409 3.0 Land Use Pattern Ha. 3.1 Open land 221.95 3.2 Scrub Land 2782.28 3.3 Vegetation 197.57 3.4 Forest 17.68 3.5 Settlement 613.94 3.6 Water bodies 244.85 3.7 River 844.38 3.8 Agriculture 63062.75 3.9 Total 67985.4 4.0 Climatology (Dec., 13 to Feb., 14) 4.1 Mean monthly maximum temp. °C 32.6 4.2 Mean monthly minimum temp. °C 4.5 4.3 Relative humidity % 11 to 87 % 4.4 Total Rainfall in mm. 362
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 49
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd.
3.2 TOPOGRAPHY The topography of the applied area is mainly part of river with shallow depth and undulations. The highest elevation of the applied lease area is 416 mRL and lowest being 396 mRL. The drainage pattern of this area in general flowing from south to north direction. Refer Figure 3.1: Topography Map of the Study Area.
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Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd.
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Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd.
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Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd.
3.3 CLIMATIC CONDITION The district experiences arid to semi-arid type of climate. Mean annual rainfall (1971-2005) of the district is 410mm. whereas normal rainfall (1901-1970) is lower than average rainfall and placed at 363.1 mm. It is obvious that there is significant increase in rainfall during the last 30 years. The rainy days are limited to maximum 15 in a year. Almost 80% of the total annual rainfall is received during the southwest monsoon. The probability of occurrence of mean annual rainfall is 38%. Based on agriculture criteria indicates that the district is prone to mild and normal type of droughts. Occurrence of severe and very severe type of drought is very rare. There is not much variation in areal distribution of rainfall. However, the southern part of the district gets slightly more rainfall than northern part. The mean annual rainfall is lowest at Didwana (347.8mm), which lies in northern part of the district, whereas the mean annual rainfall is highest at Degana (471.9mm) which lies in southern of the district. 3.4 PHYSIOGRAPHY 3.4.1 Relief The topography of the applied area is mainly part of river with shallow depth and undulations. The highest elevation of the applied lease area is 416 mRL and lowest being 396 mRL. The drainage pattern of this area in general flowing from south to north direction.
3.4.2 Drainage: There is no river which originated from the district however; the river Luni which rises near Pushkar in Ajmer district draining western slopes of the Aravalli crosses the district in the southern part flowing in the western direction. It is an ephemeral river and carries runoff that is generated in the upper reaches. Channel deposits of Luni facilitate percolation during rainstorm, thereby feeding the neighboring wells along its bank. Refer Figure 3.2: Drainage Pattern of the Study Area. Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 53
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd.
Figure 3.2: Drainage Pattern of the Study Area
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 54
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd.
3.5 REPLENISHMENT OF THE AREA The rotational mining shall be adopted to facilitate the replenishment of the excavated part of river during rainy season. Thus the mineable area has been divided in two parts of each mining blocks i.e. the upstream part and the downstream part. The mining of these two part is suggested on rotation basis in such a way that working site of previous year mining will act as depository for the monsoon season.
3.6 HUMAN SETTLEMENT There is no human settlement within the applied lease area. Total 77 villages with 14656 household within the study area with population of 72602.
3.7 HYDROLOGICAL ASPECTS Geological Framework The geological set up of the district is presented by different sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks belonging to Bhilwara super Group, Delhi super Group. Marwar super Group, Palana Formation and Quaternary alluvium. A few outcrops of gneisses belonging to the Mangalwar Complex of the Bhilwara Supergroup are exposed north- east of Nawa. The Delhi Super Group includes Alwar. Ajabgarh/ Kumbhalgarh and punagarh Group in descending order of antiquity. The rocks of Alwar Group are well exposed in the eastern part of the district and comprise arkose, grit, conglomerate and schist. The overlying Ajabgarh / Kumbhalgarh Group of rocks are exposed between kerkeri and Bijathal. The Ajabgarh Group mainly consists of Quartzite with schist and marble. Kumbhalgarh comprises mica schist and marble. The overlying punagarh Group of rocks (quartzite, slate phyllite, marble etc.) occur as isolated outcrops. The rocks of Bhilwara Super Group and Delhi Super Group are structurally isoclinal and recline fold which are exposed along south eastern margin (trend NE-SW) of the district adjacent to Ajmer district.
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 55
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd.
The rocks of Delhi super Group have been intruded by the Erinpura granite and the Malani Igneous suite. All these rocks are overlain by the marine sedimentary sequence of the Marwar Super Group which is subdivided into Jodhpur, Bilara and Nagaur group representing arenaceous, Calcareous and areno-argillaceous fancies respectively. These rocks are overlain by sandstone and bentonite of the Palana formation. The Marwar Super Group of rocks showing horizontal to gently inclined disposition of different beds which are displaced by different faults. Palana and other Tertiary formations are showing same altitude.
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 56
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd.
Hydro-geological Condition: Nagaur sandstone : It is coarse to fine grained, loosely cemented with gravel at basal part which act as good aquifer and occupies mainly the part of Nagaur, Jayal, Mundwa and Merta blocks. The associated rocks are siltstone and shales. Its thickness varies from 140-240 m.
Groundwater in Nagur District Chemical quality of ground water in Nagaur district is generally brackish to saline with few pockets having fresh water with E.C. less than 2000 micro mhos/cm at 25°C. Then there are some areas suffering from high fluoride. There are two salt lake area where ground water having E.C. more than 10000 micro mhos. Ground water in the alluvium is in general better in quality than that found in the sandstones of Nagaur and Palana series, and Meta sediments. The fluoride content of ground water in Nagaur district varies from less than 1 ppm to10 ppm. In a longitudinal belt extending from Manasar in Nagaur blocks to Indawar in Merta block the fluoride is more than 4 ppm. There is another big pocket in the south-eastern part of the district covering parts of Parbatsar, Makrana and Degana blocks where the fluoride is much over 4 ppm and the area is called Banka-patti (fluoride affected area).
Ground water quality in deeper aquifers Ground water in the alluvium is in general better in quality than that found in the sandstones of Nagaur and Palana series. the ground water in quaternary alluvium has less than 1000 ppm T.D.S. (E.C. less than 2000 micro mhos/cm) only in the eastern part which in the widely spread area the range is between 1000-3000 ppm T.D.S. in the wells penetrating Tertiary sediments the salinity exceeds 3000 ppm. T.D.S. The E.C. of ground water in the shallow aquifer of Nagaur and Palana sandstone varies from 900 to 6000 micro mhos/cm at 25°C. However the quality of water deteriorates with depth. Source –CGWB, Nagaur
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3.7.1 Introduction Local hydrological parameters and ground level water levels are not affected due to mining activity in the area. Ground Water Condition The ground water level in the Luni River & their connected flow nallah varies on an average from 10 meters to 25 meters near the riverbed and increases towards.
3.8 ATMOSPHERIC CONDITION Atmospheric conditions include meteorological condition and ambient air quality of the study area. Meteorological conditions with respect to wind velocity and direction in the study area was determined by IMD station Nagaur. The required data for interpretation the ambient air quality of the study area was generated by establishing a monitoring network. Regular field observations as per the norms of MoEF and CPCB were taken from the established monitoring stations.
3.9 METEOROLOGY Introduction Meteorological factors such as wind speed; direction variation in temperature, humidity etc. play a direct role in dispersion of pollutants atmospheric pressure, rainfall and cloud cover also govern this activity. Other factors such as terrain and local topography also take part in atmospheric dispersion. Meteorology plays a vital role in affecting the dispersion of pollutants. Since meteorological factors show wide fluctuations with time, meaningful interpretation can be drawn only from long term reliable data. Such source of data is the Indian meteorological Department (IMD), which maintains a network of meteorological stations at several important locations. The nearest IMD stations Jodhapur, Meteorological
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 58
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information available for this station is temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed and wind direction. The data recorded at Nagaur IMD station for the period December, 13 to February, 14 are summarized in below table. Meteorological Data from IMD Station The data have been collected from Nagaur IMD station for the study period December, 2013 to February, 2014, which are summarized in the below table. TABLE 3.2: MEAN TEMPERATURE & RELATIVE HUMIDITY Temperature Relative Wind Speed (km/hr.) (°C) Humidity (%) Month 8.30 HRS 17.30 HRS Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Dec., 13 32.6 6.0 76 15 10 2 8 2 Jan., 14 26.3 4.5 87 14 8 2 8 2 Feb., 14 32.2 5.7 78 11 8 2 10 2
Site Specific Meteorological Data at Joadhapur The data recorded at site of the study period December, 2013 to February, 2014 are temperature and relative humidity, which are summarized in the below table. TABLE 3.3: MEAN TEMPERATURE & RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Month Wind Speed (kmph) Temperature Relative Humidity (oC) (%)
8:30 hrs. 17:30 hrs.
Max. Min. Max. Min. Highest Lowest Highest Lowest
1 8 1 Dec.‘13 6 30.2 5.6 85 16
Jan 1 10 1 11 29.5 4.2 95 12 ‘14
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Feb 1 12 1 10 30.5 6.8 84 18 ‘14
Wind Rose Wind speed of a site plays a vital role in predicting the extent of air pollution. It gives a clear view about the extent to which air pollutants are carried before they touch the ground. Wind rose is diagrammatic representation of wind speed in a specified direction with its arms representing sixteen directions; each arm gives a clear frequency distribution of wind speed.
Wind roses are generated with the site meteorological information’s initially collected. These raw data are processed with certain interpolation and stability classes and joint frequency function are developed to eventually reach to the development of wind roses. Refer Figure 3.2: Wind Rose Diagram
Applicant - Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 60
Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd.
FIGURE 3.2: WIND ROSE DIAGRAM
Observation: The prominent seasonal wind direction is from NE contributing approximately 32 % of the total.
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Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd.
3.10 AMBIENT AIR ENVIRONMENT To establish the ambient air quality the studies were carried out during winter season of the Month December, 2013 to February, 2014.
3.10.1 Ambient Air Sampling Ambient air quality sampling was carried out with the help of Respirable particulate matter Sampler “ Respirable Dust Sampler” (RDS). The data generated by M/s Noida Testing Laboratories Pvt. Ltds. for ambient air quality status within 10 km. radius of the mine has been compiled along with micrometeorological conditions for particulars season.
3.10.2. Location of Ambient Air Sampling Stations 11 sampling stations were established around the core zone within 10 km radius to study the present air quality. The locations are given in below table and the area marked in Figure. TABLE 3.4: LOCATION OF AMBIENT AIR MONITORING STATIONS S. Aerial Location Station Name Distance Direction No. (Km) 1. AQ1 Bagot 3 E
2. AQ2 Bassi 0.9 SW
3. AQ3 Bhagwanpur 1 S
4. AQ4 Bharasiya 8 NNE 5. AQ5 Javla 5 W 6. AQ6 Katkeri 8 SE 7. AQ7 Kurara 5 NW 8. AQ8 Pih 9 S 9. AQ9 Near Kishapura ( Core Zone) - -
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10. AQ10 Near Barao ( Core Zone) - - 11. AQ11 Near Dholiya ( Core Zone) - - Refer Figure 3.3: Ambient Air Sampling Location in the study area.
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FIGURE 3.3: AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING LOCATION IN THE STUDY AREA
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3.10.3. Sampling Schedule Eight/Twenty four hourly samples were collected from station round the clock, twice a week for continuous three month (December, 13 to February, 2014). 3.10.4. Air quality parameter The following parameters were analyzed for each sample.
- Particulate Matter (PM10)
- Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
- Oxides of nitrogen (Nox)
The sampling and testing of ambient air quality parameters were carried out as per relevant parts of IS 5182. The brief details of testing procedure adopted are given in below table. TABLE 3.5: PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING VARIOUS AIR QUALITY PARAMETERS Parameters Testing Procedure Gravimetric method using Respirable particulate
PM10 matter Sampler “ Respirable Dust Sampler” (RDS) IS:5182(Part IV)1973 Absorption in dil. NaOH and then estimated calorimetrically with sulphanilamide and N(I- NOx Nepthyle) Ethylene diamine Dihydrochloride and Hydrogen Peroxide(IS:5182 1975, Part VI) Absorption in Sodium Tetra Chloro- Mercurate followed by Colorimetric estimation using P- SO2 Rosaniline hydrochloride and Formaldehyde(IS:5182 Part II. 1969)
The detailed results of ambient air quality are given in table below table.
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TABLE 3.6: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
S. No. of CPCB Pollutant Location Minimum Maximum Average No. observation Standards AQ1 13.04 17.35 15.42 AQ2 13.28 17.36 15.39 AQ3 13.28 17.36 15.39 AQ4 13.22 17.00 15.59 AQ5 13.08 16.69 15.33 SO2 1. AQ6 24 13.08 17.06 15.07 80.0 (µg/m3) AQ7 13.98 16.06 15.02 AQ8 13.62 17.4 15.51 AQ9 14.34 17.83 16.30 AQ10 14.53 17.59 16.37 AQ11 14.34 17.57 15.41 AQ1 6.28 9.13 7.66 AQ2 6.23 15.65 16.11 AQ3 6.25 8.95 7.6 AQ4 6.39 8.45 7.57 AQ5 6.16 8.39 7.53 NOx 2. AQ6 24 6.0 8.53 7.26 80.0 (µg/m3) AQ7 6.30 8.46 7.38 AQ8 6.6 9.00 7.8 AQ9 7.29 9.48 8.13 AQ10 7.34 9.96 8.48 AQ11 7.01 9.63 8.22 AQ1 58.09 66.52 62.36 AQ2 58.3 64.01 61.51 AQ3 58.12 65.76 62.40 AQ4 58.30 65.07 62.1 AQ5 58.09 64.63 61.54 PM10 3. AQ6 24 58.05 65.21 61.63 100.0 (µg/m3) AQ7 64.4 76.4 69.4 AQ8 58.35 62.50 60.42 AQ9 58.19 71.64 64.21 AQ10 60.35 65.58 62.59 AQ11 60.01 65.75 62.67 AQ1 35 42.02 37.52 AQ2 35.01 41 39.17 AQ3 35.00 43.10 36.84 PM2.5 AQ4 35.09 45.85 42.58 4 24 (µg/m3) AQ5 35.02 41.23 38.88 AQ6 35.88 42.01 38.94 AQ7 35.09 39.01 37.05 AQ8 35.12 41.85 38.48
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AQ9 33.46 37.34 39.30 AQ10 37.53 37.72 39.04 AQ11 37.43 38.79 39.33 AQ1 0.35 0.45 0.38 AQ2 0.35 0.44 0.40 AQ3 0.35 0.44 0.40 AQ4 0.35 0.45 0.40 AQ5 0.35 0.43 0.40 5. CO AQ6 24 0.36 0.44 0.40
AQ7 0.35 0.40 0.37 AQ8 0.35 0.43 0.39 AQ9 0.46 0.64 0.55 AQ10 0.41 0.67 0.55 AQ11 0.48 0.63 0.55
Baseline Scenario Suspended Particulate Matter (PM10) Suspended particulate matter in general terms is the particulate matter in suspension in ambient air. It includes dust, smoke etc. In general some of the important sources of suspended particulate matter are mines. The following sources of suspended particulate matter in the study area are identified: Emission due to vehicular movement Dust generation from ground or other operations The minimum and maximum level of PM10 recorded within the study area was in the range of 58.05 µg/m3 to 76.4 µg/m3 with the average ranging between 62.1 µg/m3 to 69.4 µg/m3. The 24 hourly average values of PM10 were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and found that all sampling stations recorded in the study area are within the applicable limits i.e., 100 µg/m3 for SPM in rural areas.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Sulfur dioxide gas is an inorganic gaseous pollutant. Sulfur dioxide emissions are expected to be emitted wherever combustion of any fuel
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containing sulfur takes place. The sulfur in the fuel will combine with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide. The following sources of sulfur dioxide in the study area are identified: Emissions from domestic/consumption of fuel (coal, diesel, etc)
Sulfur dioxide in atmosphere is significant because of its toxicity; sulfur dioxide is capable of producing illness and lung injury. Further it can combine with water (moisture) in the air to form toxic acid aerosols that can corrode metal surfaces, fabrics and the leaves of plants. Sulfur dioxide is an irritant to the eyes and respiratory system. Excessive exposure to sulfur dioxide can cause bronchial asthma and other breathing related diseases as it affects the lungs. The minimum and maximum level of SO2 recorded within the study area was in the range of 13.04 µg/m3 to 17.83 µg/m3 with the average ranging between 15.02 µg/m3 to 16.37 µg/m3. The 24 hourly average values of SO2 were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and it was found that all sampling stations recorded values are below the applicable limits 80 µg/m3 for rural areas.
Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2) The important sources of oxides of Nitrogen are from utilities and auto exhaust due to vehicular movement in mine lease area. The following sources of oxides of nitrogen in the study area are identified. Emissions from vehicular movements in the study area. Oxides of Nitrogen in the presence of sunlight will undergo reactions with a number of organic compounds to produce all the effects associated with photochemical smog. NOX has inherent ability to produce deleterious effects by themselves like toxicity. It causes asphyxiation when its concentration is great enough to reduce the normal oxygen supply from the air.
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The minimum and maximum level of NOx recorded within the study area was in the range of 6.0 µg/m3 to 15.6 µg/m3 with the average ranging between 7.26 µg/m3 to 16.11 µg/m3. The 24 hourly average values of NO2 were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and it was found that all sampling stations recorded values are below the applicable limits 80 µg/m3 for rural areas.
3.11 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Mining and allied activities are usually noise-prone activities. Excessive noise levels may cause adverse effects on human being and its associated environment including domestic animals, wild life, natural ecosystem and structure. The noise problem is said to exist when the sound level in the air causes interference in human activities such as disturbance in sleep, work and speech communication leading to annoyance. Perception of noise by individuals varies depending on number of factors such as natural sensitivity / hearing ability, level of exposure, time of the day, socio-cultural activities etc. at the time of exposure to sound. The impact of noise at community level can have different effects varying from aesthetic impairment such as annoyance, frequent hypertension to as high as loss of hearing. The health impact of noise on individual depends on several factors, viz. physical dose (intensity of sound pressure level and duration of exposure), frequency spectrum, intermittency etc. as well as human factors like sex, age, health condition, occupational exposure etc. The background noise levels within the mine and around it were recorded using sound meter to establish the existing scenario.
3.11.1 Monitoring Methodology of Noise Level Noise standards have been designated for different types of land use, i.e. residential, commercial, industrial and silence zones, as per ‘The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, Notified by the Ministry of
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Environment and Forests, New Delhi on February 14, 2000’. Different standards have been stipulated during day time (6 am to 10 pm) and night time (10 pm to 6 am). The noise analysis within the study area was recorded using 4-20, sound level meter. The analysis reveals that the noise’s well within the permissible range. The noise rating method as Leq i.e. equivalent sound pressure level has been adopted for the measurement of noise level in various selected sampling locations of this region. It is the energy means of the noise level over a specified period and is expressed in terms of decibels. Methodology for monitoring of noise levels is given in below table. 3.11.2 Location of Noise Monitoring Stations The location of Noise level monitoring is presented in below table. TABLE 3.8: LOCATION OF NOISE MONITORING STATIONS S. Aerial Distance Location Station Name Direction No. (Km) 1. NQ1 Bagot 3 km E 2. NQ2 Bassi Near Mine Site - 3. NQ3 Bhagwanpur 1 km S 4. NQ4 Bharasiya 8km NNE 5. NQ5 Javla 5km W 6. NQ6 Katkeri 8km SE 7. NQ7 Kurara 5km NW 8. NQ8 Pih 9km S NQ9 Near Kishapura - 9. - ( Core Zone) NQ10 Near Barao - 10. - ( Core Zone) NQ11 Near Dholiya - 11. - ( Core Zone)
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FIGURE 3.4: NOISE MONITORING LOCATION MAP
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3.11.3 Noise Level Results The noise monitoring within the study area was recorded using sound level meter. Noise readings were taken at 11 different locations in the study area. TABLE 3.9: NOISE LEVEL WITHIN THE STUDY AREA NOISE LEVEL Leq. dB (A) Day Time Night Time Station Sampling Location (6:00 a.m. (10:00 p.m. to to 10:00 6:00 a.m.) p.m.)
NQ1 Bagot 52.47 39.32 NQ2 Bassi 52.04 39.02 NQ3 Bhagwanpur 51.4 38.9 NQ4 Bharasiya 51.33 37.19 NQ5 Javla 53.55 36.12 NQ6 Katkeri 50.02 36.91 NQ7 Kurara 54.01 35.99 NQ8 Pih 53.77 40.01 NQ9 Near Kishapura ( Core Zone) 59.32 40.38 NQ10 Near Barao ( Core Zone) 58.71 41.69 NQ11 Near Dholiya ( Core Zone) 59.12 41.83
Baseline Scenario The values of noise observed in some of the areas are primarily owing to vehicular traffic and other anthropogenic activities. Assessment of night time Leq (Ln) varies
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from 35.99 to 41.83 dB (A) and the daytime Leq (Ld) varies from 50.02 to 59.12 dB (A) within the study area. TABLE 3.10: CPCB NOISE STANDERD
Leq in dB (A) Category of Zones Day Night Industrial 75 70
Commercial 65 55
Residential 55 45
Silence Zone 50 40 a. Day time is from 6.00 Am to 10.00PM. b. Night time is reckoned between 10.00 PM to 6.00AM c. Silence zone is defined as an area up to 100m around premises of hospitals, educational institution and courts. Use of vehicle horn, loudspeaker and bursting of crackers is banned in these zones. Note: Mixed categories of areas be declared as one of the four above mentioned categories by the competent Authority and the corresponding standards shall apply.
3.12 SOIL ENVIRONMENT Soil is defined as a thin layer of earth's crust which serves as a natural medium for the growth of plants. It is the unconsolidated mineral matter that has been subjected to and influenced by genetic and environmental factors, such as, parent material, climate organism and physiochemical action of wind, water and sum light an acting over a long period of time. Soil differs from the parent materials in the morphological, physical, chemical and biological properties. Also soils differ among themselves in some or all the properties depending on the differences in the gothic and environmental factors. The soil samples were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics.
3.12.1 Methodology for Soil Monitoring Soil samples from depth (0-15 cm) were collected from these villages area for estimation of the physicochemical characteristics of soil. Air-dried and
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Sieved samples have been used for determination of physical properties of soil. Standard methods were followed for the analysis of soil samples.
3.12.2 Soil Sampling Location Soil survey was carried out by Environmental Expert Team, while conducting the studies for preparing the report for the main plant of the applicant, by drawing samples from various locations in winter seasons 2013-14 and analyses the same for physical and chemical parameters.
TABLE 3.11: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN THE STUDY AREA
S. Aerial Distance Location Station Name Direction No. (Km)
1. SQ1 Bagot 3 km E
SQ2 2. (Core Bassi Near Mine Site - Zone)
3. SQ3 Bhagwanpur 1 km S
4. SQ4 Bharasiya 8km NNE
5. SQ5 Javla 5km W
6. SQ6 Katkeri 8km SE
7. SQ7 Kurara 5km NW
8. SQ8 Pih 9km S
Refer Figure 3.5: Soil Sampling Location in the Study Area
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FIGURE 3.5: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATION IN THE STUDY AREA
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3.12.3 Soil Analysis Results Soil analysis was carried out and the results following below table. TABLE 3.12: SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS
S.No. Parameter Unit Locations
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
1 pH(1:5 8.20 7.85 7.75 8.05 7.62 8.14 8.18 8.17 suspension) 2 Electrical µS/cm 375 363 350 336 346 363 372 374 Conductivity at 25OC (1:5suspensio n.) 3 Calcium (as mg/kg 1843.42 1342.7 1322.42 1362.73 1316.43 1863.28 1382.29 1861.14 Ca) 3 4 Magnesium(a mg/kg 438.50 425.63 414.13 419.93 417.43 404.28 429.29 416.01 s Mg) 5 Sodium (as mg/kg 20.79 62.94 63.98 59.32 59.76 19.93 61.20 22.18 Na) 6 Potassium(as mg/kg 82.98 93.23 91.98 89.95 90.10 78.93 93.44 79.82 K) 7 Water % by 32.56 30.73 28.40 28.49 27.68 29.82 29.61 31.95
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holding mass Capacity 8 Porosity % by 23.50 25.63 24.60 23.94 23.46 24.82 24.71 24.61 mass 9 Sand % by 61.76 77.0 76.0 79.61 76.0 69.48 81.14 62.48 mass 10 Clay % by 5.89 8.0 16.0 6.73 17.0 6.82 7.38 6.15 mass 11 Silt % by 32.35 9.0 8.0 12.0 8.0 24.32 13.0 31.81 mass 12 Cation Meq/100 5.88 7.26 6.05 6.92 7.26 6.27 6.91 5.96 Exchange gm Capacity 13 Sodium - 4.36 5.25 5.69 6.82 5.72 5.82 6.29 5.17 Absorption Ratio 14 Nitrogen % by 0.085 0.104 0.098 0.095 0.083 0.098 0.084 0.095 mass 15 Phosphorus(P mg/kg 14.36 17.38 16.98 17.73 17.72 15.61 16.97 14.89 2O5) 16 Zinc (Zn) mg/kg 5.86 6.02 6.02 6.89 6.21 6.27 6.41 5.99
17 Bulk Density gm /cc 1.51 1.94 1.60 2.02 1.84 1.89 1.96 1.78
18 Organic % by 0.79 1.04 0.98 1.04 0.95 0.98 0.99 0.92 Matter mass
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Results of Analysis of the Soil
Soil is the media for supplying the nutrients for plant growth. Nutrients are available to plants at certain pH and pH of soils can reflect by addition of pollutants in it either by air, or by water or by solid waste or by all of these. In order to establish the baseline status of soil characteristics, soil samples were collected at 8 sampling locations. The analysis results show that soil is basic in nature as pH value ranges from 7.62 to 8.20, which shows that the soil is alkaline in nature. Potassium is found to be from 78.93mg/kg to 93.44 mg/kg. The water holding capacity is found in between 27.68 to 32.56
3.13 WATER ENVIRONMENT In order to conduct EIA Studies, baseline data pertaining to water environment of the existing project was carried out evaluating the basin characteristics, drainage pattern, and hydrology.
3.13.1 Surface Water Quality The project itself is a part of surface water body. The applied lease falls in Luni River & their connected flow nallahs, will not get polluted and bears a lot of dissolved oxygen in it. The natural treatment of the water current takes places for a considerable length from the place of origin as the ultraviolet radiation due to sun is quite high in the upper reaches. The applied lease area is free of industrial pollutants.
3.13.2 Ground Water Quality Assessment The sources of potable water are the hand pumps, tub-wells & dug well in the area. Samples were collected from the available water resources around the applied mine lease area. The samples were collected & tested from different sites.
The quality of ground water was studied by collecting water samples from representative open dug wells, tube wells & hand pumps. The details of
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Prepared by M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. water quality sites are given in below table. The samples were collected during winter season (Dec., 2013 to Feb., 2014).
The ground water table in this region between 10 and 25 mts. from the the ground level. FIGURE 3.6: SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF SITE ELEVATION, WORKING DEPTH & GROUND WATER
HIGHEST CONTOUR 436mRL LOWEST CONTOUR 390 mRL
ULTIMATE DEPTH 3.0meter
WATER TABLE 10.0 BGL (Post monsoon) 25.0 BGL (Pre monsoon) Proposed working will not intersect Ground water table.
3.13.3 Ground Water Monitoring Methodology To evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics of the water resources existing in the study area, water samples from surface and ground water sources were collected during the winter season and characterized for physico-chemical parameters. Water samples from six ground water source and three surface water sources were characterized. There samples were taken as grab sample and were analyzed for various parameters and compared with standards IS: 10500. The locations of water sampling stations have been shown in below table.
TABLE 3.13: GROUND & SURFACE WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN THE STUDY AREA Aerial Distance Station No. Location Direction (km) GW1 Project Site - - GW2 Javla 5km W GW3 Bharasiya 8km NNE
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GW4 Bagot 3km E GW5 Pih 9km S GW6 Katkeri 8km SE
Refer Figure No. 3.6: Ground & Surface Water Sampling Station in the study area.
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3.13.4 Analysis Report of Water Quality The quality of ground water was studied by collecting 6 water samples from representative hand pump and wells. The physico-chemical characteristics of ground water samples presented in below table.
TABLE 3.14: ANALYSIS RESULTS OF GROUND WATER
Location GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 Limits of IS:10500 -2012
Parameters Permissible limit in the Desirable limit Absence of
Alternate Max Source (Max.) Total Coliform Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent - 10.00 (MPN/100 ml) E. Coli Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent (CFU/100ml) Colour <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 5 15 Odour Agreeable Agreeable Agreeabl Agreea Agreeab Agreeab Agreeable Agreeable e ble le le Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeabl Agreea Agreeab Agreeab Agreeable - e ble le le Turbidity <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1 5
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pH value 8.73 8.94 8.64 8.74 8.61 8.63 6.5-8.5 - Total Dissolve 1126 1184 1064 1106 1068 998 500 2000 Solid ( TDS) Aluminum (as BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.03 0.2 Al) Total BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.5 No Relaxation Ammonia Anionic BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.2 1.0 surface Detergents(as MBAS) Barium (as BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.7 No Relaxation Ba) Boron (as B) <0.1 0.21 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.5 1.0 Calcium (as 26.96 28.31 31.45 32.94 31.84 32.53 75 200 Ca) Chloramines BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 4.0 No Relaxation (as Cl2)
Chloride (as 316.38 331.62 86.58 85.47 250 1000 Cl) 85.98 82.68 Copper as Cu <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 1.5 (mg/l) Fluoride (as F) 1.42 1.55 1.35 1.36 1.35 1.31 1.0 1.5
Free Residual BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.2 1.0 Chlorine Iron (as Fe) 0.164 0.209 0.176 0.158 0.243 0.212 0.3 No Relaxation
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Magnesium 56.77 60.80 68.62 66.74 62.79 63.59 30 100 (as Mg) Manganese BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.1 0.3 (as Mn) Nitrate (as 32.98 39.43 34.76 32.98 36.86 43.9 45 No Relaxation NO3) Selenium (as <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 No Relaxation Se) Silver (as Ag) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.1 No Relaxation
Sulphate (as 154.5 187.5 187.09 173.9 168.0 200 400 SO4) 153.34 Sulphide(as BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05 No Relaxation H2S) Alkalinity ( 328.0 339.0 338.0 335.0 315.0 321.0 200 600 asCaCO3) Total 301.0 321.0 361.0 357.0 338.0 343.0 200 600 Hardness (as CaCO3) Zinc (as Zn) 0.276 0.406 0.603 0.531 0.487 0.543 5.0 15 Cadmium (as BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.003 No Relaxation Cd) Cyanide (as BDL BDL BDL BDL BDsL BDL 0.05 No Relaxation CN) Lead ( as Pb) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01 No Relaxation Mercury (as BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.001 No Relaxation Hg) Nickel (as Ni) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.02 No Relaxation Arsenic (as BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01 0.05
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As)
Total BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05 No Relaxation Chromium (as
Cr)
Observation of Ground Water: pH varies from 8.94 at Village GW2 to 8.61 at GW6 in the Study period. Total hardness varies from 301 mg/l at GW1 to 361 mg/l at GW3 in the Study Period. Total dissolved solids vary from 1184 mg/l at GW2 to 998 mg/l at GW6 in the Study period.
The ground water from all sources remains suitable for drinking purposes as all the constituents are within the limits prescribed by drinking water standards promulgated by Indian Standards IS: 10500. Fluorides and nitrates are within the permissible limits. Most of the parameter in ground water sources are well within the permissible limits as per IS:10500-1991, Drinking Water Standards.
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3.13.5 Analysis Report of Surface Water Quality The Quality of surface water was studied by collecting 3 water samples from représentative River, upstream and down stream. The physico-chemical characterstics of surface water samples presented in bellow table. TABLE 3.15: ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SURFACE WATER
S. S.W. 1 S.W. 2 S.W. 3 Parameter Unit No. Upstream Project site Downstream 1 pH - 7.59 7.64 7.49 2 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 7.2 6.9 6.7 3 BOD (3 Days at 27 °C) mg/l 2.0 3.0 2.0 4 Free Ammonia (as N) mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 5 Sodium Adsorption Ratio - 3.39 2.68 3.08 6 Boron mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 7 Conductivity µmhos/cm 314 371 323 8 Turbidity NTU 5 7 6 9 Magneesium hardness (as mg/l 26 33 29 CaCO3) 10 Total Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/l 81 89 82 11 Chloride (as Cl) mg/l 24 35 28 12 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l 25 27 24 13 Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l 3 5 5
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14 Fluoride (as F) mg/l 0.4 0.5 0.4 15 Sodium (as Na) mg/l 32 36 33 16 Potassium (as K) mg/l 1.5 2.1 1.6 17 TKN (as N) mg/l 0.4 0.6 0.5 18 Total Phosphorous (as P) mg/l 0.07 0.09 0.09 19 COD mg/l 8 10 9 20 Phenolic compounds (as mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 C6H5OH) 21 Iron (as Fe) mg/l 0.12 0.45 0.11 22 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 0.08 0.13 0.11 23 Arsenic (as As) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 24 Mercury (as Hg) mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 25 TDS mg/l 189 223 201 Microbiological Parameters 1 Total Coliform MPN/100ml 400 700 900 2 Faecal Coliform MPN/100ml 170 260 320
A review of the above chemical analysis that there is some variation in chemical composition of water tapped from different open wells, tube wells and hand pumps, but the ground water from all sources remains suitable for drinking purposes as all the constituents are within the limits prescribed for drinking water standards promulgated by Indian standard IS:10500.
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3.14 TRAFFIC STUDY Traffic analysis is carried out by understanding the existing carrying capacity of the roads near to the project site and the connecting main roads in the area. Then depending on the capacity of the mine, the number of tractor trolleys that will be added to the present scenario will be compared to the carrying capacity. The roads connect from the mine site to SH-21A (Passing through Mine Lease Area) & SH-59 km in west direction. These roads may be reinforced to facilitate easy and smooth movement of heavy duty trucks/tractor trolleys.
During mine operation Proposed Capacity of mine/annum : 25, 00,000 TPA
No. of working days : 280 days
Proposed Capacity of mine/day : 8930 TPD
Tractor trolley Capacity : 10 tonnes
No. of tractor trolley deployed/day : 892 tractor trolleys
At present the traffic load at highway is 892 trucks/trolley per day.
3.15 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 3.15.1 Biological Aspects The basic purpose to exploring the biological environment under Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is to assist in the decision making process and to ensure that the project options under consideration are bio- environmental-friendly. EIA identifies ways of improving project environmentally by preventing, minimizing, mitigating or compensating for adverse impacts before exploration and development phase. The present study on the floral assessment of the proposed project is based on field survey of the
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area supported by secondary data from various governmental and non- governmental sources. Objective of the study The objectives of this study were as follows: 1. To conduct detail study for floral/ faunal/ avifaunal elements in the study area of proposed project site. 2. To assess scheduled species in the proposed site. (Rare, endangered, critically endangered, endemic and vulnerable). 3. To identify locations and features of ecological significance 4. To collect Baseline data for the study area along with a description of the existing terrestrial, wetland and aquatic vegetation. 5. To identify Impact of proposed project before exploration and during development phase on the biological environment
3.15.2 Activities undertaken during the study 1. Flora survey - Identification and documentation of Tree, shrub, herb, climber and grass species - Analysis of scheduled taxes of the proposed site 2. Fauna survey - Identification and Documentation of Avian, Reptilian, Amphibian, Mammal and other faunal diversity - Observations by direct and indirect evidences - Analysis of Scheduled species 3. Study of Habitat/microhabitat for the faunal elements in the project site and surrounding areas within 10 km range from the site. 4. Photo documentation for flora and fauna (E – herbarium for flora). District Statics The district of Nagaur is poor in forest resources. The total area under including hills, is reported to be 240.92 Sq.kms. which is 1.3 percent of total
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geographical area of the district. Scanty rainfall & other geographical constraints account for this. The western part of the district is divided of natural vegetation cover except for low hurbs & grass which grows on low sand dunes. However, the south- eastern part of the district & part of the northern tehsil of Ladnun & Didwana have much greater greenery as compared to north-west part of the district. Khejri trees are commonly found in the district. It's leaves are used as fodder. It also gives gum. Apart from commercial value, this this tree is considered holy. The tree also plays an important role in checking soil crosion. The other common species found in the district are babul, neem, shisham, peepal, rohira, kalsi, dhangood, akara etc. Rohira & shisham trees provide timber & is used for making furniture. Dhangood is generally used for making cots. A common shrub-phog provides building material from its roots & twings. Common grass found in the district include bargers, bhambar etc. Study area The project area falls in Parbatsar Tehsil Nagaur District (Rajasthan). The topography of the study area is found to be uneven with ordinary bajri. The vegetation mostly comprises of open scrub vegetation. The study of ecology comprising of existing flora and fauna was assessed within 10 km radial distance from the Parbatsar bajri mine area. A detailed list of sampling locations studied for biological environment is presented. There is no Reserve Forest, Wildlife Sanctuary, National Parks etc. in the study area.
FOREST IN THE STUDY AREA
S. No. Forest Location Distance (km) Direction
1 Protected Forest N/v. Peelwa 9.5 km S
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Survey methodology Flora The present study on the floral assessment for the proposed project activity is based on extensive field survey of the area. The study has been conducted in winter season. The plant species were identified with the help of taxonomists of related fields and nearby Institutions. Besides the collection of plant species, information was also collected with vernacular names of plant species made by local inhabitants. In this process the whole study area was divided into different sections to get the maximum diversity of plant species. The sampling sites were selected based on land use pattern, topography and floristic composition of the study area. Data on forest type legal status and their extent in the study area has been collected from forest department. The other relevant data on bio-diversity, like economically important plant species and medicinal plant, Rare and endangered species in the study area have been collected from secondary sources like forest and wild life departments. Fauna: The study of fauna takes substantial amount of time to understand the specific faunal characteristics of the area. The assessment of fauna have been done on the bases secondary data collected from different government offices like forest department, wildlife department etc. The presence of wildlife was also confirmed from the local inhabitants depending on the animal sightings and the frequency of their visits in the project area. In addition review of secondary data was another source of information for studying the fauna of the area. In addition the following sources were also used. Sighting during ecological studies Animal call Foot mark and excreta
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Avifauna During Birds survey actual counts of birds were made following the standard survey technique. Observations were made during a walk through in the chosen transect for sighting birds. The number of birds observed in each sampling location was directly counted and listing was made. Birds were noted, counted and identified with the help of 8X40 “Optima Zenith” binocular and standard field identification guides. Forest and forest types in the study area The forest types of the study area can be classified into following groups in accordance with “Survey of Forest Types of India” by Champion and Seth (1968) Tropical Thorn Forests, Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests 1) Tropical Thorn Forests Tropical thorn forests are found in arid and semi-arid regions of western Rajasthan. These extend from western Indo -Park border and gradually merge with the dry deciduous mixed forests of the Aravalli hills and the south-eastern plateau. The main species found in this kind of forests are Acacia nilotica, Acacia leucophloea, Prosopis cineraria, Capparis aphylla, Zizyphus spp., Flacourtia spp. etc. 2) Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests The main species found in this kind of forests are Anogeissus pendula, Anogeissus latifolia, Acacia catechu, Terminalia tomentosa, Terminalia balerica, Terminalia arjuna, Boswellia serrata, Dendrocalamus strictus, Lanea grandis and its associates Floral Investigation Core zone (ML area) The core area for the purpose comprises mining lease area of 415.07 Hect. The proposed project is River Bed mining of ordinary bajri. The major rivers of the proposed lease are Luni River.
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Most of the area in core zone is covered with bajri and during discussion with villagers it was noted that water remains only for few days in the rainy season otherwise the river bed remains dry throughout the year. As the lease area is covered with bajri very few plants were observed in the lease area. Some Acacia species were observed in small patches in the lease area. Dense patches of Grass species were observed throughout lease area. The core zone is restricted to mine leases and scattered thorny vegetation. Some agriculture fields are also present around the Bajri mining area. The mine owners have planted some tree species around their lease area to create green belt. The species observed during survey are Azadirachta indica, Dalbergia sisoo, Albizzia lebbeck, Ficus religiosa, Mangifera indica, Ailanthus excels etc. Buffer zone (10 km Study area) The buffer zone of the study area is dominated by barren land with thorny vegetation. Most of the area around human settlement and the roadside have good vegetation. The common species found to exist in the area are Azadirachta indica Ficus benghalensis, Ficus religiosa, Mangifera indica, Prosopis cineraria, Acacia catechu, Salvadora oleoides, Salvadora persica, Albizia lebbeck, Ailanthus excels, Calotropis giganta, Prosopis juliflora, Zizyphus xylopyra Tephrosia perpuria, Tinospora cordifolia, Tribulus species etc. The agriculture fields mainly consist of plantation of Bajra, Jowar, Sesamum, and Red chillies.
Medicinal Plants Medicinal plants have played an essential role in the development of human culture, for example religions and different ceremonies. Many of the modern medicines are produced indirectly from medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are most important resource for the traditional medicine & herbal industry and they are also a source of livelihood.
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Mammals Faunal diversity provides a characterization of the project site and interconnections with respect to the wildlife and wildlife habitats that either occurs on or within the vicinity of the project site. The site characterization is based on surveys conducted in January 2014, supplemented by available data from the State/Central Forest Officials, observations during site visit and enquiring the local people. The diversity of fauna basically depends upon density and diversity of flora. The richer the diversity among the flora better will be the diversity in fauna. Wildlife present in the study area was identified through a combination of direct observation and indirect indicators including vocalizations and signs (e.g., scat, tracks). Wildlife surveys were conducted concurrently with the plant community assessment. The study area consists of dry and thorny vegetation. Present conditions of the area do not support higher mammals. On the basis of information collected from local people, Indian Hare (Lepus nigricollis), House Mouse (Mus musculus), Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus), Common mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii), Squirrel (Funambulus palmarum) are present in study area. The list of faunal elements recorded from (mammals, birds, and reptile) visual observations during site visit and on the basis of information collected from local peoples is depicted in below table. Avifauna Birds are often used as a biological model because they are good ecological indicators and they are easily observable. Moreover, trends that hold for birds may hold for other species of wildlife as well. Diversity of avifauna is one of the most important ecological indicators to evaluate the quality of habitats. Now-a-days, avifaunal diversity has been decreasing due to the destruction of natural habitats and human disturbances. Birds are essential animal group of an ecosystem and maintain a trophic level. Therefore, detail study on avifauna and their ecology is important to protect them.
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Birds are the bio-indicators of different status of environment like urbanization, industrialization and human disturbance. They are one of the best indicators of ecosystem. The areas having good bird diversity signifies healthy forest. They can be sensitive indicators of pollution problems and function as early warning system. The avifauna was found to be mostly distinctive to the habitat which consisted of a combination of hilly terrain, agricultural fields and barren land. The total diversity was found to be less. During survey, birds like Pigeons, Doves, Crows, Peafowl, Myna, Sparrows, Bulbuls, Babblers and Eurasian Collared Dove are observed in and around mine leases and villages. A detailed List of bird Species observed in the study area is given in below table. TABLE 3.16 LIST OF FLORAL SPECIES OBSERVED IN THE STUDY AREA Sr. No. Botanical Name Local Name Family 1. Abrus precatorius Chirmi Fabaceae 2. Acacia catechu Khair Fabaceae 3. Acacia farnesiana Gandi babul Mimoseceae Kala 4. Albizia lebbeck Fabaceae Siras 5. Acacia nilotica Desi Babool Fabaceae 6. Acacia tornilis Israli Babool Fabaceae 7. Acacia leucophloea Urajio Fabaceae 8. Acacia jaquimontii Bhoo banwal Fabaceae 9. Achyranthes aspera Andhi Jado Amaranthaceae 10. Ackyranthes aspara Andhijhara Amaranthaceae 11. Aegle marmelos Bil patara Rutaceae 12. Aena Javanica Safed bui Amaranthaceae
13. Aloe vera Gwar Patha Xanthorrhoeaceae
14. Albezzia lebbeck Shirish Fabaceae
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15. Anogeissus pendula Dhok Combretaceae 16. Aristida funiculate Lampdo Poaceae 17. Azadirachta indica Neem Meliaceae 18. Barleria indica Vigradanti Acantheceae 19. Barleria priontis Bhharadanti Acanthaceaae 20. Bauhinia racemosa Kachnar Caesalpiniceae 21. Boerhavi diffusa Chinawari Nyctaginaceae 22. Cassia aungustifolia Senna Caesalpinaceae 23. Cassia fistula Amaltas Fabaceae 24. Cenchrus biflorus Bhurat Poaceae Clerondendrum 25. Arni Verbenaceae phlomidis 26. Crotalaria burhia Senia Fabaceae 27. Commiphora wightii Guggal Burseraceae Cymbopogon 28. Chidi Bejro Poaceae Jawarancosa 29. Cynodon dactylon Motha Poaceae Dactlyoctnium 30. Zirni grass Poaceae sindicum 31. Dalbegia sissoo Shisham Fabaceae 32. Eleusine compressa Tantia Poaceae 33. Fagonia cretica Dhamasa Fabaceae 34. Ficus benghalensis Vad Moraceae 35. Ficus religiosa Pipal Moraceae 36. Gymnema syhestre Gumsaar Asclepiadaceae 37. Indegofera cordiffolia bekario Fabaceae Anacardiac 38. Mangifera indica Aam eae 39. Maytenus emarginata Kankera Celastraceae
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40. Mimosa hamata Hamata Fabaceae 41. Oropetium thomem Surshia Poaceae 42. Oxalis carniculata Khati buti Oxalidaaceae 43. Plumbago zaylanic chitrala Plumbaginaceae 44. Prosopis cineraria Khejri Fabaceae 45. Prosopis Juliflora Vilayati Babool Fabaceae 46. Salmalia malabarica Semal Bombacaceae 47. Salvadora oleoides Mithi Jaal Salvadoraceae 48. Salvadora persica Khari Jaal Salvadoraceae 49. Sarcostemma acidum Khir Khimp Apocynaceae 50. Solanum surattense Adkuntali Solanaceae 51. Tinospora cordifolia Neem G. loya Menispermaceae Tribulus species 52. Gokhru Zygophyllaceae (rajasthanensis) 53. Tecomela undulate Rohira Bignoniaceae 54. Tephrosia purpurea Sorphanko Fabaceae 55. Tragus biflorus Bur grass Poaceae 56. Withania somnifera Asvgandha Solanaceae Shrubs and Under Shrubs Amarantha 57. Aerva javanica Bui ceae 58. Argemone Mexicana Satyanashi Papaveraceae Calligonum 59. Phog Polygonaceae polygonoides 60. Calotropis gigantean Aak Asclepiadaceae 61. Calotropis procera Akdo Asclepiadaceae 62. Capparis deciduas Kair, Karril Capparaceae 63. Echinops echinatus Oontkateli Asteraceae 64. Euphorbia caducifolia Thor Euphorbiaceae
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Leptadenia 65. Khimp Asclepiadaceae pyrotechnica 66. Ricinus communis Arandi Euphorbiaceae 67. Ziziphus oenoplia Ber Rhamnaceae 68. Zizyphus nummularia Jharber Rhamnaceae
TABLE 3.17: LIST OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN STUDY AREA
Sr. Botanical Name Common Name Family Medicinal Use No 1. Abrus Chirmi Fabaceae Uterine stimulant, precatorius abortifacient, toxic. 2. Acacia nilotica Babul Fabaceae Demulcent 3. 3. Adhatoda Adulsa Acant Expectorant, antispasmodic, vasica febrifuge haceae 4. Aegle marmelos Bel Rutaceae Stomachic, antimicrobial (specific for diarrhoea, colitis, dysentery and enteric infections), digestive, astringent, spasmolytic, hypoglycaemic 5. Albizia procera Kala Siras Mimosaceae Anti-allergic 6. Aloe Gwarpatha Liliac Purgative, Gel—topically emollient, anti-inflammatory, vera eae antimicrobial (used for wound healing, sunburn) 7. Azadirachta Neem Meliaceae Fever, Skin diseases indica 8. Bauhinia Kachnar Fabaceae Buds—a decoction is given in variegata piles (also used against tumours), haematuria, menorrhagia 9. Butea Palash Fabaceae Liver disorders monosperma
10. Calotr Mudar, apple of Asclepiadaceae Bronchial asthma, Leaves—
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Sr. Botanical Name Common Name Family Medicinal Use No opis procera* Sodom, Sodom used for treating chronic cases apple, mudar, of dyspepsia, flatulence, or osher or stabragh constipation and mucus in stool 11. Cassia fistula Amaltas Fabaceae Purgative, Febrifugal, Astringent,Antibilious 12. Cordia Gundo Boraginaceae Astringent, Demulcent, dichotoma Expectorant, Diuretic, Anthelmintic 13. Dalbergia Sisam Fabaceae Stimulant, Appetiser, latifolia Anthelmintic, Spasmogenic 14. Dendrocalamus Manvel, Bans Poaceae Retained placenta strictus 15. Emblica Aamla Euphorbiaceae Antianaemic, Anabolic, officinalis Antiemetic, Bechic, Astringent, Antihaemorrhagic, Antidiarrhoeal, Diuretic, Antidiabetic, Carminative, Antioxidant 16. Eucalyptus sp. Nilgiri Myrtaceae Antiseptic, antibiotic, antiviral, Antifungal, antispasmodic 17. Ficus religiosa Peepal Moraceae Astringent, Antiseptic, Alterative, laxative, Haemostatic 18. Ficus Bargad Moraceae Diabetes, Dysentery bengalensis 19. Jatrop Ratanjyot Eupho Used for Scabies, Ringworm, Eczema, Whitlow, Warts, ha curcas rbiaceae Syphilis 20. Madhuca indica Mahua Sapotaceae Stimulant, Demulcent, Laxative, Anthelmintic, Bechic 21. Mangifera Aam Anacardiaceae Astringent, Antiscorbutic indica 22. Moringa Mithosaragavo Moringaceae Cardiac and circulatory oleifera stimulant
23. Nycta Tamat, Oleaceae Febrifuge, Anti- nthes arbor- Harsingar inflammatory,Antispasmodic, Hypotensive, Respiratory tristis stimulant. Used for fevers,
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Sr. Botanical Name Common Name Family Medicinal Use No Rheumatism, Obstinate sciatica
24. Ocimu Vantulsi Lamiaceae Neurological and Rheumatic affections, in seminal m gratissimum weakness and in aphthae of children, Antibacterial, Antifungal
25. Pithecellobium Jungle jalebi Fabaceae Astringent, Febrifuge, dulce* Antidysenteric
26. Polyalthia Ashoka Annonaceae Febrifuge, Causes cardiac longifolia* depression
27. Tridax Kumru Asteraceae Styptic, Antidiarrhoeal, Antidysenteric procumbens 28. Syzygium Jamun Myrtaceae Acute diarrhea cumini 29. Tamarindus Imli Fabaceae Cooling, Digestive, indica Carminative, laxative, Antiscorbutic 30. Tectona grandis Sagaun Verbenaceae Expectorant, Anti- inflammatory, Antibilious, Anthelmintic 31. Terminalia Arjun Combretaceae Cardioprotective and arjuna Cardiotonic 32. Terminalia Behada Combretaceae Purgative, Astringent bellerica
TABLE 3.18 LIST OF FAUNAL SPECIES OBSERVED IN THE STUDY AREA S. Common As per WPA/ Scientific name Family No. Name 1972
1. Boselaphus tragocamelus Nilgai (Blue Bovidae Schedule III bull) 2. Canis aureus Jackal Canidae Schedule II 3. Funambulus pennati Squirrel Sciuridae Schedule IV 4. Vulpes bengalensis Indian fox Canidae Schedule II
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S. Common As per WPA/ Scientific name Family No. Name 1972
5. He rpestes javanicus mongoose Herpestidae Schedule IV 6. Lepus nigricollis Hare Leporidae Schedule IV 7. Semnopithecus entellus Hanuman Cercopithecidae Schedule II langoor 8. Rattus rattus Rat Muridae Schedule V Reptiles 9. Chipka Calotes versicolor* Agamidae Not Enlisted li
TABLE 3.19: LIST OF AVIFAUNAL SPECIES OBSERVED IN THE STUDY AREA Schedule as per S. No. Scientific Name Common Name Family WPA 1972 1. Acridotheres tristis Indian Myna Sturnidae Schedule IV 2. Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret Ardeidae Schedule IV 3. Columba livia Blue rock pigeon Columbidae Schedule IV 4. Corvus splendens House crow Corvidae Schedule IV 5. Franeolinus Gray partidage Phasianidae Schedule IV pondercerianus 6. Merops orientalis Green bee-eater Meropidae Schedule IV 7. Passer domesticus House sparrow Passerinae Schedule IV 8. Saxicoloides fulicata Indian robin Turdinae Schedule IV 9. Streptopelia decaocto Indian ring dove Columbidae Schedule IV 10. Streptopelia Little brown dove Columbidae Schedule IV senegalensis
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11. Tringa hypoleueos common Sandpiper Schedule IV sandpiper 12. Turdoides caudatus Common babbler Timalimae Schedule IV 13. Pycnonetus cafer Red vented Pycnonotidae Schedule IV bulbul 14. Dicrurus admimilbs Black Drongo Dicruridae Schedule IV 15. Copsychus Saularis Magpie Robin Corvidae Schedule IV 16. Miscicapa parva Red breasted Muscicapidae Schedule IV Flycatcher 17. Streptopelia decaocto Eurasian Columbidae Schedule IV Collared Dove
Source: Survey during site visit Public Consultation
Greenbelt Development As per the mining plan of total 7.8 ha land area should developed as part of green belt in next years, it is recommended that plantation should be done along the peripheral areas and open spaces in the buffer zone of the proposed project site. This will help to reduce the noise pollution; dust spread and also enhances the aesthetic value around the project site. It is proposed to carry out afforestation over 7.8 hectares of land in the area by the end of lease period. This includes afforestation along statutory barrier also. Plantation will be done at the rate of 7800 saplings per hectare. In the ensuing five year it is proposed to plant over 7.8 hectares area with 7800 saplings. The expected rate survival is assumed at 80%. To improve the survival rate in the adverse climate condition necessary consultation would be taken from the Forest department. Proposed plantation area shall be fenced properly for
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improving the survival rate. Plantation will be carried out in the lease area in phased manner. Criteria for selection of species for greenbelt The plant species suitable for greenbelt development need to be selected based on the following criteria: Fast growing Thick canopy cover Perennial and evergreen Large leaf area index High sink potential Guidelines for plantation The plant species identified for greenbelt development should be planted using dug-pit technique. The pit size should be in between 45 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm to 60 cm x 60 cm x 60 cm depending on the soil quality. Soil proposed to be used for filling the pit should be mixed with well decomposed farm yard manure or sewage sludge at the rate of 3.6 kg (on dry weight basis).The filling of soils should be completed at least 5-10 days before the actual plantation. Healthy seedlings of identified species should be planted in each pit. Proper density of plants (no. per hectare) should be maintained within the greenbelt. The minimum distance between two plantations should be dependent on the choice of species and compatibility of different species to grow together. The distance should be in between 2.5m to 5m for plantation in greenbelt. Roadside plantation Minimum of two rows of plants are required for plantation on roadside to minimize the pollution effects. While planting, care should be taken to ensure that plants in second row fall in between the two plants of first row. Selection of plant species Keeping in view the climatic condition status of soil and vegetation types the following plant species are suitable for plantation for the proposed project
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site, also advised will be taken from Forest Department. Plant species for green belt development are given in Table 3.20. TABLE 3.20 LIST OF PLANT SPECIES FOR GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT S Scientific Common Family Sensiti Hab Gro Regenerati Evergre r. Name Name ve / it wth on en / N Tolera rate Deciduo o. nt us 1. Acacia Khair Mimoseae T Shr Quic By seed Evergre catechu ub k en grow ing 2. Acacia Babul Mimoseae T Tre Quic By seed Evergre farnesiana e k en grow ing 3. Acacia Indian Mimoseae T Tre Quic By seed Evergre nilotica Gum e k en grow ing 4. Aegle Bell tree Rutaceae T Tre Quic By seed & Evergre marmelos e k root en grow cutting ing 5. Albizia Siris Mimoseae T Tre Quic By seed Deciduo chinensis e k us grow ing 6. Albizia Siran Mimoseae T Tre Quic By seed Deciduo lebbeck e k us grow ing 7. Albizia Subabul Mimoseae T Tre Quic By seed Evergre moluccana e k en grow ing 8. Albizia White Mimoseae T Tre Quic By seed Deciduo procera Siris e k us grow ing 9. Anthocephal Kadamba Rubiaceae T Tre Quic By seed Deciduo us chinensis e k us grow ing
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S Scientific Common Family Sensiti Hab Gro Regenerati Evergre r. Name Name ve / it wth on en / N Tolera rate Deciduo o. nt us 10. Artocarpus Kathal Urticacea T Tre Slow By seed Evergre heterophyllu e e ing en s grow ing 11. Azadirachta Neem Meliaceae T Tre Quic By seed Evergre indica e k en grow ing after 1st seas on 12. Bambusa Bamboo Poaceae T Shr Quic By cuttings Deciduo arundinacia ub k us grow ing 13. Bambusa The Poaceae T Shr Quic Cuttings vulgaris golden ub k bamboo grow ing 14. Bauhinia Kanchan Caesalpin T tree Quic By seeding Deciduo acuminate aceae /shr k us ub grow ing 15. Bauhinia Kanchan Caesalpin T Tre Quic By seeds varigata aceae e k grow ing 16. Butea Palas Fabaceae T Tre Quic By seeds Deciduo monosperma e k us grow ing 17. Callistemon Battle Myrtacea T Tre Slow By seeds Evergre citrinus brush e e grow cutting en ing 18. Citrus Nebu Rutaceae T Tre Quic By seeds, Evergre aurantium e/ k Stem en shr grow cutting ub ing 19. Cordia Chota Cordiacea T Tre Quic By seeds, Evergre
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S Scientific Common Family Sensiti Hab Gro Regenerati Evergre r. Name Name ve / it wth on en / N Tolera rate Deciduo o. nt us dichotoma losora e e k Stem en grow cutting ing after 1st year 20. Dalbergia Sissoo Mod By seeds, Evergre sissoo erate Root & en duri Slum ng cuttings 1st year and rapi d after ward s 21. Derris indica Karanja Fabaceae T Tre Quic By seeds Evergre e k en grow ing 22. Diospyros Tendu Ebenacea T Tre Slow By seeds, Evergre melanoxylon e e grow Root en ing suckers 23. Emblica Awala Euphorbi T Tre Quic By seeds, Deciduo officinalis aceae e k cuttings, us grow budding, ing inarching 24. Ficus Bargad Moraceae T Tre Quic By cutting Evergre benghalensis e k seeds en grow ing 25. Ficus Pipal Moraceae T Tre Quic Through Evergre religiosa e k seeds, en grow cutting ing 26. Grewia Phalsa Tiliaceae T Shr Quic By seeds Evergre subinequalis ub k en grow
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S Scientific Common Family Sensiti Hab Gro Regenerati Evergre r. Name Name ve / it wth on en / N Tolera rate Deciduo o. nt us ing 27. Lantana Lantana Verbenac T Shr Quic By seeds, Evergre camara eae ub k cuttings en grow ing 28. Lawsonia Mehandi Lythracea T Shr Quic By seeds, Evergre inermis e ub k cuttings en grow ing 29. Madhuca Mahwa Sapotacea Quic By seeds Deciduo longifolia e k us grow ing 30. Mangifera Mango Anacardia T Tre Quic By seeds, Evergre indica ceae e k transplant en grow ation, ing grafting, after budding, 1st air year layering, root cutting, marcutting 31. Nerium Kaner Apocynac T Shr Quic By Cutting Evergre indicum eae ub k en grow ing 32. Polyalthia Ashok Ananacea S Tre Quic Through Evergre longifolia e e k seeds en grow (fresh) ing 33. Prosopis Vilayati Mimosace T Tre Quic By seeds, Evergre chilensis kikkar ae e k root sucker en grow ing 34. Prosopis Khejri Mimosace T Tre Quic By seeds, cineraria ae e k root sucker grow ing 35. Psidium Amrud Myrtacea T Tre Quic By seeds, Evergre
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S Scientific Common Family Sensiti Hab Gro Regenerati Evergre r. Name Name ve / it wth on en / N Tolera rate Deciduo o. nt us guayava e e k stem, en grow cutting, ing budding, grafting 36. Ricinus Erandi Euphorbi T Shr Quic By seeds, Evergre communis aceae ub k en grow ing 37. Saraca asoka Ashok Caesalpin T Tre Quic By seed Evergre aceae e k en grow ing 38. Tamarindus Imli Caesalpin T Tre Quic By seed Evergre indica aceae e k en grow ing (Earl y) 39. Tectona Teak Verbenac T Tre Quic By seeds Deciduo grandis eae e k us grow ing 40. Terminalia Arjuna Combreta T Tre Quic By seeds, Deciduo arjuna ceae e k Cutting us grow ing 41. Zizyphus Ber Rhamnac T Tre Quic By seeds Evergre mauritiana eae e k en grow ing 42. Zizyphus Katber Rhamnac T Sta Quic By seeds Evergre xylopyra eae ggle k en r grow shr ing ub Source: “Guideline for Developing Greenbelt” Central pollution Control Board, Program objective series PROBES/75/1999-2000
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3.15 LAND ENVIRONMENT 3.15.1 Land use of Study Area (Buffer Zone) The total and of the study area is divided into following categories:- i. Water bodies ii. Land without scrub iii. Crop Land iv. Agriculture plantation v. Fallow Land vi. Habitation vii. River viii. Land with scrub 3.15.1.1 DATA INPUT IRS LISS3 Multispectral digital FCC (False Color Composite) data from NRSC Bhuwan Portal has been used for preparation of Land use/ Land cover thematic map of study area. Project site mine plan map & Google maps and
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Toposheet has been used as a reference map for preparation of base layer map like road, rail network, project site boundary, landmarks point etc.
Technical Details Satellite Image IRS LISS3 Band Combination 2,3,4 DIP Software ERDAS Imagine 9.2 & Arc GIS 9
3.15.1.2 METHODOLOGY Land use / Land cover map preparation, Base map creation; and Geometric correction of satellite image has been processed using ERDAS Imagine 9.2 Software. The methodology used for Land use pattern of study area is explained in following headings.
3.15.1.3 GEOREFERENCING OF TOPOMAPS SOI toposheet has been geo-referenced in geographic lat/long coordinate system using ERDAS Imagine Software.
3.15.1.4 BASE MAP LAYER CREATION Project site mine plan map & Google maps and geo-referenced toposheet has used as a reference map for base layer creation. In base layer linear, polygon and point feature like road, rail, canal, village location and project site have been created in vector data format. Base map layer information has been used for analysis of surrounding feature like road, rail, and village location near project site activity through superimposed on thematic map for data integration.
3.15.1.5 INTERPRETATION OF SATELLITE IMAGE Hybrid technique has been used i.e. visual interpretation and digital image processing for identification of different land use and vegetation cover classes
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based on spectral signature of geographic feature. Spectral signature represents various land use class. Image interpretation keys are developed, based on image characteristics like color, tone, size, shape, texture, pattern, shadow, association etc, which enables interpretation of satellite images for ground feature.
For validation of Land Use Plan Ground truth data on geographic features of the study area has been collected by site visit to the area for verification of information of the different doubtful features of the study areas, which were found to be responsible for the occurrence of specific spectral reflectance behavioral patterns. Ground truth data has been carried out for verification of the ground features (esp. one in doubt) interpretation accuracy and reliability of remotely sensed data.
CONCLUSION All vector layer superimposed on land use land cover map for final map composition and used for analysis and study of area.
3.15.1.6 Agricultural Yield of the Study Area Agricultural practice is the main source of income of the study area. The major field crops grown are Soyabean, Maize, Coriander, Wheat, Rapeseed, Mustard, Urd, Gram etc. Horticulture crops – Orange, Mango, Guvava, Lime, Papaya etc. Horticulture crops vegetable – Cauliflower, Garlic, Onion, Brinjal, Tomato, Medicinal and Aromatic crops – Ashwagandha, Rose, Fodder crops Chari Jawar, Chari Maize, Lucerne, Berseem etc. The land use of study area is given as under:- TABLE 3.23: LAND USE PATTERN BASED ON SATELLITE IMAGE S.no. Class Names Area (Ha.) % (Area ) i Water bodies 221.95 0.325
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ii Land without scrub 2782.28 4.093 iii Crop Land 197.57 0.29 iv Agriculture Plantation 17.68 0.02 v Fallow Land 613.94 0.903 vi Habitation 244.85 0.37 vii River 844.38 1.24 viii Land with scrub 63062.75 92.75 Total 67985.4 100 Refer Figure 3.7: Land use Pattern of the Study Area. Refer Figure 3.8: Satellite Image of the Study Area
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FIGURE 3.7: LAND USE PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA.
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3.15.2 Land use of Applied Lease area (Core Zone) The applied lease area of 415.07 hect. has undulate topography with minimum and maximum elevation of the leasehold area, above mean sea level are 416m AMSL and 396m AMSL respectively. No forest land is involved in the core zone. The summarized details of the type of and covered in the applied lease area is indicated in below Table. TABLE 3.24: LAND USE PATTERN-EXISTING & UP TO END OF LEASE PERIOD (5 YEAR) All figures in Hect. Sl. No. Type of Land Use Pre-operational Operational phase (in Ha) Phase 1 Quarry Area 3.65 0.00 2 Infrastructure (road/ material 1.68 1.68 handing / stockyard) 3 River bed (Mined and Natural 0.0 260.00 reclamation by born water born sediments) 6 Habitation 0.00 0.00 7 Soil dump 0.00 0.00 8 OB dump 0.00 0.00 Water Body 0.00 0.00 9 Undisturbed land 409.74 153.39 Total 415.07 415.07
It is river bed mining project. River bed will be excavated upto a depth of 3m thickness leaving statutory barrier. Material will be replenished every year during the Monsoon. So no change in form of dig will occur. Applied Lease area will change in form of plantation done during the year.
Applicant – Sher Singh River Bed Mining of Ordinary Sand (Bajri) 133
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3.16 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
3.16.1 Reconnaissance The project area falls in Tehsil Parbatsar, district Nagaur, State Rajasthan.
3.16.2 Baseline Status Baseline information on the socio-economic environment was collected within 10 km radius surrounding the proposed study area. The process related database thus generated includes:
Demographic structure
Economic structure
Health status
Public awareness and their concern about the project
The primary socio economic data was collected through field survey in sample villages in study area as well as the observations by the survey team. It has been subs tainted with relevant socioeconomic data from secondary sources of various official records. viz., Census records, District statistical abstract, district health office, District industry center tourism office etc.
Socio- economic survey done with Household survey, group discussion, Government official authority and village leaders.
3.16.2.1 Demographic Structure The details concerning the demographic structure of the study area was collected from Census record of Nagaur district from Rajasthan State, 2011 census. The details about demographic structure is given in Table 3.25, literacy details in Table 3.26 and summary of demographic information is given in Table 3.27
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TABLE 3.25: DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE Sr. No Village No_ TOT_P TOT_M P_06 M_06 F_06 F_SC P_ST Name HH TOT_F Sub district Degana 1. Maharana 354 1839 927 912 238 117 121 211 0 Sub district Parbatsar 2. Bassi 403 2185 1121 1064 342 175 167 646 0 3. Jhalra 287 1544 807 737 213 125 88 247 0 4. Chitawa 355 2102 1084 1018 338 176 162 697 0 5. Gunawati 207 1222 638 584 165 81 84 186 4 6. Bhawani Gaon 145 681 338 343 112 53 59 178 0 7. Dhadhi Khera 17 76 42 34 12 7 5 0 0 8. Bhootas 72 330 172 158 32 17 15 99 0 9. Peeh 1168 6620 3390 3230 1104 558 546 1391 1 10. Bhadsiyan 401 2090 1070 1020 287 162 125 296 0 Total 3055 16850 8662 8188 2605 1354 1251 3740 5 Grand Total 3409 18689 9589 9100 2843 1471 1372 3951 5
Source: Primary census abstract 2011, district Nagaur, State Rajasthan
TABLE 3.26: LITERACY DETAILS Sr. No Village Name P_LIT M_LIT F_LIT P_ILL M_ILL F_ILL Sub District Degana 1. Maharana 887 571 316 952 356 596 Sub district Parbatsar 2. Bassi 1061 687 374 1124 434 690 3. Jhalra 669 458 211 875 349 526 4. Chitawa 1034 663 371 1068 421 647 5. Gunawati 651 429 222 571 209 362 6. Bhawani Gaon 291 192 99 390 146 244 7. Dhadhi Khera 38 27 11 38 15 23 8. Bhootas 183 117 66 147 55 92 9. Peeh 3181 2014 1167 3439 1376 2063 10. Bhadsiyan 1065 681 384 1025 389 636 Total 8173 5268 2905 8677 3394 5283 Grand Total 9060 5839 3221 9629 3750 5879 Source: Primary census abstract 2011, district Nagaur, State Rajasthan
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TABLE 3.25: DEMOGRAPHIC SUMMARY Demographic Parameters Details
No of States 1 No. of District 1 No of Talukas 2 Total No. of Households 3409 Total Population 18689 Sex ratio (No. of female\ 1000 males) 949 Scheduled castes (%) 3951(21%) Scheduled Tribes (%) 5(0.02%) Literate (%) 9060 (48%) Main Worker 6633(36%) Marginal Worker 1521(8%) Non Worker 10535 (56%) Source: Primary census abstract 2011, district Nagaur, State Rajasthan
The salient features are as follows:
Total population of the region as per 2011 census is 18689 out of which 9589 are male and 9100 are female shown in Fig 3.10
Series1, TOT_P, 18689 Population Details No_HH TOT_P TOT_M
Series1,Series1, TOT_F, TOT_F TOT_M, 9589 9100 P_06 M_06
Series1, P_SC,F_06 Series1, Series1, P_06, 3951 No_HH, 3409 P_SC 2843Series1, M_06,Series1, F_06, P_ST 1471 1372 Series1, P_ST, 5
FIG 3.10 POPULATION DETAILS IN THE STUDY AREA
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Total household are 3409 with a family size of 5
Literacy rate of the population in the study area is 9060 (48%). Literate and illiterate populaton shown in Fig 3.11
Series1, P_LIT, Series1, P_ILL, 9060 9629 Literate & Illiterate Population
P_LIT Series1, M_LIT, Series1, F_ILL, 5839 5879M_LIT F_LIT Series1, M_ILL, P_ILL Series1, F_LIT, 3750 3221 M_ILL F_ILL
FIG 3.11 LITERATE AND ILLITERATE POPULATION IN THE STUDY AREA
Sex ratio (number of male per thousand female) in the region is 949 this shows that male population is higher in the region as compared with the female population. sex ratio is given in Fig 3.12
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Series1, T_Male, 1000 Sex Ratio
T_Male Series1, T_Female, 949 T_Female
FIG 3.12 SEX RATIO IN THE STUDY AREA
Out of the total population Scheduled Caste 3951(21%) and Scheduled Tribe population is 5(0.02%) respectively
3.16.2.3 Economic Attributes
Economic resource base of any region mainly depends upon its economically active group i.e. the working population involved in productive work. Work- Work may be defined as participation in any economically productive activity. Such participation may be physical or mental in nature. Work involves not actual work but also effective supervision and direction of work. It also includes unpaid work on farm or in family enterprise.
The employment pattern of worker and Main worker of the study area is described below and presented in Table 3.26 & 3.27 As well as in Fig.3.11 and Fig 3.12
TABLE 3.28: EMPLOYMENT PATTERN Sr. No Village Name MAINWORK_P MARGWORK_P NON_WORK_P Sub district Degana 1. Maharana 781 107 951 Sub district Parbatsar
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2. Bassi 633 87 1465 3. Jhalra 707 90 747 4. Chitawa 740 343 1019 5. Gunawati 298 78 846 6. Bhawani Gaon 273 88 320 7. Dhadhi Khera 15 13 48 8. Bhootas 104 22 204 9. Peeh 2283 504 3833 10. Bhadsiyan 799 189 1102 Total 5852 1414 9584 Grand Total 6633 1521 10535 Source: Primary census abstract 2011, district Nagaur, State Rajasthan
TABLE 3.29: MAIN WORKER EMPLOYMENT PATTERN
Sr. No Village Name MAIN_CL_P MAIN_AL_P MAIN_HH_P MAIN_OT_P Sub district Degana 1. Maharana 345 247 34 155 Sub district Parbatsar 2. Bassi 136 77 4 416 3. Jhalra 500 63 1 143 4. Chitawa 531 108 15 86 5. Gunawati 17 2 3 276 6. Bhawani Gaon 86 152 6 29 7. Dhadhi Khera 1 8 0 6 8. Bhootas 41 3 0 60 9. Peeh 722 1059 75 427 10. Bhadsiyan 547 89 23 140 Total 2581 1561 127 1583 Grand Total 2926 1808 161 1738
Source: Primary census abstract 2011, district Nagaur, State Rajasthan
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Employment Pattern
36% MAINWORK_P MARGWORK_P 56% NON_WORK_P
8%
Fig 3.13 Employment Pattern in the study area
26% MAIN_CL_P 44% MAIN_AL_P MAIN_HH_P 3% MAIN_OT_P
27%
Fig 3.14 Main Worker employment Pattern in the study area
Main worker population is 6633(36%), 1521(8%) comes under marginal worker category and 10535(56%) belong to non workers category.
Main other workers are 1738 (26%). and main cultivators workers are 4819(44%)
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There are 1808(27%) and 161(3%) workers as agriculture and house hold industry worker
3.16.3 Socio-economic Survey 3.16.3.1 Sampling Method A judgmental and purposive sampling method was used for choosing respondents of various sections of the society i.e. Sarpanch, adult males and females, teachers, medical practitioners, businesspersons, agriculture laborers, fishermen, unemployed group etc. Judgmental and purposive sampling method includes the right cases from the total population that helps to fulfill the purpose of research needs.
Data Collection Method Data collection is a term used to describe a process of preparing and collecting data, for example, as part of a process improvement or similar project. The purpose of data collection is to obtain information to keep on record, to make decisions about important issues, to pass information on to others. Primarily, data are collected to provide information regarding a specific topic. Data collection usually takes place early on in an improvement project, and is often formalized through a data collection plan which often contains the following activity.
Field Survey and Observations Field research involves the collection of primary data or information that is new. This is collected through surveys and questionnaires that are made out specifically for a purpose Observations can be conducted on nearly any subject matter and the kinds of observations will do depend on survey question.
Interview Method Interview is verbal questioning. Surveys are also conducted through interviews. Interviews consist of asking questions, listening to individuals and recording their responses. At times, you may find it more profitable to ask questions to a few individuals instead of carrying out a large-scale
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questionnaire based survey. The interview can be done very informally, e.g. as conversations with people met in the fields, co-operative stores or block offices. In these settings, one question leads to the next based on. The responses given to the previous one. At the other end of the scale, highly structured interviews often rely on questionnaires or interview schedules with mostly closed-ended questions that allow the respondents only a limited range of possible answers. Structured interview method is used to collect data regarding the awareness and opinion from the sample selected of the various socio- economic sections of the community. The questionnaire mainly highlights the parameters of primary needs.
The interview method has the advantage that almost all perfect sample of the general population can be reached and respond to the approach. Interview method helps to collect more correct and accurate information as the interviewer is present during the field survey.
Socio-economic survey was conducted in villages of tehsil parbatsar within the study area located in all directions with reference to the project site.
The respondents were asked for their awareness/opinion about the project and their opinion about the impacts of the project, which is an important aspect of socio-economic environment, viz. job opportunities, education, health care, transportation facility and economic status.
The salient observations recorded during survey in the study area: According to survey done in the study area, survey observation as per below: In the study area main occupation of villagers is agricultural work, labour work and small business Most of the houses are in semi pakka form Roads are well connected with district place Farmers are depend on mainly monsoon for agricultural activity Communication facility is good with mobile network and transportation facility
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All villages are well electrified and used for all purposes Main language in study area is Rajasthani as well as Hindi is widely spoken by population Mainly firewood is used by villagers for cooking purpose. Other sources are LPG, kerosene etc.
3.5.3.2 Awareness and Opinion Awareness is the state or ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious of events, objects or sensory patterns. In general, an opinion is a subjective belief, and is the result of emotion or interpretation of facts. An opinion may be supported by an argument, although people may draw opposing opinions from the same set of facts. For assessing the awareness and opinion about the project activity socio-economic survey was conducted in the sampling villages. The salient observations drawn through survey are described below:
The respondents from almost all the villages are aware about the project activity. Some of the respondents have very good opinion about the project and they opined that due to proposed project activity, quality of life of the villages will improve Respondent have suggested minimizing the environmental pollution during and after project activity Respondents asked to give employment to local people Villagers asked better infrastructure facility
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CHAPTER – IV ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 INTRODUCTION Any human activity in any environment produces impact, modifying it to a status which is considered adverse or beneficial according to the damage or improvement it brings about in physical, chemical and biological status of air, water, land including biota and in socio-cultural life styles and economy of the populace it affects. Depending on the nature of activities and existing status, the impacts are assessed for their importance. On the basis of the impact analysis, the mitigating action and future monitoring requirement are focused in the Environmental Management Plan for counting or minimizing adverse impacts.
Effects of this mining project on each of the environmental parameters are detailed below in accordance with the parameter of environment likely to be affected. - Climate - Air environment - Land environment - Ecology - Water environment - Noise levels - Soil - Socio-economic environment - Cultural and Heritage environment
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Generally, the environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts are those which can be attributed directly to the project. On the indirect or induced and typically include the associated investments and change patterns of social and economic by the proposed actions.
4.2 TOPOGRAPHY & DRAINAGE 4.2.1 Topography Topography of the surrounding area will remain unchanged. No change in topography of applied mining lease area, beacause due to removal of sand, temporary pits will be generated and it will be replenished during the monsoon.
4.2.2 Drainage Drainage pattern of the area is dendritic. The applied lease area is part of Luni river & their connected nallahs. The drainage pattern of the lease area is from east to west direction. Systematic mining i.e. removal of sand will be done as per approved mining plan. So there will be no impact on the drainage pattern.
Mitigation Measures The mine working will be confined to river bed only and in no case disturbing any surface area outside which may affect topography or drainage. Proposed Mining blocks for removal of sand will change the topography of river bed on temporary basis, which will be temporary and in monsoon itself will be restored to original position. Mining will be done in a planned way i.e. removal and collection of minerals/working shall be started from the center part and then laterally in 3 meter thickness, so that the river course will not get affected. Unwanted material including mineral or spillage (if any) will not be stacked on the bank side as it will hinder the flow of water in monsoon season. The removal and collection of sand from river bed will not have any impact on natural drainage of surrounding area as the removed Bajri from river bed is filled with flow in river during monsoon season.
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4.4 IMPACTS ON CLIMATE 4.4.1 Temperature The temperature pattern is a regional behavior and is not likely to be affected by the river bed mining activity over a small area. Some local effect may be perceived due to mining, afforestation and creation of voids in the applied lease area. 4.4.2 Rainfall The trend of rainfall, as studied and discussed in last chapter, forms part of a regional pattern, not dependent on the relatively small area of river bed mining activity. The mining operation, therefore, is not likely to have any adverse impact on rainfall pattern. 4.4.3 Wind Speed The wind speed in any area is dependent upon local topography and generation of elevation and depression of pressure changes in the region. The controlling factors for the pressure changes lie much beyond the control of small area under mining operations. Thus, no adverse impact on the regional wind speed is anticipated due to the mining operations. However, some local ground level changes may take place due to the buildings, green belt developed around the mine, etc. 4.4.4 Humidity The pattern of relative humidity depends mainly on the rainfall, wind, temperature and other weather phenomenon that regional in behavior. The mining operation is not likely to have any impact on the relative humidity in the surrounding. 4.5 IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT 4.5.1 Impact through Mathematical Modeling for Sand Mining Project As explained in the previous chapter, the ambient air quality monitoring results show that all the parameters such as PM10, SO2, and NOx are within
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the limits prescribed by CPCB for “Industrial and Mixed use” areas as well as areas meant for “Residential and Rural” areas.
The major contribution of air pollution is by river bed mining, such as excavation, loading, transportation, and handling of Bajri. This will lead to momentary rise in the particulate matter (PM10). The dust liberated in mining and other related operations is injurious to heath if inhaled in sufficient quantity.
4.5.2 Air Quality Modeling The impact of the expansion on the air quality has been predicated using Fugitive Dust Model (FDM) ,which is a computerized air quality model specifically designed for computing concentration and deposition impacts from fugitive dust sources. The sources may be point, line or area sources. The model has not been designed to compute the impacts of buoyant point sources, thus it contains no plume rise algorithm. The model is generally based on the well-known Gaussian Plume formulation for computing concentrations, but the model has been specifically adapted to incorporate an improved gradient transfer deposition algorithm. Emissions for each source are apportioned by the user into a series of particle size classes. A gravitational setting velocity and a deposition velocity are calculated by FDM for each class.
4.5.3 Pollutants / Model Options Considered for Computations
The model simulations deal with major Pollution Particulate Matter (PM10) and gaseous emissions viz. SO2 & NO2.
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4.5.4 Meteorological Data Data recorded by continuous weather monitoring station on wind speed, direction, and temperature at one hour interval for the monitoring period was used as meteorological input.
4.5.5 Presentation of result In the present case model simulations have been carried using the hourly triple joint frequency data. Short – term simulations were carried to estimate concentration at the receptors to obtain an optimum description of variations in concentrations over the site in 10-km radius covering 16 directions. The incremental concentration is estimated for the monitoring period. For each time scale, i.e. for 24 hr. the model computes the highest concentration observed during the period over all the measurement points. Dust emission rate from the applied mining area, based on the following empirical formula. a) Dust emission due to excavation: Pa x 23.6 Dust emission (DE) = ------Wd x Wh x 1000
DE = Dust emission in kg/hr. Pa = Annual Excavation in Tonnes Wd = No. of days of operation in a year Wh = Effective working hrs. in a day
About 23.6 Quantity of dust emitted in kg/for 1000 tonnes of excavation Dust emission rate= (25,00,000 x23.6)/ 300x8x1000) = 24.58 kg/hr.
The above mentioned emission rate is without adoption of dust control measures. The literature suggests that dust control measures reduce the
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emissions and effective emission rate is one third of the computed emission. Accordingly emission rate to be in the modeling is (25.85/3) i.e. 8.19 kg/hr.
Mine Dimensions The mine dimensions are as follows: Applied Area = 415.07 hectare
Meteorological Data On site hourly meteorological data for winter months (Dec 2013 to Feb. 2014) in respect of wind speed, wind direction, temperature and cloud amount are utilized in this study. The data was put in model format. The mixing heights have been extracted from CPCB publications.
Modeling Procedure Methodology: Prediction of ground level concentrations (glc’s) due to mining have been made by Industrial Source Complex, Short Term (ISCST3) as per CPCB guidelines. ISCST3 is US-EPA approved model to predict the air quality. The model uses rural dispersion and regulatory defaults options as per guidelines on air quality models (PROBES/70/1997-1998). The model assumes receptors on undulating and hilly. This model is capable of handling point, area, and line sources simultaneously.
Meteorological inputs required are hourly wind speed and direction ambient temperature, stability class, mixing height and wind exponents. The model details follow.
Gaussian Plume Model Ground Level Concentration , from a point source at any receptor under unlimited mixing is given by (USEPA ISCST3, 1987).
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Qg1g2 = (2 y zu) where, g1 = exp(-y2/2y2) g2 = exp[-(z-H)2/2z2] + exp[-(z+H)2/2z2]
In unstable or neutral conditions if z > 1.6 L (limited mixing) the distribution below the mixing height is uniform with height provided that both the effective height H, and the receptor height z are below the mixing height
Qg1 = In unstable(yLu 2 case ) or neutral conditions when z < 1.6 L
Qg1 = (2 y zu)
Where, Q = source strength Z = receptor height above the ground u = wind speed L = mixing height and y &z = dispersion parameters g3 = exp[-(z-H+2NL)2/2z2] + exp[-(z+H+2NL)2/2z2]
Evaluation with N the number of reflections, varying from –4 to +4 is usually sufficient Stability Classification Hourly stability is determined by wind direction fluctuation method as suggested by Slade(1965)and recommended by CPCB (PROBES/70/1997-1998).
= Wdr/6
, is standard deviation of wind direction fluctuation, Wdr is the overall wind direction fluctuation or width of the wind direction in degrees. The table for stability classes is given as under.
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Stability Class (degree) A > 22.5 B 22.4 – 17.5 C 17.4 – 12.5 D 12.4 – 7.5 E 7.4 – 3.5 F < 3.5
Dispersion Parameters
Dispersion parameters y and z for open country conditions (Briggs, 1974) are used as the project is located on a flat terrain in a rural area. Atmospheric dispersion coefficients vary with downwind distance (x) from emission sources for different atmospheric stability conditions. (CPCB – PROBES/70/1997-98).
Rural Conditions
Stability Class y z A 0.22x(1+0.0001x)-.5 0.20x B 0.16x(1+0.0001x)-.5 0.12x C 0.11x(1+0.0001x)-.5 0.08x(1+0.0002x).5 D 0.08x(1+0.0001x)-.5 0.06(1+0.0015x).5 E 0.06x(1+0.0001x)-.5 0.03x(1+0.0003x)-1 F 0.04x(1+0.0001x)-.5 0.16x(1+0.0003x)-1
Ambient Air Quality Standards Ambient air quality standards promulgated by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for all type of land uses for the relevant air quality parameters are as follows:
Concentration (g/m3) PM10 SO2 NOx 100 80 80
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Plan and frame work of computations
Selection of locations
The locations have been selected around the applied area covering an area of 10 km radius from the centre of applied lease area. The entire area has been put on grid network and grid spacing has been taken as 500 m.
Plan of computation
The emission rate, dispersion coefficients and other input data being now available; it was planned to compute the following:
The 24 hourly averaged incremental concentration with hourly data.
Identification of grid point having peak concentration for the incremental values.
Preparation of isopleths of for various pollutants.
Predicted ambient air quality
With a wide fluctuation in meteorological parameters it is a complex task to predict post project ambient air quality. With available ambient air quality data and incremental concentrations computed through mathematical modeling the post project ambient air quality have been predicted in Tables 4.1
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TABLE 4.1: PREDICTED AMBIENT AIR QUALITY CONCENTRATIONS IN OPERATION PHASE CUMULATIVE CONCENTRATIONS (BASELINE + INCREMENTAL) FOR PM10
S. Particular Concentration No.
1. Monitored Maximum concentrations in 64.01 µg/m3
2. Predicted incremental Maximum 0.2 concentrations in µg/m3
3. Resultant Maximum concentrations in 76.4 µg/m3
4. NAAQS (dated 2009) 100
It is clear from predicted values that concentrations in respect of PM10 are well within limits at all locations.
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FIGURE 4.1: GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATION OF AMBIENT AIR
QUALITY IN OPERATION PHASE FOR PM10
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Mitigation measures To control the emissions regular preventive maintenance of transportation vehicle will be carried out on contractual basis. Proper mitigation measures like water sprinkling will be adopted to control dust emissions. Plantation will be carried out on approach roads & nearby vicinity of river bank. It is being ensured that all transportation vehicles will carry a valid PUC certificate. There is no toxic element present in the mineral which may contaminate the soil.
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(a) During Drilling & Blasting No drilling & blasting is involved in this project. (b) During Transport Operations All the haul roads will be kept leveled, wide and compacted. Regular water spraying will be done on haul roads in the applied mining area. In order to reduce dust pollution, green belt will be developed.
4.6 IMPACT ON NOISE LEVEL The exposures to excessive noise levels can lead to: Prevention of sleep, insomnia and fatigue. Decrease in speech reception, communication, distraction and diminished concentration thus adversely affecting job performance efficiency. Chronic psychological disturbance including impaired hearing. Irreparable cardiovascular, respiratory and neuralgic damages in certain extreme cases. The area is general represents calm surroundings. There is no heavy traffic, industries or noisy habitation in the applied area. With the increase in scale of mining operations, vehicles operation and men, noise levels are expected to be increased.
Mitigation Measures Periodical monitoring of noise will be done. No other equipment’s except the transportation vehicles (tractor trolley) will be allowed. Noise generated by the transportation vehicles shall be intermittent and does not cause much adverse impact. Proper maintenance of transportation vehicles will be carried out which help in reducing noise during operations. Plantation will be taken up along the approach roads and vicinity of river bank. The plantation minimizes propagation of noise and also arrests dust.
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4.7 IMPACT ON HYDROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
The applied lease area itself being part of River Luni & their connected flow nallah. The flow of surface/ground water (sub surface flow) is following the trend of topography, which is in the East to West direction. The proposed working area remains dry for more than nine months in a year except for the rainy season. The mining of Bajri will be done up to a depth of 3mt, which will have insignificant impact on water regime.
The ground water table in the applied area is about 40 to 45m meters below the surface of river bed. It will not be disturbed as ultimate working depth will be 3.0 m from the surface level. Thus the mine operation will not affect the hydrological conditions of the area. Every year during the monsoon season, the rain water would replenish the removed material, thus it will be positive impact on the ground water scenario in the subsequent mining period.
4.8 IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY The proposed project is for removal of bajari from the river bed up to a depth of 3 mtrs only, which will not have any impact on the water quality.
Mitigation Measures Removal of sand in the area will be done well above the water table as well as river bed water level therefore; no impact on water regime is anticipated. The water table is at 15-20 m below the river bed level while the workings in the area are proposed up to a max. depth of 3m. So that water level is not touched. No waste water will be generated from the proposed activity, as the project only involves removal/collection of Bajri from river bed.
4.9 IMPACT ON FLORA (Core & Buffer Zone) 4.9.1 Impacts As the mining activities will be confined to core zone only, no adverse impact is foreseen on the flora of buffer zone.
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The proposed project involves removal/collection of sand from river bed, construction of approach road & office which will not have any impact on the flora of core zone. 4.9.2 Mitigation Measures Working will be done in such a way that it will not affect the flora. Plantation will be carried out on approach roads and nearby vicinity at river banks areas will, over a period of time, to upgrade the flora.
4.10 IMPACT ON FAUNA (Core & Buffer Zone) 4.10.1 Impact No forest land in the applied lease area. It is entirely a Govt. waste land. No impact on the fauna is anticipated as removal/collection of sand will be done in the dry part of the proposed blocks of applied area. No endangered species found in the applied lease area. 4.10.2 Mitigation Measures The impact on the fauna due to the removal/ collection of sand will be negligible. Working will be confined to core zone only by manual means and fauna in the core zone is minimal. Even so, by restricting mining at any time to small areas, impact on fauna will be kept to the minimum. However, progressive plantation activity being undertaken will over a period of time create conditions favorable for fauna.
4.11 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT 4.11.1 Land Use in Buffer Zone No adverse impact is anticipated on land use of buffer zone due to the proposed mining operations, as all the related activities are confined to the core zone.
4.11.2 Impact on land use pattern including change of river course If the mining is not carried out in a systematic manner by leaving sufficient safety barriers from bank then it may disturb the river flow/course.
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Stacking of unwanted material including mineral or spillage (if any) on the bank side of the river will hinder the flow of water in monsoon season, raise water level upstream, which may lead to bank cutting or flouting. Deviation from planned mining procedures can lead to river channel shifting as well as degradation of surrounding land, causing loss of properties and degradation of landscape. Removal/collection of sand within a river bed may have some impact on the stream’s physical characteristics, such as channel geometry, bed elevation in stream roughness of the bed, flow velocity, discharge capacity, sediment transportation capacity etc. Alteration or modification of the above attributes may cause noticeable hazardous impact on ecological equilibrium of riverine regime.
Mitigation Measures Removal/collection of sand will be done from central part of river bed and sufficient safety barrier say 10% of width will be left towards bank side. So that the river flow/course will not get disturbed. Removal/collection of sand will be started from dip side towards rise at the center and also laterally in 3 meter slice so that the river course will not get affected. Unwanted material or spillage (if any) will not be stacked by the side of the excavation voids created. This is to be done so, because it will otherwise hinder the flow of water in monsoon season. Removal/collection of sand will be done by leaving safety barrier on both sides and maximum barrier should be on concave side of river preferably the flow channel (excavation void created) should be kept straight so as to help avoid erosion as side cutting.
4.11.3 Land Degradation Control Measures The present land use, land use after 5 years working land use of the applied leasehold area is given in below table.
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TABLE 4.2: LAND USE PATTERN PRE – EXISTING & UP TO END OF LEASE PERIOD (5 YEARS) (IN HECTARE) Sl. No. Type of Land Use Pre-operational Operational phase (in Ha) Phase 1 Quarry Area 3.65 0.00 2 Infrastructure (road/ material 1.68 1.68 handing / stockyard) 3 River bed (Mined and Natural 0.0 260.00 reclamation by born water born sediments) 6 Habitation 0.00 0.00 7 Soil dump 0.00 0.00 8 OB dump 0.00 0.00 Water Body 0.00 0.00 9 Undisturbed land 409.74 153.39 Total 415.07 415.07
4.12 IMPACT ON SOIL No soil cover exists in the core zone so there will be impact. No impact on soil of the buffer zone is envisaged due to Removal/collection of sand, as fugitive emission shall remain confined within working area/haul road and emission will be controlled by water sprinkling and plantation.
4.13 IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 4.13.1 Human Settlement The villages and their inhabitants in the buffer zone will not be disturbed from their settlements due to the proposed project
There is no inhabitation within the applied lease area. Therefore neither villages nor any part of village or any hamlet will be disturbed during the operational phase. So no adverse impact is anticipated on human settlement. 4.13.2 Employment The proposed project will provide employment to the 128 persons. The various indirect employment opportunities have also been generated. Several persons
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of the neighboring villages have been benefited with loading/uploading, contract works, employment through contractors, running of jeeps, trucks, tractors and buses on hire, different kind of shops and transport related business avenues.
4.13.3 Economic Status Due to proposed project direct and in-direct employment, business opportunities and other earing resources will be generated, which will improve the economic status of the local people. Other then this welfare amenities such as medical facilities, conveyance, free education, drinking water supply etc. will be provided to the workers.
4.13.4 Sensitive Targets There are no places of Tourist, religious & Historical importance in core zone. Therefore, no adverse impacts are anticipated.
4.13.6 Impact on Occupational Health & Safety The possible impact on occupational health & safety in the proposed project may be Inhalation of dust, Accident due to transportation vehicles, bed mining practices etc.
4.13.7 Measures to Control Occupational Health Hazard & Safety The working in the applied lease area will be done with all safety measures under the supervision of qualified staff. The workers will be provided dust mask, safety boot, helmet and other safety equipment. A well-equipped first aid box will be maintained at site. For mitigating the aspect the following measures will be implemented: - i. Regular water sprinkling on haul roads. ii. Dust mask will be provided to the workers, iii. Periodical medical examinations will be carried out for the workers as per Norms, iv. Medical records will be keep maintained,
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v. Medical facilities to the workers, vi. Any early symptom of diseases, if observed, such workers will be taken off in the dusty atmosphere and suitable employed elsewhere, vii. Personal Protective Equipment’s will be provided to the workers, viii. Vocational Training will be provided to the workers. ix. Safety of the employee during mining will be taken care as per Mine Regulations 1961, x.
4.14 DETAILS OF INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES FOR WORKER a. Water for drinking & other purpose will be arranged. b. All the safety equipment’s such as helmets, safety shoes, goggles, dust masks etc. c. A well-equipped first aid facilities, d. Periodic medical health checkups, rest shelter, washrooms will be provided.
4.15 STRUCTURED ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND ACTION PLAN The applicant has endeavored the mitigation measures of potential impact and aspects of operation.
TABLE 4.3: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT MATRIX Environmental Aspect of Setting & Potential impacts Mitigation measures Operation baseline Fugitive Emissions Effective water 1. Ore handling & Noise sprinklers 1. Air Fugitive Emissions Effective water 2.Transportation & Noise sprinklers The Regional emissions well ------within norms Provision of reducing 2. Water 1. Ore excavation 1. Contamination turbidity & SS
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Existing water 2. Altered Provision of rain water quality is hydrologic regime harvesting potable
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CHAPTER – V ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
5.1. INTRODUCTION Consideration of alternatives to a project proposal is a requirement of EIA process. During the scoping process, alternatives to a proposal can be considered or refined, either directly or by reference to the key issues identified. A comparison of alternatives helps to determine the best method of achieving the project objectives with minimum environmental impacts or indicates the most environmentally friendly and cost effective options.
5.2. FACTOR BEHIND THE SELECTION OF PROJECT SITE The proposed project is mining unit for the removal/collection of sand from Luni River and their nallas at near village Baghot , Bassi, Bhagwanpura, Baddiya, Javla, Kharkheri, Kurara , Pih Tehsil: Parbatsar, District: Nagaur, Rajasthan, The letter of Intent has been granted by State Govt. The proposed mining lease area has following advantages:- _ The applied mining area occurs in a non-forest area. _ The required material is found in the sound quality/quantity in the applied area. _ There is no habitation within the applied lease area; hence no R & R issues exist. _ The river bed (proposed mining blocks of applied mining lease area) remains dry excepts the monsoon season. _ Availability of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers in this region. _ All the basic amenities such as medical, firefighting, education, transportation, Communication and infrastructural facilities are accessible. _ Applied area has good connectivity through road and rail. The nearest highway is SH- 21A, SH -59, The Nearest Railway Station is Gachhipura R.S about 17 km in North _ The proposed mining operations will be restricted up to a depth of 3 mtr which will not intersect the ground water level. Hence, no impact on ground water environment.
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5.3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITE No alternatives are suggested as the proposed project is site specific as per the occurrence of material.
5.4. FACTOR BEHIND SELECTION OF PROPOSED TECHNOLOGY Open cast manual mining operation method will be used for the removal of sand from the proposed blocks. The proposed method is suitable for the area as:- As the material deposition is superficial and not deeply embedded, therefore opencast method of working is preferred. There is lesser chance of subsidence in case of opencast mining. As there is no soil cover/OB in the area. The material will be loaded manually in the tractor trolley & will be sold directly to the buyers.
5.5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY Open cast manual method has been selected for this project. This technology is having least gestation period, economically viable, safest and less labour intensive. The method has inbuilt flexibility for increasing or decreasing the production as per market condition. =====********======
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CHAPTER – VI ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
6.1 INTRODUCTION Success of any environmental management programme depends upon the efficiency of the organizational set up responsible for Implementation of the programme. Post project monitoring is an essential part to check the impact of any project activity. Hence monitoring of various environmental parameters will be carried out a regular basis to ascertain the following: To assess environmental impacts. State of pollution within the mine lease and in its vicinity. Planning for predictive or corrective actions in respect of pollution to keep it within permissible limits. Examine the efficiency of pollution control system adopted at the site. Monitoring will be carried out at side as per the statutory requirements. Environmental monitoring will be taken up for various environmental components as per conditions stipulated in Environmental Clearance Letter issued by MOEF & Consent to operate issued by the State Pollution Control Board. Compliance of same will be submitted to respective authorities on regular basis.
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL In order to maintain the environmental quality within the stipulated standard, regular monitoring of various environmental component is necessary which will complied as per condition for this an Environmental Management team be constituted.
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6.2.1 Hierarchical System Apart from having an EMP, it is also necessary to have a permanent organizational set up charged with the task of ensuring its effective implementation. We will undertake to monitor the environmental pollution levels by measuring ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, noise levels etc. by appointing external agencies. We will ensure that the pollution is limited to allowable values and to take corrective action if required. In case the monitored results of environmental pollution are found to exceed the allowable values, the Environmental Management Cell will suggest remedial action and get these suggestions implemented through the concerned Departments. The Environmental Management cell will also coordinate all the related activities such as collection of statistics of health of workers and population of the region, afforestation and green belt development. The proposed organizational chart for environmental management FIGURE 6.1: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
MINES OWNER (LESSEE)
MINES MANAGER
Asst. / MANAGER (ENVIRONMENT) (M.Sc. Env. Sci.)
UNSKILLED/SKILLEDLABOURS
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6.2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: Project proponent is committed to providing a quality service in a manner that ensures a safe and healthy workplace for employees and minimizes potential impact on the environment. They will operate in compliance with all relevant environmental legislation and strive to use pollution prevention and environmental best practices. The Applicant will:- Integrate the consideration of environmental concerns and impacts into all the decision making & activities. Promote environmental awareness among the employees and encourage them to work in an environmentally responsible manner. Trained, educate and inform our employees about environmental issues that may affect their work. Where required by legislation or where significant health, safety or environmental hazards exist, develop and maintain appropriate emergency and spill response programmes. Strive to continually improve our environmental performance and minimize the social impact and damage of activities by periodic review of environmental policy in light of current and planned future activities.
6.3 RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT TEAM (EMT) The said team is responsible for: 1. Collecting water and air samples, work zone monitoring for air pollutants. 2. Analyzing the water and air samples. 3. Implementing the control and protective measures. 4. Coordinating the environment related activities within the project as well as with outside agencies.
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5. Collecting statistics on health of workers and population of surroundings villages. 6. Green belt development etc. 7. Monitoring and evaluating the progress of implementation of environmental management programme.
6.4 MONITORING SCHEDULE AND PARAMETERS To evaluate the effectiveness of environmental management programme, regular monitoring of the important environment parameters will be taken up. The schedule, duration and parameters to be monitored are shown in table: TABLE 6.1: MONITORING SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS Monitoring Duration Particulars Important Monitoring Parameters Frequencies of Station Surface / pH, SS, TDS, Iron, Hardness, Once in a Ground Grab Alkalinity Chlorides, Nitrates year water Sulphate & Flourides Ambient air Once in a 24 hr. PM10, SOx and NOx monitoring Quarter. Noise Once in a 8 hr. Level in dB(A) and dB(C) Monitoring quarter Soil Once in a PH, Conductivity, Sulphate, Nitrate, Grab Sampling year Phosphates, Alkalinity & texture.
6.5 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT The below table give overall investment on the environmental safeguards and recurring expenditure for successful monitoring and implementation of control measures.
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TABLE 6.2: COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES (Investment and Recurring cost Rs. Lakh)
No Particulars Proposed Proposed Rec. Capital cost in Cost / annum in Rs Rs
1. Pollution control 5,00,000 1,00,000 2. Pollution 5,00,000 1,00,000 monitoring 3. Green belt 2,00,000 50,000 4. Occupation 3,00,000 60,000 health 5. Haul road and other roads repair and 1,50,000 15000 maintinance
6. Miscellaneous 3,00,000 60,000 (fencing, etc.)
Total 19,50,000 3,85,000
Total investment on environmental improvement works envisaged is Rs. 19.50 lakhs and recurring expenditure during the stage of production is Rs. 3.85 lakhs per year.
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CHAPTER – VII ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 INTRODUCTION The proposed project is for the mining (removal of sand), from the river bed of Luni river & their connected nallah by opencast semi-mechanized method of mining. As per the EIA notification 2006, before the establishment of project public consultation, Risk assessment & social impact assessment due to project have to be addressed, which are as follows:
7.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION Public hearing was conducted as per EIA Notification on dated 27th August 2014, at Rajiv Gandhi Seva Kendra, village- Janjila, Tehsil – Parbatsar, District Nagaur, Rajasthan. The public hearing was chaired by ADM and Regional Officer and also attended by local peoples, during the process suggestion, objection were invited from the local people regarding the project. During the public consultation, no objection regarding the project has been received. However people are happy for the coming project as they will get employment and other facilities. Minutes of public hearing is given in below table. Name of Issues raised by the Response/Commitment of Action plan the person Public Project Proponents with address
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Surpanch, The places where The Environmental About 10.0 lacs will be spent for village bajri mining takes Consultant of the project CSR activities. Janjila place Neem trees are proponent extended full planted. Hence, the support to the views of amount earmarked the Ex – Surpanch of for community village Janjila. He further development under added that he will CSR activity should impress upon the project be spent both on proponent to plant spread of education various kind of trees and plantation of including Neem trees all trees like Neem, Around the river bed with Pipal, Barghad and necessary tree guards, so Khejdi etc. that they remain Further, the money protected from should be destruction by the Sh. Bhvani After Plantation it is roaming animals. About 7800 sapling Singh necessary to take care per year will village- of saplings. be planted along the Janjila He promised that more lease money will be spent on Boundary & nearby Plantation. Lastly, he villages. assured that CSR activity 7800 plant x Rs 20 will be carried out in per plant=156000, collaboration with local Mining will be done Panchayat. as per ADM, Nagaur said that Approved mining overloading of tractor & plan. trolleys will be stopped Transportation of
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and those who do not sand with the sprinkle water on the Tractor trolley as per loaded bajri will be rule. charged penalty.
Mahindra Local People should - The Environment Singh, get job opportunity in Consultant informed that Village the proposed project. when implemented the Janjila project will provide employment to 128 local people aspirants.
7.3 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN All types of industries face certain types of hazards which can disrupt normal activities abruptly, similarly River Bed Mining also has impending dangers or risk which need be addressed for which a disaster management plan has been formulated with an aim of taking precautionary steps to avert disasters and also to take such action after the disaster which limits the damage to the minimum. Nevertheless, the following natural problems may be encountered during the mining operation. 1. Increase in gradient of the river – One of the most frequently occurring hazards of the river bed mining is the increase of river gradient due to haphazard mining practices. Due to selective mining in vast patches of the bed, the amount of suspended load, turbidity and velocity of the water may increase which may affect the overall behavior of the stream. 2. Dumping of waste material – the waste left from the river bed mining consists of unusable aggregates and mainly clay. The clay is generally dumped
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back in the mined out areas. Subsequently the clay gets mixed with stream water to results in increased turbidity and siltation downstream. 3. Water pollution – The left over aggregates are fine grained particles that are lifted easily by increase of stream water velocity. Retention times of these particles are long and quality of water is affected consequently.
As per proposal made under the mining plan, during proposed working the area will be developed by means of manuals opencast mining method. Exploitation and transportation of minerals are to be carried out by manual means. Water table will not be touched during processed working. No high risk accidents like landslides, subsidence flood etc. have been apprehended.
But possibility of accidental disaster is also not ruled out. Therefore, all the statutory precautions should be taken for quick evacuation as per the Mines Act 1952, the Mines Rules 1955, MMR-1961 and MCDR-1988.
The possible risks in the case of river bed mining project are bank erosion, floods, accidents due to transportation etc.
Mining and allied activities are associated with several potential hazards to both the employees and the public at large. A worker in a mine should be able to work under condition, which are adequately safe and healthy. At the same time the environmental condition should be such as not to impair his working efficiency. This is possible only when there is adequate safety in mines. Hence, safety is one of the most essential aspects of any working mine. safety of the mine and the employees will be taken care according to the mining rules & regulations, which are well defined with laid down procedure for safety, which when scrupulously followed safety is ensured not only to manpower but also to working environment.
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7.3.1 Possible Risks Due To Inundation & Its Control Mining will be done during the non-monsoon periods; therefore problem of inundation is not likely to happen.
7.3.2 Dewatering Depth of mine is limited to 3m depth only from the river bed level whereas the ground water flows at 40m to 45m below the bed level. Hence no dewatering is required.
7.3.3 Possible Risks Due To Failure of Pit Slope & Its Control Pit will be created of limited depth only i.e. 3m thus the chance of failure of pit slope does not exist.
7.3.4 Possible Risks Due To Failure of Waste Dump & Its Control No waste dump is created therefore the question of failure of waste dump does not exist.
7.3.5 Possible Risks Due To Fire & Its Control The operation does not anticipate any fire disaster.
7.3.6 Measures to Prevent Accidents Due to Tractors All transportation within applied mining lease working should be carried out directly under the supervision and control of the management. The vehicles will be maintained in good condition and checked thoroughly at least once a month by the competent person authorized for the purpose by the management. Road signs will be provided at each and every turning point up to the main road (wherever required). To avoid danger while reversing the equipment’s/ vehicles especially at the working place / loading points, stopper should be posted to properly guide
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reversing/ spotting operating, otherwise no person should be there within 10 km radius of machine. A statutory provision of the fences, constant education, training etc. will go a long way in reducing the incidents of such accidents.
7.2.6 Other Possible Measures to Avoid Risks/ Disaster Due to River Bed Mining. Unwanted material including mineral or spillage (if any) should not be stacked on the banks as it will hinder the flow of water in monsoon season. Mining of minerals / working shall be started from the center from dip to rise and then laterally in 1 Meter slice so that the river course could not get affected. Removal/collection of sand in a uniform way so that the river flow/ course shall not get disturbed. River banks will not be excavated to from access ramps. Only excavated river gravel should be used to deposit against the river bank to form access ramps.
Maintenance and monitoring: The area will be monitored every week by competent person and if maintenance is needed will be done as per requirement.
7.4 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, R&R ACTION PLAN There will be the positive impact on the villagers of the nearby villages in the form of employment, business promotion and social welfare. There is no human settlement in the applied lease area. Thus there is no impact on the human settlement and thus no R & R plan is required.
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CHAPTER-VIII PROJECT BENEFITS
8.1 INTRODUCTION Project proponent is very much conscious of their obligation to society at large. The management will help in overall socio economic development of the area. This is proposal for the production of ordinary sand (Bajri) proposed production 25, 00,000 TPA of from applied mine (Area 415.07 Ha) near Tehsil: Parbatsar, District: Nagaur, Rajasthan.
8.2 IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE The area is Govt. waste land. The mining activity will generate of socioeconomic benefits to the people of the area. There will be generation of employment to the local people as well as their earning will increase. Additional facilities like that educational, medical transportation etc. will be made available to the local population. Overall positive impact will be on population. Due to mining activity, increased revenue earnings in the area will lead to the development of infrastructural facilities like that transport road, schools, Hospitals etc. The lessee will contribute to the various developmental activities in all the nearby villages and will work for all round development viz., providing water supply, communication and telecommunication facilities, creating environmental awareness, imparting knowledge on agriculture, mechanization, health and sanitation and most importantly ensuring a sustainable development for the social upliftment of the habitats of the area. The promoters will also provide funds for the various development activities of the neighboring villages as and when required.
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Promotion of social & economic status Applicant has contributed to the economical and social development of the area. It will provide direct employment to about 128 people and indirect employment to many more. The applicant believes in the philosophy to provide better health and medical facilities not only to their families but also to villagers.
8.3 IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE Due to proposed project direct/ indirect employment, revenue to the govt., business opportunities will be developed in the area, which will increase living standard of the people. It will ultimately leads to the improvement in the physical infrastructure facilities such as transport, road, housing, schools as well as hospitals. Due to improved earning there will be improvement in the entertainment facilities and marketing facilities with the improvement in social status.
8.4 HEALTH & SAFETY All safety measures i.e. safety appliances, safety awards, posters, slogan related to safety etc. necessary safety equipment’s shall be provided to the workers like helmets, safety boots, dust mask, ear muffs etc.
All necessary medical facilities will be provided along river bed site. Periodical health checkup of the employees will be done. All necessary facilities will be provided as per mines Rules. Provision of rest shelters for mine workers with amenities like drinking water etc. Periodical training programme to inform the employees about their task, associated risk and safe working practices will be undertaken. 8.5 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL With mining activities, local people will have a lot of direct and indirect employment avenues opened up. There will be direct employment opportunities in the applied mine and the secondary employment will also develop in the
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neighboring villages by providing services to the employed manpower. Thus, the local people will enjoy the economic upliftment.
8.5.1 Management & Supervisory Personal For safe and systematic mining sufficient technical and supervisory staffs are required at applied mine site, at present non-technical & technical staffs are employed in the mine. The proposal for employment of managerial and supervisory staff has been furnished in the plan as given below. TABLE 8.1: EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL Sr. No Designation No. Category
1 Mining Engineer 1 Having First Class Managers Certificate 2 Mining Foreman 5 Having certificate from DGMS. Highly skilled 3 JCB/ Dumper Driver 90 Skilled 4 Labor 20 Semi-Skilled
5 Clerical and other 5 Skilled staff 6 Security Guard & 5 Unskilled Water man
7 Environment 2 Skilled Assistant Total 128
Mining operation shall not be commenced conducted unless complete staff are appointed as required under the Regulation 34(1)(a) of the MMR, 1961 and relevant notice are sent to DGMS, Dhanbad with a copy of the same to the Director of Mines Safety,(Raj.).
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8.6 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS The project proponent will arrange for the regular medical checkup camps for the workers which will be also be extended for the villagers. Arrangements for the supply of drinking water in the period of scarcity to the nearby villages will also be done by the project proponent.
The project activity and the management will definitely support the local panchayat and provide other form of assistance for the development of public amenities in this region. The applicant will contribute to the local schools, dispensaries for the welfare of the villagers.
Green belt development / Plantation will be taken up in the vicinity of river banks, along the approach roads, around Govt. building, schools. ====*******====
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CHAPTER-IX ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
9.1 INTRODUCTION The environmental impact assessment presented in previous chapter is based on the control measures. It is concluded that the mining activities having substantial, but reversible impact on environment and the suggestive measures should be taken so as to minimize the impacts.
Environmental management plan details the environmental quality control measures which are proposed for this project to achieve the production of 25,00,000 TPA of ordinary sand (Bajri) by complying with the stipulated standard limit specified by state pollution control board and CPCB.
Environment Management Plan, which is to be implemented in the project has detailed under the following heads: River course environment Air Environment Water Environment Noise Environment Solid waste Management Biological Environment including Plantation Development Implementation of EMP and monitoring Programme
9.2 RIVER COURSE ENVIRONMENT Land degradation is one of the major adverse impact of opencast mining activities related to mining and any effort to control adverse impacts would be incomplete without appropriate land reclamation strategy.
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Deviation from planned mining procedure can lead to bank erosion/cutting and thereby river channel shifting degradation of land, causing loss of properties and degradation surrounding of landscape. Thus for environment friendly river bed mining the following control/abatement measures will be followed:
Removal/collection of Sand (Bajri) will be done in central part of river and sufficient safety barrier say 10% of width will be left towards bank side. So that the river flow / course will not get disturbed. Removal/collection of sand will be started from dip side towards rise at the center and also laterally in 3 meter slice so that the river course will not get affected. Unwanted material including mineral or spillage (if any) will not be stacked by the side of the excavation area. If need be done then it should be dozed afterwards in excavation voids created. This is to be done so, because it will otherwise hinder the flow of water in monsoon season. Leaving safety barrier on both sides and maximum barrier should be on concave side of river preferably the flow channel (excavation void created) should be kept straight so as to help avoid erosion as side cutting. In the first five years, removal/collection will be done, which will be replenishment with monsoon season.
9.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT In order to minimize impacts of mining on air and to maintain it within the prescribed limits of CPCB/SPCB, an Environment Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared. This will help in resolving all environmental and ecological issues likely to cause due to removal of sand in the area.
During the course of mining no toxic substances are released into the atmosphere as such there seems to be no potential threat to health of human beings.
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In river bed mining activities, the only source of gaseous emission is from the tractor trolley. The reasons may be quality of fuel, improper operation of the engine, etc. proper maintenance of engines will improve combustion process and brings reduction in pollution. The fugitive dust generation during mining and transportation requires some mitigation.
Measures to Prevent Generation & Dispersal of Dust Dust particles that are normally generated during mining operations when become airborne lead to increase in PM10 level in the ambient air. Another source of dust generation is the transport of material by tractor trolley. Dust suppression by water spraying is adopted on the roads. Maintenance of transported vehicles and maintenance of kutchha road on regular basis. Regular water spraying on haulage roads during transportation of sand and waste by water sprinklers. Plantation will be carried out on approach roads & nearby vicinity of river bank. To control the emissions regular preventive maintenances of equipment’s will be done to adopt corrective actions wherever needed. It is being ensured that all transportation vehicles will carry a valid PUC certificate. Dust mask will be provided to the workers.
9.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT The noise level monitoring carried out in the area has indicated that the present noise levels in mine site are generally within limits. The deployments of vehicles for transport and other auxiliary operations have increased the noise level but are naturally attenuated within applied lease area itself.
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9.4.1 Noise Abatement and Control Proper maintenance of transportation vehicles will be carried out, which help in reducing generation of noise during operations. No other equipment’s accept the transportation vehicles as tractor trolley is allowed. Noise generated by these transportation vehicles is intermittent and does not cause much adverse impact. Periodical monitoring of noise will be done to adopt corrective actions wherever needed. Plantation will be taken up along the approach roads and on river bank. The plantation minimizes propagation of noise and also arrests dust.
General precaution for blasting will be taken up as following:- No drilling and blasting involved in this project.
9.5 WATER MANAGEMENT Removal/collection of sand in the area will be done well above the water table; therefore impact on water regime is not anticipated. The ground water level of lease area is 10m to 25m from the surface level. The removal/collection of sand from river bed does not have any impact on natural drainage of surrounding area as no mining will be carried out, outside the lease area. Removal/collection of sand will be done up to a depth of 3m in the river bed, which will be replenished during monsoon season, more or less restoring to original position thus not affecting normal drainage in the river channel also.
9.5.2 Waste Water Management No waste water is generated due to proposed working as project only involves removal/ collection of sand from river bed in dry state.
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9.6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT No solid waste is generated from the said mining operations. There is no toxic element present in the mineral which may contaminate the soil.
9.7 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT The mining activity will have insignificant effect on the existing flora and fauna in the core/buffer zone. Flora & fauna found in the buffer zone will not get affected because mining activities will be confined to core zone only by manual means.
The purpose of the project itself is to save the flora around the project area from river widening, excessive erosion and floods. It was found that the removal/ collection of sand will not have any significant impact on the flora and fauna of the region. The aquatic flora & fauna is also not likely to be affected as proposed mining blocks remains dry except the rainy season.
There is a requirement to establish a stable ecosystem with both ecological and economic returns. Minimization of soil erosion and dust pollution enhances the beauty of the core and the buffer zone. To achieve this it is planned to increase plantation activities. The basic objectives of Plantations are as follows:- • Improvement of Soil quality • Quick vegetative cover to check soil erosion • Improvement in river bank stability • Conservation of biological diversity • Provide forage and browse for wild life
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9.7.2 Plantation Development The main aim of plantation of mine area is to control dust/noise in the area, and to protect land from erosion and provide an aesthetic landscape. Keeping the up to the plan period in mine the stage wise plantation will be done.
Total 7.8 hectare are will be covered by the plantation. It will arrest environmental pollution, erosion and upgrade the scenic beauty of the area. Planting and sowing operations are followed up with adequate post plantation care, which includes replacement of casualties. TABLE 8.1: STAGE WISE PLANTATION PROGRAMME Year Saplings to be Survival Species Place of plantation planted 80 %
I 1560 1248 Neem,Peepal, Along the roads,in II 1560 1248 Mango, schools and public III 1560 1248 Shisham, Sirish, building and other IV 1560 1248 Babool, social forestry V 1560 1248 Gulmohar programme. Total 7800 6,240
Protection of Plantation Sites The afforested areas have to be protected from cattle menace, human interference, soil erosion, plant diseases, etc. Check bunds, masonry chutes, protected drains, etc. will be constructed wherever required to control and regulate the water flow to prevent soil erosion and washing away of nutrients. Plants will be protected from diseases by the application of proper pesticides. Soil manuring etc. will be done whenever necessary. Plants will be protected from cattle menace and human interference by providing fencing and proper watch and ward.
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9.7.3 Guidelines for Plantation Development In order to facilitate the proper growth of vegetation, limited measures involving preparation of seedbed with suitable amount of fertilizers and treatment with mulches will be taken.
Vegetation cover generally helps in: Stabilizing erodible slopes to minimize pollution. Control of dust. Enhancement of aesthetic value. Maximizing evpo-transpiration, which helps minimizing run off. Reducing noise. For revagetation, the plants and saplings suitable for the existing soils and site condition may consider. It is recommended to plant fast growing local plant species, which can adapt to the local climate. This has to be done in consultation with local Government Horticulturist.
9.8 SOCIO – ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 9.8.1 Management Plan for Socio-Economic Environment The environmental management plan has been developed with a view to bring down the levels of impacts as discussed in the last chapter within limits. In each of the areas of impact, measures have to be taken to reduce potentially significant adverse impacts and where these are beneficial in nature, such impacts are to be enhanced/augmented so that the overall adverse impacts are reduced to as low level as possible. For the socio economic development about 10 lacs will be spent up to operational phase.
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There will be over all positive effect on social life on the local people, as they will get job opportunity, transport and medical facilities so the mining activities will benefit them directly or indirectly. 1. Ordinary sand production and employment opportunities. 2. Reduction in the migration of jobless laborers from native place to other distant places. 3. Interaction of local people with outsides, and improvement in communication, which will enhance their present status of knowledge and confidence.
Employment The mining operations will employ about total 128 persons. Preference will be given to the local population while inducting any manpower. The future mining activity would provide indirect employment to a large number of local population in activities like planting and watering of trees for green belt development.
Business Promotion While offloading the jobs to outside parties’ preference will be given to the local people.
9.9 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH Safety of employee during mining operation and maintenance of mining equipment will be taken care as per MMR 1961 & MCDR 1988. To avoid any adverse effect on the health of workers due to dust, noise sufficient measures have been provided in the mining project. These include: Provision of rest shelters for mine workers with amenities like drinking water, toilets etc. Provision of personal protection devices to the workers. Dust suppression on haul road. First-aid box with all necessary facilities will be provided at the mining area.
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9.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL Apart from having an EMP, it is also necessary to have a permanent organizational set up charged with the task of ensuring its effective implementation.
The applicant will undertake to monitor the environmental pollution levels by measuring ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, noise levels etc., by appointing external agencies. The applicant will ensure that the pollution is limited to allowable values and to take corrective action if required.
In case the monitored results of environmental pollution are found to exceed the allowable values, the Environmental Management Cell will suggest remedial action and get these suggestions implemented through the concerned departments.
The Environmental Management Cell will also co-ordinate all the related activities such as collection of statistics of health of workers and population of the region, afforestation and green belt development. FIGURE 9.1: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
MINES OWNER (LESSEE)
MINES MANAGER
Asst. / MANAGER (ENVIRONMENT) (M.Sc. Env. Sci.)
UNSKILLED/SKILLEDLABOURS
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9.10.1 Aesthetic Environment The plantation of a number of various species in the proposed area for plantation will improve the aesthetic environment over this area.
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CHAPTER – X SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
10.1 INTRODUCTION The proposed project for removal/ collection of sand (Bajri) & production capacity is 25, 00,000 TPA from the applied area of 415.07 Ha, at near Village: Baghot, Bassi, Bhagwanpura, Baddiya, Javla, Kharkheri, Kurara, Pih, Tehsil: Parbatsar, District: Nagaur.
As per the New Notification 14th September 2006, this project falls in Category ‘A’ and therefore this project requires Environmental Clearance from EAC (mining) of EAC, New Delhi.
Terms of References’ (ToR) presentation for the project have been done at EAC, New Delhi, before Expert Appraisal Committee and the committee has suggested Terms of References (ToR) vide EAC, New Delhi, vide Letter No. J- 11015/318/2013-IA-II (M), dated 09.12.2013 to be incorporated in the preparation of EIA/EMP Report.
10.2 AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION MEASURES 10.2.1 Funds for Green Belt Protection The management cell of the project is very conscious to minimize the pollution load in the applied lease area. A thick canopy cover of green belt will be developed as discussed in the earlier chapters. Over 7800 numbers of trees/year will be invested for environmental protection measures. A recurring amount of Rs. 0.5 lacs. will be spent every year.
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10.2.2 Funds for Dust Suppression Water is spread around the mining area through tankers to control the dust suppression. A recurring amount of Rs. 2.00 lacs. will be spent every year.
10.3 DETAILS OF THE PROJECT TABLE 10.1: PROJECT DETAILS Name of project River Bed mining project of Ordinary Sand
Name of River Luni & their connected flow nallahs
Tehsil Parbatsar District Nagaur State Rajasthan
Latitude 26°48’03” to 26°46’15” N
Longitude 74°27’53” to 74°37’5” E
Area of the Mine 415.07 Ha Manpower (proposed) 128 Water Requirement 16 KLD Green Belt Development 7800 no of Saplings (proposed) Capital Cost for EMP 19.5 Lac Annual Recurring Cost 3.85 Lac from EMP Capital Cost of the 1 Crore Project
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10.4 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 10.4.1 Monitoring Programme For the implementation of these mitigation measures, it is important to monitor various environmental parameters so as to ensure proper working of all the environmental control measures. This section represents monitoring schedule and infrastructural requirement for environmental protection, which is given in below table: TABLE 10.2: MONITORING SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS Monitoring Duration Important Monitoring Particulars Frequencies of Station Parameters pH, SS, TDS, Iron, Hardness, Surface/ Once in a Grab Alkalinity Chlorides, Nitrates Ground water Year Sulphate & Flourides Ambient air Once in a 24 hr. PM , SO and NO monitoring Quarter. 10 x x Noise Once in a - Level in dB(A) and dB(C) Pollution Quarter. PH, Conductivity, Sulphate, Working Once in a - Nitrate, Phosphates, Alkalinity environment Quarter. & texture.
10.5 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT The below table give overall investment on the environmental safeguards and recurring expenditure for successful monitoring and implementation of control measures.
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TABLE 10.3: COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES (Investment and recurring cost Rs. in Lakh)
No Particulars Proposed Proposed Rec. Capital cost in Cost / annum in Rs Rs
1. Pollution control 5,00,000 1,00,000 2. Pollution 5,00,000 1,00,000 monitoring 3. Green belt 2,00,000 50,000 4. Occupation 3,00,000 60,000 health 5. Haul road and other roads repair and 1,50,000 15000 maintinance
6. Miscellaneous 3,00,000 60,000 (fencing, etc.)
Total 19,50,000 3,85,000
Total investment on environmental improvement works envisaged is Rs. 19.50 lakhs and recurring expenditure during the stage of production is Rs. 3.85 lakhs per year.
10.6 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT The project proponent has planned to develop 7.8 ha along the road and applied lease area. This will help in reducing the spread of pollutants and will also be effective in attenuating noise levels.
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10.7 RECOMMENDATION M/s Udaipur Min –Tech Pvt. Ltd. survey reveals that the management will stress on improvement of Environment. Regular water spraying will be practiced. The management will provide ear muffs, shoes, trained the person for their use and helmets to the workers in the mine.
The regular medical check-up of workers will be carried out. Green belt development is to be stressed and workers must be motivated for plantation care. The general environmental awareness is given to the local workers. Regular maintenance of vehicles will be carried out. Slogans of Environment, health & safety will be displayed in the local language.
The verbal interactions with neighboring villagers reveals that due to river bed mining no impact on water level is antibuted. Hence significantly no impact will be there due to mining activity. However, the mine is fresh area and no significant problems are reported by the villagers. The management must keenly celebrate the importance of World Environment Day to create awareness amongst the workers. Conservation of soil and water must be emphasized not only at works but also at their own place. With the proposal of Environment management plan and intention of continual improvement the mine may be accorded environmental clearance.
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CHAPTER – XI DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
The consultant engaged for the preparation of the EIA/EMP of the project is M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. The information about the company with address is as follows:
INTRODUCTION: Realizing the need for multi-disciplinary and pragmatic approach to mine development and mine environment management, a few dedicated Mining engineers & Geo-scientists with decades of practical experience started M/S Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. company as a consultancy organization in 1994 registered as company with the Registrar of Companies, Rajasthan and got recognized (RQP/UDP/354/2009/B) from Indian Bureau of Mines, Ministry of Mines, Govt. of India and ISO 9001:2008, 14001:2004, & 18001:2007 Certified Company and accreditation by NABET “A’’ category for open cast mines. Today it has grown not only to handle anything in mining of non-fuel minerals but ready to face any challenging environmental assignment in the field of mining industry and modification of varied industries and environmental clearance of diverse industries.
M/s Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd. Provides services in the field of Environmental impact assessment and management for Mining area.
OUR SERVICES: We provide wide range of services. These include:
At Mining Services:- Evolution of Mineral property and feasibility studies. Preparation of Mining Plan, Scheme of Mining with Mine Closure Plan(Progressive & Final) as per MCR1960, MCDR 1988 & GCDR 1999. Up gradation & Processing of Non-Metallic Minerals.
At Environmental Services:
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EIA / EMP report. Monitoring of Ambient Air quality, Stack emissions, Work zone air quality, Source monitoring and Control. Monitoring of water, Waste water, and Pollution source identification and control process. Monitoring of Soil Quality, Noise level, Solid waste or Sludge quality. Environmental audit, Industrial risk assessment and risk management and hazardous waste management.
ACHIEVEMENTS:- The Udaipur Min-Tech Pvt. Ltd.(UMTPL) in a short period after its inception has prepared more than 1000 Mining Plan and Scheme of mining with Progressive Mine Closure/Final Mine Closure Plan of various minerals in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Assam & M.P. and more than 950 of them have already approved from IBM- Udaipur/Dehradun/Ajmer/Nagpur, Deptt. Of Mines & Geology-Rajasthan, Deptt. of Geology & Mining –Gandhinagar (Gujarat), Deptt. of Geology & Mining- Bhopal(MP). UMTPL has conducted Mine Surveys, Geological Mapping, Geological reserves as per UNFC, Mine Planning, Environment monitoring for various mines in different states of India as well as Abroad. UMTPL has prepared during year 2000-01 to 2010-11, more than 150 EIA/EMP report of various major mineral mines for MOEF, New Delhi, SEIAA – Jaipur, SEIAA-Gandhinagar, SEIAA-Shimla and 100 of them have already secured approval & Environmental clearance. The 25 EMP in cluster approved from Dist. Level Environment Committee in Rajasthan as per RMMCR -2012.
The UMTPL has also prepared during year 2012-13, more than 50 EC cases of minor mineral mines for SEIAA-Jaipur, SEIAA-Gandhinagar, SEIAA-Shimla, SEIAA-Haryana & Panjab & SEIAA-Mumbai.
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THE CORE TEAM: The key persons of team are: 1) Mr. S. S. BIST – M.Sc. (Geology), M.Tech. (Applied Geology) & PG Diploma in Environment & Ecology, RQP (IBM), MMGI, FGSI etc. having 20 years professional experience of survey and geological mapping, prospecting & mine planning for various non-metallic/metallic minerals, preparation of pre- feasibility& feasibility report, preparation of Mining plan/Scheme of Mining with PMCP/FMCP, Preparation of EIA/EMP report and mining of Granite, Marbles etc. 2) Mr. B. L. MOD- Diploma in Mining and AMIE(Mining) with First Class Mine Manager Certificate of competency (Unrestricted), Certified Mine Surveyor’s Certificate of competency (Unrestricted), RQP(IBM), MMGI, C. Engg. MIE, MMEA, having 45 years working experience in field of mining viz underground as well as opencast mine of various metallic and non-metallic mineral in India as well as abroad. Preparation of Mining plan/Scheme of Mining with PMCP/FMCP, preparation of EIA/EMP report. 3) Mr. S. K. MOHTA – Diploma in Mining with First Class Mine Manager Certificate having 45 years working experience in field of mining viz underground as well as opencast mine of various metallic and non-metallic mineral in India as well as abroad.
4) Mr. S. N. SHARMA-B.E in Mining with First Class Mine Manager Certificate, PG Diploma in Marketing Management, RQP(IBM) Nagpur, Maharashtra having 31 years working experience in field of mining viz. underground as well as open cast mine of various metallic and nonmetallic mineral in India. Preparation of Mining Plan/ Scheme of Mining with PMCP/FMCP, Preparation of EIA/EMP report of Mining project. 5)Mr. U. C. SHARMA- M.E in Environmental Engineering, B.E in Civil Engineering, MBA in H.R, having 20 years’ experience in field of Civil
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Environment Engineer. Preparation of EIA/EMP report of Mining Project. 6) Mr. N. S. NARUKA- M. Phil. (Environment Management), M.Sc. (Environment Science), Lead Auditor for (ISO14001:2004) EMS, and Diploma in Industrial Safety, having over 10 years of work experience in the Environmental Impact Assessment & Analysis with report writing. Evaluation and preparation of EIA’s of Mining project for environmental clearance. 7.) Dr. DIPANWITA BHAKAT –Ph.D. (Environmental Science), M. Tech. & M.Sc. (Environmental Science), is having over 2 years of teaching experience in Environmental Science. Besides, our team of Professionals is given below: 1 Ashok Kumar Pardesi Diploma in Mining & Certified Surveyor. 2 Rashmi Shrimali M. Sc.(Chemistry) 3 Jitendra Singh Sankhala B.E.(Mining) 4 Rajveer Singh M.Sc.(Remote Sensing & GIS) 5 Kamlesh Kumar M.Sc. (Environment Science) 6 Kamod Kanwar Rathore M.Sc. (Environment Science) 7 Kailash Meena M.A. (Geography), Diploma in RS & GIS. 8 Rahul Deshmukh MSW & BSW (Social Works) 9 Sameer Deshpande M.Sc.(Botany) 10 Ramesh Vishwakarma M. Sc.(Geology) 11 Nirupama Jain M. Sc.(Geology) 12 Ashima Jain B. Tech. (Mining Engineering) 13 Mohammed Afzal M. Sc. (Env. Science & Biotechnology) 14 Naveen Kumar Meena M.A. (Political Science) 15 Lakshmi Lal Meghwal Diploma in Draftsman & Certified Surveyor. 16 Harish Kumar Pardesi Drafts man & AutoCAD Master. 17 Praveen Koted Computer Operator & AutoCAD Master. 18 Madan Lal Dangi Computer Operator & AutoCAD Master. 19 Anil Damor Computer Operator & AutoCAD Master. 20 Lokesh Menaria Computer Operator & AutoCAD Master. 21 Nirmal Menaria Computer Operator & AutoCAD Master
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CONTACT PERSON - S. S. BIST 206 “APEKSHA COMPLEX” HIRAN MAGRI, SECTOR-11 UDAIPUR – 313002 (RAJ.)- INDIA PHONE - +91-294-2489672(OFF), MOBILE - +9194141 67672 e mail : [email protected]
Visit us at: www.udrmintech.com
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