Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 5(9): 1163-1167,2013 ISSN: 2042-4868;e-ISSN:2042-4876 © Medwell Scientific Organization, 2013 Submitted: May 12,2013 Accepted: June 25,2013 Published: September 05,2013 Evaluation on Phyllostachys pubescens forest ecosystem services value in Luyun Hu1,2,Guosheng Wen1,2,Lita Yi1,2,Yafeng Zhou3,Ruming Zhang1,2,Hongji Li1,2,Jiali Yuan1,2 1 Nurturing Station for State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Siviculture, Agriculure and Forestry University, 311300 ,Lin’an.； 2 School of Forestry and Biotchnology,Zhejiang Agriculure and Forestry University, 311300, Lin’an.China； 3 Bureau of Forestry of Suichang County in Zhejiang Province, 323300, Suichan.China

Abstract: In order to reflect the ecological benefits of Moso bamboo forest (Phyllostachys pubescens), based on the method of “The assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services in China”, assessing Moso bamboo forest ecosystem services value in Suichang County. Moso bamboo forest ecosystem services value are divided into six groups: water storage, soil conservation, C fixation and O2 release, nutrients accumulation, environment purification, biodiversity conservation in this paper. Chinese Fir Plantation as the control was to compare. The results showed that: (1) The total value of Moso bamboo forest ecosystem services in Suichang County was 1260.40 million -1 yuan·a , services values of water storage, soil conservation, C fixation and O2 release, nutrients accumulation, environment purification, biodiversity conservation were respectively 741.00 million yuan·a-1,81.00 million yuan·a- 1,331.00 million yuan·a-1,21.6 million yuan·a-1,32.2 million yuan·a-1,53.6 million yuan·a-1. (2) The total value of Moso bamboo forest ecosystem services in Suichang County has increased 302.80 million yuan·a-1, the growth was about 31.62 percent. (3)In the six groups, all of Moso bamboo ecosystem services value more than the same area of Chinese Fir forest plantation. These provide a reference basis for the similar region to evaluate Moso bamboo ecosystem services value, demonstrating the important contribution of Moso bamboo to the forest ecosystem of Suichang County's sustainable development.

Keywords: Ecosystem services value, Moso bamboo forest (Phyllostachys pubescens), Evaluation, Suichang County, Chinese Fir forest. tried to make an investigation on 9 indicators of 6 ecosystem services in Moso bamboo forest. In order INTRODUCTION to get the total value of ecosystem services and survey for 6 ecosystem services value which one has The forest ecosystem service function refers to the the highest benefits in Suichang County. It provided a forest ecosystems and ecological processes that reference basis for the similar region to evaluate and formed and maintained by the natural environmental analysis Moso bamboo forest ecosystem services conditions and their effectiveness for human survival, value. and the forest ecological system has special ecological significance to maintain the natural MATERIALS AND METHODS ecological system pattern, function and process. Therefore, objective evaluation of forest ecosystem 1. Study sites services function is of great significance to the study Suichang county is located in the southwest of of forest resources protection and science Zhejiang Province, located in the source of the (DAILY,1997;ZHAO et al,2004). Forest ecosystem as Oujiang and the Qian Tang River, and Wuyi, the most complicated ecosystem on land, and in the East, City and evaluation for its service function has become a hot Pucheng County in the south, City in the global research in recent years. Internal research of west, City in the northwest, Longyou, soil and water conservation since the 1980s (GUO et City in the north. Between east longitude 118 ° 41 ′ - al,2008) .The study on the forest ecosystem services 119 ° 30 ′ north latitude 28 ° 13 ′ -18 ° 49 ′. Suichang function mainly in natural forest and ecological forest county is a typical mountainous county, because of at present (ZHANG et al,2011;ZHAO et al,2012;WANG mountains are greater than the sum of low mountains, et al,2012), less in Moso bamboo forest. It is the one hills, plains, and known as "9 hills half water half of the bamboo and provided with economic, minutes of cropland", its elevation in 153-1724.2 m. ecological, social benefits (JIN et al,2006;PAN et There has a pleasure climate that is subtropical al,2010). Generally there is no literature, evaluation on monsoon type, and climate differences are distinct in Moso bamboo forest ecosystem service function mountains. Average annual precipitation is 1510 mm, value mainly focused on the single service function of annual average temperature of 16.8 ℃ , relative ecological system in the territory of Zhejiang, and humidity 80%, red soil and yellow soil in the main. there is not the comprehensive evaluation. The author The total land area is 254000 hm2, forest area of

Corresponding Author: Guosheng Wen, Nurturing Station for State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Siviculture,Zhejiang Agriculure and Forestry University, 311300, Lin’an, China. E-mail:[email protected],TEL:13989886910 1163

Adv. J. Food Sci. Technol.,5(9):1163-1167,2013

209000 hm2, forest coverage rate of 82.3% in the and transportation(Public data is 12.6 yuan·m -3)； Suichang County. Moso bamboo forest area is 17900 ρ—Soil bulk density (t·m-3)。U —The annual value 2 F hm , accounted for 8.54% in the main forest types. of forest fertility conservation(yuan·a-1)；N—Soil N 2. Data sources content(%) ； P—Soil P content(%) ； K—Soil K (1) Forestry Bureau in Suichang County investigated ； and monitored data and collected Moso bamboo content(%) M—Soil organic matter mass fraction forest data in the surrounding cities; (%)；R1—Diammonium phosphate N content(%)； (2) According to specifications for assessment of R2—Diammonium phosphate P content (%)；R3— forest ecosystem service function (LY/T 1721-2008) Potassium chloride K content(%)；C1—The price of by forestry industry standard of the people's Republic Diammonium phosphate (Public data is 2400 yuan·t- 1 of China(SFB,2008). We used its 11 public data )；C2—The price of Potassium chloride (Public data which issued by the relevant authority. -1 is 2200 yuan·t )；C3—The price of organic matter 3. Evaluate forest ecosystem services value method (Public data is 320 yuan·t-1). Evaluation on Moso bamboo forest ecosystem 3.3 C fixation and O2 release services value in Suichang County, mainly referring ① The value of forest C fixation： to "Specifications for assessment of forest ecosystem U =AC (1.63R B +F ) (4) service function" (LY/T 1721-2008) and "The c c c c ② ： assessment of forest ecosystem services in China The value of forest O2 release "(SFB,2008), included six ecosystem service function Uo2=1.19Co2AB (5) such as water storage, soil conservation, C fixation Where U —The annual value of forest C fixation(yuan·a-1)； and O2 release, nutrients accumulation, environment c -2 -1 purification, biodiversity conservation, a total of 9 B—Forest net productivity(t·hm ·a )；Fc—Per unit indicators. Besides, the anion index to reflect area of forest carbon sequestration in soil(t·hm-2·a- 1 environment purification. Forest ecosystem services )；Cc—The price of C fixation(Public data is 1200 -1 of annual total value by 6 the value of ecosystem yuan·t ) ； Rc—Carbon content in carbon dioxide service function is showed as a sum. 2 (Public data is 27.27%)；A—Area(hm )；Uo2—The 3.1 Water storage annual value of forest O release (yuan·a-1)；C — The value of water storage consisted of the value 2 o2 The price of O (Public data is 1000 yuan·t-1) 。 of forest adjust water and purify water. 2 3.4 Nutrients accumulation ① The value of forest adjust water: The calculation of nutrients accumulation value UA =10CA（V1+V2+V3） (1) converted into potassium chloride fertilizer and ② The value of forest purify water: Diammonium phosphate fertilizer method. UP =10KA（V1+V2+V3） (2) The value of forest nutrients accumulation:

The value of forest water storage: UN=AB（NNC1/R1+PNC1/R2+KNC2/R3） (6) U =UA+UP Where Where UN—The value of forest nutrients accumulation -1 -2 -1 V1—The canopy interception water storage capacity (yuan·a )；B—Forest net productivity(t·hm ·a )； (mm·a-1) ； V —The litter lays water storage 2 NN—Forest N content (%) ； PN—Forest P capacity(mm·a-1)；V —Noncapillary porosity water 3 content(%) ； KN—Forest K content(%) ； R1— -1 2 storage capacity (mm·a ) ；A—Area(hm )；C—The Diammonium phosphate N content (Public data is cost of reservoir capacity(Public data is 6.110 14%) ； R2—Diammonium phosphate P content yuan·m-3)；K—The cost of water purification(Public (Public data is 15.01%)；R3—potassium chloride K data is 2.09 yuan·t-1)； U—The value of forest water content(Public data is 50%) ； C1—The price of -1 storage (yuan·a )；UA—The value of forest adjust Diammonium phosphate fertilizer(Public data is 2400 -1 -1 water(yuan·a ) ； UP—The value of forest purify yuan·t ) ； C2—The price of potassium chloride water(yuan·a-1) . fertilizer (Public data is 2200 yuan·t-1); A—Area 3.2 Soil conservation (hm2). Forest soil conservation consisted of forest soil 3.5 Environment purification fixing and forest fertility conservation. The value of anion is to reflect the value of ① The value of forest soil fixing: environment purification. According to the negative US= AC(X2－X1)/ρ (3) oxygen ion generator in Taizhou Kelida electronic ② The value of forest fertility conservation: limited company of Zhejiang province infer anion life is 10min, each producing 1018 anion for the cost of UF=A(X2-X1)(NC1/R1+PC1/R2+KC2/R3+MC3) 5.8185 yuan.( The range of 30 m2, Power 6W, Anion Where -3 - concentration of 100000·cm , Life is 10a, The price US—The annual value of forest soil fixing(yuan·a 1)；X —Soil erosion modulus(t·hm-2·a-1)；X —Non is 65 yuan one, Model for the KLD2000.) 1 2 The annual value of anion: forest land soil erosion modulus(t·hm-2·a-1) ； A— Ua=5.256×5.8158/1018×AH(Qa-600)/L (7) Area(hm2)；C—The costs of earthwork excavation

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Where Bamboo has a strong root system network, make -1 Ua—The annual value of forest anion (yuan·a )； bamboo forest soil structure is good, make soil Q —The concentration of forest anion (·cm-3)；L— erosion resistance performance enhancements(MA et a The anion life (min)；H—Forest height (m)；A— al,2009) and rich litter layer can avoid rain splash Area(hm2). erosion and runoff(WANG et al,2010). Due to soil 3.6 Biodiversity conservation organic matter accumulation effect is greater than Selection of species conservation index is to reflect decomposition effect, and thus Moso bamboo forest forest biodiversity conservation. Using the Shannon- has stronger ability of soil conservation(JIANG et Wiener index is to calculate the value of biodiversity al,2008). According to equation (3) calculated that the conservation. annual value of forest soil fixing and fertility The annual value of forest biodiversity conservation: conservation were respectively 7.50 million yuan and 73.50 million yuan. In that way, the annual value of UB=SBA (8) Where Moso bamboo forest soil conservation was 81.00 U —The annual value of forest biodiversity million yuan. B 3. C fixation and O release conservation(yuan·a-1) ； S —Unit area the cost of 2 B The particularity of bamboo root makes Moso -2 -1 ； 2 species loss(yuan·hm ·a ) A—Area(hm ). bamboo forest area each year to increasing at the rate of 3%. Moso bamboo forest not only can absorb RESULTS carbon dioxide, still can release 35% more oxygen than other plants. This means that the bamboo forest According to the above method(SFB,2008), the carbon sinks is a constantly expanding, has high research results showed that Moso bamboo forest five value of carbon fixation oxygen release (ZHOU et years before and after comparison of ecosystem al,2010). According to equation (4) (5) calculated that services value in Suichang County (Table 1). the annual value of forest carbon fixation and oxygen release were respectively 113.00 million yuan and 1. Water storage 218.00 million yuan. In that way, the annual value of Effects of forest water storage has three factors Moso bamboo forest carbon fixation and oxygen (that is he canopy interception, litter water storage, release were 331.00 million yuan. soil storage capacity)(XIAO et al,2009), by 4. Nutrients accumulation measuring the three levels of water capacity was According to the increase NPK content of Moso Moso bamboo forest the amount of water bamboo forest and equation (6) calculated that the conservation in Suichang County. Due to large annual value of forest nutrients accumulation was bamboo forest distribution area rainfall, and high 21.60 million yuan. density, wide spreading, multiple levels, and bamboo 5. Environment purification forest canopy interception efficiency is better(MA et According to the anion quantity of Moso bamboo al,2009).Moso bamboo forest canopy interception forest and equation (7) calculated that the annual -2 amount 252.51mm·hm , slightly higher than the value of forest environment purification was 32.20 same type research(LI et al,2011;WANG et million yuan. al,2008;HUANG et al,2009). The Moso bamboo forest 6. Biodiversity conservation -2 litter water volume is 4.13mm·hm , soil water The Shannon-Wiener index of Moso bamboo -2 storage capacity of 248.89 mm·hm . According to forest in Suichang County was 0.28 and its rank was equation (1) (2) calculated that the annual value of Ⅶ. According to equation (8) and table 2 calculated forest adjust water and purify water were respectively that the annual value of forest biodiversity 552.00 million yuan and 189.00 million yuan. In that conservation was 53.60 million yuan. way, the annual value of Moso bamboo forest water 7. The change trend of ecosystem services value storage was 741.00 million yuan. (1) Moso bamboo forest ecosystem services value in 2. Soil conservation Suichang County was 1260.40 million yuan, and up

Table1 Moso bamboo forest five years before and after comparison of ecosystem services value

Ecosystem services 2010/million yuan•a-1 2005/million yuan•a-1 Growth rate/%

Water storage 741.00 505.9 46.47

Soil conservation 81.00 68.2 18.77

C fixation and O2 rel ease 331.00 281.9 17.42

Nutrients accumulation 21.60 18.3 18.03

Environment purification 32.20 30.6 5.23

Biodiversity conservation 53.60 52.7 1.71

Total 1260.40 957.6 31.62

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31.62% over five years ago (Table 1). By Moso (1)Our calculations show that the value of water bamboo forest five years of growth, the 6 ecosystem storage was far great than the others, and its value

40 -1 ·a -2 35 Chinese fir forest 30 P.pubescens forest yuan·hm

3 25

20

15

10

5

0 Water storage Soil conservation C fixation and Nutrients Environment Biodiversity

Ecosystem services value /10 O2 release accumulation purification conservation

Fig.1 The comparison of P.pubecens and Chinese fir forest ecosystem services value in Suichang County services value has increased, one of the biggest was respectively C fixation and O2 release, soil growth for water storage function, accounting for conservation, biodiversity conservation, environment 43.18% of the total growth. Function of water storage purification, nutrients accumulation value of 2.24 efficiency is the fastest and Moso bamboo forest times,9.15 times,13.82 times,23.01 times,34.30 times. growth has promoting effect on it in the local Moso This shows that water storage value in the value of bamboo forest ecosystem service function. At the ecosystem services was an important role in the local same time, the local Moso bamboo forest six Moso bamboo forest. ecosystem services value increase with forest stand (2)The sum of water storage and C fixation and O2 growth, expanding forest land area. release value account for more than 85% Moso (2) Research in Chinese fir forest on the same test bamboo forest ecosystem services value in Suichang with the region at the same time, the local Chinese fir County. Both of this was 5.69 times the sum of the forest ecosystem services value is higher than the others. Hence, increases in Moso bamboo forest Moso bamboo forest there, this is due to the area of production will protect the Qiantang River and Chinese fir forest area is more than Moso bamboo Oujiang River and likely be good for ecological forest area. As is showed in the fig 1,unit area Moso tourism. bamboo forest ecosystem services value of water (3)Unit area Moso bamboo forest was more than storage, soil conservation, C fixation and O2 release, Chinese fir forest in six ecosystem services value, nutrients accumulation, environment purification, demonstrating the ecosystem services value of local biodiversity conservation were Chinese fir forest Moso bamboo forest was better than Chinese fir ecosystem services value of 1.89 times, 1.09 times, forest. Reflect the greatest advantage in terms of 1.18 times, 2.28 times, 1.56 times and 1 times. nutrients accumulation value.

Table2 Classification and the magnitude of value of the Shannon- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Wiener index The authors thank the National Natural Science -2 -1 Rank Shannon-Wiener index Price (yuan·hm ·a ) Foundation of China (31270497,30972397) for Ⅰ N≥6 50000 support.

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