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OM85 Basic Properties of Optical Materials, Summaries of Papers (Topical Conference on Basic Properties of Optical Materials)

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NATL INST OF STAND & TECH NBS PUBLICATIONS A111D7 25=1731 OF c NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 697 T Q U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/National Bureau of Standards OM85 BASIC PROPERTIES OF OPTICALvr I i vriL MATERIALSiiini Mmm ill r\ &m SUMMARIES OF PAPERS he National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau's technical work is performed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National Engineering Laboratory, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Center for Materials Science. The National Measurement Laboratory 2 Provides the national system of physical and chemical measurement; • Basic Standards coordinates the system with measurement systems of other nations and • Radiation Research furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical and • Chemical Physics chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, in- • Analytical Chemistry dustry, and commerce; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; conducts physical and chemical research; develops, produces, and distributes Standard Reference "Materials; and provides calibration services. The Laboratory consists of the following centers: The National Engineering Laboratory Provides technology and technical services to the public and private sectors to Applied Mathematics address national needs and to solve national problems; conducts research in Electronics and Electrical 2 engineering and applied science in support of these efforts; builds and main- Engineering tains competence in the necessary disciplines required to carry out this Manufacturing Engineering research and technical service; develops engineering data and measurement Building Technology capabilities; provides engineering measurement traceability services; develops Fire Research 2 test methods and proposes engineering standards and code changes; develops Chemical Engineering and proposes new engineering practices; and develops and improves mechanisms to transfer results of its research to the ultimate user. The Laboratory consists of the following centers: The Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology Conducts research and provides scientific and technical services to aid Programming Science and Federal agencies in the selection, acquisition, application, and use of com- Technology puter technology to improve effectiveness and economy in Government Computer Systems operations in accordance with Public Law 89-306 (40 U.S.C. 759), relevant Engineering Executive Orders, and other directives; carries out this mission by managing the Federal Information Processing Standards Program, developing Federal ADP standards guidelines, and managing Federal participation in ADP voluntary standardization activities; provides scientific and technological ad- visory services and assistance to Federal agencies; and provides the technical foundation for computer-related policies of the Federal Government. The In- stitute consists of the following centers: The Center for Materials Science Conducts research and provides measurements, data, standards, reference Inorganic Materials 3 materials, quantitative understanding and other technical information funda- Fracture and Deformation mental to the processing, structure, properties and performance of materials; Polymers addresses the scientific basis for new advanced materials technologies; plans Metallurgy research around cross-country scientific themes such as nondestructive Reactor Radiation evaluation and phase diagram development; oversees Bureau-wide technical programs in nuclear reactor radiation research and nondestructive evalua- tion; and broadly disseminates generic technical information resulting from its programs. The Center consists of the following Divisions: 'Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, MD, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Gaithersburg, MD 20899. 2 Some divisions within the center are located at Boulder, CO 80303. 'Located at Boulder, CO, with some elements at Gaithersburg, MD. #ATION/a BVPW £>F SlRUD/i.T.DB OM85 LIBRARY Basic Properties of Optical Materials Summaries of Papers . „ ., llo , Presented at the Topical Conference on Basic Properties of Optical Materials Held at the National Bureau of Standards Gaithersburg, Maryland, May 7-9, 1985 Edited by: Albert Feldman Center for Materials Science Inorganic Materials Division National Bureau of Standards Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 Sponsored by: U.S. Department of Commerce National Bureau of Standards Center for Materials Science Inorganic Materials Division Center for Electronics and Electrical Engineering Semiconductor Materials and Processes Division American Physical Society Air Force Office of Scientific Research In Cooperation with: Optical Society of America SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering et»T OF 2 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director Issued April 1985 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 85-600534 National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 697 Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 697, 294 pages (Apr. 1985) CODEN: XNBSAV U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1985 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 Foreword This Special Publication contains summaries of papers to be presented at the Topical Conference on Basic Properties of Optical Materials to be held at the National Bureau of Standards in Gaithersburg, Maryland on May 7-9, 1985. The use of optical materials in advanced applications such as optical signal processing, optical computing, integrated optics, optical coatings, optical domes, and laser windows is placing increasingly stringent requirements on material performance. The purpose of this conference is to bring together researchers from industry, academia, and government to discuss the physical and structural properties of optical materials as they affect performance. The scope of the conference includes the measurement and theory of basic properties of optical materials in bulk and in thin film form and the dependence of these properties on atomic structure, morphological structure, impurity content, and inhomogeneity . The principal topical areas are: - Influence of microstructure on properties - Waveguide materials, guided modes, surface plasmons - Nonlinear phenomena, bistability, photorefractive effect - Semiconductors and modulated structures - Thin films - Organics and polymers - Glasses - Metals - Electro-optic, magneto-optic materials - Optical constants and other properties - Ultraviolet, visible, infrared properties - Optical spectroscopies The importance of optical materials to the international research community is attested to by the large number of papers from abroad,, This publication contains summaries of 70 papers which include 17 invited papers. The manuscripts have been prepared by the authors in camera- ready form, and any questions pertaining to their content should be addressed to those authors. Albert Feldman Chairperson iii Program and Editorial Committee Albert Feldman - Chairperson Alastair M. Glass National Bureau of Standards AT&T Bell Laboratories Michael I. Bell Arthur H. Guenther National Bureau of Standards Air Force Weapons Laboratory Bernard Bendow H. Angus Macleod The BDM Corporation University of Arizona H. E. Bennett Edward Palik Naval Weapons Center Naval Research Laboratory Samuel Ditman Armand R. Tanguay, Jr. Naval Surface Weapons Center University of Southern California H. P. R. Frederikse Van Wood Bureau of Standards Battelle Memorial Institute Acknowledgments We wish to thank the following individuals for their invaluable assistance in preparing for the conference and this summary: Kathy Kilmer, Mary Nestor, Susan Roth, Carolyn Sladic, Kathy Stang, Lillian Ware, Judy Wilson. Special thanks are due to Jane Walters, Kathy Gallo, and Brenda Kefauver for typing the conference program, for retyping several of the manuscripts, and for assembling and editing the completed Summary of Papers Disclaimer Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials may be identified in this publication in order to adequately specify the experimental procedure. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Bureau of Standards, nor does it imply that the material or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for the purpose. iv CONTENTS Page Foreword iii Keynote Address—Progress in Optical Materials Research 1 *I. P. Kaminow EFFECTS OF MICROSTRUCTURE Determination of Microstructure from Spectrophotometry and Spectroellipsometry 5 *D. E. Aspnes Light Scattering from Dielectric and Metallic Microstructures 11 *R. K. Chang and P. W. Barber Characterization of Optical Materials and Surfaces Using Time-Domain Ref lectometry 17 A. G. Lieberman Theory of Light Scattering from a Rough Surface with a Nonlocal Inhomogeneous Dielectric Permittivity 21 J. M. Elson INFRARED MATERIALS Optical Properties of Metals in the Infrared - the Drude Model, Problems with It, and Non-Local Optics
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