DOCSLIB.ORG

Priming and Habituation for Faces: Individual Differences and Inversion Effects

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Priming and Habituation for Faces: Individual Differences and Inversion Effects Journal of Experimental Psychology: © 2010 American Psychological Association Human Perception and Performance 0096-1523/10/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0018737 2010, Vol. 36, No. 3, 596–618 Priming and Habituation for Faces: Individual Differences and Inversion Effects Cory A. Rieth and David E. Huber University of California, San Diego Immediate repetition priming for faces was examined across a range of prime durations in a threshold identification task. Similar to word repetition priming results, short duration face primes produced positive priming whereas long duration face primes eliminated or reversed this effect. A habituation model of such priming effects predicted that the speed of identification should relate to the prime duration needed to achieve negative priming. We used face priming to test this prediction in two ways. First, we examined the relationship between priming effects and individual differences in the target duration needed for threshold performance. Second, we compared priming of upright and inverted faces. As predicted, the transition from positive to negative priming as a function of prime duration occurred more slowly for inverted faces and for individuals with longer threshold target durations. Additional experi- ments ruled out alternative explanations. Keywords: face perception, short-term priming, individual differences, habituation Searching for a face in a crowd is a seemingly easy task. other tasks and stimuli. To explore the generality of this account, However, to complete this task, we must identify the subtle dif- we examined face identification because it is a type of perceptual ferences between different faces while generalizing face recogni- expertise that is thought to differ from word reading in a variety of tion across variations in image size, orientation, hairstyle, lighting, ways. Beyond generalization to a new stimulus class, face identi- and other more salient perceptual dimensions. Because a crowd is fication allowed us to test a key prediction of this account. Because in constant motion, and because we generally wish to find a identification is the driving force behind habituation, situations desired face quickly, not much time is afforded to consider each that allow faster identification should also produce faster habitu- face. Nonetheless, some minimum duration is needed to integrate ation and thus faster prime discounting. In the reported experi- sufficient information for identification. The constant integration ments we tested this prediction in two ways. First, we compared of perceptual input over time implies the possibility that we may individuals who could identify a target face with short exposure incorrectly blend together one face and the next as our eyes scan durations to those who needed a longer duration. Second, we across positions, or as the crowd moves. However, we do not compared upright and inverted faces because inverted faces are suffer greatly from such source confusion between successive more difficult to recognize. For both of these tests, we examined faces. To explain this and other results involving the effects of immediate face repetition priming to assess temporal discounting. successively presented stimuli, we suggest that the perceptual To motivate Experiment 1, which examined individual differ- system includes a discounting mechanism that appropriately re- ences in face habituation as indicated by priming, we next (1) duces the response to a previously presented face, and this reduc- present the a theory of temporal segregation through habituation; tion serves to offset the effect of source confusion. (2) review previous work with word priming based on average Huber and O’Reilly (2003) proposed that neural habituation is performance; (3) present a reanalysis of individual differences the basic mechanism behind temporal discounting, which automat- with word priming, which failed to confirm the predicted individ- ically parses the stream of perceptual events. This theory was ual differences; and (4) review previous word on habituation with developed to explain priming effects with words, and the model faces. correctly predicted a variety of lexical effects as well as electro- physiological recordings when viewing words. Because habitua- tion is a general mechanism, similar effects should exist with many Temporal Segregation Through Habituation The integration of information over time while avoiding tem- poral source confusion is a general problem in perception and Cory A. Rieth and David E. Huber, Department of Psychology, University these effects are likely to exist beyond the domains of face per- of California, San Diego. ception and word priming. Our perceptual system effortlessly This research was supported by NIMH Grants MH63993-01, MH063993- separates the constant stream of input into discrete objects and 04, and by NSF IGERT Grant DGE-0333451 to GW Cottrell/VR de Sa. The authors would like to thank Jim Tanaka for his generosity in allowing for the events. Nonetheless, this temporal segregation is not trivial, re- use of his real face stimuli. quiring neither too little nor too much integration in calculating Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Cory A. both where and when one object begins and another ends. Tem- Rieth, Department of Psychology, 0109, 9500 Gilman Drive, University of poral integration allows the perceptual system to appropriately California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0109. E-mail: [email protected] combine different features contained within a single object, such as 596 PRIMING AND HABITUATION FOR FACES 597 when an object is partially blocked by a moving occluder. How- both in magnitude and duration (i.e., habituation follows on the ever, too much integration can inappropriately blend perception of heels of identification). a previous object with a subsequent object (e.g., combining Ernie’s This hypothesis predicts a specific relationship between the eyes with Bert’s nose). This problem of temporal segregation speed of identification and the speed of habituation. For instance, cannot be solved with fixed discrete timing intervals considering individuals who identify a class of object more quickly (i.e., that each stimulus in each situation may necessitate a different individuals who have greater perceptual expertise) should produce time scale for proper temporal segregation. Instead, we suggest priming data indicative of greater habituation. As reported below that there is a constant interplay between the process of integrating in a reanalysis of Experiment 1 from Huber (2008b), this predic- the current percept and the process of discounting percepts that tion was not confirmed for threshold identification of words. were previously identified. Before presenting this reanalysis, we review results using this Mechanisms that reduce inappropriate perceptual blending particular priming paradigm with words. while maintaining appropriate perceptual binding have been pro- posed both at the cognitive level, such as in Treisman’s feature Habituation Effects With Immediate Word Priming integration theory (Treisman & Gelade, 1980) or Biedermann’s GEON theory (Hummel & Biederman, 1992), as well as at the Immediate word priming has been used for more than 30 years neural level, such as with Singer’s synchrony theory (Singer, to measure various aspects of language (e.g., Meyer & Schvan- 1999) or Grossberg’s adaptive resonance theory (Carpenter & eveldt, 1971). However, in our work, we use word priming to Grossberg, 2003). To bridge these levels of description, we have investigate the basic mechanisms behind perceptual identification addressed the problem of temporal segregation by proposing in- and lexical retrieval—mechanisms that may well generalize to terrelated models in terms of optimal Bayesian ‘explaining away’ other stimuli and other tasks. Priming is traditionally measured (Huber, Shiffrin, Lyle, & Ruys, 2001; Huber, 2008a) as well as with speed of lexical decision, speed of naming, or accuracy in the with a specific neural account in the form of habituation through form of threshold identification. For threshold identification, the synaptic depression (Huber & O’Reilly, 2003). In line with David task is usually to name the briefly flashed word (e.g., Meyer, Marr’s levels of explanation (Marr, 1982), we seek to find a Schvanevedlt, & Ruddy, 1975), although forced-choice testing mapping between the computational “why” and the implementa- provides a variant of threshold identification that allows separate tional “how” of perceptual segregation through discounting. measurement of the costs and benefits of priming (e.g., Ratcliff & For word priming, perceptual discounting through neural habit- McKoon, 1997) by comparing conditions that prime the correct uation has been examined both with behavioral measures as well answer (the target primed condition) versus conditions that prime as with neural measures. Behaviorally, repetition word priming the incorrect answer (the foil primed condition). Huber et al. was found to produce a gradual transition from positive priming (2001) adopted this paradigm for the study of immediate priming (more accurate identification of primed targets) to negative prim- effects as a function of the duration and degree of processing for ing1 (less accurate identification of primed targets) as a function of primes (see Figure 1 for the equivalent paradigm using faces). increasing prime duration (Huber, 2008b; Huber, Shiffrin, Lyle, & With this paradigm, short duration primes produced
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Inhibition in the Dynamics of Selective Attention: an Integrative Model for Negative Priming
    Edinburgh Research Explorer Inhibition in the dynamics of selective attention: an integrative model for negative priming Citation for published version: Herrmann, JM 2012, 'Inhibition in the dynamics of selective attention: an integrative model for negative priming' Frontiers in Psychology, pp. 103. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00491 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00491 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Frontiers in Psychology General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 05. Apr. 2019 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 15 November 2012 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00491 Inhibition in the dynamics of selective attention: an integrative model for negative priming Hecke Schrobsdorff 1,2,3*, Matthias Ihrke 1,3, Jörg Behrendt 1,4, Marcus Hasselhorn1,4,5 and J. Michael Herrmann1,6 1 Bernstein Center
    [Show full text]
  • Negative Priming Processing in Schizophrenic Patients with High and Low Symptoms
    Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2012, 2 (5):1897-1901 ISSN: 2248 –9215 CODEN (USA): EJEBAU Negative Priming Processing in Schizophrenic Patients with High and Low Symptoms Ali-Reza Babadi 1, Elham Foroozandeh 2, Mohamad Zare-Neyestanak 2, Mohamad-Ali Goodarzi 3 1Department of Psychology, Payam Noor University, Esfahan, Iran 2Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Naein Branch, Naein, Iran 3Department of Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTARCT The aim of this study was to have a comparison among the schizophrenic patients with high positive symptoms and schizophrenic patients with low positive symptoms and normal individuals in negative priming effect test. The findings indicate that the main effect of negative priming and interaction effect of group*hemisphere are not significant. However, it indicates that there is a significant difference among the groups in terms of the extent of negative priming. These findings confirm the assumption that processing reaction time of negative priming in schizophrenia significantly differs with normal persons. Also it can be concluded that negative priming in schizophrenic patients in acute stage decreased comparing to the chronic patients and normal group. Findings are discussed based on changes in dopaminergic system. Keywords: Negative Priming Processing, Schizophrenia _____________________________________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Adaptations of temporal dynamics Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/06w2r9j6 Author Rieth, Cory Alan Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Adaptations of temporal dynamics: Faces, places, and words A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology and Cognitive Science by Cory Alan Rieth Committee in charge: Professor David E. Huber, Chair Professor Garrison W. Cottrell Professor Karen R. Dobkins Professor Donald MacLeod Professor Angela J. Yu 2012 The Dissertation of Cory Alan Rieth is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2012 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page............................................................................................................ iii Table of Contents........................................................................................................ iv List of Figures............................................................................................................. vi List of Tables.............................................................................................................. viii Acknowledgements...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2.33 Implicit Memory and Priming W
    2.33 Implicit Memory and Priming W. D. Stevens, G. S. Wig, and D. L. Schacter, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA ª 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2.33.1 Introduction 623 2.33.2 Influences of Explicit Versus Implicit Memory 624 2.33.3 Top-Down Attentional Effects on Priming 626 2.33.3.1 Priming: Automatic/Independent of Attention? 626 2.33.3.2 Priming: Modulated by Attention 627 2.33.3.3 Neural Mechanisms of Top-Down Attentional Modulation 629 2.33.4 Specificity of Priming 630 2.33.4.1 Stimulus Specificity 630 2.33.4.2 Associative Specificity 632 2.33.4.3 Response Specificity 632 2.33.5 Priming-Related Increases in Neural Activation 634 2.33.5.1 Negative Priming 634 2.33.5.2 Familiar Versus Unfamiliar Stimuli 635 2.33.5.3 Sensitivity Versus Bias 636 2.33.6 Correlations between Behavioral and Neural Priming 637 2.33.7 Summary and Conclusions 640 References 641 2.33.1 Introduction stimulus that result from a previous encounter with the same or a related stimulus. Priming refers to an improvement or change in the When considering the link between behavioral identification, production, or classification of a stim- and neural priming, it is important to acknowledge ulus as a result of a prior encounter with the same or that functional neuroimaging relies on a number of a related stimulus (Tulving and Schacter, 1990). underlying assumptions. First, changes in informa- Cognitive and neuropsychological evidence indi- tion processing result in changes in neural activity cates that priming reflects the operation of implicit within brain regions subserving these processing or nonconscious processes that can be dissociated operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence from the Spatial Negative Priming Paradigm Dima Amso*, Scott P
    Cognition 95 (2005) B27–B36 www.elsevier.com/locate/COGNIT Brief article Selection and inhibition in infancy: evidence from the spatial negative priming paradigm Dima Amso*, Scott P. Johnson Department of Psychology, 6 Washington Place, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA Received 5 July 2004; accepted 2 August 2004 Abstract We used a spatial negative priming (SNP) paradigm to examine visual selective attention in infants and adults using eye movements as the motor selection measure. In SNP, when a previously ignored location becomes the target to be selected, responses to it are impaired, providing a measure of inhibitory selection. Each trial consisted of a prime and a probe, separated by 67, 200, or 550 ms interstimulus intervals (ISIs). In the prime, a target was accompanied by a distractor. In the probe, the target appeared either in the location formerly occupied by the distractor (ignored repetition) or in another location (control). Adults exhibited the SNP effect in all three ISI conditions, producing slower saccade latencies on ignored repetition versus control trials. The SNP effect obtained for infants only under 550 and 200 ms ISI conditions. These results suggest that important developments in visual selection are rooted in emerging inhibitory mechanisms. q 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Selective attention; Spatial negative priming; Inhibition; Eye tracking; Infant perception Efficient allocation of visual attention is critical to learning in infancy. To organize the world into coherent percepts, an infant must attend to certain environmental features while simultaneously ignoring others. This requires selection of relevant stimuli for processing and inhibition of those that are irrelevant.
    [Show full text]
  • Inhibition of Return in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
    Anxiety Disorders 19 (2005) 117–126 Inhibition of return in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder Steffen Moritza,*, Adrian von Mu¨hlenenb aHospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Hamburg, Klinik fu¨r Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany bDepartment of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z4 Received 24 March 2003; received in revised form 12 November 2003; accepted 17 November 2003 Abstract The present study is aimed at replicating and extending previous results by Nelson et al. [Psychiatry Res. 49 (1993) 183], who found decreased inhibition of return (IOR) in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Thirty OCD patients, 14 psychiatric, and 14 healthy controls participated in a visual cueing experiment. The task required detection of a target stimulus at one of two possible locations. Prior to the target, an uninformative cue appeared at one of these two locations. The Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA) between the cue and the target was systematically varied. We were especially interested in whether severity of OCD symptoms would be negatively correlated with inhibition for previously occupied locations. In accordance with prior research on healthy participants all groups displayed a comparable response pattern: facilitation at the short SOA condition and increasing IOR for the longer SOA conditions. Medication, comorbid depression, and OCD severity did not consistently moderate these effects. # 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Obsessive-compulsive disorder; Inhibition of return; Disinhibition; Attention * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ49-40-42803-6565; fax: þ49-40-42803-2999. E-mail address: [email protected] (S.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. 1 No. 2 May 1996 Section 4 Page
    COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHIATRY, 1996, 1 (2), 125±149 Attentional Inhibition in Schizophrenia and Schizotypy: A Spatial Negative Priming Study 1Sohee Park, 2Mark F. Lenzenweger, 3 JoÈ rg PuÈ schel, and 4 Philip S. Holzman 1 Northwestern University, Evanston, USA 2Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA 3 University Hospital ZuÈ rich, Switzerland 4Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA We investigated attentional inhibition in schizophrenia with a spatial negative priming task. In Study 1, we compared acutely psychotic schizophrenic inpatients with chronic schizophrenic outpatients in remission. Acute patients showed absence of spatial negative priming, in contrast to the chronic outpatients who displayed intact inhibition. In Study 2, we found that spatial negative priming was abolished in healthy, first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients, indicating a possible impairment of attentional inhibition, in the absence of medication. In Study 3, we examined the individual differences in spatial negative priming in relation to schizotypy. A small reduction in negative prime effect was found in the schizotypic subjects. Reduced negative priming was much more pronounced in schizotypic women than in schizotypic men, indicating a possible influence of gender. INTRODUCTION One of the cognitive deficits that may characterise schizophrenia is an increase in distractibility coupled with attentional impairments (see Nuechterlein & Dawson, 1984). Patients with schizophrenia seem unable to focus on the relevant stimuli while ignoring the irrelevant (e.g. McGhie & Chapman, 1961; Shakow, 1962). Such observations have led to the formulation of hypotheses Requests for reprints should be sent to Sohee Park, Department of Psychology, and Institute for Neuroscience, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-2710, USA; E- mail: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence for Negative Priming in Children
    Evidence for Negative Priming in Children A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Psychology in the University of Canterbury by Verena Pritchard University of Canterbury, 2002 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not have eventuated without the participation of 150 children. To them, to their parents who gave consent, to their teachers who kept losing children from their classes, and to the Heads of Paparoa Street Primary School (Sue Ashworth), Waimairi Primary School (Philip Harding), Roydvale Primary School (Jan Barrow), and Kirkwood Intermediate School (Virginia Ffitch) who welcomed me and provided facilities, I offer my sincere thanks. Dr Ewald Neumann, Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, has willingly shared with me his expert knowledge and research skills in the area of Negative Priming. His enthusiasm for this project, his guidance and suggestions at all stages of my work, and his most generous allocation of time to supervision are gratefully acknowledged. To those others who have supported, encouraged and assisted me in various ways and at various times while I have been preoccupied in this study, I also extend my thanks. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Number ~ist ()f 1ral>les ••••••••• ~ ••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••.•••••.•••• 3 ~ist ()fJ?igllres .•.••..•.•..•.•...••..•.•..••.••..•..••.••.•.•••..•....•...••..•••.••••.... 4 Abstract ................................................................................... 5 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • CROSS-LANGUAGE NEGATIVE PRIMING from UNATTENDED NUMBER WORDS: EXTENSION to a NON-ALPHABETIC LANGUAGE a Thesis Submitted in Parti
    CROSS-LANGUAGE NEGATIVE PRIMING FROM UNATTENDED NUMBER WORDS: EXTENSION TO A NON-ALPHABETIC LANGUAGE A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology in the University of Canterbury by Lin Li University of Canterbury 2016 1 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Drs. Zhe Chen and Ewald Neumann for their mentoring, support, and patience in supervising this thesis. They provided valuable input in every stage of the project: from designing experiments, analysing and interpreting data, to commenting on numerous drafts. I would also like to thank Zhe for her care when a car accident happened to my family; and Paul Russell for his constructive comments on my thesis proposal. Many thanks to the postgraduate office for arranging workshops and seminars for adult graduate students like me, to the secretaries in the psychology department for answering my questions, and to the librarians for their assistance in arranging Interloans. Special thanks to all the participants who have taken part in my experiments, and to the Chinese Students & Scholars Society of the University of Canterbury for helping me recruit Chinese-English bilinguals. The participants were the real “engine” driving this study forward. For the last two and a half years, the UCSA childcare centre has also provided wonderful care for my daughter so that I can finish this thesis in a timely fashion. There are many people who have directly or indirectly supported me. Mr. Yongqiu Liu and his family have generously sponsored the last stage of my study. Lijun Luo helped me extend my visa.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence from ERP and Source Reconstruction Analyses
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 15 June 2015 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00821 Neurodynamics of executive control processes in bilinguals: evidence from ERP and source reconstruction analyses Karin Heidlmayr1,BarbaraHemforth2, Sylvain Moutier3 and Frédéric Isel1,4* 1 Laboratory Vision Action Cognition – EA 7326, Institute of Psychology, Paris Descartes University – Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, 2 CNRS, Laboratory of Formal Linguistics, UMR 7110, Paris Diderot University – Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, 3 Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé – EA 4057, Institute of Psychology, Paris Descartes University – Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, 4 CNRS, Laboratory of Phonetics and Phonology, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France The present study was designed to examine the impact of bilingualism on the neuronal activity in different executive control processes namely conflict monitoring, control Edited by: implementation (i.e., interference suppression and conflict resolution) and overcoming Guillaume Thierry, of inhibition. Twenty-two highly proficient but non-balanced successive French–German Bangor University, UK bilingual adults and 22 monolingual adults performed a combined Stroop/Negative Reviewed by: Janet Van Hell, priming task while event-related potential (ERP) were recorded online. The data revealed Pennsylvania State University, USA that the ERP effects were reduced in bilinguals in comparison to monolinguals but only Jon Andoni Dunabeitia, in the Stroop task and limited to the N400
    [Show full text]
  • Temporal Negative Priming: Visual and Auditory Alexa C
    Bates College SCARAB Honors Theses Capstone Projects 5-2019 Temporal Negative Priming: Visual and Auditory Alexa C. M. Harrison Bates College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scarab.bates.edu/honorstheses Recommended Citation Harrison, Alexa C. M., "Temporal Negative Priming: Visual and Auditory" (2019). Honors Theses. 293. https://scarab.bates.edu/honorstheses/293 This Restricted: Embargoed [Open Access After Expiration] is brought to you for free and open access by the Capstone Projects at SCARAB. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of SCARAB. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Running head: TEMPORAL NEGATIVE PRIMING Temporal Negative Priming: Visual and Auditory Empirical Research Honors Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Psychology Bates College In partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the degree of the Bachelor of Arts By Alexa C. M. Harrison Lewiston, Maine [March 20th, 2019] TEMPORAL NEGATIVE PRIMING 2 Acknowledgments I would like to begin by thanking my advisor, Todd Kahan, for supporting me throughout this process. As daunting as thesis sometimes can be, Professor Kahan was instrumental in keeping me on track with my work, being open to new ideas and areas of research, and entering into engaging conversations about the complex theories which have all contributed to the creation of my thesis. In addition to Todd Kahan, I would also like to thank Louisa Slowiaczek and Melody Altschuler for not only being kind enough as to allow me to continue their research but even offer words of encouragement along the way.
    [Show full text]
  • Normal Auditory Negative Priming in Schizophrenic Patients
    THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2006, 59 (7), 1224–1236 Normal auditory negative priming in schizophrenic patients Anouk Zabal and Axel Buchner Heinrich-Heine-Universita¨t, Du¨sseldorf, Germany Performance of 28 schizophrenic patients and 28 matched controls was compared in an auditory priming task. A large auditory negative priming effect was obtained for the patients as well as for the control group, and the size of the negative priming effect was approximately the same for both groups. Under the same conditions, positive or repetition priming for the patients was enhanced compared to that of the control group. The present findings from an auditory priming task are con- sistent with a growing body of evidence from the visual domain showing normal rather than reduced or eliminated negative priming in schizophrenic patients. The negative priming phenomenon manifests 1977), negative priming reflects the operation of itself in slowed-down or more error-prone an inhibitory attentional selection mechanism reactions to recently ignored stimuli compared to that prevents access of recently ignored objects to those for control stimuli that are unrelated to the overt responses by suppressing competing distrac- previous stimuli (for reviews, see Fox, 1995; tor input. This inhibitory mechanism enables May, Kane, & Hasher, 1995; Neill, Valdes, & more efficient responding to the current target Terry, 1995; Tipper, 2001). Several models are under normal circumstances, but causes a delay currently available to explain the negative in responding when, as in a negative priming labo- priming phenomenon. Of these models, the so- ratory task, the previously ignored (and, hence, called distractor inhibition model has a special supposedly suppressed) distractor becomes the status not only because it is historically the oldest new target.
    [Show full text]