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Lass and Metal Curtain Walls g lass and metal curtain walls Best practice guide building technology CMHC offers a wide range of housing-related information. For details, contact your local CMHC office or call 1 800-668-2642. Cette publication est aussi disponible en français sous le titre : Guides des règles de l’art murs – rideaux en verre et métal— 63703 Public Works and Travaux publics et Government Services Services gouvernementaux Canada Canada Glass and Metal Curtain Walls CMHC—Home to Canadians Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) is the Government of Canada’s national housing agency.We help Canadians gain access to a wide choice of quality, affordable homes. Our mortgage loan insurance program has helped many Canadians realize their dream of owning a home.We provide financial assistance to help Canadians most in need to gain access to safe, affordable housing.Through our research, we encourage innovation in housing design and technology, community planning, housing choice and finance.We also work in partnership with industry and other Team Canada members to sell Canadian products and expertise in foreign markets, thereby creating jobs for Canadians here at home. We offer a wide variety of information products to consumers and the housing industry to help them make informed purchasing and business decisions.With Canada’s most comprehensive selection of information about housing and homes, we are Canada’s largest publisher of housing information. In everything that we do, we are helping to improve the quality of life for Canadians in communities across this country.We are helping Canadians live in safe, secure homes. CMHC is home to Canadians. Canadians can easily access our information through retail outlets and CMHC’s regional offices. You can also reach us by phone at 1 800 668-2642 (outside Canada call (613) 748-2003) By fax at 1 800 245-9274 (outside Canada (613) 748-2016) To reach us online, visit our home page at www.cmhc.ca Glass and Metal Curtain Walls National Library of Canada cataloguing in publication data Steering Committee for the Best Practice Guide, Glass and Metal Curtain Walls (Canada) Glass and metal curtain walls (Best practice guide, building technology) Issued also in French under title: Murs-rideaux en verre et métal. Includes a CD-ROM in pocket. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-660-19394-9 Cat. no. NH15-428/2004E 1. Curtain walls – Design and construction. 2. Exterior walls – Design and construction. I. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. II. Title. III. Series. TH2238.S73 2004 721’.2 C2004-980338-7 © 2004 Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, no portion of this book may be translated from English into any other language without the prior written permission of Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. Printed in Canada Produced by CMHC Glass and Metal Curtain Walls FOREWORD Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, the federal government’s housing agency, is responsible for administering the National Housing Act. This legislation is designed to aid in the improvement of housing and living conditions in Canada. As a result, the Corporation has interests in all aspects of housing and urban growth and development. Under Part IX of this Act, the Government of Canada provides funds to CMHC to conduct research into the social, economic, and technical aspects of housing and related fields, and to undertake the publishing and distribution of the results of this research. CMHC therefore has a statutory responsibility to make information widely available that may be useful in the improvement of housing and living conditions. This publication is one of the many items of information published by CMHC with the assistance of federal funds. DISCLAIMER The analysis, interpretations, and recommendations are those of the consultants and do not necessarily reflect the views of CMHC or those divisions of the Corporation that assisted in preparation and publication. Care has been taken to review the research summarized in this Guide, but no attempt has been made to replicate or check experimental results or validate computer programs. Neither the authors nor CMHC warrant or assume any liability for the accuracy or completeness of the text, drawings, or accompanying diskette, or their fitness for any particular purpose. It is the responsibility of the user to apply professional knowledge in the use of the information contained in these drawings, specifications, and texts, to consult original sources, or when appropriate, to consult an architect or professional engineer. Glass and Metal Curtain Walls Steering committee for the Best Practice Guide, Glass and Metal Curtain Walls Chris Makepeace, Manager, Brian Kyle, PWGSC Walls and Windows replaced by Infrastructure Alberta Allan Wiseman, P. Eng. 3rd floor, Infrastructure Public Works and Building, 6950 - 113 Street Government Services Canada Edmonton, Alberta Physical Infrastructure T6H 5V7 Portage III, 8B1, 11 Laurier Street Anik Shooner, architecte Gatineau, Quebec Menkès, Shooner, Dagenais, K1A 0S5 architectes 1134, rue Sainte-Catherine Luis de Miguel, architect Ouest, Montréal, Québec CMHC H3B 1H4 700 Montreal Road Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0P7 Acknowledgement This Guide, text, details and illustrations, was prepared by Brook Van Dalen & Associates Limited. Detail drawings were drafted by Bryden Martel Architects Incorporated. Glass and Metal TABLE OF CONTENTS Curtain Walls 1 / Introduction Introduction 1-1 2 / Metal curtain wall assembly 2.1 Basic Definitions 2-1 2.2 Metal Curtain Wall 2-1 2.3 Essential Terminology 2-2 2.3.1 Wall Types 2-3 2.3.2 Erection 2-4 2.3.3 Glazing Method 2-16 2.3.4 Selection Criteria 2-21 3 / Components and materials 3.1 Overview 3-1 3.2 Anchors 3-2 3.2.1 Concrete Embed 3-2 3.2.2 Mounting Lug Assembly 3-3 3.2.3 Anchor Loading and Design 3-7 3.3 Framing 3-7 3.3.1 Materials 3-7 3.3.2 Profiles 3-9 3.3.3 Pressure Plates 3-10 3.3.4 Snap Caps 3-12 3.4 Fasteners 3-14 3.4.1 Materials 3-14 3.4.2 Quality Control 3-15 3.4.3 Fastener Loosening 3-15 3.4.4 Fastener Holes, Slots, Chases 3-15 3.4.5. Fastener Types 3-16 3.4.6 Selection Criteria 3-17 3.5 Gaskets/Tapes 3-17 3.5.1 Glazing Gaskets 3-17 3.5.1.1 Neoprene and EPDM 3-18 3.5.1.2 Silicone 3-18 3.5.1.3 Silicone-Compatible Rubbers/ 3-18 Thermoplastic Rubber 3.5.1.4 Urethane Tape 3-18 3.5.1.5 Gasket Corners 3-19 3.5.2 Glazing Tape 3-19 3.5.2.1 Non-shimmed Glazing Tape 3-20 3.5.2.2 Pre-Shimmed Glazing Tapes 3-20 3.6 Glazing Accessories 3-21 3.6.1 Setting and Spacer Blocks 3-21 3.6.2 Joint Backers 3-21 i Glass and Metal TABLE OF CONTENTS Curtain Walls 3.7 Sealants 3-21 3.8 Glass 3-23 3.8.1 Structural Overview 3-23 3.8.2 Glass Strength 3-24 3.8.3 Thickness Selection 3-25 3.8.4 Deflection of Glass 3-25 3.8.5 Factors that Impact Glass Performance 3-26 3.9 Fabricated Glass Products 3-31 3.9.1 Insulating Glass Units 3-31 3.9.1.1 Glass 3-31 3.9.1.2 Spacers 3-33 3.9.1.3 Edge Sealants 3-34 3.9.2 Laminated Glass 3-34 3.10 Spandrel Glass 3-35 3.11 Spandrel Panels 3-35 3.11.1 Metal Panels 3-36 3.11.2 Stone 3-37 3.12 Finishes 3-37 3.12.1 Anodizing 3-38 3.12.2 Organic Coatings 3-38 3.12.3 Porcelain Enamel 3-39 3.13 Structural Silicone Glazing Components 3-40 3.13.1 Framing 3-40 3.13.2 Gaskets and Tapes 3-41 3.13.3 Glazing Accessories 3-41 3.13.4 Structural Silicone Sealants 3-41 3.13.5 Fabricated Glass Products 3-42 3.13.6 Spandrel Glass 3-43 3.13.7 Finishes 3-44 4 / Performance- theory and pitfalls 4.1 Function of Wall 4-1 4.2 Structural Integrity 4-2 4.2.1 Dead Loads 4-3 4.2.2 Wind Loading 4-3 4.2.3 Seismic Loading 4-8 4.2.4 Impact Loading 4-10 4.2.5 Guard Loading 4-10 4.2.6 Window Washing Loading 4-10 4.2.7 Blast Loading 4-12 4.2.8 Sunshade Loading 4-14 4.2.9 Temperature Loading 4-14 4.2.10 Snow and Ice 4-14 4.2.11 Provision for Movement 4-15 4.3 Control of Water Penetration 4-17 4.4 Control of Air Leakage 4-20 ii Glass and Metal TABLE OF CONTENTS Curtain Walls 4.5 Control of Water Vapour Flow 4-21 4.6 Control of Heat Flow 4-21 4.7 Condensation Resistance 4-23 4.8 Control of Sound Transmission 4-23 4.9 Control of Fire 4-24 4.10 Performance at Interfaces 4-27 5 / Performance-Evaluation and Testing 5.1 Introduction 5-1 5.2 Mock-Up Test Samples 5-1 5.3 Performance Characteristics 5-2 5.4 Basic Test Procedures 5-3 5.4.1 Air Leakage Testing – E283 5-4 5.4.2 Water Penetration – E331 5-7 5.4.3 Water Penetration – AAMA 501.1 5-9 5.4.4 Structural Adequacy – ASTM E330 5-11 5.4.5 Alternate Test Procedures 5-14 5.5 Supplementary Test Procedures 5-14 5.5.1 Condensation Resistance 5-14 5.5.2 Overall Thermal Transmittance 5-17 5.5.3 Thermal Cycling 5-17 5.5.4 Seismic Racking 5-17 5.5.5 Window Washing Anchors 5-18 5.6 Test Sequence 5-18 5.7 Field Testing 5-19 5.7.1 Field Water Penetration Testing 5-19 5.7.2 Field Air Leakage Testing 5-20 5.7.3 Field Structural Performance 5-20 5.7.4 Field Monitoring of Thermal Performance 5-20 5.7.5 Thermography 5-21 6 / Details Introduction 6-1 Detail 1 - Termination at Grade 6-2 Detail 2 - Termination at Soffit 6-4 Detail 3 - Termination at Parapet 6-6 Detail 4 - Intermediate Horizontal 6-8 Detail 5 - Stick Frame System Horizontal Expansion Joint 6-10 Detail 6 - Horizontal at Ceiling 6-12 Detail 7 - Intermediate Vertical 6-14 Detail 8 - Inside Vertical Corner 6-16 Detail 9 - Vertical Jamb (masonry) 6-18 Detail 10 -Vertical Jamb (metal panel) 6-20 Detail 11 -Vertical Jamb (precast concrete) 6-22 Detail 12 -Operable Vent Head/Sill 6-24 iii Glass and Metal TABLE OF CONTENTS Curtain Walls Detail 13 -Stick Frame System SSG Intermediate Horizontal 6-26 Detail 14 -Stick Frame System SSG Mullion 6-28 Detail 15 -Stick Frame System SSG Outside Corner Mullion (alt.
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