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Michael Arras Bachelorarbeit Mit Unterschrift BACHELORARBEIT Herr Michael Arras Der heilige Gral der Zeitraffer Kinematografie Möglichkeiten zur Erstellung von Tag zu Nacht Zeitraffern mit DSLR Kameras 201 4 Fakultät: Medien BACHELORARBEIT Der heilige Gral der Zeitraffer Kinematografie Möglichkeiten zur Erstellung von Tag zu Nacht Zeitraffern mit DSLR Kameras Autor: Herr Michael Arras Studiengang: Medientechnik Seminargruppe: MT10wF-B Erstprüfer: Prof. Christof Amrhein Zweitprüfer: M.Sc. Rika Fleck Einreichung: Leipzig, 05.07 .2014 Faculty of Media BACHELOR THESIS The Holy Grail of t imelapse cinematography Options to create day to night timelapses with DSLR cameras author: Mr. Michael Arras course of studies: Media Engineering seminar group: MT10wF-B first examiner: Prof. Christof Amrhein second examiner: M.Sc. Rika Fleck submission: Leipzig, 05.07.2014 Bibliografische Angaben Arras, Michael: Der heilige Gral der Zeitraffer Kinematografie Möglichkeiten zur Erstellung von Tag zu Nacht Zeitraffern mit DSLR Kameras The Holy Grail of timelapse cinematography Options to create day to night timelapses with DSLR cameras 116 Seiten, Hochschule Mittweida, University of Applied Sciences, Fakultät Medien, Bachelorarbeit, 2014 Abstract Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem heiligen Gral der Zeitraffer Kinematografie. Es werden verschiedene Aufnahmemethoden vorgestellt, mit denen es möglich ist, einen Zeitraffer vom helllichten Tag bis in Nacht aufzunehmen. Bevor auf die Herausforderung einer solchen Aufnahme eingegangen wird und die Vor- und Nachteile jedes einzelnen Aufnahmeverfahrens aufgezeigt werden, sollen die Grundlagen zur Spiegelreflexkamera und allgemein zu Zeitraffern geschaffen werden. Mit Hilfe von Experteninterviews und Testaufnahmen soll dem Leser ein Grundverständnis über die Arbeitstechniken für einen Holy Grail Zeitraffer näher gebracht werden und die Wahl der Aufnahmemethode erleichtert werden. Inhaltsverzeichnis V Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis ...................................................................................................... V Abkürzungsverzeichnis ........................................................................................... VII Formelverzeichnis ...................................................................................................... X Abbildungsverzeichnis ............................................................................................. XI Tabellenverzeichnis ................................................................................................ XIII 1 Einleitung ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Thema ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Ziel der Arbeit ............................................................................................. 2 1.3 Aufbau der Arbeit ....................................................................................... 2 2 Die digitale Spiegelreflexkamera ........................................................................ 4 2.1 Geschichte der DSLR Technik ................................................................... 4 2.2 Aufbau und Funktion einer DSLR Kamera ................................................. 6 2.2.1 Objektiv und Blende ................................................................... 7 2.2.2 Kameraverschluss und Belichtungszeit .................................... 11 2.2.3 Der CMOS-Sensor ................................................................... 13 2.2.4 Camera RAW ........................................................................... 15 3 Der Zeitraffer ......................................................................................................17 3.1 Historischer Exkurs- Beginn der Zeitraffer-Kinematografie ........................18 3.2 Allgemeine Produktionstechniken .............................................................20 3.2.1 Aufnahme in Echtzeit ............................................................... 22 3.2.2 Undercranking.......................................................................... 24 3.2.3 Intervallaufnahme .................................................................... 26 3.3 Zeitraffer im Intervall-Modus mit DSLR Kameras.......................................28 3.3.1 Vorbereitung ............................................................................ 28 3.3.2 Produktion ................................................................................ 28 3.3.3 Postprodukion .......................................................................... 31 4 Der heilige Gral - Tag zu Nacht Zeitraffer .........................................................34 4.1 Zeitautomatik ............................................................................................37 4.2 Bulb Ramping ...........................................................................................41 4.2.1 Triggertrap Mobile .................................................................... 42 4.2.2 Timelapse+ .............................................................................. 44 4.2.3 Promote Control ....................................................................... 46 Inhaltsverzeichnis VI 4.2.4 GBTimelapse ........................................................................... 49 4.3 LR Timelapse ............................................................................................56 4.4 Dslr Dashboard - Auto Holy Grail ..............................................................61 4.5 Elysia Visuals Ramper Pro ........................................................................65 4.6 Time Study-Verfahren ...............................................................................68 4.6.1 Blending ................................................................................... 68 4.6.2 HDR Blending .......................................................................... 70 5 Zusammenfassung und Fazit ............................................................................73 Literaturverzeichnis ................................................................................................ XIV Anlagen .................................................................................................................... XXI Eigenständigkeitserklärung .................................................................................... XL Abkürzungsverzeichnis VII Abkürzungsverzeichnis A/D Analog/Digital AEB Automatic Exposure Bracketing App Application APS-C Advanced Photo System Classic Av/AV Aperture Value B Bulb BBC British Broadcasting Corporation ca. circa CF Compact Flash CCD Charge Coupled Divice CMOS Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor DSLR digital single-lens reflex (camera) ESO European Southern Observator EV Exposure Value f/ F-Stop FAT 32 File Allocation Table fps frames per second FTP File Transfer Protocol GB Giga Byte GBT GBTimelapse GPS Global Postitioning System Abkürzungsverzeichnis VIII JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group h Stunde HD High Definition HDR High Dynamic Range Li-Ionen Lithium-Ionen (Akku) LR Lightroom LRT LRTimelapse LW Lichtwert M Manuell MB Mega Byte MAVICA Magnetic Video Camera MoCo Motion Control mm Millimeter ND Neutrale Dichte oder Neutral Density NLE Non-linear editing NTSC National Television Systems Committee OTG On The Go p Progressiv PAL Phase Alternating Line SD (Karte) Secure Digital (Karte) SLR single-lens reflex (camera) Tiff Tagged Image File Format Tv Time Value Abkürzungsverzeichnis IX u.a. unter anderem UHD Ultra High Definition US United States USB Universal Serial Bus Wlan Wireless Local Area Network XMP Extensible Metadata Platform z.B. zum Beispiel Formelverzeichnis X Formelverzeichnis Formel 1: Speicherbedarf für 5 Stunden Aufnahme in Echtzeit der EOS 5D Mark III ...23 Abbildungsverzeichnis XI Abbildungsverzeichnis Abbildung 1: Sony MAVICA .......................................................................................... 5 Abbildung 2: Strahlengang in einer DSLR .................................................................... 7 Abbildung 3: Brennweitenvergleich .............................................................................. 9 Abbildung 4: Blendenöffnungen von f/2-22 ..................................................................10 Abbildung 5: Prinzip des Schlitzverschlusses ..............................................................12 Abbildung 6: Prinzip Farbsensor mit Bayer-Matrix .......................................................14 Abbildung 7: Foto im RAW-Format. Links: unbearbeitet Rechts: bearbeitet ................16 Abbildung 8: Bewegungsstudie eines Pferdes .............................................................18 Abbildung 9: eMotimo TB3 Schwenk/Neige-Kopf mit Slider (vom Autor bearbeitet) .....21 Abbildung 10: Schema Zeitraffer in Echtzeit ................................................................24 Abbildung 11: Schema Undercranking ........................................................................25 Abbildung 12: Schema Intervallaufnahme ...................................................................26 Abbildung 13: Zusammenhang Intervall-Belichtungszeit .............................................30 Abbildung 14: Benutzeroberfläche Adobe Lightroom 4 ................................................32 Abbildung 15: Aufnahme bei Tageslicht und in der Nacht............................................34 Abbildung 16: Verschiedene Lichtsituationen
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