Original Sin: a Flawed Inheritance
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Sin. Systematic Theology.Wayne Grudem
Systematic Theology Wayne Grudem Chapter 24! SIN What is sin? Where did it come from? Do we inherit a sinful nature from Adam? Do we inherit guilt from Adam? EXPLANATION AND SCRIPTURAL BASIS A. The Definition of Sin The history of the human race as presented in Scripture is primarily a history of man in a state of sin and rebellion against God and of God’s plan of redemption to bring man back to himself. Therefore, it is appropriate now to consider the nature of the sin that separates man from God. We may define sin as follows: Sin is any failure to conform to the moral law of God in act, attitude, or nature. Sin is here defined in relation to God and his moral law. Sin includes not only individual acts such as stealing or lying or committing murder, but also attitudes that are contrary to the attitudes God requires of us. We see this already in the Ten Commandments, which not only prohibit sinful actions but also wrong attitudes: “You shall not covet your neighbor’s house. You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, or his manservant or maidservant, his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor” (Ex. 20:17 NIV). Here God specifies that a desire to steal or to commit adultery is also sin in his sight. The Sermon on the Mount also prohibits sinful attitudes such as anger (Matt. 5:22) or lust (Matt. 5:28). Paul lists attitudes such as jealousy, anger, and selfishness (Gal. 5:20) as things that are works of the flesh opposed to the desires of the Spirit (Gal. -
The Great Christian Doctrine of Original Sin
THE GREAT CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE OF ORIGINAL SIN by Jonathan Edwards “They that be whole, need not a physician; but they that are sick.” - Matthew 9:12 1 CONTENTS Advertisement 3 The Author’s Preface 7 PART ONE Wherein Are Considered Some Evidences of Original Sin From Facts and Events, as Founded by Observation and Experience, Together With Representations and Testimonies of Holy Scripture, and the Confession and Assertion of Opposers. Chapter One 8 Chapter Two 69 PART TWO Containing Observations on Particular Parts of the Holy Scripture Which Prove the Doctrine of Original Sin. Chapter One 78 Chapter Two 102 Chapter Three 110 Chapter Four 130 PART THREE The Evidence Given Us, Relative to the Doctrine of Original Sin, in What the Scriptures Reveal Concerning the Redemption by Christ. Chapter One 143 Chapter Two 148 PART FOUR Containing Answers to Objections. Chapter One 155 Chapter Two 158 Chapter Three 164 Chapter Four 177 2 ADVERTISEMENT CONTAINING A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THIS BOOK AND ITS AUTHOR, BY THE FIRST EDITOR The Reverend Author of the following piece, was removed by death before its publication. But, ere his decease, the copy was finished and brought to the press; and a number of sheets passed his own review. They who were acquainted with the author, or know his just character, and have any taste for the serious theme, will want nothing to be said in recommendation of the ensuing tract, but only that Mr. Edwards wrote it. Several valuable pieces on this subject have lately been published, upon the same side of the question. -
How Can Original Sin Be Inherited?
DEAR FATHER KERPER Michelangelo, The Fall and Expulsion from Garden of Eden. Web Gallery of Art sinned against obedience. But this act How can original represents much more: they actually rejected friendship with God and, even worse, attempted to supplant God as God. sin be inherited? To see this more clearly, we must rewind the Genesis tape back to chapter ear Father Kerper: I’ve always had a huge 1. Here we find that God had created problem with original sin. It seems so unfair. I can the first human beings “in the image of God.” (Genesis 1:27) As such, they understand punishing someone who has broken a immediately enjoyed friendship and law. That’s perfectly just. But why should someone even kinship with God, who had Dwho’s done nothing wrong get punished for what someone else lovingly created them so that they could share everything with Him. did millions of years ago? Though Adam and Eve had everything that human beings could Many people share your understandable In the case of speeding, the possibly enjoy, the serpent tempted reaction against the doctrine of original punishment – say a $200 ticket – is them to seek even more. Recall the sin. As you’ve expressed so well, it does always imposed directly on the specific serpent’s words to Eve: “God knows in indeed seem to violate the basic norms of person who committed an isolated fact that the day you eat it [the forbidden fairness. But it really doesn’t. How so? illegal act. Moreover, the punishment is fruit] your eyes will be opened and you To overcome this charge of unfairness, designed to prevent dangerous and illegal will be like gods.” (Genesis 3:5) we must do two things: first, reconsider behavior by creating terribly unpleasant By eating the forbidden fruit, Adam the meaning of punishment; and second, consequences, namely costly fines and and Eve attempted to seize equality rediscover the social nature – and social eventually the loss of one’s license. -
George Santayana: a Critical Anomaly Carol Ann Erickson University of Nebraska at Omaha
University of Nebraska at Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Student Work 2-1966 George Santayana: A critical anomaly Carol Ann Erickson University of Nebraska at Omaha Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Erickson, Carol Ann, "George Santayana: A critical anomaly" (1966). Student Work. 55. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork/55 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Work by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GEORGE 1SANT.A.YANA, CRITICAL ANOMALY A Thesis J 4;) Presented to the Department o.f English and the Fa~ulty or the Oollege of Graduate Studies :University of Omaha In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degre& Master of Arts by -Carol A. Erickson February 1966 UM I Number: EP72700 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material ~ad to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ' UMf. UMI EP72700 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 13'1·6 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 - 1346 Accepted for the faculty of the College of Graduate Studies of the University of Omaha, 1n_part1al fulfillment of.the requirements for the degree Master of Arts. -
ORIGINAL SIN, INFANT SALVATION, and the BAPTISM of INFANTS —A Critique of Some Contemporary Baptist Authors—
MJT 12 (2001) 47-79 ORIGINAL SIN, INFANT SALVATION, AND THE BAPTISM OF INFANTS —A Critique of Some Contemporary Baptist Authors— by J. Mark Beach Introduction IN REFORMED THINKING the covenant of grace forms the basis for the practice of infant baptism. This practice, however, has been much contested within Protestant theology, causing the mercury on the theological thermometer to rise from time to time. Heated polemics, of course, are not foreign to the topic of infant baptism. Countless articles, treatises, books, and pamphlets have been written in favor of and in opposition to the baptism of infants. Certainly theologians and scholars have not lacked resolve and conviction regarding this subject; nonetheless, no unanimity has resulted as a consequence of nearly half a millennium of polemics. Proponents from each side of the debate have been unable to achieve a consensus among Protestants regarding the proper subjects of baptism. The issue remains a cause for division. Thus, after nearly five hundred years of debate, some theologians are pleading for a truce within the evangelical church. Wayne Grudem, for example, while himself arguing vigorously for believer’s baptism, does not think baptism ought to be a point of division among churches. He suggests that paedobaptists and advocates of believer’s baptism jointly acknowledge that “baptism is not a major doctrine of the faith.” Grudem recognizes that this would require concessions on the part of 48 • MID-AMERICA JOURNAL OF THEOLOGY Baptists and paedobaptists alike so that both views of baptism could be “taught and practiced” in their respective churches. 1 Grudem’s suggestion comes, as noted above, after he has waged his own polemic against infant baptism. -
Babies, Baptism, and Original Sin: Augustine's Understanding of the Theological Implications of Infant Baptism
Babies, Baptism, and Original Sin: Augustine's Understanding of the Theological Implications of Infant Baptism By Jeffrey J. Meyers The rite of infant baptism as practiced in the church before Augustine has been appropriately called “a practice in search of a theology.”1 Although solid evidence exists for the practice of paedobaptism from the time of Tertullian, and the preponderance of evidence suggests that it was the custom from Apostolic times,2 nevertheless, to say that there was no consensus of opinion concerning the theological rationale for the sacramental rite would be an understatement. That the ritual of paedobaptism was practiced universally from about 200 A.D. till the time of Augustine is almost certain; what theological significance it had, and why it was administered to babies remained open to theological development. In response to errant Pelagian theology, Augustine developed a catholic theology of infant baptism from the meaning and implications of the rite itself in conjunction with his understanding of the 1David F. Wright, “How Controversial Was the Development of Infant Baptism in the Early Church,” Church, Word, and Spirit: Historical and Theological Essays in Honor of Geoffrey W. Bromiley, eds. James E Bradley and Richard A. Muller (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1987) 50, 51. 2Tertullian’s polemic against infant and young child baptism does not necessarily imply the novelty of the practice (as Pelikan asserts, The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100- 600), vol. 1 of The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine [Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971], 290); rather, Tertullian’s opposition is best understood as directed against an existing custom. -
THE NUMBER of Books and Articles Which Have Appeared Recently On
ORIGINAL SIN: CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES JAMES L. CONNOR, SJ. Loyola College, Baltimore HE NUMBER of books and articles which have appeared recently on Tthe subject give evidence of keen interest in the doctrine of original sin. Several brief surveys of this literature are available in English,1 but it might be of interest to trace the progressive development of thought in this area according (in most cases) to the chronological order in which these studies appeared. Before presenting the individual hypotheses, however, economy will be served by reviewing the variety of influences which have drawn each of these authors to a reconsidera tion of this doctrine and which—more or less, as will be evident in each case—they would all accept. FACTORS INFLUENTIAL IN A RECONSIDERATION OF THE DOCTRINE Difficulties Inforent in the Classical Position No theologian, laudator temporis acti though he might be, is unaware of the fundamental problems which for ages have plagued the tradi tional presentation of the doctrine of original sin.2 How are we to explain the fact that the single sin of one man is the sole explanation for a condition of deprivation in every other man? By the virtual inclusion of all men in this one? By juridical imputation? By some form of "corporate personality"? As we know, none of these theories have proven fully satisfactory. How are we to account for the transmission of this sinful condition? Can we seriously hold that the nontransmission of grace, which by God's decree man should have, is the positive transmission of guilt? In what sense can the deprivation of grace be called "sinful" in the individual when not personally willed by the individual? These and other problems have vexed theologians for centuries. -
Character and Opinion in the United States
GEORGE SANTAYANA Character & Opinion in the United States NEW YORK GEORGE BRAZILLER l 955 PUBLISHED BY GEORGE BRAZILLER, INC. l o a n s ta c k MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA :B 9 4 ~ 5 SZ3C5 CONTENTS \ 9 5 * 5 CHARACTER AND OPINION IN THE UNITED STATES Preface 3 >/ I. The Moral Background 6 H. The Academic Environment 24 ill. W illiam James 39 IV. Josiah Royce 57 v. Later Speculations 79 V VI. Materialism and Idealism in American L ife 93 VII. English Liberty in America 108 381 Character and Opinion in United States PREFACE H E major part of this book is composed of lectures originally addressed to British audiences. I have added a good deal, but I make no apology, now that theT whole may fall under American eyes, for preserving the tone and attitude of a detached observer. Not at all on the ground that “ to see ourselves as others see us” would be to see ourselves truly; on the contrary, I agree with Spinoza where he says that other people’s idea of a man is apt to be a better expression of their nature than of his. I accept this prin ciple in the present instance, and am willing it should be ap plied to the judgments contained in this book, in which the reader may see chiefly expressions of my own feelings and hints of my own opinions. Only an American—and I am not one except by long association1—can speak for the heart of America. I try to understand it, as a family friend may who has a different temperament j but it is only my own mind that I speak for at bottom, or wish to speak for. -
Beyond Original Sin: Is a Theological Paradigm Shift Inevitable? for the Doctrine of Original Sin
Article Beyond Original Sin: Is a Theological Paradigm Shift Inevitable? Denis O. Lamoureux Denis O. Lamoureux Written from an evangelical Protestant perspective, this article examines the doctrine of original sin in the light of scripture, the Western Christian tradition, and human evolutionary science. It begins by examining biblical passages from the apostle Paul and classic creeds dealing with original sin in order that readers can feel the weight of questioning the truthfulness of this doctrine. Next, I challenge the concordist hermeneutic that undergirds both the Pauline passages and the traditional understanding of original sin as fi rst formulated by St. Augustine. Finally, this article offers one possible approach for moving beyond the belief in original sin. I will assume an evolutionary creationist view of human origins and argue for a nonconcordist interpretation of biblical passages dealing with the creation of humanity. By embracing a biblically based approach to natural revelation, I then cast human sinfulness within the framework of a Christian evolutionary psychology. he doctrine of original sin has is occurring even within evangelical been a foundational belief of the Protestant circles.3 For example, a land- TChristian faith throughout most of mark issue of Christianity Today in June church history. It is a complex doctrine 2011 featured a cover with a Neanderthal- that is intimately connected to the fall looking male and the title “The Search of humans in Genesis 3 and later inter- for the Historical Adam: The State of the preted by the apostle Paul primarily in Debate.” The cover commented, “Some Romans 5:12–21. Original sin features at scholars believe that genome science [i.e., least ten different facets: fallenness, uni- genetics] casts doubt on the existence of versal sin, fi rst sinful act, original guilt, the fi rst man and fi rst woman. -
Justus Buchler Biography
Justus Buchler Biography Table of Contents BookRags Biography....................................................................................................1 Justus Buchler.......................................................................................................1 Copyright Information..........................................................................................1 Justus Buchler Biography............................................................................................2 Works....................................................................................................................2 Further Reading....................................................................................................5 Dictionary of Literary Biography Biography.......................................................8 i BookRags Biography Justus Buchler For the online version of BookRags' Justus Buchler Biography, including complete copyright information, please visit: http://www.bookrags.com/biography/justus−buchler−dlb/ Copyright Information Kathleen A. Wallace, Hofstra University.. Dictionary of Literary Biography. ©2005−2006 Thomson Gale, a part of the Thomson Corporation. All rights reserved. (c)2000−2006 BookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. BookRags Biography 1 Justus Buchler Biography Name: Justus Buchler Birth Date: March 27, 1914 Death March 19, 1991 Date: Nationality: American Gender: Male Works WRITINGS BY THE AUTHOR:BOOKS • Charles Peirce's Empiricism (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, 1939; New York: -
The Letters of George Santayana Book Two, 1910—1920
The Letters of George Santayana Book Two, 1910—1920 To Josephine Preston Peabody Marks [1910 or 1911] • Cambridge, Massachusetts (MS: Houghton) COLONIAL CLUB CAMBRIDGE Dear Mrs Marks1 Do you believe in this “Poetry Society”? Poetry = solitude, Society = prose, witness my friend Mr. Reginald Robbins!2 I may still go to the dinner, if it comes during the holidays. In that case, I shall hope to see you there. Yours sincerely GSantayana 1Josephine Preston Peabody (1874–1922) was a poet and dramatist whose plays kept alive the tradition of poetic drama in America. Her play, The Piper, was produced in 1909. She was married to Lionel Simeon Marks, a Harvard mechanical engineering professor. 2Reginald Chauncey Robbins (1871–1955) was a writer who took his A.B. from Harvard in 1892 and then did graduate work there. To William Bayard Cutting Sr. [January 1910] • [Cambridge, Massachusetts] (MS: Unknown) His intellectual life was, without question, the most intense, many-sided and sane that I have ever known in any young man,1 and his talk, when he was in college, brought out whatever corresponding vivacity there was in me in those days, before the routine of teaching had had time to dull it as much as it has now … I always felt I got more from him than I had to give, not only in enthu- siasm—which goes without saying—but also in a sort of multitudinousness and quickness of ideas. [Unsigned] 1William Bayard Cutting Jr. (1878–1910) was a member of the Harvard class of 1900. He served as secretary of the vice consul in the American consulate in Milan (1908–9) and Secretary of the American Legation, Tangier, Morocco (1909). -
The American Philosophical Association EASTERN DIVISION ONE HUNDRED TENTH ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAM
The American Philosophical Association EASTERN DIVISION ONE HUNDRED TENTH ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAM BALTIMORE MARRIOTT WATERFRONT BALTIMORE, MARYLAND DECEMBER 27 – 30, 2013 Important Notices for Meeting Attendees SESSION LOCATIONS Please note: the locations of all individual sessions will be included in the paper program that you will receive when you pick up your registration materials at the meeting. To save on printing costs, the program will be available only online prior to the meeting; with the exception of plenary sessions, the online version does not include session locations. In addition, locations for sessions on the first evening (December 27) will be posted in the registration area. IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT REGISTRATION Please note: it costs $40 less to register in advance than to register at the meeting. The advance registration rates are the same as last year, but the additional cost of registering at the meeting has increased. Online advance registration at www.apaonline.org is available until December 26. 1 Friday Evening, December 27: 6:30–9:30 p.m. FRIDAY, DECEMBER 27 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING 1:00–6:00 p.m. REGISTRATION 3:00–10:00 p.m., registration desk (third floor) PLACEMENT INFORMATION Interviewers and candidates: 3:00–10:00 p.m., Dover A and B (third floor) Interview tables: Harborside Ballroom, Salons A, B, and C (fourth floor) FRIDAY EVENING, 6:30–9:30 P.M. MAIN PROGRAM SESSIONS I-A. Symposium: Ancient and Medieval Philosophy of Language THIS SESSION HAS BEEN CANCELLED. I-B. Symposium: German Idealism: Recent Revivals and Contemporary Relevance Chair: Jamie Lindsay (City University of New York–Graduate Center) Speakers: Robert Brandom (University of Pittsburgh) Axel Honneth (Columbia University) Commentator: Sally Sedgwick (University of Illinois–Chicago) I-C.