Homeopathy: Curative, Concurrent, and 8/10/2017 Supportive Cancer Therapy

Home , Canine cancer detection, Homeopathy

Homeopathy: Curative, Concurrent, and Supportive Homeopathy: Cancer Therapy - Objectives Curative, Concurrent, and .Ascertain the current extent of available homeopathic treatments for curative, concurrent, and supportive cancer Supportive Cancer Therapy care. .Present homeopathic treatment development in progress and potential directions for homeopathic treatment. .Review adverse effects of homeopathy in particular, and Oroma Beatrice Nwanodi, MD, DHSc, those that apply to medical practice in general. ACOG, ABoIM, ABHIM, FAARFM

Homeopathy: Cancer Therapy - Background Homeopathy: Cancer Therapy - Background . 12 to 24% of European oncology patients use homeopathy (Gaertner et al., . Personal homeopathy use varies over time: Disease course, personal 2014; Rossi et al., 2015). resilience, and prior personal integrative medicine use affect current use . 40.4% of European integrative oncology center patients (Gaertner et al., (Bonacchi et al., 2014). 2014; Rossi et al., 2015). . In Italy, 22.8% of cancer patients have used homeopathy, but 6.4% . In 2011 a Swiss review of the literature on homeopathy led to currently use homeopathy (Bonacchi et al., 2014). homeopathic treatment coverage in the Swiss national health insurance . Sense of coherence, an indicator of psychological resilience is associated with program (Frenkel, 2015). current and past use of integrative cancer treatment (p = .050 and p = .023) . Pediatric oncology drives integrative oncology treatment use. (Bonacchi et al., 2014). . 76.5% of German parents to use homeopathic cancer treatments for their children . Pre-cancer diagnosis integrative medicine use, and phase of the care process also (Arora, Aggarwal, Singla, Jyoti, & Tandon, 2013). predicted integrative cancer treatment use (p < .001 and p = .012) (Bonacchi et al., . 72.2% of Dutch parents of pediatric cancer patients choose integrative treatments 2014). for their children to promote health and wellbeing (Singendonk et al., 2013). . 49% of the Swiss parents who use integrative treatments for their children’s cancer, . Late onset of homeopathic cancer treatment is beneficial do so to increase the likelihood of curative treatment (Magi et al., 2015). . Initiation on average 18- to 19-months post cancer diagnosis, may significantly . 7.4% of Dutch parents choose integrative treatments to cure their children’s cancer extend survival in glioblastoma grade IV, inoperable cholangiocellular cancer, and . 6% of Australian parents used homeopathy for their children who have terminal metastasized sarcoma, overall p = .001 (Gaertner et al., 2014) cancer (Heath, Oh, Clarke, & Wolfe, 2012; Singendonk et al., 2013).

Homeopathy: Homeopathic Terminology Cancer Therapy - Methods X – a substance diluted in the ratio 1:10. . PubMed, September 2016, search terms 6x or 6D – A decimal series dilution “homeopathy cancer treatment” from 2012 C - a substance diluted in the ratio 1:100. onwards. 200C – a substance that has undergone 200 cycles of dilution and sucussion . PubMed, January 2017, search terms “adverse (agitation). effects, homeopathy, breast cancer, cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian CH - a Hahnemann centesimal dilution: A 1:100 dilution that is then shaken cancer, prevention, treatment.” vigorously. . Curative, concurrent, and supportive homeopathic M – a substance diluted in the ratio 1:1,000. cancer treatments material was taken from these 50M – a substance that has been diluted and sucussed 50,000 times. searches. Adverse effects of homeopathic cancer treatments were also taken from included articles. CM – a substance that has been diluted and sucussed 100,000 times. . Thirty-three of 41 articles were included in the MT – Mother tincture, identified by Φ or Q in India and the United Kingdom. initial PubMed search. Potentization - serial dilution and shaking, extracting a formulation’s vital nature . Supplemental specific hand searches were performed as needed, yielding 10 articles for a total of 45 included articles. Figure 1. Literature selection flowchart

APHA 2018; Oroma B. Nwanodi 1 Homeopathy: Curative, Concurrent, and 8/10/2017 Supportive Cancer Therapy

Homeopathic Curative Cancer Therapy Homeopathic Curative Cancer Therapy . From 1990 to 2005, by prescribing specific homeopathic treatments . A murine trial of the PBHRF medications Conium maculatum (hemlock) 200CH, Thuja for specific cancers, the Prasanta Banerji Homeopathic Research occidentalis (Thuja; Arbor vitae) 200CH, Phytolacca decandra (Phyto; poke root) 200CH, Foundation (PBHRF), Kolkata, India, from a base of 17,324 cancer Carcinosin (primarily derived from cancerous breast tissue) 200CH, daily at .1 mL/10g patients, achieved 19% complete regression and 21% stabilization or body weight, found that Carcinosin 200CH resulted in the longest survival and the least partial regression rates (Frenkel, 2015). adverse effects (Amaral et al., 2014) . The PBHRF’s curative outcomes have not been replicated in other trials. . Differences in homeopathic treatments’ production (Frenkel, 2015; Pal, 2013). . The American National Cancer Institute’s Indian Best Case Series found supportive cases of successful homeopathic treatment of adenoid cystic carcinoma, gastric, gallbladder, lung, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and malignant epithelial tumors (Olaku, Zia, Santana, & White, 2013). . The actual treatments used are not provided (Olaku et al., 2013). Conium maculatum Thuja occidentalis, by Athantor Phytolacca americana, by Jakec

Homeopathic Curative Cancer Therapy Homeopathic Curative Cancer Therapy . The PBHRF combined ultramolecular formulations diluted beyond Avogadro’s limit, Ruta graveolens (Ruta; Rue) 6c and Calcerea . Ultramolecular Carcinosin and Phyto display MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 phosphorica (lime phosphate) 3X protocol have achieved 85.7% human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines apoptotic and cell cycle delay complete remission in glioma patients, without adjuvant effects akin to Paclitaxel. chemoradiation (Arora et al., 2013; Frenkel, 2015). . Unlike Paclitaxel, Carcinosin and Phyto spare normal mammary epithelial cells . Ruta 200C and Phosphorus 1M (1000C) inhibit N′-nitrosodiethylamine (Arora et al., 2013; Frenkel, 2015). (NDEA)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats and 3- . Phyto 30CH trialed against 4T1 breast adenocarcinoma cells in female methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas in mice (Frenkel, 2015). BALB/c mice showed greater cancer inhibition, reduced metastasis . Ruta 9c dosed at 2-mL daily for 8 or more weeks, used to treat locally- and angiogenesis and tumor weight, than Phyto 6CH, 12CH, or 200 CH advanced solid cancers or metastatic cancers initially (Nogueira et al., 2016). produced significantly improved quality of life (QOL) . Ultramolecular Conium and Thuja also display apoptotsis and cell as measured by the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire, cycle delay against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 (Arora et al., 2013). that elapsed by the end of the trial in 28 weeks . Conium is often used for breast and cervical cancer treatment (Mondal, (Freyer et al., 2014). Panigrahi, & Khuda-Bukhsh, 2014).

Ruta graveolens, by Kurt Stüber

Homeopathic Curative Cancer Therapy Homeopathic Curative Cancer Therapy . Thuja treats polypus tumors and warty lesions. Thuja uses bi-phasic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation to promote cytochrome-c release . As with conventional cancer treatment, homeopathic breast cancer and caspase-driven mitochondrial apoptosis in MCF-7 cells (Saha et al., 2014). treatment varies based on the cancer subtype (Kalra, 2016). . A 20 μl/ml dose of 30C Thuja achieves time-dependent maximal MCF-7 cell death but spares normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for 24 hours (Saha et al., Homeopathic Types of Cancer Cases Percentage (%) 2014). Remedies Ductal ca. Infiltrating Breast Metastasis . Thuja also inhibits melanomatous lung metastasis and reduces lung collagen Cure 14 hydroxyproline content in C57BL/6 mice (Frenkel, 2015). % ca. % cancer % % Calc-Carb 16 14 10 1 Prevented 41 Carcinosin 20 18 6 5 Palliated 14 Conium M 2 2 2 1 Phytolacca 1 0 7 0 Improved 31 Thuja 10 8 7 2 Total 100 Biochemical 3 2 3 3 salt Others 3 3 14 4 Wild-type p53-expressing (MCF-7), p53-mutated (MDA-MB- MCF-7 cells transfected with p38MAPK- Proposed mechanism of action of the thuja-induced 231), p53-shRNA-transfected MCF-7 and dominant-negative siRNA (***P<0.001 when compared with the apoptosis in mammary epithelial carcinoma MCF-7 p53-transfected (MCF-7-DN-p53) cells (***P<0.001 when thuja-treated group). cells by an ROS-p53 feedback loop. compared with the respective placebo-treated group).

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Homeopathic Curative Cancer Therapy Homeopathic Curative Cancer Therapy . In vitro application of mother tincture (MT) and ultramolecular dilution (30C, 200C, 1M, and 10M) of Sarsaparilla (Sars; from wild licorice - Astragalus glycyphyllos, Aralia . In vitro application of Phyto MT to A375 melanoma cells indicated ROS nudicaulis, or Glycyrrhiza lepidota) to human renal adenocarcinoma, Ruta to human elevation, caspase-mediated apoptosis, with minimal PBMC cytotoxicity colorectal carcinoma, and Phyto to MCF-7 displayed cytotoxicity at all concentrations (p (Ghosh et al., 2013). <.001) (Arora et al., 2013). . Phyto MT showed intermediate cytotoxicity to HeLa cervical cancer cells and . Consistent with the literature, Sars MT was 82.3% cytotoxic, with cytotoxicity continuing PC3 prostate cancer cells. after Sars removal; Ruta MT was 66.5% cytotoxic, and Phyto was 72.6% cytotoxic. . Phyto MT down-regulates Bcl-2 and Akt (the gene for protein kinase B), and . At 48 hours, Sars, Ruta, and Phyto showed a concentration-dependent significant reduction upregulates p53 and Bax (Arora & Tandon, 2014; Ghosh et al., 2013). in cell proliferation, p <.05 (Arora et al., 2013). . Sars had a maximum cytotoxicity of 22.1% against normal Madin-Darby Canine Kidney epithelial . In vitro, Lycopodium clavatum (running clubmoss) 5C and 15C are dose cell line. dependently selectively cytotoxic to HeLa cells (p < .001), and spare PBMC . Ruta spares normal PBMC (Frenkel, 2015). (Samadder et al., 2013). . Ruta down-regulates B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), up-regulates caspases . L. clavatum 5C and 15C non-dose dependently induce DNA -3 and -9, Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), p21 and p27 expression leading to fragmentation, promote caspase-3 (p < .001) and Bax (p < .001), intrinsic apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle checkpoint arrest but reduce apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf1; p < .01), (Arora & Tandon, 2014). Bcl-2 (p < .001), and cytochrome-c (p < .001). . Ruta is selectively cytotoxicity to Glioblastoma multiforme (Frenkel, 2015). Lycopodium clavatum, by Bernd Haynold Astragalus by Ciar

Homeopathic Curative Cancer Therapy Homeopathic Curative Cancer Therapy . In vivo C. carbonica (M8) diluent directly inhibits B16F10 murine melanoma cell adhesion and invasion, and inhibits melanoma growth and metastasis by decreasing . Serenoa repens (Saw Palmetto) displays caspase-independent perlecan (heparin sulfate proteoglycan 2 [HSPG2]) expression (Arora et al., 2013; Guimarães cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer cells, effective when et al., 2010). other homeopathic treatments are ineffective (Frenkel, 2015). . C. carbonica 6C produces 30% to 35% cancer cell apoptosis in Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma (EAC), Sarcoma-180 (S-180), MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and HBL-100 breast cancer bearing . Sulphur is apoptotic to oral cancer, immortalized oral Swiss albino mice, providing a survival advantage, p < .001 at day 21 (Saha et al., 2013). keratinocytes, and neuroblastoma cells (Saha et al., 2015). . C. carbonica upregulates Bax, depolarizing mitochondrial membranes and activating . Sulphur 6C, 30C, and 200C showed dose dependent apoptosis caspase cascade, facilitating cytochrome c release, and upregulating p53. against the A549 non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma (NSCLC) cell . C. carbonica also modulates cancer-induced anti-T-cell proliferation effects and reverses type-2 cytokine bias. line, with 20 μl/ml of Sulphur 30C being most cytotoxic, p<.001. . Sulphur disturbs p65NF-κβ nuclear translocation, association with . Wild-type p53-expressing MDA-MB-231 cells were least responsive to C. carbonica T cell- Serenoa repens foliage and mediated apoptosis. p300 histone acetylase, and Bcl-2 transcription. fruit. Photo from Forest . With a 27-day treatment regimen cancer cells did not develop resistance to C. carbonica. . Sulphur induces p53-p300 cross-talk, increasing p53 transcription Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses by J.H. **p < 0.001 and intrinsic mitochondrial death cascade. Miller and K.V. Miller, published by The University of Georgia Press in cooperation with the Southern Weed Science Society.

Homeopathic Curative Cancer Therapy Homeopathic Curative Cancer Therapy . The fluid from blisters formed in response to scabies infestation is . The Critical Cancer Management Research Centre & Clinic (CCMRCC) of the active ingredient of Psorinum. Kolkata, India formulation of Psorinum-6x, is dosed at .02 mL/kg body . In vitro, with WRL-68 normal hepatocyte cells as a control, weight/day on an empty stomach for 2 years, as the sole anti-cancer Psorinum-6x, has dose dependent, greater cytotoxicity against A549 treatment in a hybrid conventional and integrative treatment protocol NSCLC than HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma and MCF-7 breast (Chatterjee & Biswas, 2012; Pal, 2013). cancer cell lines (Mondal, Samadder, & Khuda-Bukhsh, 2016). . This regime achieved complete response in metastatic adenocarcinoma of the . Psorinum-6x inhibits cell proliferation, arrests cell cycle at sub-G, gallbladder, and partial response in metastatic periampullary and liver induces morphological changes (chromatin condensation and adenocarcinoma, all without adverse effects. nucleosomal fragmentation), DNA damage, and phosphatidyl serine . A retrospective study of 246 gallbladder, liver, lung, oral, pancreatic, and externalization. stomach cancer patients also supports Psorinum use. . Psorinum-6x may generate ROS, depolarizing mitochondrial membranes, driving cytochrome-c into the cytosol (Mondal, Samadder, & Khuda-Bukhsh, 2015; Mondal et al., 2016). . Concurrent p53 induction activates caspase-3 dependent mitochondria- mediated apoptosis, reduces Bcl-2, induces Bax (increasing the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio), thereby increasing apoptosis (Mondal et al., 2016).

Scabies blisters from webmd.com

APHA 2018; Oroma B. Nwanodi 3 Homeopathy: Curative, Concurrent, and 8/10/2017 Supportive Cancer Therapy

Homeopathic Curative Cancer Therapy Homeopathic Curative Cancer Therapy . In vitro Klimaktoplan®, a menopausal relief formulation with Cimicifuga racemosais (black cohosh), Sepia officinalis (common cuttlefish), Strychnos ignatia (St. Ignatius . In vitro studies found Murex purpurea, derived from muricid whelks bean tree), and Sanguinaria canadensis (bloodroot) has a concentration-dependent anti-proliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, with 625 and 1,250 μg/mL inhibiting (predatory sea snails), using a formulation with minimal 6-bromoisatin, proliferation by 11.1% and 41.7% respectively, p < .01, without affecting MCF-10A and recommended for endometrial cancer treatment, to be at most non-malignant mammary cells (Ahn et al., 2013). minimally effective (Edwards, Benkendorff, & Young, 2012). . Klimaktoplan®’s efficacy is biologically plausible for several reasons: . A triterpene glycoside actein constituent of black cohosh has known apoptotic . 6-bromoisatin is related to indirubin, the active ingredient of Danggui Luhui Wan, activity against estrogen receptor negative Her2 breast cancer cells. a traditional Chinese Medicine that treats leukemia, lung, and prostate cancers. . Black cohosh is cytotoxic on estrogen-sensitive and estrogen insensitive breast . In vitro, isatins and isatin analogues are anti-proliferative by micro-tubular cancer cells. formation inhibition, chemopreventive, and activate caspases-3 and -7 mediated . Sanguinaria has demonstrated ROS dependent apoptotic activity against MDA- MB-231 and synergism with tumor necrosis factor apoptosis-inducing ligand U937 and Jurkat lymphoma cell line apoptosis. Therefore, it is biologically (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis. plausible that an appropriately concentrated 6-bromoisatin containing treatment Cell viability measured by MTT assay 4 days after culture with DMSO, would have anti-cancer activity. lactose, KP and E2 in MCF-7 and MCF-10A cell lines. Lactose 1250 lg/ml; KP 312.5 (L), 625 (M) and 1250 lg/ml (H); E2 1 (L), 10 (M) and 100 nM (H). DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide, KP Klimaktoplan, E2 estradiol, L low, M medium, H high. *p\0.05; **p\0.01; ***p\0.001 Whelk, Common cuttlefish, by Jarek Tuszyński stock image from shutterstock

Homeopathic Concurrent Cancer Homeopathic Concurrent Therapy: Chemosensitization Cancer Therapy: Chemosensitization . Concurrent immunotherapy uses immune cells to identify and destroy . Conventional chemotherapeutics such as bortezomib, chlorambucil, cancer and virally infected cells, reducing the tumor burden and potential for malignant transformation (Toliopoulos, Simos, Bougiouklis, & Oikonomidis, 2013). cladribine, docetaxel, MG-132, paclitaxel, and vinblastine, inhibit NKC- . Natural killer cells (NKCs) produce immunosurveillant cytokines IL-2, IL-12, mediated cancer and virally infected cell killing, without preventing IL-18, and IL-21. Natural killer T cells act as T cells and NKCs. NKC activation. . NKCs quickly and selectively kill cancer and virally infected cells via non . Concurrent treatments able to activate NKCs are synergistic with major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) restricted action, before (complementary to) conventional chemotherapeutics. high levels of cell membrane MHC-I molecules are evident. . Aloe vera, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids increase NKC activity Chemotherapy (n = 8) Patients (mean age 53 9 ± 11) (Toliopoulos et al., 2013).

*Signiﬁcantly Mean ± STDEV 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 WBC (cell ml-1) Baseline 6386 ± 837 a 6240 7150 7260 5250 7180 6380 5120 6510 . In a three-month long in vivo trial, the homeopathic treatments different from Post-supplementation 6531 ± 772 a 6150 6850 7140 5720 7580 6790 5240 6780 baseline values, p < 0 Lymphocytes (%) Baseline 29 6 ± 4 0 a 32 7 29 8 33 1 28 2 32 9 26 7 21 7 31 9 Ubichinon Compositum® Glyoxal Compositum®, Katalysatoren® and 05. Post-supplementation 30 9 ± 4 0* 34 4 31 9 33 7 31 7 32 7 26 9 22 9 33 2 a a, Statistically NKCs (%) Baseline 5 1 ± 1 5 6 4 4 1 3 6 3 9 6 3 5 8 7 3 3 5 Traumeel® Coenzyme Compositum®, listed from most to least Post-supplementation 6 2 ± 1 0 a 6 9 5 5 7 8 6 8 6 5 6 1 5 5 4 7 signiﬁcant different NK-T (%) Baseline 7 8 ± 1 9 8 5 6 2 7 8 4 2 8 8 8 1 10 4 8 2 between groups, p < Post-supplementation 7 2 ± 2 8 9 2 4 8 7 2 4 1 6 2 7 8 12 8 5 6 cytotoxic, demonstrated increased NKC cytotoxic activity, p < .05. 0 05. 12 5:1 (%) Baseline 8 0 ± 4 2 a 8 4 10 4 7 6 17 8 Post-supplementation 16 4 ± 6 2* 14 12 17 8 26 18 24 12 WBC, white blood a cells; NKCs, natural 25:1 (%) Baseline 18 3 ± 4 9 16 18 19 12 15 18 29 19 Post-supplementation 30 9 ± 8 9* 26 31 33 18 39 38 42 20 killer cells; NK-T, 50:1 (%) Baseline 33 1 ± 7 0 a 34 29 28 25 36 39 46 28 natural killer T cells. Post-supplementation 52 6 ± 13 6* 59 48 46 33 59 67 71 38

Homeopathic Supportive Cancer Therapy: Homeopathic Supportive Cancer Therapy: Chemotherapy Adverse Effect Resolution Chemotherapy Adverse Effect Resolution . Supportive care includes treatment of the adverse effects from usual disease . Homeopathy is effective treatment for chemotherapy-induced stomatitis and treatments, as well as the treatment of psychological, social, and spiritual radiation-induced dermatitis (Arora et al., 2013; Frenkel, 2015). problems due to a disease or its usual treatment (United States Department of . For radiation-induced itching: Causticum (potassium hydrate), Ignatia (from St. Igntius beans [Ignatius amara], Kali Bichromicum (potassium bichromate), Psorinum, Rhus Health and Human Services, n.d.). Toxicodendron, and Gamma Ray. Calendula 30C or Fluoric Acid 30C 5 pellets every 4- . Conventional cancer treatments’ adverse effects are treated with Nux vomica hours or Calendula ointment twice daily prevent grade 2 or worse dermatitis in breast cancer patients, p < .001. (from Strychnos nux-vomica L.), Radium bromatum, Belladonna, Lachesis . For radiation-induced burns, ulcers, pain, myalgias, fatigue, and Lhermitte’s sign (a sharp (from bushmaster snake venom), and Sepia. sensation from the neck down the back and into the limbs): Radium Bromatum 30C. . These remedies improve nausea (p = .039), insomnia (p = 008), depression (p = .004), . For stomatitis, Traumeel, comprised of Aconitum napellus, Arnica montana, Belladonna, anxiety (p = .007), asthenia (p = .007), and hot flashes (p = .008) (Rossi, Picchi, Panozzo, Di Bellis perennis, Calendula officinalis, Chamomilla, Echinacea, E. purpurea, Hamamelis Stefano, & Baccetti, 2015). virginiana, Hepar sulphuris calcareum, Hypericum perforatum, Mercurius solubilis, Atropa belladonna, by Franz Eugen Millefolium, and Symphytum officinale. Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen Lachesis muta muta (bushmaster snake), by Christopher Murray STRYCHNOS Nux vomica L. 107 (strychnine tree) Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen in Calendula arvensis, (field naturgetreuen Abbildungen mit kurz erläuterndem Texte : Atlas zur Pharmacopoea marigold), by Alvesgaspar germanica Radiation dermatitis, from Palatty et al., 2014

APHA 2018; Oroma B. Nwanodi 4 Homeopathy: Curative, Concurrent, and 8/10/2017 Supportive Cancer Therapy

Homeopathic Supportive Cancer Therapy: Homeopathic Supportive Cancer Therapy: Chemotherapy Adverse Effect Resolution Chemotherapy Adverse Effect Resolution . Female breast cancer patients in a Jadad score 5, triple blind randomized control . A Phase III RCT, Jadad/Oxford score ≥ 3/5, of Cocculine, treatment was trial (RCT), studying Sepia, Calcarea carbonica, Sulfur, Llachesis, Kali arbonicum, performed with 431 non-metastatic breast cancer patients before starting six and amyl nitrate containing Hyland’s Menopause tablets, Sanguinaria canadensis, cycles of chemotherapy beginning with three or more cycles of 5-Flurouracil, and Lachesis, achieved significantly improved general health (Frenkel, 2015). adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC 50), 5-Flurouracil, epirubicin, and . Based on Short Form 36 (SF-36) homeopathic remedies for menopausal symptoms cyclophosphamide (FEC 100), or Taxotere, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide significantly improve breast cancer survivors’ QOL, p = .02 for single remedy, and p (TAC) did not find an effect on nausea, vomiting, global emesis, or QOL (Pérol =.03 for combination remedy (Shneerson, Taskila, Gale, Greenfield, & Chen, 2013). et al., 2012). . Combination remedy: Hyland’s Menopause (Standard Homeopathic . Cocculine, a complex homeopathic remedy registered in France for nausea Company, Los Angeles, CA), comprised of Amyl nitrate 3X (1:1000 and travel sickness, is comprised of Cocculus indicus 4 CH, Nux vomica 4 CH, dilution), Sanguinaria canadensis, the bloodroot plant, 3X (1:1000 dilution), Petroleum 4 CH, and Tabacum 4 CH. and Lachesis, the poison of the Bushmaster snake, 12X (1:1,000,000,000,000 dilution), taken as 1 tablet trice daily. . Single remedy: selected per the patient’s presentation.

Sanguinaria canadensis

Homeopathic Supportive Cancer Therapy: Homeopathic Supportive Cancer Therapy: Chemotherapy Adverse Effect Resolution Chemotherapy Adverse Effect Resolution . Hetero-isotherapy uses the substance that caused an adverse reaction in a homeopathic . An Austrian, 410-patient RCT compared conventional cancer treatment to dilution (Bagot, 2016). conventional cancer treatment with homeopathy that could be changed at each of . Recognized in France in 1965, hetero-isotherapy is accepted by the French health insurance three visits (Frass et al., 2015). system as homeopathic medicine. . At least 20 different homeopathic treatments were used by 10 or more patients . Hetero-isotherapy solutions gradually changed from 5C to 15C, are taken the day following in the adjunctive homeopathy group. chemotherapy. . Significantly improved cognitive, emotional, physical, role, and social functioning, . Rhus toxicodendron associated hetero-isotherapy resolves epithelial growth factor inhibitor global health status, and subjective wellbeing, as well as, reduced fatigue, pain, caused folliculitis, permitting treatment continuance. dyspnea, insomnia, and appetite loss, p < .05 in all cases, were achieved by the . Hetero-isotherapy has facilitated completion of 5-year hormone therapy protocols. . Sorafenib 7c and Cantharis vesicatoria 7c (from Lytta vesicatoria [Spanish fly of the Meloidae family homeopathy group. [blister beetles]] that produces the toxin cantharidin) combination hetero-isotherapy resolves . Only constipation, diarrhea, and nausea and vomiting were not significantly sorafenib induced hand and foot syndrome within two months. improved in the homeopathy group. . Sorafenib (Nexavar) is a kinase inhibitor for advanced renal cell carcinoma, advanced . hepatocellular carcinoma, and radioactive iodine resistant advanced thyroid carcinoma Lacked intent to treat analysis: Only treatment responders are analyzed, leading treatment. to selection and positive responder biases. . If Sorafenib 7c and sorafenib are begun simultaneously, Cantharis may be unnecessary. . Access to other integrative treatments, and the flexible homeopathic treatment selection, preclude facile study replication and transfer protocolized clinical practice. Hycleus lugens, one of the 7,500 species comprising the family Meloidae, Lytta vesicatoria, by Muhammad Mahdi Karim by Franco christophe

Homeopathy’s Adverse Effects Homeopathy’s Adverse Effects . Nonuse of conventional treatment due to homeopathy use can . Some homeopathic treatments use known poisonous plant and contribute to disease progression, which is considered an adverse animal sources (Posadzki, Alotaibi, & Ernst, 2012). effect of homeopathy use, and an indication of unprofessional conduct . Ultramolecular preparations are necessary for patient's safety (Chirumbolo, (Posadzki et al., 2012). 2014; Posadzki et al., 2012). . Acute lymphatic leukemia is a malignant condition for which this has occurred. . Nanoparticles and nanobubbles can affect a solution's biochemical and . There is a blurred distinction between an adverse effect and biological activity (Chirumbolo, 2014). anticipated homeopathic aggravation from like treating like chronic . It is biologically plausible that ultramolecular, non-sucussed preparations are sufficient to produce cellular response, as indicated from in vitro malady. studies of Arsenicum album 6CH, 30Ch, and 200CH on the MT4 . Professionalism is necessary in the identification and reporting of homeopathic (Ive, Couchman, & Reddy, 2012). aggravations and genuine adverse effects (Stub, Salamonsen, & Alraek, 2012). continuous cell line . A systematic review of eight controlled homeopathic cancer treatment trials encompassing 664 participants did not find serious adverse effects (Frenkel, 2015). . In another study, more than 74 integrative medicine preparations contained toxic organic substances, excessive heavy metals, or had microbial contaminants (Ben- Arye et al., 2012).

APHA 2018; Oroma B. Nwanodi 5 Homeopathy: Curative, Concurrent, and 8/10/2017 Supportive Cancer Therapy

Homeopathy’s Adverse Effects Homeopathy’s Adverse Effects . In vitro application of aristolochic acid containing Aristolochia clematitis L. and Asarum europaeum L. MT exhibits dose-dependent DNA synthesis inhibition in human hepatoma HepG2 cells, leading to S-phase arrest, despite p53 and p21 induction (Nitzsche, Melzig, & Arlt, 2013). . Aristolochia spp. Are banned for carcinogenicity in some nations (Nitzsche et al., 2013). Conium maculatum . Nutraceuticals containing Piper methysticum (kava; used for mood (hemlock) disorders including anxiety and premenstrual syndromes) or Symphytum officinale (comfrey; used for halving bone healing time) should also be avoided due to potential hepatotoxicity (Singendonk et al., 2013). . Kava has been banned in several nations due to potential hepatotoxicity. The Death of Socrates by . Kava consumed at 100-fold the recommended therapeutic dose, may result in Jacques-Louis David, 1787, extrapyramidal adverse effects and reversible, yellow, ichthyosiform kava from dermopathy occur. http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.c . Comfrey is associated with pulmonary toxicity and cancer. om/socrates.htm. 399 BC, actually occurred adjacent to the Acropolis Piper methysticum leaves, by Forest & Kim Starr Symphytum uplandicum (Russian comfrey) leaves, by Finchj

Homeopathy’s Adverse Effects Homeopathy’s Adverse Effects . Homeopathic treatments containing allergenic conventional . Over the counter sale of homeopathic treatments such as Hyland’s medications without disclosure to the consumer have been voluntarily teething tablets is an example of lack of supervision of homeopathy. withdrawn from the United States market (Van Dusen & Pray, 2014). . Although only 62% of integrative cancer treatment was under direction of . Active ingredient substitution or toxic overconcentration, especially an integrative practitioner, only six adverse effects from homeopathy and without proof of efficacy and safety, are forms of health fraud in the United States of America. phytotherapy were reported by a group of 457 German pediatric cancer . patients (Gottschling et al., 2014). Since October 3, 2010 the United States Food and Drug Administration . Adverse effects ranged from nausea and vomiting, to skin rash and primary (FDA) has pursued Hyland’s Teething Tablets, purportedly comprised of aggravation of symptoms, none of which required medical intervention. calcium phosphate, chamomile, crude coffee, and belladonna 12X or .0000000000003% alkaloids, which is not the formulation of . In another study, homeopathic combination remedies that included Dentokind®. mistletoe were associated with increased headaches at 6 and 12 months . Hyland’s Teething Tablets had belladonna toxicity and injured babies without proof (p = .04 and p = .03, respectively) (Shneerson et al., 2013). of efficacy: Agitation, constipation, respiratory and voiding difficulty, lethargy, . Localized injection site reactions occurred in a study of subcutaneous mistletoe muscle weakness, seizures, skin flushing, and somnolence occurred following therapy. purchase in non-tamper proof containers. . Pharmacies stopped selling Hyland’s teething tablets, proving more responsible than the manufacturer (Voelker, 2016).

Future Research Future Research . Fixed integrative medicine protocols, used by 70.2% of European . Identical cell lines and animal models use in homeopathic, integrative oncology centers should pave the way for reproducible nutraceutical, or phytochemical trials would facilitate direct clinical trial protocols (Rossi et al., 2015). comparison across studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. . Allow execution of corroborating RCT, and appropriate transference to clinical use. . Trials should be designed to prevent delayed entry time bias (the . Corroborating RCT are needed for the Prasanta Banerji Homeopathic Research Foundation standalone ultramolecular glioma treatment protocol, Ruta graveolens delay in first treatment from the point of first diagnosis) and immortal 6c and Calcerea phosphorica 3X. time bias (Aust, 2016). . Standardized formulations with identical amounts of active ingredients . Adherence to intent to treat analysis increases RCT validity. should be used in trials. . Formulations containing differing levels of main ingredients, for instance 6- bromoisatin in Murex purpurea, preclude reproducibility, and should be avoided (Edwards et al., 2012). . Increased homeopathic treatment potentization procedure standardization is necessary for realistic attempts at reproducibility trials (Majewsky et al., 2014).

APHA 2018; Oroma B. Nwanodi 6 Homeopathy: Curative, Concurrent, and 8/10/2017 Supportive Cancer Therapy

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