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Town of Springfield, New Hampshire

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Town of Springfield, New Hampshire TOWN OF SPRINGFIELD, NEW HAMPSHIRE NATURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY March 2008 Report Prepared by: Watershed to Wildlife, Inc. John C. Severance and Elise J. Lawson Natural Resource Consultants 42 Mill Street, Suite 3 Littleton, NH 03561 Natural Resource Inventory for Springfield, NH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report has involved hard work by many people in Springfield. Involvement of volunteers has greatly increased the amount of data collected on natural resource features throughout town. Town of Springfield Springfield Conservation Commission members: John Trachy, Cynthia Bruss, Todd Richardson, Daphne Klein, Ken Jacques, Bob Anderson, and Jane Seekamp State of New Hampshire Howard A. Lewis, Forester I, DRED Funding for this Project Provided by: The Royal Arch Fund with approval by the Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests Town of Springfield 2 Natural Resource Inventory for Springfield, NH TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES……………………………………………….. 4 METHODOLOGY……………………………………………………………………… 5 Field Work……………………………………………………………………… 5 Gather Existing Digital Data…………………………………………………… 6 Accuracies of Existing Maps…………………………………………………… 6 Compile Existing Data into Autocad and Arcview……………………………... 7 GIS Training Workshop………………………………………………………… 9 Public Information Presentation………………………………………………… 9 RESULTS………………………………………………………………………………. 10 Rivers and Large Waterbodies………………………………………………….. 10 Sub Watersheds…………………………………………………………………. 11 Riparian Habitat and Flood Plains……………………………………………… 12 Wetlands………………………………………………………………………… 13 Permanent Openings……………………………………………………………. 18 Forested Lands………………………………………………………………….. 21 Bedrock Geology……………………………………………………………….. 23 Soils……………………………………………………………………………... 26 Farmland………………………………………………………………………... 27 Stratified Drift Aquifers………………………………………………………… 28 Slope……………………………………………………………………………. 29 Rare Species and Exemplary Natural Communities……………………………. 30 Wildlife Action Plan 35 Scenic Resources………………………………………………………………... 37 Conserved Land………………………………………………………………… 38 Cultural Resources……………………………………………………………… 39 Invasive Plant Species…………………………………………………………... 41 Habitat Area Summary Table…………………………………………………... 43 DISCUSSION – FUTURE APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITS………………………. 44 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………….. 47 MAPS…………………………………………………………………………………… 48 Wetlands and Hydric Soils……………………………………………………… 49 Dense Softwoods and Permanent Openings……………………………………. 50 Prime, State and Local Farmland……………………………………………….. 51 Conserved Lands and Vernal Pools………………………………………….. 52 Subwatersheds – Level 12 and Aquifers.....................…………………………. 53 Bedrock Geology……………………………………………………………….. 54 Town of Springfield 3 Natural Resource Inventory for Springfield, NH INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The Town of Springfield, New Hampshire contains 28,478.8 acres (approximately 44.5 square miles). Of that total area, 2,064.6 acres is inland water (GRANIT data), approximately 8,480 acres are conserved lands (public and private) and the remaining 20,000± acres are either developed or available for development. Springfield was incorporated in 1794 and at the time of the first census the population was 210. In 1950 the population was 324, had risen to 948 in 2000 and was 1,114 in 2005. The population increase underscores the importance of compiling information that will assist in future land use planning. Two lumbering operations and a wood burning electric generating plant are the main industries in Springfield, with additional businesses focusing on services, tourism, and recreation. Springfield has many miles of snowmobile and hiking trails. The 6,500+ acres of the Gile Memorial Forest provides a large area for outdoor activities in all seasons. McDaniel’s Marsh is a New Hampshire Fish and Game Management Area where people enjoy canoeing, kayaking, and fishing. Springfield also has a number of lakes and ponds that are suitable for swimming and other water activities. Springfield contains a wide variety of ecological habitats due to the great diversity in its landscape, many of which were observed during this inventory. Most of the land in Springfield that is not part of the residential downtown areas is presently forested, differing dramatically from the height of the Agricultural Era when approximately 85% of the land was cleared. Only a small percentage of land is currently farmed and limited permanent openings exist. This project provides a base Natural Resource Inventory (NRI) with the creation of a Springfield GIS database that can integrate other studies and future data. Newly digitized data from this project (permanent openings and dense softwood cover) is projected in NH State Plane Coordinates, NAD 83, and compatible with existing GRANIT Springfield GIS data. Areas kept open, such as this field, offer scenic views of hills and wildlife ponds. Town of Springfield 4 Natural Resource Inventory for Springfield, NH One of the goals of this project is to provide inventory, management recommendations, and planning tools for the Town of Springfield. Another goal of the project is to integrate all existing data for Springfield, with new data created and field verified from this project, including dense softwood stands and permanent opening areas. This produces a seamless comprehensive town-wide composite, and provides an educational and planning tool. It promotes conservation of riparian habitat, wetlands, and unique co-existing natural resource features throughout the town. Measurable objectives of this project include the following: 1. Provide the Town of Springfield with new accurate, standardized coverages that can begin building a GIS database. 2. Incorporate natural resources, scenic vistas, cultural resources, and other related elements for comprehensive planning. 3. Increase awareness of the values of the rural characteristics of the Town including scenic view areas, recreation areas, riparian buffer habitat, and wetlands with associated wildlife habitat through a public presentation and discussion. 4. Provide the Town with the ability to produce hardcopy printouts of this new data as requested or needed. 5. Provide the Town with the ability to continue to build upon and update the digital database. METHODOLOGY The Springfield Conservation Commission (SCC) appointed Cynthia Bruss as the contact person for Watershed to Wildlife, Inc. (WTW). WTW consulted with the SCC for location of field work. Copies of the Springfield Master Plan completed in 2005, Springfield Zoning Ordinances (current as amended March 13, 2007), and a series of maps with GPS locations taken within the Gile State Memorial Forest in Springfield were provided to WTW. Field Work Fieldwork was conducted to get an overall view of Springfield, with a focus on previously identified target areas. This work included inventories and assessments on several wetland complexes, beaver ponds, lakes and ponds, forested habitats, rock outcrops and overlooks, and agricultural uses of the land throughout the Town. Existing roads and trails were followed to access most field sites, while in some cases compass-based orienteering and topographic maps were used. Most of one field day was dedicated to canoeing the entire length of McDaniels Marsh for a unique perspective of natural resources from the water. GPS data were collected at points of interest including monuments, brook crossings, vernal pools, dense softwood stands, rare plant species, old cemeteries, and unique or interesting habitats. In addition, photographs were taken with a digital camera at points of interest throughout the Town. During fieldwork sessions any unique habitat co-occurrences were noted in field books and located on a map. Observed invasive plant species were also documented. Springfield residents volunteered and guided WTW on several occasions and offered local knowledge of sites and areas. Town of Springfield 5 Natural Resource Inventory for Springfield, NH Several residents of Springfield have conducted fieldwork, noted observations, and taken GPS points in their Town over the past several years. This is especially true of locations within the Gile State Memorial Forest. WTW reviewed three maps provided from these previous studies: 1. Map 1 - general points of interest with wildlife observations, vernal pools, beaver activities, wetlands and brook crossings, 2. Map 2 – locations of old cellar holes and names of former occupants 3. Map 3 – focusing on dams, bridges, culverts, mines, quarries, mill sites, camps, stone piles, retaining walls, markers, stone wells, and other features such as old fields, apple orchards, lanes, and snowmobile trails. Data from these maps was entered into the Towns GIS system for use with all NRI data. All digital information belongs to Springfield and was delivered on CD-ROM(s) with hardcopy formats where appropriate. Gather Existing Digital Data Existing maps and data for the Town of Springfield were collected. The following table shows which maps were obtained, their scale, and the national mapping standard accuracy measure. Since many decisions are based on parcels as they relate to rivers, roads, trails, ponds, wetlands and other features, it is important to point out the working accuracies of these data sources. Combining these sources in various overlays provides an excellent overview and planning tool, but does not replace the need to perform site-specific investigations for many subdivision requests. Please refer to the table below to better understand some of these accuracy issues. Accuracies of Existing Maps Data Source Ratio Scale
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