Swellendam Municipality General Valuation Roll 2013 to 2017 Malgas
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The Khoekhoen of the Breede River Swellendam an Archaeological and Historical Landscape Study
The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University The Khoekhoen of the Breede River Swellendam: an archaeological and historical landscape study Charles Ian Arthur Town Thesis presented for the degree of Master of Science Department of Archaeology University of Cape Town Cape Marchof 2008 University The Khoekhoen of the Breede River Swellendam an archaeological and historical landscape study Abstract This thesis investigates the archaeological visibility of indigenous herders in the Swellendam area of the Western Cape. The primary aim is to develop a methodology that combines the analysis of historical documents with archaeological survey. The literature review finds that the dominant model of 'hunter' 'herder' identity has favoured deep stratified midden sites at the expense of low density sites and the open landscape. The model is also linked to the persistence of outdated typological analysis and the lack of research into post-contact indigenous archaeology. Historical sources are reviewed in terms of their potential for developing archaeologicalTown questions as well as for designing a survey. A small section of the Breede River is identified that includes a number of locations with specific reference to Khoekhoen settlement in the 17th and 18th Centuries. Thirty seven open air sitesCape are reported from survey in this area Three large surface concentrations of indigenous pottery and a stone and aloe enclosure are chosen for a further phase of investigation consisting of surface collection and test excavation. -
Breede River Estuarine Management Plan
Breede River Estuarine Management Plan Final Draft June 2016 Breede River Estuary Management Plan i DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Document title and version: Breede River Estuarine Management Plan Project Name: Western Cape Estuary Management Framework and Implementation Strategy Client: Western Cape Government, Department of Environmental Affairs & Development Planning Royal HaskoningDHV reference number: MD1819 Authority reference: EADP 1/2015 Compiled by: SSI Environmental (1st Edition, revised 2011), Royal HaskoningDHV (2nd Edition, 2016) Acknowledgements: C.A.P.E. Cape Action for People and the Environment CapeNature Western Cape Government Environmental Affairs & Development Planning Chief Directorate: Environmental Sustainability Directorate: Biodiversity and Coastal Management Email: [email protected] Date: June 2016 Breede River Estuarine Management Plan Breede River Estuarine Management Plan i DOCUMENT USE The National Estuarine Management Protocol (the Protocol), promulgated in May 2013 under the National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act (Act No. 24 of 2008, as amended by Act No. 36 of 2014), sets out the minimum requirements for individual estuarine management plans. In 2014, a review was conducted by the National Department of Environmental Affairs: Oceans and Coasts (DEA, 2014) on the existing management plans to ensure, inter alia, the alignment of these plans with the Protocol. This revision of the Draft Breede River Estuarine Management Plan (EMP), including the Situation Assessment -
Birding Tour South Africa: Western Cape Custom Tour
BIRDING TOUR SOUTH AFRICA: WESTERN CAPE CUSTOM TOUR 8-12 OCTOBER 2016 By Chris Lotz Orange-breasted Sunbird (photo John Tinkler) www.birdingecotours.com [email protected] 2 | T R I P R E P O R T Western Cape custom tour October 2016 ITINERARY Date (2016) Location Overnight 8-Oct Cape Town to Tankwa Karoo Sothemba Lodge, Tankwa 9-Oct Full day in the Karoo Sothemba Lodge, Tankwa 10-Oct Tankwa Karoo to the Overberg Mudlark River Front Lodge 11-Oct Agulhas Plains Mudlark River Front Lodge 12-Oct Betty's Bay and Rooiels (back in Cape Town) Day 1: 8 October 2016 I fetched Robert and Elizabeth from Hotel Verde at Cape Town International Airport at 7:30 a.m., and we immediately started heading toward the amazingly endemic-rich Tankwa Karoo. But we had lots of birding to do before getting to the Karoo. En route we stopped in the famous Cape wine town of Paarl for an hour or two, as Paarl boasts some excellent birding sites and is perfectly right on the way to the Karoo. Just as we entered Paarl we were glad to be able to stop for a pale-phase Booted Eagle soaring above us – we actually ended up seeing a good number of this small eagle throughout our tour. After admiring the eagle we headed for the botanical garden within the Paarl Mountain Nature Reserve, where we got acquainted with a bunch of fynbos endemics and other goodies. This trip proved excellent for raptors. As we arrived at the botanical garden, we saw a Black Harrier hunting, then later we got amazingly close views of a perched African Goshawk – a two-accipiter morning is always a good morning! Three species of beautiful sunbirds were much in evidence: Malachite, Southern Double-collared, and Orange-breasted Sunbirds. -
Timeline Port Beaufort & Malgas
TIMELINE FOR PORT BEAUFORT & MALGAS 1488: The Portuguese recognized the Breede River Mouth as the finest natural anchorage on the whole southern seaboard of Africa. 1576: King Sebastian’s navigator, Manuel De Mesquita Perestrello called the bay, St. Sebastian’s Bay, after “Dom Sebastiao, the most serene King of Portugal”, and the west bank “Cape Infanta”. 1790: San Sebastian Bay was surveyed by the French sea captain, Captain Duminy. 1798: During May, the Breede River mouth was visited by Lady Anne Barnard and her husband, who was Colonial Secretary under the British Administration, with Jacob Van Reenen of Slang River. 1800: Landrost Anthonie Faure reported to Governor Sir George Young that the river was suitable for navigation “up to six hours inland, with excellent safe loading – places for small vessels along either bank”. 1802: Baron Von Buchenröder visited San Sebastian’s Bay, crossed the river in a small boat and pronounced it “only three to four feet deep at low tide, thus only suitable for sloops and long flat vessels, such as one sees on the Main, Nekker and Weser in Germany”. He also found an English ship anchored in the Breede River. 1803: Dirk Gysbert Van Reenen gave the same advice (as Baron Von Buchenröder) to General Janssens. 1813: Malagas got its name from the farm belonging to Adriaan Odendaal, “Malagas Craal gelegen aan de Breede River” which took its name from a former Khoikhoi Chief. 1817: It was found that the bar was navigable by vessels displacing not more than six feet of water. Lord Charles Somerset named the east bank of Breede River after the title of his father, the 5th Duke of Beaufort. -
Breede River Basin Study. Groundwater Assessment
DEPARTMENT OF WATER AFFAIRS AND FORESTRY BREEDE RIVER BASIN STUDY GROUNDWATER ASSESSMENT Final MAY 2003 Groundwater Consulting Services P O Box 2597 Rivonia 2128 Tel : +27 11 803 5726 Fax : +27 11 803 5745 e-mail : [email protected] This report is to be referred to in bibliographies as : Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa. 2003. Groundwater Assessment. Prepared by G Papini of Groundwater Consulting Services as part of the Breede River Basin Study. DWAF Report No. PH 00/00/2502. BREEDE RIVER BASIN STUDY GROUNDWATER ASSESSMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The objectives of this study were to assess the significance and distribution of groundwater resources in the Breede River catchment, estimate the amount of abstraction and degree of stress it may be causing and to indicate the scope for further development of groundwater resources. This was achieved by a review of all available literature and obtaining yields and quantities from all significant schemes. The characterisation of important aquifers and assessment of the groundwater balance (recharge versus consumption) allowed for identification of further groundwater potential. The geohydrology of the Breede River catchment is controlled by the occurrence of the rocks of the Table Mountain Group (which form the mountainous areas), the occurrence of high levels of faulting and folding in the syntaxis area of the upper catchment and the variable rainfall, being highest in the mountainous areas in the west. These factors result in a catchment with highest groundwater potential in the west, where recharge, yields and abstraction potential are greatest and the quality is the best. As a result of these factors, the western half of the catchment is also the area with the greatest groundwater use. -
Rainfall and River Flow Trends for the Western Cape Province, South Africa
Rainfall and river flow trends for the Western Cape AUTHORS: Province, South Africa Rakhee Lakhraj-Govender1 Stefan W. Grab2 Climate change has the potential to alter the spatio-temporal distribution of rainfall, subsequently affecting AFFILIATIONS: 1School of Environmental, Water and the supply and demand of water resources. In a water-stressed country such as South Africa, this effect has Earth Sciences, Tshwane University significant consequences. To this end, we investigated annual and winter rainfall and river flow trends for the of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa Western Cape Province over two periods: 1987–2017 and 1960–2017. Annual rainfall for the most recent 2School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University 30-year period shows decreasing trends, with the largest magnitude of decrease at the SA Astronomical of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Observatory rainfall station (-54.38 mm/decade). With the exception of the significant decreasing winter South Africa rainfall trend at Langewens (-34.88 mm/decade), the trends vary between stations for the period 1960– CORRESPONDENCE TO: 2017. For the period 1987–2017, statistically significant decreasing winter trends were found at four of the Rakhee Lakhraj-Govender seven stations, and range from -6.8 mm/decade at Cape Columbine to -34.88 mm/decade at Langewens. Similarly, the magnitudes of decreasing winter river flow at Bree@Ceres and Berg@Franschoek are greater EMAIL: [email protected] for the more recent 30-year period than for 1960–2017. Correlation coefficients for Vilij@Voeliv rainfall and four river flow stations (Berg@Franschoek, Bree@Ceres, Wit River@Drosterkloof and Little Berg@ DATES: Nieuwkloof) are stronger for shorter periods (i.e. -
Threatened Ecosystems in South Africa: Descriptions and Maps
Threatened Ecosystems in South Africa: Descriptions and Maps DRAFT May 2009 South African National Biodiversity Institute Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism Contents List of tables .............................................................................................................................. vii List of figures............................................................................................................................. vii 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 8 2 Criteria for identifying threatened ecosystems............................................................... 10 3 Summary of listed ecosystems ........................................................................................ 12 4 Descriptions and individual maps of threatened ecosystems ...................................... 14 4.1 Explanation of descriptions ........................................................................................................ 14 4.2 Listed threatened ecosystems ................................................................................................... 16 4.2.1 Critically Endangered (CR) ................................................................................................................ 16 1. Atlantis Sand Fynbos (FFd 4) .......................................................................................................................... 16 2. Blesbokspruit Highveld Grassland -
Environmental Resources Protection Plan for the Breede River Catchment in the Western Cape 2017 Western Cape Government
Environmental Resources Protection Plan for the Breede River Catchment in the Western Cape 2017 WESTERN CAPE GOVERNMENT ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES PROTECTION PLAN FOR THE BREEDE RIVER CATCHMENT IN THE WESTERN CAPE 2017 Cover image source: Breede River (Photo: Jason Mingo) Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning (DEA&DP) Project Sponsors, quality assurance and oversight: Gottlieb Arendse, Chief Director Environmental Quality Wilna Kloppers, Director Pollution and Chemical Management Project leader: Breede River Environmental Resources Protection Plan (ERPP), Zayed Brown Contributors to the Breede River ERPP: Annabel Horn1 Catherine Bill Wilna Kloppers Russell Mehl Nicole Garcia Gunther Franz Zayed Brown Jason Mingo Marlé Kunneke Anthony van Wyk Akhona Ndletyana Helena Jacobs Julien Rumbelow Chantel Hauptfleisch Rudolf Van Jaarsveldt Contributors to plan from Sub-Directorate Spatial Information Management, DEA&DP: Rasivhetshele Bill Nesengani Dalene Stapelberg Contributors to plan from CapeNature: Jeanne Gouws Martine Jordaan Peter Viljoen Contributor to plan from DHS: Louis Welgemoed Contribution on Partnership: EDP 1 Plan edited by Annabel Marian Horn Contact: [email protected] or [email protected] Tel: 021 483 8100 or 079 097 9271 CON NTE TS Ministers Foreword . 1 Introduction2 . 2 The Description of the tasks set out for the Breede River ERPP . 6 TASK 1: Water Quality & River Health Monitoring .......................................... 8 TASK 2: Improve the Performance of Wastewater Treatment -
Breede River Basin Study. Papenkuils Wetland
DEPARTMENT OF WATER AFFAIRS AND FORESTRY BREEDE RIVER BASIN STUDY PAPENKUILS WETLAND INTERMEDIATE (ECOLOGICAL) RESERVE DETERMINATION (LOW CONFIDENCE) Final MAY 2003 Southern Waters Ecological Research and Consulting P O Box 13280 MOWBRAY 7705 Tel : (021) 685 4166 Fax : (021) 685 4630 This report is to be referred to in bibliographies as : Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa. 2003. Papenkuils Wetland : Intermediate (Ecological) Reserve Determination. Prepared by W R Harding of Southern Waters Ecological Research and Consulting as part of the Breede River Basin Study. DWAF Report No. PH 00/00/1402. PH 00/00/1402 BREEDE RIVER BASIN STUDY PAPENKUILS WETLAND INTERMEDIATE (ECOLOGICAL) RESERVE DETERMINATION (LOW CONFIDENCE) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY RESERVE DETERMINATIONS UNDERTAKEN FOR THE BREEDE RIVER BASIN STUDY Environmental sustainability forms one of the cornerstones of the National Water Act. In recognition of this, and to provide the information that would be required to set Preliminary Reserves in the Breede Water Management Area, a considerable portion of study resources was directed toward determining the ecological water requirements of the aquatic ecosystems in the catchments of the Breede River. Reserve determinations were carried out for the following components of the Reserve : The Papenkuils Wetland. (The subject of this report.) Riverine water quantity, documented in Report PH 00/00/1302 Ecological Reserve Determination for Six Representative Sites using the Building Block Methodology. Riverine water quality, documented in Reports PH 00/00/3402 Ecological Reserve Determination (Water Quality), and PH 00/00/3602 Ecological Reserve Determination (Water Quality) – Recalculation of the Water Quality Reserve. The Breede River Estuary, documented in Report PH 00/00/1102 Intermediate Determination of Resource Directed Measures for the Breede River Estuary. -
De Hoop Nature Reserve
NATURE RESERVE AND MARINE PROTECTED AREA This is a World Heritage site DE HOOP DE HOOP nly three hours from Cape Town, De Hoop Nature Reserve bontebok and Cape mountain zebra, were bred for restocking is situated in the Overberg region near the southern tip of reserves and sale to private landowners. Since the early 1970s, Africa. The reserve is approximately 36 000ha in size and however, the primary objective of De Hoop has been to con- one of the largest natural areas managed by CapeNature. It is serve natural ecosystems typical of the Western Cape coastal m O o .c a favourite destination for hikers, cyclists, bird watchers and, region. The Marine Protected Area was proclaimed in March s e g a m i k during the winter and early summer months, whale watchers. 1986, contributing significantly to the conservation of this r .a w w w The Marine Protected Area, which extends three nautical miles region’s coastal marine resources. : o t o h (5km) out to sea, is one of the largest marine protected areas P in Africa, providing a sanctuary for a vast and fascinating array of marine life. MARINE PROTECTED AREA Climate RESERVE AND NATURE A typical Mediterranean climate prevails in the region - summers History are warm and winters mild. Annual rainfall is about 380mm and August is usually the wettest month. Sea mists also occur. The It is believed that many thousands of years ago, Stone Age most frequent summer winds are east, west and southeast, people hunted game in the De Hoop area, followed by Late while westerly and southwesterly winds prevail in winter. -
The Cape Floristic Region, Within Which
1 heCape Floristic Region, within which in the Overberg wheat belt, so that landowners you are farming, is the smallest, yet can see how we are all working together towards richest Plant Kingdom in the world. a shared vision, through partnering with farmers It is comprised of Mountain Fynbos to ensure the long-term survival of this Critically T(nutrient-poor soils), Coastal Strandveld (nutrient Endangered habitat and all its dependent rich, alkaline soils) and Renosterveld (nutrient- wildlife. The remnants and watercourses that rich, clay-derived soils). Fynbos and Strandveld hold the ecological functioning of the Rûens tend to be dominated by the showier Proteas, wheat belt together are currently threatened by Ericas and Restios, while Renosterveld is generally mismanagement. In contrast, several coastal and dominated by grasses and shrubs belonging to montane reserves exist in the areas surrounding the daisy family. Because Renosterveld is found the wheat belt. The remnants of natural habitats on more fertile soils, it has been converted and watercourses in the Rûens can be considered extensively to croplands, to such a degree that the ‘life blood’ of this region. Landowners are less than 5% remains. Lowland Renosterveld, starting to realise that a paradigm shift in mind- often referred to as uitvalgrond (‘wasteland’) by sets and management is required if we are to keep farmers, has been overlooked, misunderstood this landscape alive and functioning. The Overberg and largely neglected. However, Renosterveld is Lowlands Conservation Trust is committed to considered the richest bulb habitat on Earth and is facilitating these changes, through building renowned for its incredible spring ower displays relationships with landowners and assisting with - many popular horticultural bulbs were bred out management on the ground. -
Water in the Western Cape Economy
Water in the Western Cape Economy Report to the WATER RESEARCH COMMISSION by Guy Pegram and Hannah Baleta WRC Report No. 2075/1/13 ISBN 978-1-4312-0517-2 March 2014 Obtainable from Water Research Commission Private Bag X03 Gezina, 0031 [email protected] or download from www.wrc.org.za DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. © Water Research Commission ii Executive Summary BACKGROUND There is increasing consensus in the international water, scientific and development communities that water scarcity will increase dramatically in many parts of the world in the next 20 to 30 years. This will have significant social, political and economic consequences. Awareness of climate change over the past decade has focused broad attention on water as a key resource under threat. This increasing water scarcity will have effects on agriculture, energy, trade, the environment, national sovereignty and international relations as nations who are water scarce continue to deplete their resources while looking to water rich areas to ensure their long term growth and sustainability. In South Africa, these factors increase the challenge of managing South Africa’s limited water resources to achieve economic and social justice imperatives. Historically, water planning has focused on water resources infrastructure development and operation, supported by demand management initiatives to reconcile water requirements and availability. However, as water resources are increasingly developed and utilised, catchment quantity and quality stress tend to increase.