Introducing the S20 Wildlife Corridor an Alternative Proposal for Owlthorpe Fields: Towards a Heathier South East Sheffield
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Introducing the S20 Wildlife Corridor An alternative proposal for Owlthorpe fields: Towards a heathier South East Sheffield Owlthorpe Fields Action Group & Dr Patrick Harrison (Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull) About the Authors Owlthorpe Fields Action Group (OAG) is a not-for-profit, non-political community group set up to stop the destruction of the green space known locally as Owlthorpe Fields. It was formed to protect Owlthorpe Fields from any housing development. Several residents who have lived in the vicinity of Owlthorpe Fields for decades and use it regularly for exercise and relaxation have been involved in the development of this alternative vision, these are: Claire Baker, Christine & Alan Rippon, Sandra Fretwell-Smith & Howard Smith and Gary Monaghan. More information can be found on their website (https://www.owlthorpefields- actiongroup.org.uk) or Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/Owlthorpe-Fields-Action- Group-476779306142625). They can be contacted at [email protected] Patrick Harrison is lecturer of biochemistry at the University of Hull’s Department of Biology and Marine Sciences. He has a close connection to the area having been born and brought up in Waterthorpe. He is currently involved in the development of Waterthorpe Park in conjunction with Friends of Waterthorpe Park to develop an outdoor classroom for Waterthorpe Nursery & Infants School along with the adjoined Emmanuel School, both of which he attended as a child. Patrick can be contacted at [email protected] Executive Summary This document presents a vision for a wildlife corridor in South East Sheffield for the health and wellbeing of the communities in the Beighton, Mosborough and Birley wards by joining up local wildlife sites and, importantly, incorporating Owlthorpe Fields which has been rewilding for 20 years. This document therefore represents an alternative vision to the development of the site for housing by Avant homes (or any other developer) which we believe would be destructive to the biodiversity / wildlife that currently exists on the site and be detrimental to the health & wellbeing of the current and future local residents. Instead we envision a 2-mile long community asset that links health, education and ecology together. This document lays out the evidence supporting our rationale from the perspective of health and education to provide a route to a healthier South East Sheffield before moving on to detail some of the things we would like to see. Finally, we discuss the S20 corridor in the context of reducing health inequalities that exist within Sheffield. Document Audience This document is aimed at a diverse audience and has been written from that perspective. This audience includes but is not limited to: Sheffield City Council (SCC) councillors for the local wards and those involved in planning and development, SCC departments including Parks and Countryside and Planning, Clive Betts MP for South East Sheffield, Residents who wish to know more about this alternative vision, Local interest groups such as history, ecology, exercise groups who may wish to develop ideas based on the corridor, Potential partners such as The Sheffield and Rotherham Wildlife Trust (SRWT), The People Keeping Well (PKW) Network and GP’s interested in developing ecology based social prescriptions with SE Sheffield, Other potential partners such as academics at our regional Universities who may be interested in developing ideas linked to the corridor. Aims and Outcomes The aim of the S20 wildlife corridor is to link up and enhance sites of ecological interest forming a 2-mile long wildlife corridor within the Beighton and Mosborough wards of South East Sheffield. The corridor would be for the benefit of the local communities in these wards, but also the adjacent Birley ward. We believe the incorporation of Owlthorpe Fields (including the Local Wildlife Sites) into the wildlife corridor and linking it to Westfield Plantation, Waterthorpe Park, Waterthorpe Meadows and Beighton Ponds (Fig. 1), is a far more positive vision than the destruction of this ecologically rich, rewilded location for housing, especially considering the area already has substantial housing with its associated congestion. By taking such an interdisciplinary approach and linking ecology, community health and school attainment together, we believe we can have a positive impact on the lives of local people. The wildlife corridor has four aims: 1. To become a space for the benefit of the local community, on their doorstep, where people can engage with nature and which can provide relaxation and exercise to benefit both physical and mental health; 2. At the local level, enhance and link several wildlife habitats such as meadows and wetlands to increase the biodiversity of flora and fauna in the area; 3. Work with local schools, the SRWT, along with our regional Universities to develop outdoor classrooms for local schools in all aspects and at every level of the curriculum; 4. Work with SCC’s social prescribing ‘People Keeping Well’ network and SRWT to develop nature prescriptions to improve the health of the local community. By meeting these aims, we believe the following seven outcomes can be realised: 1. Increased school attainment (Aim 3) 2. A positive change in child physical health (Aim 1, 3) 3. A positive change in child mental health (Aim 1, 3) 4. Increased local cohesion / participation in community schemes (Aim 2, 4) 5. A positive change in wider community mental health (Aim 1, 4) 6. A positive change in wider community physical health (Aim 1, 4) 7. Increased biodiversity in the area (Aim 2) Figure 1: Promotional poster emphasising the areas to be linked together to form the S20 wildlife corridor with a selection of interventions that could be made to enhance each area and provide better linkage A Route to a Healthier South East Sheffield? Evidence for nature-based health and education interventions As many will attest, the Covid-19 crisis has highlighted the importance of engaging with the natural world for our wellbeing. These are not new ideas; the necessity to escape our built environment for greener surroundings is the driving force behind the creation of our National Parks and can be best summed up in the adage ‘A good walk is the perfect way to clear your head’. However, adages aside, there is now an emerging body of evidence to indicate that contact with nature provides benefits for both our physical and mental health. In this section we will discuss some of the research investigating these links, as evidence has emerged from around the world demonstrating correlations between different indices of health and wellbeing and exposure to nature. In a meta-analysis of 103 observational and 40 interventional studies investigating approx. 100 health outcomes, increased exposure to greenspace was associated with a decrease in the stress hormone cortisol, heart rate, blood pressure (diastolic), cholesterol (HDL), and low frequency heart rate variability (HRV) (people with higher HRV may have greater cardiovascular fitness and be more resilient to stress). Additionally, it increased high frequency HRV, as well as a decreased risk of preterm births, type II diabetes, all-cause mortality, small size for gestational age, cardiovascular mortality and an increased incidence of good self-reported health. Incidence of stroke, hypertension, dyslipidaemia (abnormal blood profile), asthma and coronary heart disease were also reduced. For several non-pooled health outcomes, between 66.7% and 100% of studies showed health-denoting associations with increased greenspace exposure including neurological, cancer-related outcomes and respiratory mortality 1. Further, another meta-analysis of 68 studies 2 found a consistent, negative association between urban green space exposure and mortality, heart rate and violence, and positive association with attention, mood and physical activity. Another study showed a 21.3 % / hour cortisol (stress hormone) decrease upon exposure to nature with the rate of fall greatest being between 20-30 minutes 3. This suggests projects like the S20 wildlife corridor, developed essentially on peoples’ doorsteps, thereby allowing short, regular visits to nature, could be very beneficial in reducing stress and anxiety at the community level. As highlighted in The Wildlife Trust’s 2015 report written by The University of Essex entitled ‘Wellbeing Benefits from Natural Environments Rich in Wildlife’, the published evidence shows convincing links between contact with natural environments and human health and wellbeing. Wellbeing is acknowledged to be a multifaceted concept and so the promotion of wellbeing is therefore also multidimensional, with many of the studies in question encompassing activities that fit with the ‘Five Ways to Wellbeing’: Connect, Be Active, Take Notice, Keep Learning & Give 4. These studies focus on the role of nature and green space on adult physical and mental health, but what about on children’s health, particularly mental health? A 2011 UNICEF report on child wellbeing 5 showed that being outdoors listed in the top three things that make children happy. There is evidence supporting the concept that being in nature decreases symptoms of inattention in children with attention deficit disorder / attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD / ADHD) 6 and that access to nature provided a buffer to the psychological stress of major life events 7 with this effect more prominent in disadvantaged