The First Railways in the Orpington Area
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The First Railways in the Orpington Area More by luck than judgement! June 4th 2018 1 The earliest railways on this map date back to 1836 and 1838. By the start of 1858 railways in Kent looked like this. The main service provided by the South Eastern Railway from London Bridge to Dover via Redhill and Tonbridge with branches to Hastings, Canterbury, Ramsgate and Maidstone. A secondary line followed the Thames via Woolwich and Gravesend. Also in sight was the East Kent railway from Faversham to the Medway Towns. But, as you can see, there was a big gap in north west Kent, south east London apart from the optimistically named Mid Kent Railway which had got as far as Beckenham on its, sort of, planned route to Tonbridge and beyond. But things were about to change. June 4th 2018 2 Where to build a railway? • Local population • Main towns • Through traffic • Likely growth • Terrain • Cost Plans to build in this area were not hard to come by, they had been appearing regularly for the previous 20 years, but where to build them, which towns to serve, where would there be most profit? As you can probably see from this map of 1840 there were no towns apart from Bromley and the terrain also presented some problems. Note Down with out the E – which is why Down House is spelt that way, but presumably the inhabitants thought it wasn’t posh enough and the E was added later in the century. June 4th 2018 3 Year Population 1801 693 1811 727 1821 754 1831 842 1841 907 1851 1,203 1881 3,050 1891 4,099 1901 4,259 1911 5,036 1921 7,047 1931 9,870 1951 63,364 1961 80,293 This was the population of Orpington as an example. Even Bromley was only about 4000 in 1851 June 4th 2018 4 In 1854 the SER came up with a plan for a railway from Lewisham to Tonbridge from which you will note Bromley is served by a branch from the main line near Chislehurst and the much easier route north of Orpington and then via the Darenth and Medway valleys was to be used, entering Tonbridge from the east. No railway via Orpington or Chelsfield. June 4th 2018 5 This shows the area in more detail. You may also spot a dotted line from Shortlands to Farnborough, no doubt the West End of London and Crystal Palace Railway (Farnborough Extension), yet another proposal. For reasons I don’t understand, or at least have never seen mentioned, Farnborough was the goal of many early proposals passing through or near Bromley. Perhaps the influence of Sir John Lubbock at High Elms, because it was on the posting route to the coast or it was a convenient place to stop before the North Downs provided a more serious obstacle. June 4th 2018 6 Obviously 1854 was a vintage year, because here is another proposal for a line not, as you might first assume from Beckenham but from the London to Croydon main line at Penge, then this time south of Orpington but passing through Green St. Green before doing a sharp turn to pick up what is roughly the present railway line from Knockholt. This at least realistically realised a tunnel would be needed June 4th 2018 7 We now move forward to 1859 where you can see a number of changes have occurred. First the Crays Railway from near St Pauls Cray had linked up with the Mid Kent railway at Beckenham and by 1860 was connected to Victoria via Crystal Palace. Secondly, by the same date it would be extended in the East as the EKR, now renamed the LCDR, arrived from Rochester. We can see here the proposed railway extension to Farnborough and they even got as far as putting some stakes in the ground on Bromley Common before the June 4th 2018 scheme was scrapped.8 Ove the next few years development continued but not specifically to the advantage of this area. The SER were spending a huge amount of money extending the line beyond London Bridge into Cannon Street and Charing Cross which necessitated moving St. Thomas hospital and buying up various properties, one at least of which happened to belong to Bromley’s Lord of the Manor, Coles Child. Indeed his activities and chicanery eventually led him to be sacked from the SER board, but not before he had done very well out of his membership. Most importantly for this area, however, was that while the SER was spending lots of money elsewhere, the bankrupt LCDR (1865-71) had built a line from Swanley to Bat and Ball along the Darenth valley which meant that the SER option to Tonbridge we saw earlier was no longer available. The proposed 1865 railway illustrated here gives the impression of someone getting a map and drawing lines on it. How Railway No2 would have crossed the scarp face of the North Downs, at its highest point is not made clear. Intriguingly, a dotted line shows approximately the line of the Westerham June 4th 2018 branch as it was eventually built. 9 So, by the mid 1860s the situation was now as shown (apart form the extension to Cannon Street and Charing Cross) and Bromley at least had a railway. But despite all the activity, Orpington and the area around were still left in limbo. The SER was unhappy with the situation because their route to Dover went via LBSCR metals through Croydon for which they had to pay. A direct route to Tonbridge would reduce the journey by 12 miles, a not inconsiderable amount on the 42 miles it was at the time. June 4th 2018 10 But back at the South Eastern Railway HQ on the east side of London Bridge station, plans were afoot. This attractive building, seen here in 2015, survived many vicissitudes but now looks much like this…. June 4th 2018 11 Or pretty much – it has ben completely demolished as part of the London Bridge renewal and creation of what must now be London coldest and draughtiest station. 2018 However, the SER finally bit the bullet and started extending the line south east of Chislehurst… June 4th 2018 12 … basically in a straight line to Tonbridge, which needed of course an enormous embankment across the Cray Valley, and two of the longest tunnels in Britain, at Polhill and Sevenoaks. There were about four miles of tunnels in all. As you can see, from this 1876 map the size of Orpington didn’t require the railway to pass that near. You may also notice that Petts Wood is missing, it was only opened in 1928. And Downe has acquired its E. You will also see that there is no connection between the SER tracks down the screen and the LCDR tracks across the screen, the first loops were only installed in 1902. But finally, Orpington had got a railway and with electrification in 1926 in particular (see the earlier graph) became the heavily populated suburb it is today. June 4th 2018 13 Railway to Orpington Luck or Design? You decide! June 4th 2018 Max Batten BBLHS On 9th March 2018, there were celebrations in the up side, Crofton, ticket office at Orpington to mark the 150th anniversary of the station and also that of Chelsfield. This was actually one week late because of the bad weather the previous week. June 4th 2018 15 Local MP Jo Johnson and SE railway MD David Statham meet over the celebratory cake… June 4th 2018 16 which was actually rather dry and the icing was very thick. But it was free! June 4th 2018 17 The End! Max Batten Bromley Borough Local History Society www.bblhs.org.uk www.facebook.com/BromleyHistory/ www.thebattens.me.uk/brompicindex.html June 4th 2018 18.