Fifth NAWQA Taxonomy Workshop on Harmonization of Algal Taxonomy June 2001

Report No. 02-09

The Patrick Center for Environmental Research

held 13-15 June 2001 at

The Academy of Natural Sciences 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway Philadelphia, PA 19103-1195

Prepared by Eduardo A. Morales

21 June 2002 INTRODUCTION

The Fifth NAWQA Diatom Taxonomy Workshop was held at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia on 13-15 June 2001. Specialists participating in the workshop were: Kalina Manoylov from Michigan State University; Dr. Rex L. Lowe from Bowling Green State University; William R. Cody, environmental consultant based in Ohio; Dr. Loren L. Balhs, environmental consultant based in Helena, Montana; Todd A. Clason, environmental consultant based in Seattle, Washington. Dr. Marina Potapova, Dr. Eduardo A. Morales, Dr. Donald F. Charles, Diane M. Winter, Karin C. Ponader, and Frank W. Acker from the Patrick Center for Environmental Research’s Phycology Section at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, also participated in the workshop and helped to organize it.

The first, second, and third NAWQA taxonomy workshops had the overall objectives of harmonizing taxa names used in the ANSP and University of Louisville/University of Michigan laboratories, identifying reference images for each taxon, and agreeing on up-to-date nomenclature to use when analyzing NAWQA 1994 and 1997-start samples (See Clason and Charles, 1999; 2000; and Morales and Potapova, 2000). The fourth NAWQA Diatom Taxonomy Workshop focused on issues concerning the taxonomy of some problematic Navicula and Gomphonema species. Taxa that received most attention during that workshop occur commonly in NAWQA material and are often difficult to identify during routine light microscopy (Morales, 2001).

This fifth workshop concentrates on additional taxa of the genus Navicula. These problematic taxa were arranged in complexes, which comprise taxa morphologically similar to each other and very difficult to distinguish during routine analyses of NAWQA samples. The complexes were the following:

Complex 1 (Presented by L. Bahls) Navicula caterva N. phyllepta N. reichardtiana

Complex 2 (Presented by W. Cody) Navicula incerta N. odiosa N. salinicola

Complex 3 (Presented by K. Manoylov) Navicula kotschyi N. texana N. savannahiana

Complex 4 (Presented by M. Potapova/D. Winter) Navicula lateropunctata

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 1 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH N. aikenensis N. sanctaecrucis

Complex 5 (Presented by R. Lowe) Navicula schroeteri N. schroeteri var. symmetrica N. schroeteri var. escambia

Complex 6 (Presented by K. Ponader) Navicula germainii N. viridula N. viridula var. linearis N. viridula var. rostellata

An electronic version of the above list was sent to workshop participants. They were asked to choose a complex and prepare a presentation including the historical background of the taxa, different views in the literature as to their taxonomic position, affinities with closely related entities, features used for identification, and relevant ecological information that might be helpful in the characterization of the taxa. Each presentation was to last 15 minutes and be followed by brief discussions.

During the workshop, laboratory sessions were held following sets of presentations. They concentrated on examination of type slides from the ANSP Diatom Herbarium and/or permanent slides from NAWQA study units. During these sessions, intensive discussion and literature search led in many cases to the application of correct names to problematic taxa, or to the conclusion that more research was needed in order to be confident about the identity of certain species and their varieties. During observation of type slides and laboratory discussions, Dr. Charles W. Reimer’s participation was often crucial in reaching a decision regarding the application of a name. He also provided references and material for some of the taxa covered during the workshop.

K. Manoylov and D. Winter presented images and documentation of unknown taxa that they had encountered during analyses of NAWQA material. Also, K. Ponader presented an unknown taxon from the Piedmont physiographic region of New Jersey. Workshop participants discussed these images and documentation. Permanent slides in which the mentioned taxa had been found were analyzed in some instances.

The present report includes the outcomes of discussions arranged by taxonomic complex and supporting plates. Plates with unknown taxa are also presented. These plates should be used by NAWQA taxonomists as a reference for future identification of depicted taxa. Plates include images taken during and after the workshop and taken by participants as well as images scanned from bibliographical references. Morphological terminology used in this report follows Barber and Haworth (1981) and Cox (1996).

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH E. Morales prepared a document containing taxonomic rules to guide the way in which new and unknown taxa are reported in NAWQA counts and to facilitate the documentation process. He sent a draft of this document to workshop participants before the workshop. The document was discussed during the workshop and corrections and additions were made. A final version of this document is presented as Appendix 1. It should be used by all analysts during analyses of NAWQA material.

Workshop participants also reviewed the 1997-start diatom list and made corrections to misspellings and transcription errors that occurred during the preparation of the Third Workshop Report (Morales and Potapova, 2000). These corrections were based on careful reexamination of literature and on discussions on each one of the issues. The revised version of this list is presented as Appendix 2. This list should be strictly followed for analysis of 1997-start samples and any changes avoided at all costs. Additions of new taxa can be made only through E. Morales at ANSP.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 3 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH WORKSHOP OUTCOMES

Navicula caterva N. phyllepta N. reichardtiana ______

L. Bahls included N. cryptocephala var. veneta in his presentation of this complex arguing that it can produce morphs that resemble representatives of the other three taxa included in this complex. He made the additional argument that the name N. cryptocephala var. veneta may have been applied to different taxa in the past, but that now, in the light of recent publications by Lange-Bertalot and collaborators, new, alternative names are available in the literature.

Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1986) considered that the var. veneta of N. cryptocephala is a sufficiently distinct taxon, and thus, it should be recognized as a separate entity. The same authors then decided to re-adopt the basyonym Navicula veneta Kützing and reject the combination proposed by Rabenhorst (1864). Workshop participants agreed with Krammer and Lange-Bertalot’s decision and will use the name N. veneta. This latter name had been adopted during the fourth workshop report, but without formal analyses of NAWQA material (Morales, 2001).

Future identification of this taxon in NAWQA material should be based on Plate 32, Figs. 1-4 in Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1986). Briefly, N. veneta can be recognized by its characteristic concave outline at both polar ends, which give the poles a delicate rostrate configuration. Also, the central area exhibits a somewhat rectangular subfascia flanked by a sequence of short-long-short striae on both sides. Striae arrangement varies from slightly radiate at the central area to convergent at the poles. The raphe is filiform and only two delicate dark spots, corresponding to the central terminals, can be seen under light microscopy (LM) when the central area is brought into focus.

Examination of type material for N. caterva led to the conclusion that this is a distinct taxon. Its identification in NAWQA material should be based on Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1991, Plate 68, Figs. 20-25) and Plate 1, Figures 1-8 presented herein. The valve ends are subcapitate and more elongated in N. veneta. Striation is also much finer and different at the central area than that of N. veneta. The subfacia in the latter is very difficult to distinguish because the striae are the same length throughout the length of the valve and on both sides of the raphe. There is, however, at least one conspicuously short striae on one or both sides of the central area. The striae sequence short-long-short on one side of the central area is less frequent. The arrangement of the striae varies from slightly radiate at the central area to parallel or slightly convergent at the poles. The raphe is filiform. When the central area is brought into focus, the central terminals and part of the slit running along the apical axis of the valve can be seen. Navicula phyllepta, as presented by Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1986, Plate 32, Figs. 5-11), probably represents a mixture of different taxa. Representatives of this taxon in NAWQA material resemble those depicted in Figures 5, 6, and 11, which probably correspond to the most

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 4 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH typical morphs of this species. The ends of the valve vary from slightly rostrate to apiculate and produced. The subfascia in the central area is slightly rounded and flanked by more or less equally shortened striae on both sides. The striae vary from slightly radial at the center to parallel toward the ends. The raphe is filiform and only a portion of it at the central area, up to half way toward the ends, can be seen when the central area is in focus. The terminations of the raphe at the central nodule are not enlarged or are only slightly expanded; hence, the raphe appears as a dark line interrupted at the central nodule.

Navicula reichardtiana is very similar to N. caterva (Plate 1, Figs. 9-11). Its valves are, however, more heavily silicified with a more conspicuous raphe and wider striae. The ends of the valve are rostrate. The terminations of the raphe at the central area can be seen as two conspicuous round dots. When the central area is in focus the slit of the raphe can be seen up to half way toward the end of the valves. The subfascia is more or less linear at the central area and clearer than in N. caterva. The central area has a very short stria on one or both sides, a long stria flanked by two shorter ones on both sides, or a short stria on one side and a long one flanked by two shorter ones on the other. The striae arrangement varies from strongly radiate and slightly sigmoid at the central area to parallel and straight toward the ends.

N. reichardtiana may have been confused with N. cryptocephala var. veneta sensu Patrick and Reimer (1966). The diagram presented by these authors (Plate 48, Fig. 5) is congruent with N. reichardtiana. Analysis of the reference slide used by Patrick and Reimer (A- Cl. & Moll. No. 255) led workshop participants to believe that the drawing presented by these authors is not accurate, because the specimen in A-Cl. & Moll No. 255 actually corresponds to N. veneta sensu Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1986). Future identification of N. reichardtiana should be based on Plate 1, Figs. 9-11 and Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1991, Plate 68, Figs. 10-15). This taxon also appears in Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1986, Plate 33, Figs. 23-25) as N. species 2.

Navicula incerta N. odiosa N. salinicola ______

The name Navicula incerta appears twice in the literature: Ehrenberg (1837) and Van Heurck (1880-1885, determined by Grunow). N. incerta sensu Grunow is the taxon that appears in NAWQA slides (Plate 1, Figs. 16 and 17). Since this name was already occupied by the taxon erected by Ehrenberg, Lange-Bertalot (in Krammer and Lange-Bertalot, 1986) decided to rename the taxon in Van Heurck (1880-1885) as Navicula incertata.

Navicula incertata is a small taxon with elliptical valves. The striae are parallel throughout the length of the valve or slightly radial at the center and slightly convergent toward the valve ends in larger specimens. The subfascia in the central area is somewhat rectangular and very reduced. Only two striae on each side of the central area are slightly shorter. The

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 5 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH raphe is very delicate and only two dark dots—corresponding to the central terminals—can be observed when the central area is brought into focus.

Navicula odiosa is also a small taxon with elliptical valves. The ends of the valves are, however, more acute than in N. incertata. The central area is very reduced. The striae vary from radiate at the central area to parallel toward the ends. One or more shorter striae can be seen on both sides of the central. The raphe is filiform and only a portion of it (including two small dark dots at the central nodule) can be seen when the central area is in focus.

Navicula salinicola sensu Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1986, Plate 35, Fig. 9-10) probably represents a mixture of two taxa. Figure 9 presented by these authors corresponds to the type specimen presented by Hustedt (Hustedt Collection 267/22). On the other hand, Figure 10 is congruent with the concept of N. incertata (compare this figure with Figs. 21-24 in the same plate).

Simonsen (1987), in his publication on Hustedt’s diatom types, explains that the name N. salinicola does not appear in any of Hustedt’s records and that a type specimen had not been designated. Simonsen then designates a lectotype based on material that Hustedt had mentioned in his original protologue (Hustedt Collection slide N7/80) and that contained a fairly common population of organisms resembling Hustedt’s original drawings (Hustedt, 1939). When this lectotype of N. salinicola and the drawing in the original protologue by Hustedt are compared to the original diagram presented by Grunow (in Van Heurck,1880-1885, Plate 14, Fig. 43) for N. incerta, no differences can be seen. It appears, therefore, that these two taxa are synonyms. If this is the case, N. incerta has priority following the ICBN.

As explained above, N. incerta has been renamed by Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1986) as N. incertata (and they chose slide N7/80 in Hustedt’s collection as the neotype slide for this taxon) because the name N. incerta was already occupied by a taxon described by Ehrenberg.

NAWQA analysts should use the name N. incertata for specimens resembling those depicted in Plate 1 (Figs. 16 and 17) and in Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1986, Plate 35, Fig. 21-24). Use of the name N. salinicola should be avoided and all NAWQA counts in which the name N. salinicola has been used should be changed to N. incertata.

In his presentation of this taxon, W. Cody included the small naviculoids: N. aliena, N. carniolensis, N. cincta fo. minuta, and N. tenelloides, which can be identified using Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1986) and Lange-Bertalot et al. (1996b).

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 6 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Navicula kotschyi N. savannahiana N. texana ______

Navicula kotschyi has been reported from many NAWQA study units and it is relatively easy to recognize. Future identification of this taxon in NAWQA material should be based on pictures presented here (Plate 1, Figs. 18-37) and by Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1986, Plate 60, Figs. 10-15).

Although N. kotschyi seems to be related to taxa that have been recently transferred to the genus Luticola, it is different in a number of features. The raphe is filiform and straight in contrast to the raphe of Luticola, which is bent at the central nodule. Additionally, N. kotschyi lacks a stigma in the central area, which is present in all species of Luticola.

The valve ends and the arrangement of the striae in the central area seem to be very variable features in N. kotschyi. This has led to the description of morphological variants as different species. Workshop participants believe that N. savannahiana and N. texana are simply morphs that can easily be included in the range of variation exhibited by N. kotschyi. Support for this conclusion was found in the observation of the variability in the type specimens and populations for N. savannahiana (Plate 1, Figs. 28-32) and N. texana (Plate 1, Figs. 33-37). Moreover, whenever a large of population of N. kotschyi is found in NAWQA samples, morphs resembling N. savannahiana and N. texana intergrade with the more typical morphs of N. kotschyi.

An additional feature that seems not to be mentioned in the protologue of N. kotschyi is the presence of a pseudoseptum at both ends of the valve (Plate 1, Figs. 27, 30, and 32). This structure is more conspicuous when the valves lie on their sides (girdle view).

K. Manoylov, in her presentation of this complex, showed pictures of a taxon from the Iroquois River (Upper Illinois River Study Unit) that seems to be closely related to N. kotschyi, but presents larger valves, coarser striation, and mostly rostrate apical ends (Plate 2). Until the relationship of this latter taxon and N. kotschyi is clarified, it should be kept separate as N. aff. kotschyi (NADED # 93161).

Navicula aikenensis N. lateropunctata N. sanctaecrucis ______

In their presentation of this complex, D. Winter and M. Potapova included N. tugelae as a taxon sharing some features with the other species in this complex. The valves of N. tugelae are lanceolate with rostrate ends. The central area subfascia is somewhat circular and lacks a punctum (stigma). The striae vary from parallel to slightly radiate in the central area to radiate at

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 7 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH both ends of the valve. The raphe is filiform and can be seen in its entirety when the central area is in focus (Plate 3, Figs. 8 and 9).

Specimens in NAWQA material identified as N. tugelae differ from the African type material presented by Cholnoky (Cholnoky, 1956, Plate 4, Fig. 99, pg. 82) (Plate 3, Fig. 10). The latter is broader at the central portion of the valve, which gives the impression that the valve ends are more acute. Although this may be simply an error of interpretation of the true shape of the taxon in Cholnoky’s drawing (the American specimens can actually get 1 micrometer wider than the range given by Cholnoky), the striae in the African type are definitely denser.

Another taxon that resembles N. tugelae (both the African and American versions) is N. kriegeri. In the latter, however, the valves are elliptical in shape with broad ends, but this seems to be the only observable difference. Although the striae appear to be sparser in Krasske’s original drawing (Lange-Bertalot et al., 1996a, pg. 124) and in photographed specimens from the type material (Lange-Bertalot et al., 1996b, Plate 14, Figs. 21-23, pg. 232), they match exactly the range found in NAWQA specimens.

More detailed studies are necessary in order to clarify the true identity of the three taxa mentioned above. For the time being, specimens found in NAWQA samples will be identified as N. aff. kriegeri NAWQA MP Krasske (NADED # 93167) (Plate 3, Figs. 8 and 9).

N. aikenesis has a lanceolate shape, but is not as broad as N. tugelae (Plate 3, Figs. 1-7). The valve ends are also rostrate, but somewhat more elongated than in N. tugelae. The subfascia is rectangular and it is flanked by two shorter isolated striae on both sides. An isolated punctum is present in the central area, at the end of one of the shortened striae. The striae are radial throughout the entire valve, becoming curved at the polar ends. The raphe is filiform and most of it can be seen when the central area is brought in focus, disappearing only toward the ends. In a recent publication (Rumrich et al. 2000, Plate 66, Figs. 1-15, pg. 373), Lange-Bertalot described Geissleria schmidiae as a new taxon from Ecuador. This taxon is probably conspecific with N. aikenesis and should be studied further.

N. lateropunctata is broadly lanceolate and its ends are narrowly rostrate (Plate 3, Figs. 11-24). The central subfascia varies from circular to rhombic and presents one or more shortened striae on both ends. One to five punctae can be present in the central area. The striae are radiate throughout the valve, becoming slightly radiate at the polar ends. The raphe is filiform and at least three quarters of it can be seen when the central area is brought into focus under LM.

N. sanctaecrucis has a broadly lanceolate shape with ends varying from narrowly rostrate and elongated to subcapitate (Plate 3, Figs. 25-30). The shape of the subfascia varies greatly following variations in the pattern of striation. This striation can vary from a situation in which all striae in the central area are equally shortened to the case in which only one or two striae are very short. The isolated punctum is lacking in the central area. The striae vary from parallel to slightly radiate in the central area to parallel at both ends. A pseudoseptum can be seen at both

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 8 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH ends of the valves. The raphe is filiform and can be seen in its entirety when the central area is in focus.

All the species in this complex with the exception of N. sanctaecrucis should be transferred to the genus Geissleria. N. sanctaecrucis seems to be related to the genus Parlibellus, but further studies are needed to demonstrate this relationship.

N. schroeteri N. schroeteri var. escambia N. symmetrica ______

N. schroeteri was originally described by Meister based on Asian material (Meister, 1932) (Plate 4, Fig. 1). It has heavily silicified valves, which are lanceolate in shape and with acute ends. The striae are also robust and composed of rectangular and/or square pores that can be clearly distinguished under the light microscope. The striae are radiate throughout the length of the valve. The raphe is filiform with its central terminals bent unilaterally. Specimens depicted in Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1986, 1991) as N. schroeteri do not correspond to the type presented by Meister. Krammer and Lange-Bertalot’s examples are less silicified and clearly elliptical in shape. Analyses of several slides from the ANSP Diatom Herbarium made by workshop participants revealed that specimens and populations identified as N. schroeteri are congruent with Krammer and Lange-Bertalot’s photographs, and thus, they do not correspond with the type specimen presented by Meister either.

N. schroeteri var. escambia was described by Patrick based on material from the Escambia River, Florida, USA (Plate 4, Figs. 2 and 4-6). This taxon has elliptical valves, radiate striae and a rectangular subfascia. The latter is displaced in the direction of the raphe terminals; hence, the striae on one side of the subfascia are shorter than the ones on the opposite side. The striae are composed of rectangular and/ or square pores, which are not as large as the ones in the nominate variety. The raphe is filiform with its central terminals bent unilaterally.

The name N. schroeteri var. escambia should be applied to the photographs presented by Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1986, Plate 38, Figs. 1-3; 1991, Plate 73, Figs.1-3) and to many specimens and populations in the ANSP Diatom Herbarium that have been identified as N. schroeteri. NAWQA slides do not contain N. schroeteri. This evidence and the fact that this taxon has not been reported in the literature produced from North American samples, probably suggests that this taxon is not found in North America.

N. symmetrica is weakly silicified and also much narrower than the nominate and escambia varieties of N. schroeteri (Plate 4, Figs. 3 and 17-24). The valves are narrowly elliptical. The subfascia in the central area is less conspicuous that in the other two species in this complex and tends to be circular and positioned in the center of the valve. The striae surrounding the central area are more or less equally shortened on both sides. The striae vary from strongly radiate at the central portion of the valve to slightly radiate at the ends. The raphe

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 9 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH is filiform and less visible than in the other two taxa mentioned above. The central raphe terminals are bent unilaterally.

More profound studies are needed in order to determine whether N. symmetrica is simply a variety of N. schroeteri or a truly distinct species. Although N. symmetrica is easily distinguishable, its overall morphology is very similar to the nominate and escambia varieties of N. schroeteri. For now, the name N. symmetrica will continue to be used in NAWQA analyses.

Navicula germainii N. viridula N. viridula var. linearis N. viridula var. rostellata ______

N. viridula is the most robust of the four taxa included in this complex. Valves are lanceolate with rostrate ends (Krammer and Lange-Bertalot, 1986, Plate 37, Figs. 1 and 2). The central area presents an acute-angled subfascia with four or more shortened striae on each side. The striae are conspicuously lineolate and vary from strongly radiate at the central area to parallel and convergent at the ends. In some cases, the striae located half way between the central nodule and the ends of the valve can be slightly sigmoid. The raphe is filiform, with the central terminals bent unilaterally, and lies on a conspicuous channel which runs along the apical axis of the valve.

N. viridula var. linearis is also heavily silicified (Krammer and Lange-Bertalot, 1986, Plate 37, Figs. 3 and 4). The shape of the valve tends to vary from linear (typical) to slightly lanceolate. The ends of the valves are more conspicuously rostrate than in the nominate variety. In some cases the ends can be subcapitate. The subfascia is somewhat circular and slightly displaced in the direction of the raphe terminals. Five or more shortened striae flank the central area, and are shorter on one side of the subfascia than on the other. The conspicuous lineolate striae are radiate at the central area, slightly sigmoid in the median portion of the valve, and convergent at the ends. The raphe is filiform and runs along a ridge. Its central terminals are bent unilaterally, but to a lesser degree than in the nominate variety.

The two taxa above are probably the easiest to recognize in NAWQA samples and seem not to have been a problem for NAWQA analysts.

In her presentation of this complex, K. Ponader showed photographs f a series of specimens from New Jersey, USA representing an intergradation of forms between N. viridula var. rostellata and N. germainii. This intergradation has also been observed by other analysts in NAWQA and ANSP Savannah River material. Workshop participants had access to the type material of N. germainii only. Analysis of this slide also revealed the existence of a series of intermediate morphs between N. germainii and N. viridula var. rostellata.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 10 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Hoping to clarify this issue, workshop participants analyzed the reference slide used by Patrick and Reimer (1966) for the illustration of this taxon in their Diatoms of the United States volume (A-V.H. No. 87, on which the taxon was identified as N. rostellata Kützing by Grunow [in Van Heurck, 1880-1885]). This slide has a large number of N. viridula var. rostellata and neither intermediate forms nor N. germainii could be found on the slide. In a recent publication (Rumrich et al., 2000) Lange-Bertalot and Rumrich created the name N. amphiceropsis to include forms such as the ones found in A-V.H. No. 87 (See Plate 5, Figs. 4-6 for similar specimens found in NAWQA material). The same authors commented that Grunow’s concept of this taxon—hence, Patrick and Reimer’s concept of N. viridula var. rostellata—are based on a taxon for which the type material has been lost. Lange-Bertalot and Rumrich then erected a neotype for this section of N. viridula var. rostellata calling it N. amphiceropsis, and make the remark that if the original Kützing type material is to be found, it is very probable that N. amphiceropsis will be prove to be a mere synonym of N. viridula var. rostellata.

In the light of this nomenclatural and taxonomic confusion, NAWQA analysts will not use the name N. amphiceropsis. Also, since more information is needed to clarify whether N. germainii and N. viridula var. rostellata are separate entities, NAWQA analysts will continue to separate both taxa. Plates are presented herein, which analysts can use for future identification of these taxa (Plate 5).

N. viridula var. rostellata has a lanceolate shape with subcapitate ends (Plate 5, Figs. 1- 17). The subfascia varies from somewhat circular to acute-angled. The striae are radiate at the central area, slightly sigmoid in the median portion, and slightly convergent at the valve ends. The raphe is filiform, runs along a apical ridge, and it is bent unilaterally at the central area. N. germainii has a lanceolate shape with subrostrate ends (Plate 5, Figs. 18-36). The subfascia is very similar to that in N. viridula var. rostellata, but has shorter striae on both sides. The striae vary from radiate at the central area to slightly sigmoid in the median portion of the valve and convergent at the ends. The raphe is filiform and in general more delicate that in N. viridula var. rostellata. It also sits on a ridge and only the unilaterally bent central terminals can be clearly seen when the central area is in focus.

Probably one of the most reliable features that can be used to separate N. viridula var. rostellata and N. germanii is the density of the striae. N. viridula var. rostellata has 10-11 striae/10 µm, whereas N. germainii has 13-14 striae/10 µm.

Unknown Taxa

K. Manoylov presented the following unknown taxa found in NAWQA material. Appropriate changes are required in ANSP databases: Navicula sp. 1 (NADED # 46444) (Oahu study unit, Plate 6, Figs. 3 and 4). This taxon should be identified as N. ruttneri var. capitata.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 11 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Navicula sp. 1 (NADED # 93162) (Lower Tennesse River study unit, Plate 6, Fig. 6). No published name could be found for this organism. This taxon should be identified as Navicula sp. 25 NAWQA KM in future NAWQA counts.

Navicula sp. 1 (NADED # 93163) (Plate 6, Fig. 5). Workshop participants could not find a published name for this organism. This taxon should be identified as Navicula sp. 26 NAWQA KM in the future.

Navicula sp. 1 (NADED # 93164) (Acadian-Pontchartrain study unit, Plate 6, Fig. 11). This organism should probably be identified as N. cariocincta (Lange-Bertalot, 1993). This name, however, was introduced by Lange-Bertalot as a manuscript name and no formal protologue of N. cariocincta has yet been published. Meanwhile, this taxon should be referred to as Navicula sp. 27 NAWQA KM.

Navicula sp. 2 (NADED # 93165) (Acadian-Pontchartrain study unit, Plate 6, Figs. 1 and 2). This taxon seems to be closely related to Navicula kriegerii. The nature and arrangement of the striae are similar in both taxa, but the raphe is more conspicuous in N. sp. 2. N. Roberts counted organisms such as the ones depicted in Plate 6, Figs. 1 and 2 as Navicula tugelae. The name Navicula cf. krigerii should be used for this taxon in future NAWQA counts.

Navicula sp. OB UL NAWQA KM (NADED # 46687) (Plate 6, Figs. 7-10) previously treated during the Fourth Workshop (see Morales, 2001 pg. 12, Plate 12, pg. 28). This taxon should be identified as N. canalis (NADED # 46317).

Gomphonema sp. 1UL NAWQA WHIT KM (NADED # 37146) (Plate 6, Figs. 12-14). This taxon should now be identified as Gomphonema kobayasii (NADED # 37197). Other unknown taxa introduced in the ANSP diatom taxa table and ANSP Algae image database should also be identified as G. kobayasii. These taxa are the following: Gomphonema cf. clevei CODY Fricke (NADED # 37129), Gomphonema sp. OG UL NAWQA 96 KM (NADED # 37141).

During the Fourth Workshop, K. Manoylov presented several pictures of an unidentified taxon from the Arcadian-Pontchartrain NAWQA Study Unit. It was then decided that this taxon should be identified as Gomphonema patrickii (Morales, 2001, pg. 11, Plate 11, Figs. 8-12). We maintain this decision and include pictures of this taxon in this report as well (Plate 6, Figs. 15- 17).

Gomphonema sp. 2 (NADED # 37273) (Upper Illinois River study unit, Plate 6, Figs. 19- 21). No equivalent has been found in the literature for this taxon. This taxon should be identified as Gomphonema sp. 8 NAWQA KM in the future. Gomphonitzschia sp. 1 (NADED # 83005) (Acadian-Pontchartrain study unit, Plate 6, Fig. 24). The valve depicted here in the mentioned figure shares features with other Gomphonizschia species, especially the marked heteropolarity of the valve. This taxon should be identified as Gomphonitzschia sp. 1 NAWQA KM in future NAWQA counts.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 12 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH K. Manoylov also presented an unknown naviculoid diatom found in the Arcadian- Pontchartrain NAWQA Study Unit (Plate 6, Fig. 18). This organism should be identified as Haslea spicula.

Cymbella sp. 1 (NADED # 23186) (Acadian-Pontchartrain study unit, Plate 6, Fig. 22). No published equivalent could be found for this organism and it should be identified as Cymbella sp. 5 NAWQA KM in future counts.

Cymbella sp. 2 (NADED # 23187) (Acadian-Pontchartrain study unit, Plate 6, Fig. 23). No published equivalent could be found for this organism. This taxon should be referred to as Cymbella sp. 6 NAWQA KM.

D. Winter presented a plate with unknown taxa and identifications for which she needed clarification and/or confirmation (Plate 8, Figs. 1-28). Plate 8, Figures 1-4 correspond to Navicula subminuscula, a taxon discussed during the Fourth Workshop (see Morales, 2001, pg. 9, Plate 8, Figs. 1-11). Plate 8, Figures 5-14 were presented during the fifth workshop as Navicula sp. 1 (Great Salt Lake Study Unit). This taxon should be identified as N. menisculus var. obtusa (Simonsen, 1987, Plate 329, Figs. 25 and 26). During the Fourth Workshop participants had determined that the occurrence of N. meniculus var. obtusa in NAWQA had to be reviewed since only a few records of this taxon where present until then. This records are now confirmed for D. Winter found a large population in the Great Salt Lake Study Unit.

Plate 8, Figures 15-17 correspond to Navicula menisculus var. grunowii, a taxon discussed during the Fourth Workshop (Morales, 2001, pg. 8, Plate 6, Figs. 9-15).

Plate 8, Figures 18 and 19 correspond to Navicula reichardtiana, a taxon discussed in detail previously in the present report. Plate 8, Figures 20 and 21 should be identified as Navicula cryptotenella. Plate 8, Figures 22 and 24 correspond to Navicula gregaria. Plate 8, Figure 24 corresponds to Navicula veneta. The three latter taxa were discussed during the Fourth Workshop (Morales, 2001).

D. Winter also presented pictures of Encyonema hebridicum from the ANSP White River Project (Plate 8, Figs. 25-28).

K. Ponader presented a picture from New Jersey Piedmont streams (Plate 8, Fig. 21). This specimen was first identified as Gomphonema sp. 1 NEW JERSEY KCP, but it should be identified as Gomphonema christenseni (Lowe and Kociolek, 1984, Figs. 18-20, pg. 475).

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 13 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH REFERENCES

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Barber, H.G. and E.Y. Haworth. 1981. A Guide to the Morphology of the Diatom Frustule. Freshwater Biological Association. Scientific Publication No. 44. Titus Wilson & Son Ltd. England. 112 pp.

Bukhtiyarova, L. and F.E. Round. 1996. Revision of the genus Achnanthes sensu lato. Psammothidium, a new genus based on A. marginulatum. Diatom Research, 11: 1-30.

Cholnoky, B.J. 1956. Neue und seltene Diatomeen aus Afrika II. Diatomeen aus dem Tugela- Gebiete in Natal. Osterr. Bot. Z. 103: 53-97.

Clason, T.A. and D.F. Charles. 1999. First NAWQA Diatom Taxonomy Harmonization Workshop. Patrick Center for Environmental Research. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Report No. 99-14.

______. 2000. Second NAWQA Diatom Taxonomy Harmonization Workshop. Patrick Center for Environmental Research. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Report No. 00-7.

Compère, P. 1982. Taxonomic revision of the diatom genus Pleurosira (Eupodiscaceae). Bacillaria 5: 165-190.

Cox, E.J. 1987. Placoneis Mereschkowsky: the re-evaluation of a diatom genus originally characterized by its chloroplast type. Diatom Research 2: 145-157.

______. 1996. Identification of Freshwater Diatoms from Live Material. Chapman & Hall. England. 158 pp.

Dawson, P.A. 1974. Observations on diatom species transferred from Gomphonema CV. A. Agardh to Gomphoneis. Br. Phycol J. 9: 75-82.

Ehrenberg, C.G. 1837. Über ein fossilen Infusorien bestehendes, 1832 zu Brod verbackenes Bergmehl von der Grenzen Lapplands in Schweden. Ber. Bekanntm. Verh. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1836: 43-45.

Flower, R.J., V.J. Jones and F.E. Round. 1996. The distribution and classification of the problematic Fragilaria (virescens v.) exigua Grun./Fragilaria exiguiformis (Grun.) Lange-Bertalot: a new species or a new genus? Diatom Research 11: 41-57.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 14 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Hamilton, P.B., M. Poulin, D.F. Charles and M. Angeli. 1992. Americanarum Diatomarum Exsiccata: Cana, voucher slides from eight acidic lakes in northeastern North America. Diatom Research 7: 25-36.

Hartley, B. 1986. A check-list of the freshwater, brackish and marine diatoms of the British Isles and adjoining coastal waters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, U.K. 66(3): 531-610.

Hustedt, F. 1939. Die Diatomeenflora des Küstengebietes der Nordsee vom Dollart bis zur Elbemündung. I. Die Diatomeenflora in den sedimenten der unteren Em sowie auf den Watten in der Leybucht, des Memmert und bei der Insel Juist. Abh. Naturw. Ver. Bremen 31: 572-677.

Kingston, J.C. 2000. New combinations in the freshwater Fragilariaceae and Achnanthidiaceae. Diatom Research 15: 409-411.

Kociolek, J.P. and J.C. Kingston. 1999. Taxonomy, ultrastructure, and distribution of some gomphonemoid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae: Gomphonemataceae) from rivers in the United States. Canadian Journal of Botany 77: 686-705.

Krammer, K. 1980. Morphologic and taxonomic investigations of some freshwater species of the diatom genus Amphora Ehr. Bacillaria 3: 197-225.

______. 1997. Die cymbelloiden Diatomeen- Eine Monographie der weltweit bekannten Taxa. Teil.1. Allgemeines und Encyonema Part. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 36: 1-382.

Krammer, K. and H. Lange-Bertalot. 1986. Bacillariophyceae. 1. Teil: Naviculaceae. In: Ettl, H., Gerloff, J., Heynig, H. & Mollenhauer, D. (Eds.). Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. 2(1): 1-876. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Germany.

______. 1988. Bacillariophyceae. 2. Teil: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. In: Ettl, H., Gerloff, J., Heynig, H. & Mollenhauer, D. (Eds.). Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. 2(2): 1-596. Gustav Fischer Verlag. Germany.

______. 1991. Bacillariophyceae. 4. Teil: Achnanthaceae. Kritische Ergänzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema. In: H. Ettl, J. Gerloff, G. Gärtner, H. Heynig and D. Mollenhauer, eds. Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. 2(4): 1-437. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Germany.

Lange-Bertalot, H. 1993. 85 Neue Taxa und über 100 weitere neu definierte Taxa ergänzend zur Sü$wasserflora von Mitteleuropa Vol. 2/1-4. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 27:1-454.

Lange-Bertalot, H. and S.I. Genkal. 1998. Diatoms from Siberia I. Islands in the Arctic Ocean (Yugorsky-Shar Strait). Iconographia Diatomologica 6: 1-292.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 15 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Lange-Bertalot, H. and D. Metzeltin. 1996. Oligotrophie-Indikatoren. 800 Taxa repräsentativ für drei diverse Seen-Typen Kalkreich-Oligodystroph-Schwach gepuffertes Weichwasser. Iconographia Diatomologica 2: 1-390.

Lange-Bertalot, H. and G. Moser. 1994. Brachysira. Monographie der Gattung. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 29: 1-212.

Lange-Bertalot, H., D. Metzeltin and A. Witkowski. 1996a. Hippodonta gen. nov. Umshreibung und Bergründung einer neuen Gattung der Naviculaceae. Iconographia Diatomologica 4: 247-275.

Lange-Bertalot, H., K. Külbs, T. Lauser, M. Nörpel-Schempp.and M. Willmann. 1996b. Dokumentation und revision der von Georg Krasske beschriebenen Diatomeen-Taxa. Iconographia Diatomologica 3: 1-358.

Lowe, R.L. and J.P. Kociolek. 1984. New and rare diatoms from Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Nova Hedwigia 39: 465-476.

Mann, D.G. 1989. The diatom genus Sellaphora: separation from Navicula . Br. Phycol. J. 24: 1- 20.

Meister, F. 1932. Kisselalgen aus Asien. Berlin. 56 pp.

Merino, V., J. García, M. Hernández-Mariné and M. Fernández. 1994. Morphology and ultrastructure of Gomphoneis rhombica (Fricke) comb. nov. Diatom Research 9: 335- 347.

Metzeltin, D. and A. Witkowski. 1996. Diatomeen der Bären-Insel. Iconographia Diatomologica 4: 1-232.

Morales, E.A. 2001. Fourth NAWQA Diatom Taxonomy Harmonization Workshop. Patrick Center for Environmental Research. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Report No. 00-21F.

Morales, E.A. and M. Potapova. 2000. Third NAWQA Diatom Taxonomy Harmonization Workshop. Patrick Center for Environmental Research. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Report No. 00-8.

Patrick, R. and C.W. Reimer. 1966. The Diatoms of the United States. Exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii. Vol. 1. Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 13. 688 pp.

Rabenhorst, L. 1853. Die Süßwasser-Diatomaceen (Bacillarien) für Freunde der Mikroskopie. Leipzig. 72 pp.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 16 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH ______. 1864. Flora europaea algarum aquae dulcis et submarinae. Vol. 1, Sectio 1: Algas diatomeas complectens. Leipzig, Germany. 359 pp.

Reichardt, E. 1999. Taxonomische Revision des Artenkomplexes um Gomphonema pumilum (Bacillariophyceae). 1997. Nova Hedwigia 65: 99-129.

Round, F.E. and P.W. Basson. 1997. A new monoraphid diatom genus (Pogoneis) from Bahrain and the transfer of previously described species A. hungarica & A. taeniata to new genera. Diatom Research 12: 347-355.

Round, F.E. and L. Bukhtiyarova. 1996. Four new genera based on Achnanthes (Achnanthidium ) together with a re-definition of Achnanthidium. Diatom Research 11: 345-361.

Round, F.E. and D.G. Mann. 1981. The diatom genus Brachysira. I. Typification and separation from Anomoeoneis. Archiv Protistenkunde 124: 221-231.

Round, F.E., R.M. Crawford and D.G. Mann. 1990. The Diatoms: Biology and Morphology of the Genera. Cambridge University Press. 747 pp.

Rumrich, U., H. Lange-Bertalot and M. Rumrich. 2000. Diatomeen der Anden. Von Venezuela bis Patagonien/Feuerland Und Zwei weitere Beiträge. Iconographia Diatomologica 9: 1- 673.

Simonsen, R. 1987. Atlas and Catalogue of the Diatom Types of Friedrich Hustedt. Vol. I: Catalogue, 1-525. Vol. II: Atlas, Plates 1-395. Vol III: Atlas, Plates 396-772. J. Cramer Berlin/Stuttgart, Germany.

Snoeijs, P.J.M. 1992. Studies in the Tabularia fasciculata complex. Diatom Research 7: 313- 344.

Van Heurck, H. (1880-1885). Synopsis des Diatomées de Belgique. Atlas, Tafel 1-30 (1880); Tafel 31-77 (1882); Tafel 104-132 (1883); Tafel A, B, C (1885). Anvers, Belgium.

Williams, D.M. 1985. Morphology, taxonomy and inter-relationships of the ribbed araphid diatoms from the genera Diatoma and Meridion (Diatomaceae: Bacillariophyta). Bibliotheca Diatomologica 8: 1-228.

______. 1990. Fragilaria floridiana Hanna: ultrastracture of the valve and girdle and its transference to Fragilariforma Williams & Round. In: Ricard, M. (Ed.). Ouvrage dédié à la Mémorie du Professeur Henry Germain (1903-1989). p. 259-265. Koeltz, Germany.

Williams, D.M. and F.E. Round. 1986. Revision of the genus Synedra Ehrenb. Diatom Research 1: 313-339.

______. 1987. Revision of the genus Fragilaria. Diatom Research 2: 267-288.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 17 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Plate 1. Figures 1-8. Navicula caterva (Type population A-G.C. 44466). Figures 9-11. Navicula reichardtiana (Sacramento River, Sacramento Basin Study Unit). Figures 12- 15. Navicula odiosa. Figure 12 corresponds to the Type specimen (A-G.C. 6853a). Figures 13-15 correspond to specimens from the type population. Figures 16 and 17. Navicula incertata (Caloosahatchee River, Southern Florida Study Unit). Figures 18-27. Navicula kotschyi (Black Warrior River, Mobile River Basin Study Unit). Figures 28- 32. Navicula savannahiana. Figures 29 and 30 depict the type specimen at different focusing points. The rest of the figures depict specimens from the type population (A- G.C. 4737a). N. savannahiana should be identified as N. kotschyi in NAWQA material (see text for explanation). Figures 33-37. Navicula texana. Figure 34 corresponds to the type specimen, all the rest depict specimens in the type population (A-G.C. 6587a). N. texana should be identified as N. kotschyi in NAWQA material (see text for explanation). Photographs: E. Morales.

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Plate 2. Figures 1-12. Navicula cf. kotschyi MORALES Grunow (Iroquois River, Upper Illinois Study Unit). This taxon was presented as N. kotschyi during the Fifth Workshop, but it should be kept separate from N. kotschyi and assigned the NADED number: 93161 in subsequent counts. Photographs: K. Manoylov.

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Plate 3. Figures 1-7. Navicula aikenensis. Figure 2 corresponds to the type specimen, all the rest depict specimens from the type population (A-G.C. 4737a). Figures 8 and 9. Navicula aff. tugelae NAWQA MP Cholnoky (Figure 8: Bear Creek; Figure 9: Great Swamp, Albermale-Pamilco Study Unit). Figure 10. N. tugelae. Original drawing presented by Cholnoky (1959). Figures 11-18. Navicula lateropunctata (Type population A-G.C. 64072a). Figures 19-24. N. lateropunctata (Figure 19: Devils Cradle Creek, Albermale-Pamilco Study Unit; Figures 20, 23 and 24: Truck E River, Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin; Figure 21: Mocassin Creek, Albermale- Pamilco Study Unit; Figure 22: Contentnea Creek, Albermale-Pamilco Study Unit). Figures 25-30. N. sanctaecrucis (Type population A-G.C. 8116). Photographs M. Potapova and D. Winter.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 20 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH

Plate 4. Figure 1. Navicula schroeteri. Original diagram presented by Meister (1932). Scanned by T. Clason. Figure 2. Navicula schroeteri var. escambia (Type specimen A- G.C. 43734). Figure 3. Navicula symmetrica (Type specimen A-G.C 25740). Figures 4-16. N. schroeteri var. escambia (Type population). Figures 17-24. N. symmetrica (Cub River, Great Salt Lake Basin Study Unit). Photographs: E. Morales.

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Plate 5. Figures 1-6. Navicula viridula var. rostellata (Tombigbee River, Mobile River Basin Study Unit). Figures 4-6 depict organisms placed in Navicula amphiceropsis by Lange- Bertalot and Rumrich (Rumrich et al., 2000), but that should be kept in N. viridula var. rostellata in NAWQA studies. Figures 7-17. N. viridula var. rostellata (New Jersey, Raritan River, North Branch). Figures 18-26. Navicula germainii (Tombigbee River, Mobile River Basin Study Unit). Figures 27-36. N. germainii (New Jersey, Figures 27- 34: Raritan River, North Branch; Figures 35 and 36: Dead River). Photographs: 1-6 and 18-26 E. Morales; 7-17 and 27-36 K. Ponader.

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Plate 6. Figures 1 and 2. Navicula cf. kriegerii KM Krasske (Tchefuncte River, Acadian- Pontchartrain Study Unit). This taxon has been called N. tugelae in past NAWQA counts. Figures 3 and 4. Navicula ruttneri var. capitata (Waihee Stream, Oahu Study Unit). Figure 5. Navicula sp. 26 NAWQA KM (NAWQA GSN22812?). Figure 6. Navicula sp. 25 NAWQA KM (Tennesse River, Lower Tennesse River Study Unit). Figures 7-10. Navicula canalis presented during the Third and Fourth Workshops as Navicula sp. OB UL NAWQA 96 KM. Figure 11. Navicula sp. 27 NAWQA KM (Bayou Liberty Acadian-Pontchartrain Study Unit). This taxon should be identified as N. cariocincta once this name is validly published. Figures 12-14. Gomphonema kobayasii. This taxon has also been identified as Gomphonema sp. 1 UL NAWQA WHIT KM, Gomphonema sp. OG UL NAWQA 96 KM and Gomphonema cf. clevei CODY Fricke in past NAWQA counts. Figures 15-17. Gomphonema patrickii (Archadian-Pontchartrain Study Unit). Figure 18. Haslea spicula (Archadian- Pontchartrain Study Unit). Figures 19-21. Gomphonema sp. 8 NAWQA KM (Iroquois River, Upper Illionis River Study Unit). Figure 22. Cymbella sp. 5 NAWQA KM (Pass Manchac, Acadian-Pontchartrain Study Unit). Figure 23. Cymbella sp. 6 NAWQA KM (Pass Manchac, Acadian-Pontchartrain Study Unit). Figure 24. Gomphonitzshia sp. 1 NAWQA KM (Bayou Liberty, Acadian-Pontchartrain Study Unit). All pictures taken by K. Manoylov.

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Plate 7. Figures 1-4. Navicula subminuscula (Cub River, Great Salt Lake Basin Study Unit. Figures 5-14. Navicula menisculus var. obtusa (Emigration Creek, Great Salt Lake Basin Study Unit). Figures15-17. Navicula menisculus var. grunowii (Emigration Creek, Great Salt Lake Basin Study Unit). Figures 18 and 19. Navicula reichardtiana (Emigration Creek, Great Salt Lake Basin Study Unit). Figure 20 and 21. Navicula cryptotenella (Emigration Creek, Great Salt Lake Basin Study Unit). Figures 22 and 23. Navicula gregaria (Emigration Creek, Great Salt Lake Basin Study Unit). Figures 25- 28. Encyonema hebridicum (White River, ANSP White River Project). Figure 29. Gomphonema christenseni (Raritan River, South Branch, ANSP New Jersey Project). Photographs: Figures 1-28 by D. Winter; Figure 29 by K. Ponader.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 24 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH

Appendix 1. Taxonomy guiding rules for diatom studies in NAWQA samples. These rules have the objective of standardizing taxonomy practices among NAWQA analysts. Although these rules are subject to revision and change, they should be strictly followed.

Preparation of NAWQA lists and counts for statistical analyses and reports has proved to be an extremely difficult task. This is because of errors and/or a lack of uniformity in reporting taxonomical names in ANSP databases. Having looked at and solved many of these problems, a set of rules, the primary goal of which is to minimize errors and standardize protocols for reporting taxonomical names, is presented in the following paragraphs. These rules are not intended as a means to “freeze” NAWQA taxonomy, but rather to allow for the change of this taxonomy to be a more ordered process.

Concerning the addition of new species and/or unknowns to our database

The taxa list produced during the Third NAWQA Taxonomy Workshop (1997-start) must be strictly followed. If analysts find a taxon for which a name is not contained in this list, they must contact E. Morales so he can make the appropriate additions to the list. If this is not possible, temporary NADED names can be used in Tabulator and sent to ANSP where they will be added to Diatom Taxa Table in the NADEDAPP database. Circled specimens adequately documented (i.e., details of the position of a given specimen in the circle and in the field of view of the microscope must be properly and clearly diagrammed) and digital images must be sent to ANSP together with a list of the species that have been assigned temporary numbers. When a new taxon is encountered and directly added to the Diatom Taxa Table at ANSP, a circled specimen and an image must be provided. If the addition arrives from outside ANSP, the above information has to be evaluated by ANSP staff before counts or other data are added to the database. If digital imaging is not available to a given analyst, a circled specimen together with proper and clear documentation (bench sheets, electronic files, and a photograph) must be submitted to ANSP.

When documenting circles on bench sheets, details of the location of the specimen in the circle and in the field of view from which the determination was made have to be presented. Presentation of accurate coordinates is of utmost importance here, as well. When a new taxon is being added to the database using the Diatom Taxa Input table in the NADEDAPP database, information must be correctly entered in each of the fields provided in the following manner:

- “Genus.” Here the name of the genus should be chosen from the available list. - The field labeled “Second Taxon Name” corresponds to the place where the abbreviations sp., aff. and cf. should be entered. - “Species name.” Here either the epithet of a known taxon or a number (in the case of unknown taxa) should be entered. - The “Third Taxon Name” field is used for the abbreviations var., aff. var., and cf. var. - The field labeled “Variety” corresponds to the varietal name of the taxon being entered or the corresponding number in case of an unknown taxon.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 25 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH - “Fourth Taxon Name” corresponds to the abbreviation “fo.” - The field labeled “Form” should be used for the form to which the taxon has been assigned in the literature. - “Authority” is the field where the name of the authority (ies) (fully spelled) describing the taxon should be entered. In the case of unknown taxa this is the place where the names of the institution, project, and analyst initials should be allocated. - “Reference Code” corresponds to the reference used to identify the specimen. - It is essential that the fields “Person Finding the Taxon”, “Finder’s Address”, and “Data Entry Person” are filled accordingly.

Reason: Many problems with taxa identification have been reported during statistical analyses of data. If we want to minimize these problems, then we must follow a strict protocol, but what is most important, proper documentation must be recorded so subsequent changes are easier. Many of the new taxa that we currently have in our database are not documented and there is no way of knowing if these were in fact true new taxa. A lot of time and money were spent on the collection of information that can not be used. This should be avoided now. Additionally, many change systems have been already set up taking into account the changes made to the taxa list during the Third NAWQA Taxonomy Workshop. If additional changes are introduced without the knowledge of ANSP staff, such change systems will not accomplish their task properly.

It is also absolutely essential that all the information for a particular taxon is properly inserted in the database. This facilitates, for example, the construction of queries with different purposes and aids in maintaining a proper database.

Concerning the use of “sp.”, “cf.” and “aff.”

The use of these categories depends on the degree of relationship of the observed taxon to one already described in the literature. The strength of the relationship goes from “aff.” (stronger) to “sp.” (no relationship with anything known, except maybe the genus). We use “aff.” when most of the features of the organism being identified are in general in accordance with something already described, but it is (for example) too wide, too long, or the striae count does not quite fit in the interval given in the literature. We use “cf.” when some of the features agree with a reported taxon, but there is a striking difference in at least one feature such as the structure of the raphe, aspect of the endings of the valve, central area, and/or pattern of striation. Charlie Reimer of the ANSP defines these categories as follows:

“aff.”, similar to, looks like (stronger than the next category).

“cf.”, comparative to. Provisional, pending further examination or analysis, temporary until shown otherwise.

“sp.”, I really do not know what it is! We must minimize the use of the above categories. There are already too many per study unit and it makes everyone suspicious that so many new taxa can be found in samples for a

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 26 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH single study unit. Each analyst should keep track of her/his own unknowns so the same taxon is assigned the same name across samples and across study units. Providing images of these unknowns is of utmost importance. These images will be made available to all analysts and to the public by way of the Image Database.

As far as the existing unknowns are concerned, ANSP staff will work on them as soon as possible so everyone can refer to them.

Reason: There is a lack of uniformity in the way different analysts are currently reporting unknown taxa. There is an obvious need to standardize these reports and to keep detailed supporting information for future analyses. Currently, there are hundreds of unknowns in our database. Many of them do not have images or are not documented by circled specimens and may be lost to science! In many cases other analysts might have names for these unknowns. Problems derived from having two names for the same taxon are obvious.

The following format must be adopted to report taxa in the categories mentioned above:

Using the “aff.”category:

The name of the genus and species should be separated by the word aff. and the species name should be followed by the name of the project, analyst initials in upper case letters, and the authority describing the taxon used for reference. For example:

Fragilaria aff. amphicephala NAWQA EAM Kützing

Using the “cf.” category:

The name of the species and genus should be separated by the abbreviation “cf.” and followed by the name of the project, analyst initials in upper case characters, and the authority describing the taxon used for reference. For example,

Achnanthes cf. acares NAWQA BAHLS Hohn & Hellermann Achnanthes lanceolata cf. var. capitata NAWQA REIMER O. Müller

Although attaching the name of the analyst and that of the authority may seem confusing at a first glance, information provided in this manner facilitates future analyses. By knowing the analyst name, for example, we might infer the approach taken during the identification of the organism. On the other hand, knowing the name of the authority of the reference taxon allows the reader to have a clearer idea of what the analyst was referring to during her/his determination.

Using the “sp.”category:

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 27 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH The name of the genus should be followed by sp. and a number concurrent with the number of sp. taxa found in the ANSP database. This number should then be followed by the names of the project, as well as the analyst’s initials, all in upper case characters. For example:

Frustulia sp. 2 NAWQA EAM

The number 2 in this case indicates that the same analyst has reported another Frustulia sp. for this project.

Additionally, there is a “sp. ?” category that can be used for taxa that are not identifiable during a given count because individuals are lying on their sides or only pieces are observed. In this case such taxa are reported as follows:

Achnanthes sp. 1?

The analyst may use as many of this categories in a particular sample as different unidentifiable forms she/he encounters. However, maximum effort should be put toward the identification of these taxa and the use of the “sp. ?” should be minimal.

Concerning new transfers

New transfers can not be used until all analysts (by means of a workshop and/or e-mail discussions) have agreed to use them. To validate, verify and adopt a newly transferred name a procedure similar to that used during the third NAWQA taxonomy workshop must be followed. In case new taxa names have been already used for a study unit for which data have been sent to the Academy, a list of such taxa must be provided by the analyst who introduced these names.

Reason: Many transfers found in the literature have been done blindly or for “selfish” reasons (i.e., just for the sake of nomenclatural uniformity in particular data sets. See Andresen et al. [2000] and Kingston [2000]) No light microscopy or scanning electron microscopy data have been presented for such transfers so we do not know if the transfers are valid or not.

Concerning the use of names from the image database

If the analyst decides to use a name from the image database, she/he must make sure that it has been verified by ANSP staff. There are many cases in which the names have been wrongly applied. If you consider that an unverified name is correct, contact ANSP before you use it. There, the taxon will be evaluated based on information available at ANSP (images, workshop reports, ecological data, references, etc.).

Reason: Using unverified (and possibly incorrect names) will make mistakes pervasive in our data sets. The majority of the names currently used in our image database have not been verified. So far, only the names in the public version of the image database should be used.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 28 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Concerning the addition of digital images to the Algae Image Database

Images must be black and white and in inserted in the database in vertical position. All color images must be converted to grayscale in Photoshop and properly cropped before they are added to the database. Images of taxa such as Cymbella, Epithemia, Rhopalodia, and other taxa with dorsiventral symmetry, must be positioned so their ventral sides are on the right.

Reason: There are literally hundreds of images in the database and many more are added on a daily basis. The time required to download these images increases dramatically when the images are in color and when they contain extra useless information. The majority of the images already in the database are in vertical position. More images fit on a single screen if images are in this orientation. Also, it is more aesthetic to have all the images in the same orientation. Positioning taxa with dorsiventral symmetry in the same manner allows for comparisons when several images are viewed at a time.

These measurements must be presented even in those cases in which scales are inserted.

If a scale is to be included in the image, it must be positioned sufficiently separated from the specimen as to allow for cropping.

Reason: Measurements are the only references that the public has regarding the dimensions of depicted specimens. Scales are helpful as well, but the majority of the images in the database do not have a scale. We have not decided which way to go yet (scale or measurements only).

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 29 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Appendix 2. Changes from 1994 to 1997-start diatom taxonomy. This version of the list, originally presented in the Third Workshop report (Morales and Potapova, 2000), contains corrections (denoted with “Corr.” In the References column) of misspellings generated during the Fourth and Fifth Workshops.

Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Achnanthes amoena Hust. Achnanthes biasolettiana (Kütz.) Grun. Achnanthes bioreti Germain Psammothidium bioretii (Germ.) Bukhtiyarova & Round 1 Bukhtiyarova & Round 1996 Achnanthes cf. amoena CLASON Hust. Achnanthes cf. daui CLASON Foged Achnanthes cf. engelbrechtii Choln. Achnanthes cf. grana ROBERTS Hohn & Hellerm. Achnanthes cf. grimmei REIMER Krass. Achnanthes cf. grischuna CLASON Wüthrich Achnanthes cf. lanceolata var. apiculata REIMER Patr. Achnanthes cf. obliqua MARR Hust. Achnanthes cf. rosenstockii CLASON Lange-Bert. Achnanthes chilensis Hust. Achnanthes chlidanos Hohn & Hellerm. not transferred yet Achnanthes clevei Grun. Karayevia clevei (Grun.) Round & Bukhtiyarova 1 Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996 Achnanthes clevei var. rostrata Hust. not transferred yet Achnanthes coarctata (Bréb.) Grun. Achnanthes conspicua A. Mayer Achnanthes curvirostrum Brun Achnanthes daonensis Lange-Bert. Psammothidium grischunum f. daonensis (Lange-Bertalot) 1 Bukhtiyarova & Round 1996 Bukhtiyarova & Round Achnanthes daui Foged Achnanthes decipiens Reim. Achnanthes deflexa Reim. Achnanthes delicatula (Kütz.) Grun. Achnanthes exigua Grun. Achnanthes exigua var. constricta Torka Achnanthes exigua var. elliptica Hust. Achnanthes exigua var. heterovalva Krass. Achnanthes exilis Kütz. Achnanthidium exilis (Kutz.) Round & Bukhtiyarova 1 Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996 Achnanthes flexella (Kütz.) Brun Eucocconeis flexella (Kutz.) P.T.Cleve 1 Round et al. 1990 Achnanthes hauckiana Grun. Planothidium haukianum (Grun.) Round& Bukhtiyarova 3 Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996 Achnanthes hauckiana var. rostrata Schulz Achnanthes delicatula (Kütz.) Grun. 1 Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1991

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 30 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Achnanthes helvetica (Hust.) Lange-Bert. Psammothidium helveticum (Hust.) Bukhtiyarova & Round 1 Bukhtiyarova & Round 1996 Achnanthes hungarica (Grun.) Grun. Lemnicola hungarica (Grun.) Round & Basson 1 Round & Basson 1997 Achnanthes inflata (Kütz.) Grun. Achnanthes kryophila var. denistriata Hust. Achnanthes laevis Schimanski Eucocconeis laevis (Østr.) Lange-Bertalot 1 Lange-Bertalot & Genkal 1998 Achnanthes lanceolata (Bréb. in Kütz.) Grun. Planothidium lanceolatum (Breb.) Round & Bukhtiyarova 3 Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996 Achnanthes lanceolata cf. var. capitata REIMER O. Müll. Achnanthes lanceolata var. abbreviata Reim. Achnanthes lanceolata var. apiculata Patr. Achnanthes lanceolata var. bimaculata Hust. Achnanthes lanceolata var. dubia Grun. Planothidium dubium (Grun.) Round & Bukhtiyarova 3 Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996 Achnanthes lanceolata var. dubia Grun. Achnanthes lanceolata subsp. rostrata (Østr.) Lange-Bertalot 1 Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1991 Achnanthes lanceolata var. dubia Grun. Achnanthes lanceolata subsp. frequentissima Lange-Bertalot 3 Corr. Achnanthes lanceolata var. dubia Grun. Achnanthes lanceolata subsp. biporoma (Hohn & Hellerm.) 3 Corr. Lange-Bertalot Achnanthes lanceolata var. elliptica Cl. sensu Straub Planothidium ellipticum (Cl.) Round & Bukhtiyarova 3 Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996 Achnanthes lanceolata subsp. frequentissima Lange-Bert. Achnanthes lanceolata var. elliptica Cl. sensu Straub Achnanthes joursacense Her. 3 Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1991 Achnanthes lanceolata var. haynaldii (Istv.-Schaarsch.) Cl. Achnanthes lanceolata var. omissa Reim. Achnanthes joursacense Her. 3 Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1991 Achnanthes joursacense Her. Achnanthes lapidosa Krass. Achnanthes lapponica var. ninckei (Guerm. & Mang.) Reim. Eucocconeis laevis (Oestrup) Lange-Bertalot 1 Corr. Achnanthes lata var. 1 ANS NAR Achnanthes kuelbsii Lange-Bertalot 1 Corr. Achnanthes laterostrata Hust. Karayevia laterostrata (Hant.) Round & Bukhtiyarova 1 Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996 Achnanthes lauenburgiana Hust. Psammothidium lauenburgianum (Hust.) Bukhtiyarova & Round 1 Bukhtiyarova & Round 1996 Achnanthes levanderi var. helvetica Hust. Achnanthes linearis (W. Sm.) Grun. Rossithidium linearis (W. Sm.) Round & Bukhtiyarova 3 Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996 Achnanthes linearis fo. curta H. L. Sm. Achnanthes marginulata Grun. Psammothidium marginulatum (Grun.) Round & Bukhtiyarova 1 Bukhtiyarova.& Round 1996 Achnanthes microcephala (Kütz.) Grun. Achnanthidium microcephalum Kutz. 1 Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996 Achnanthes minutissima Kütz. Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kutz.) Czarnecki 1 Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996 Achnanthes minutissima var. 1 ANS WRC Achnanthes cf, grischuna Clason Wüthrich 1 Corr. Achnanthes minutissima var. affinis (Grun.) L-Bert. Achnanthidium affine (Grun.) Czarnecki 1 Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996 Achnanthes minutissima var. gracillima (Meister) L-Bert. Achnanthidium altergracillima (Lange-Bertalot) Round & 1 Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996 Bukhtiyarova Achnanthes minutissima var. macrocephala Hust. Achnanthidium macrocephalum (Hust.) Round & Bukhtiyarova 1 Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996 Achnanthes minutissima var. saprophila Kobayasi & Mayama Achnanthidium saprophila (Kobayasi & Mayama) Round & 1 Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 31 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Bukhtiyarova Achnanthes minutissima var. scotica (Cart.) Lange-Bert. Achnanthes nodosa A. Cl. Achnanthes oblongella Østr. Achnanthes peragalli Brun & Hérib. Planothidium peragallii (Brun.& Her.) Round & Bukhtiyarova 3 Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996 Achnanthes peragalli var. fossilis Temp. & Perag. Achnanthes peragalli var. parvula (Patr.) Reim. Achnanthes petersonii Hust. Rossithidium petersennii (Hust.) Round & Bukhtiyarova 3 Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996 Achnanthes pinnata Hust. Achnanthes pusilla (Grun.) DeT. Rossithidium pusillum (Grun.) Round & Bukhtiyarova 3 Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996 Achnanthes rosenstockii Lange-Bert. Psammothidium abundans f. rosenstockii Lange-Bertalot 1 Bukhtiyarova & Round 1996 Achnanthes rossii Hust. Psammothidium rossii (Hust.) Bukhtiyarova & Round 1 Bukhtiyarova & Round 1996 Achnanthes rupestoides Hohn Achnanthes semiaperta Hust. Achnanthes sp. 1 ? Achnanthes sp. 1 ANS CWR DN Achnanthes sp. 1 ANS CWR LLD Achnanthes sp. 1 ANS CWR NT Achnanthes sp. 1 ANS CWR PP Achnanthes sp. 1 ANS LLB Achnanthes sp. 1 ANS USNK Achnanthes sp. 2 ANS LLB Achnanthes stewartii Patr. Achnanthes stolida (Krass.) Krass. Achnanthes subatomoides (Hust.) L.-B. & Archb. in Kramm. & L.-B. Psammothidium subatomoides(Hust.) Bukhtiyarova & Round 1 Bukhtiyarova & Round 1996 Achnanthes subatomus Hust. Achnanthes subhudsonis Hust. Achnanthes subhudsonis var. kraeuselii Choln. Achnanthes submarina Hust. Achnanthes suchlandti Hust. Achnanthes temperei M. Perag. Achnanthes tenera Hust. Achnanthes ventralis (Krass.) Lange-Bert. Psammothidium ventralis (Krass.) Bukhtiyarova & Round 1 Bukhtiyarova & Round 1996 Actinella punctata Lewis Actinella sp. 1 ? Actinocyclus normanii (Greg.) Hust. Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsus (Juhl.-Dannf.) Hust. Amphipleura pellucida (Kütz.) Kütz.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 32 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Amphipleura sp. 1 ? Amphora acutiuscula Kütz. Amphora angusta Greg. Amphora cf. laevis REIMER Greg. Amphora coffeaeformis (Ag.) Kütz. Amphora montana Krass. Amphora normanii Rabh. Amphora ocellata Donk. Amphora ovalis (Kütz.) Kütz. Amphora ovalis var. affinis (Kütz.) V. H. ex DeT. A. libyca Ehr. 1 Krammer 1980 Amphora ovalis var. pediculus (Kütz.) V. H. ex DeT. A. libyca Ehr. 1 Krammer 1980 Amphora perpusilla (Grun.) Grun. A.pediculus (Kütz.) Grun. 1 Krammer 1980 Amphora sp. 1 ANS CWR NB Amphora sp. 1 ANS TAC SCTX Amphora submontana Hust. Amphora tenuissima Hust. Amphora thumensis (A. Mayer) Krieger Amphora veneta Kütz. Amphora veneta var. globulosa Foged Anomoeoneis cf. sphaerophora fo. costata (Kütz) Schmid. Anomoeoneis serians (Bréb. ex Kütz.) Cl. Brachysira serians (Breb.) Round & Mann 1 Round & Mann 1981 Anomoeoneis serians var. acuta Hust. Anomoeoneis serians var. apiculata Boyer Brachysira apiculata (Boyer) Lange-Bertalot & Moser 1 Lange-Bertalot & Moser 1994 Anomoeoneis serians var. brachysira (Bréb. ex Kütz.) Hust. Brachysira brebissonii Ross 1 Hartley 1986 Anomoeoneis sp. 1 ? Anomoeoneis sphaerophora (Kütz.) Pfitzer Anomoeoneis sphaerophora fo. costata (Kütz.) Schmid. Anomoeoneis sphaerophora fo. sculpta (Ehr.) Kramm. Anomoeoneis vitrea (Grun.) Ross Brachysira vitrea (Grun.) Ross 1 Hartley 1986 Anorthoneis excentrica (Donk.) Grun. Asterionella formosa Hass. Asterionella ralfsii W. Sm. Aulacosira alpigena (Grun.)Krammer Aulacosira ambigua (Grun.) Simonsen Aulacosira cf. distans (Ehr.) Simonsen Aulacosira crassipunctata Kramm. Aulacosira crenulata (Ehr.) Thw. Aulacosira distans (Ehr.) Simonsen

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 33 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Aulacosira distans var. nivalis (W. Sm.) Haw. Aulacosira granulata (Ehr.) Simonsen Aulacosira granulata var. angustissima (O. Müll.) Simonsen Aulacosira italica (Ehr.) Sim. Aulacosira lirata (Ehr) R. Ross Aulacosira lirata var. lacustris (Grun. in V. H.) R. Ross Aulacosira pfaffiana (Reinsch) Kram. Aulacosira sp. 1 ANS LLB Aulacosira tethera Haworth Bacillaria paradoxa Gmelin in L. Biddulphia laevis Ehr. Pleurosira laevis (Ehr.) Compere 1 Compére 1982 Caloneis amphisbaena (Bory) Cl. Caloneis bacillaris var. thermalis (Grun.) A. Cl. Caloneis bacillum (Grun.) Cl. Caloneis bacillum var. fontinalis Grun. Caloneis cf. undulata CLASON (Greg.) Kramm. Caloneis hyalina Hust. Caloneis lewisii Patr. Caloneis lewisii var. inflata (Schulrz) Patr. Caloneis limosa (Kütz.) Patr. Caloneis macedonica (Greg.) Kramm. Caloneis sp. 1 ? Caloneis sp. 1 ANS CWR NH Caloneis sp. 1 ANS TAC Caloneis tenuis (Greg.) Kramm. Caloneis ventricosa (Ehr.) Meist. Caloneis ventricosa var. alpina Patr. Caloneis ventricosa var. minuta (Grun.) Mills Caloneis ventricosa var. subundulata (Grun.) Patr. Caloneis ventricosa var. truncatula (Grun.) Meist. Campylodiscus hibernicus Ehr. Campylostylus normannianus (Grev.) Gerloff, Natour & Rivera. Capartogramma crucicula (Grun. ex Cl.) Ross Cocconeis cf. diminuta REIMER Pant. Cocconeis disculus (Schumann) Cl. Cocconeis fluviatilis Wallace Cocconeis klamathensis Sov. Cocconeis neodiminuta Kramm.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 34 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Cocconeis pediculus Ehr. Cocconeis placentula Ehr. Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta (Ehr.) Cl. Cocconeis placentula var. lineata (Ehr.) V. H. Cocconeis placentula var. pseudolineata Geitler Cocconeis sp. 1 ? Cocconeis thienemannii Hust. Cocconeis thumensis A. Mayer Cyclostephanos costatilimbus Stoermer, Hakanson,Theriot Cyclostephanos dubius (Fricke in A. Schmidt) Round Cyclostephanos invisitatus (Hohn & Hellerman) Theriot, Stoermer, & Hakansson Cyclostephanos tholiformis Stoerm., Hak, & Ther. Cyclotella aliquantula Hohn & Hellerm. Cyclotella atomus Hust. Cyclotella bodanica Eulenst. Cyclotella bodanica var. lemanica (O. Müll.) Bachmann Cyclotella comensis Grun. et V.H. Cyclotella kuetzingiana Thw. Cyclotella meneghiniana Kütz. Cyclotella michiganiana Skv. Cyclotella ocellata Pant. Cyclotella pseudostelligera Hust. Cyclotella radiosa (Grun.) Lemm. Cyclotella sp. 1 ? Cyclotella sp. 1 ANS LLB Cyclotella sp. 1 ANS WRC Cyclotella stelligera (Cl. & Grun.) V. H. Cyclotella stelligeroides Hust. Cyclotella striata (Kütz.) Grun. Cyclotella woltereckii Hust. Cylindrotheca gracilis (Bréb. in Kütz.) Grun. in V. H. Cymatopleura elliptica (Bréb. in Kütz.) W. Sm. Cymatopleura solea (Bréb.) W. Sm. Cymatopleura solea var. apiculata (W. Sm.) Ralfs Cymbella affinis Kütz. Cymbella amphicephala Naeg. ex Kütz. Cymbella aspera (Ehr.) H. Perag.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 35 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Cymbella austriaca Grun. Cymbella brehmii Hust. Encyonema brehmii (Hust.) Mann 1 Round et al. 1990 Cymbella cesatii (Rabh.) Grun. ex A. S. Encyonopsis cesatii (Rab.) Kram. 1 Krammer 1997 Cymbella cf. gaeumannii Meist. Cymbella cf. microcephala fo. robusta CODY Hust. Cymbella cistula (Ehr.) Kirchn. Cymbella cuspidata Kütz. Cymbopleura cuspidata (Kutz.) 3 Krammer 1997 Cymbella cymbiformis Ag. Cymbella cymbiformis var. nonpunctata Font. in Patr. & Reim. Cymbella delicatula Kütz. Cymbella diluviana (Krass.) Florin Cymbella gaeumannii Meist. Encyonema gaeumannii (Meist.) Krammer 1 Krammer 1997 Cymbella hauckii V.H. Cymbella hustedtii Krass. Cymbella incerta (Grun.) Cl. Cymbella laevis Naeg. ex Kütz. Cymbella lanceolata (Ag.) Ag. Cymbella leptoceros (Ehr.) Kütz. Cymbella lunata W. Sm. Encyonema lunatum (Smith) V. Heurck 1 Krammer 1997 Cymbella mexicana (Ehr.) Cl. Cymbella mexicana janischii (A.S.) Reimer Cymbella microcephala Grun. Encyonopsis microcephala (Grun.) Krammer 1 Krammer 1997 Cymbella minuta fo. latens (Krass.) Reim. Encyonema latens (Krasske) Mann 1 Round et al. 1990 Cymbella minuta Hilse ex Rabh. Encyonema minutum (Hilse in Raben.) Mann 1 Round et al. 1990 Cymbella minuta var. pseudogracilis (Choln.) Reim. Cymbella minuta var. silesiaca (Bleisch ex Rabh.) Reim. Encyonema silesiacum Mann 1 Round et al. 1990 Cymbella muelleri Hust. Encyonema muelleri (Hust.) Mann 1 Round et al. 1990 Cymbella naviculiformis Auersw. ex Héib. Cymbopleura naviculiformis (Auer.) 3 Lange-Bertalot & Genkal 1998 Cymbella perpusilla A. Cl. Encyonema perpusillum (A Cl.) Mann 1 Round et al. 1990 Cymbella prostrata (Berk.) Cl. Encyonema prostratum (Berk.) Kutz. 1 Krammer 1997 Cymbella prostrata var. auerswaldii (Rabh.) Reim. Encyonema auerswaldii (Rahb.) 1 Rabhenhorst 1853, Krammer 1997 Cymbella pusilla Grun. Navicella pusilla (Grun) Krammer 3 Krammer 1997 Cymbella reichardtii Kramm. Encyonema reichardtii (Krammer) Mann 1 Round et al. 1990 Cymbella sinuata fo. antiqua (Grun.) Reim. not transferred yet Cymbella sp. 1 ? Cymbella sp. 1 ANS CWR NRO Cymbella sp. 1 ANS LLB Cymbella sp. 1 ANS POTO

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 36 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Cymbella sp. 1 ANS WRC Cymbella sp. 1 PIRLA Cymbella sp. 2 ANS LLB Cymbella sp. 2 ANS WRC Cymbella sp. 3 ANS WRC Cymbella sp. 4 ANS NAR STROUD Cymbella sp. 4 ANS WRC Cymbella sp.1 JCK Cymbella subaequalis Grun. Cymbella tenuissima Hust. Encyonema tenuissimum (Hust.) Mann 1 Round et al. 1990 Cymbella triangulum (Ehr.) Cl. Encyonema triangulum (Ehr.) Kutz. 1 Krammer 1997 Cymbella tumida (Bréb. ex Kütz.) V. H. Cymbella tumidula Grun. ex A. S. Cymbella turgidula Grun. Cymbellonitzschia diluviana Hust. Denticula elegans Kütz. Denticula kuetzingii var. rumrichae Krammer. Denticula subtilis Grun. Denticula tenuis crassula (Naeg.) Hust. Denticula tenuis Kütz. Desmogonium sp. 1 ? Diatoma anceps (Ehr.) Kirchn. Diatoma hiemale (Roth) Heib. Diatoma mesodon (Ehr.) Kütz. Diatoma moniliformis Kütz. Diatoma tenue Ag. Diatoma tenuis C.A.Agardh 1 Williams 1985 Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb. Diatoma tenuis C.A.Agardh 1 Williams 1985 Diatoma vulgare Bory Diatoma vulgaris Bory 1 Williams 1985 Diatoma vulgare var. breve Grun. Diatoma vulgaris Bory 1 Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1991 Diatomella balfouriana (W. Sm.) Greville Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngb.) M. Schmidt Diploneis cf. ovalis REIMER (Hilse ex Rabh.) Diploneis elliptica (Kütz.) Cl. Diploneis marginestriata Hust. Diploneis oblongella (Naeg. ex Kütz.) Ross Diploneis pseudovalis Hust. Diploneis puella (Schum.) Cl. Diploneis smithii (Bréb. ex W. Sm.) Cl.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 37 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Diploneis smithii var. dilatata (M. Perag.) Boyer Diploneis smithii var. pumila (Grun.) Hust. Diploneis subovalis Cl. Entomoneis alata (Ehr.) Ehr. Entomoneis ornata (Bail.) Reim. Entomoneis paludosa (W. Sm.) Reim. Epithemia adnata (Kütz.) Bréb. Epithemia reichelti var. 1 ANS OZRK Epithemia sorex Kütz. Epithemia turgida (Ehr.) Kütz. Eunotia arcus Ehr. Eunotia arcus var. bidens Grun. Eunotia bidentula W. Sm. Eunotia camelus Ehr. Eunotia carolina Patr. Eunotia cf. fallax var. gracillima REIMER Krass. Eunotia cf. formica REIMER Ehr. Eunotia cf. muscicola CODY Krass. Eunotia cf. subarcuatoides Alles et al. Eunotia cf. tecta CLASON Eunotia cf. tenella REIMER (Grun.) A. Cl. Eunotia cf. vanheurckii Patr. Eunotia cristagalli Cl. Eunotia curvata (Kütz.) Lagerst. Eunotia curvata var. capitata (Grun.) Woodhead & Tweed Eunotia curvata var. subarcuata (Naeg.) Woodhead & Tweed Eunotia didyma Grun. Eunotia diodon Ehr. Eunotia elegans Østr. Eunotia exigua (Bréb. ex Kütz.) Rabh. Eunotia faba (Ehr.) Grun. in V. H. Eunotia fallax A. Cl. Eunotia flexuosa Bréb. ex Kütz. Eunotia formica Ehr. Eunotia hemicyclus (Ehr.) Karsten Eunotia iatriaensis Foged Eunotia incisa W. Sm. ex Greg. Eunotia intermedia (Krass. ex Hust.) Nörpel & Lange-Bert.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 38 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Eunotia meisteri Hust. Eunotia microcephala Krass. ex Hust. Eunotia monodon Ehr. Eunotia monodon var. constricta Hust. Eunotia monodon var. major (W. Sm.) Hust. Eunotia muscicola Krass. Eunotia naegelii Migula Eunotia paludosa Grun. Eunotia pectinalis (O. F. Müll.) Rabh. Eunotia pectinalis var. biarcuata (A. Berg) A. Berg Eunotia pectinalis var. minor (Kütz.) Rabh. Eunotia pectinalis var. undulata (Ralfs) Rabh. Eunotia pectinalis var. ventricosa (Ehr.) Grun. Eunotia perpusilla Grun. Eunotia polydentula Brun Eunotia praerupta Ehr. Eunotia praerupta var. bidens (Ehr.) Grun. Eunotia rabenhorstii var. monodon Cl. & Grun. ex V. H. Eunotia rhomboidea Hust. Eunotia robusta Ralfs in Pritch. Eunotia robusta var. tetraodon (Ehr.) Ralfs in Pritch. Eunotia serra Ehr. Eunotia serra var. diadema (Ehr.) Patr. Eunotia sp. 1 ? Eunotia sp. 1 ANS ALBE Eunotia sp. 1 ANS CWR Eunotia sudetica O. Müll. Eunotia tautoniensis Hust. ex Patr. Eunotia tenella (Grun.) A. Cl. Eunotia triodon Ehr. Eunotia zasuminensis (Cab.) Körn. Eunotia zygodon Ehr. Fragilaria berolinensis Lange-Bert. Fragilaria bicapitata A. Mayer Fragilariforma bicapitata (Mayer) Round & Williams 1 Williams & Round 1987 Fragilaria bidens Heiberg Fragilaria brevistrata var. 1 ANS WRC Fragilaria brevistriata Grunow Pseudostaurosira brevistriata (Grunow) Williams 1 Williams & Round 1987 Fragilaria brevistriata var. capitata Hérib.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 39 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Fragilaria brevistriata var. inflata (Pant.) Hust. Fragilaria capensis Grun. Fragilaria capucina Desm. Fragilaria capucina var. gracilis (Østr.) Hust. Fragilaria capucina var. lanceolata (Grun.) Hust. Fragilaria capucina var. mesolepta Rabh. Fragilaria cf. brevistriata var. trigona Lange-Bert. Fragilaria cf. capucina var. lanceolata REIMER Grun. in V. H. Fragilaria cf. exigua CODY Grun. Fragilaria cf. subsalina CODY (Grun.) Lange-Bert. Fragilaria constricta Ehr. Fragilariforma constricta (Ehr.) Williams & Round 1 Williams & Round 1987 Fragilaria constricta fo. stricta (A. Cl.) Hust. Fragilariforma constricta fo. stricta (A.Cl.) Poulin 1 Hamilton et al. 1992 Fragilaria constricta var. trinodis Hust. Fragilariforma constricta fo. trinodis (Hust.) Hamilton 1 Hamilton et al. 1992 Fragilaria construens (Ehr.) Grun. Staurosira construens (Ehr.) Williams & Round 1 Corr. Fragilaria construens var. 1 ANS LLB Fragilaria construens var. binodis (Ehr.) Grun. Staurosira construens var. binodis (Ehr.) Hamilton 1 Hamilton et al. 1992 Fragilaria construens var. pumila Grun. Not transferred yet Fragilaria construens var. subsalina Hust. Fragilaria construens var. venter (Ehr). Grun. Staurosira construens var. venter (Ehr.) Hamilton 1 Hamilton et al. 1992 Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton Fragilaria famelica (Kütz) L-Bert. Fragilaria floridana Hanna Fragilariforma floridiana (Hanna) Williams 1 Williams 1990 Fragilaria gracillma A. Mayer Fragilaria hungarica var. tumida Cl.-Eul. Fragilariforma hungarica var. tumida (Cl.-Eul.) Hamilton 1 Hamilton et al. 1992 Fragilaria lapponica Grun. Staurosirella lapponica (Grun.) Williams & 1 Williams & Round 1987 Fragilaria leptostauron (Ehr.) Hust. Staurosirella leptostauron Ehr. 1 Williams & Round 1987 Fragilaria leptostauron var. dubia (Grun.) Hust. Fragilaria nanana Lange-Bert. Fragilaria neoproducta Lange-Bert. Fragilaria nitzschioides Grun. Fragilaria oldenburgiana Hust. Fragilaria pinnata Ehr. Staurosirella pinnata (Her.) Williams & Round 1 Williams & Round 1987 Fragilaria pinnata var. acuminata A. Mayer Fragilaria pinnata var. intercedens (Grun.) Hust. Staurosirella pinnata var. intercedens (Grun.) Hamilton 1 Hamilton et. al. 1992 Fragilaria pinnata var. lancettula (Schumann) Hust. Fragilaria pinnata var. subcapitata Freng. Fragilaria polygonata Cl.-Eul. Fragilaria sp. 1 ?

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 40 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Fragilaria sp. 1 ANS CWR NC Fragilaria sp. 1 ANS LLB Fragilaria sp. 1 ANS TAC SANT Fragilaria sp. 1 ANS TAC SOFL Fragilaria sp. 18 PIRLA Fragilaria sp. 2 ANS LLB Fragilaria sp. 2 ANS WRC Fragilaria sp. 3 ANS LLB Fragilaria sp. 6 PIRLA Fragilaria spinosa Skv. Fragilaria strangulata (Zanon) Hust. Fragilariforma strangulata (Zanon) Williams & Round 1 Williams & Round 1987 Fragilaria synegrotesca Lange-Bertalot Fragilaria tenera (W. Sm.) Lange-Bert Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kütz.) Peters. Fragilaria vaucheriae var. 1 ANS WRC Fragilaria vaucheriae var. capitellata (Grun.) Patr. Fragilaria virescens Ralfs Fragilariforma virescens (Ralfs) Williams & Round 1 Williams & Round 1987 Fragilaria virescens var. capitata Østr. Fragilaria virescens var. exigua Grun. in Cl. et Möller Stauroforma exiguiformis Lange-Bertalot, Flower & Jones 3 Flower et. al. 1996 (=Fragilaria exiguiformis) Fragilaria virescens var. exigua Grun. in Cl. et Möller Fragilaria exiguiformis (Grun.) Lange-Bertalot 1 Lange-Bertalot 1993 Frustulia creuzburgensis (Krass.) Hust. Frustulia rhomboides (Ehr.) DeT. Frustulia rhomboides fo. undulata Hust. Frustulia rhomboides var. amphipleuroides (Grun.) DeT. Frustulia rhomboides var. capitata (A. Mayer) Patr. Frustulia rhomboides var. crassinervia (Bréb. ex W. Sm.) Ross Frustulia crassinervia (Breb.) Lange-Bertalot & Krammer 1 Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin 1996 Frustulia rhomboides var. saxonica (Rabh.) DeT. Frustulia saxonica Rabenhorst 1 Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin 1996 Frustulia sp. 1 ? Frustulia sp. 1 ANS TAC SF Frustulia sp. 1 ANS WRC Frustulia spp. Frustulia vulgaris (Thwaites) DeT. Frustulia vulgaris var. muscosa Skv. Frustulia weinholdii Hust. Gomphoneis eriense (Grun.) Skv. & Meyer Gomphoneis eriense var. variabilis Kociolek & Stoermer Gomphoneis herculeana (Ehr.) Cl.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 41 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Gomphoneis mammilla (Ehr.) Cl. Gomphonema acuminatum Ehr. Gomphonema acuminatum var. elongatum (W. Sm.) Carr. Gomphonema acuminatum var. laticeps (Ehr.) Grun. in V. H. Gomphonema affine Kütz. Gomphonema angustatum (Kütz.) Rabh. Gomphonema angustatum var. intermedia Grun. Gomphonema angustatum var. obtusatum (Kütz.) Grun. Gomphonema angustatum var. productum Grun. Gomphonema angustatum var. sarcophagus (Greg.) Grun. Gomphonema sarcophagus Greg. 1 Reichardt 1999 Gomphonema angustum Ag. Gomphonema apuncto Wallace Gomphonema augur Ehr. Gomphonema bohemicum Reich. & Fricke Gomphonema brasiliense Grun. Gomphonema carolinense Hagelst. Gomphonema cf. clevei CODY Fricke Gomphonema kobayasii Kociolek & Kingston 1 Kociolek & Kingston 1999 Gomphonema cf. consector Hohn & Hellerm. Gomphonema cf. parvulum var. parvulius L.-B. & Reichardt in L.-B. Gomphonema cf. puiggarianum var. reducta REIMER Mang. in Bour. et Mang. Gomphonema cf. pumilum CLASON (Grun.) Reich. & L-Bert. Gomphonema clevei Fricke Gomphonema consector Hohn & Hellerm. Gomphonema constrictum clavatum Gomphonema dichotomum Kütz. Gomphonema freesei Lowe&Kociolek Gomphonema gibba Wallace Gomphonema gracile Ehr. emend. V. H. Gomphonema grovei M. Schmidt Gomphonema grunowii Patr. Gomphonema intricatum Kütz. Gomphonema intricatum var. vibrio (Ehr.) Cl. Gomphonema lanceolatum var. insignia Gomphonema manubrium Fricke Gomphonema mehleri Camburn Gomphonema minusculum Krass. Gomphonema minutiforme Lange-Bert. & Reich.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 42 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Gomphonema olivaceoides Hust. Gomphonema olivaceoides var. hutchinsoniana Patr. Gomphonema olivaceum (Lyngb.) Kütz. Gomphoneis olivaceum (Lyngb.) Dawson 3 Dawson 1974 Gomphonema olivaceum var. minutissimum Hust. Gomphonema olivaceoides Hust. 1 Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1986 Gomphonema parvulum (Kütz.) Kütz. Gomphonema parvulum var. exilissima Grun. in V. H. Gomphonema patrickii Kociolek & Stoermer Gomphonema pumilum (Grun.) Reich. & Lange-Bert. Gomphonema rhombicum Fricke Gomphoneis rhombica (Fricke) Merino et al. 3 Merino et. al. 1994 Gomphonema septum Mogh. Gomphonema sp. 1 ? Gomphonema sp. 1 ANS CWR Gomphonema sp. 1 ANS CWR NA Gomphonema sp. 1 ANS CWR NCS Gomphonema sp. 1 PIRLA Gomphonema sp. 1 South Florida TAC Gomphonema sp. 2 ? Gomphonema sp. 2 ANS TAC SF Gomphonema sp.1 JPK Gomphonema sphaerophorum Ehr. Gomphonema subclavatum (Grun.) Grun. Gomphonema subclavatum var. commutatum (Grun.) A. Mayer Gomphonema subclavatum var. mexicanum (Grun.) Patr. Gomphonema subtile Ehr. Gomphonema tackei Hust. Gomphonema tenellum Kütz. Gomphonema minutum (C. A. Agardh) C. A. Agardh 1 Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1986 Gomphonema truncatum Ehr. Gomphonema truncatum var. capitatum (Ehr.) Patr. Gomphonema turris Ehr. Gomphonema ventricosum Greg. Gomphonitzschia agma Hohn & Hellerm. Gyrosigma acuminatum (Kütz.) Rabh. Gyrosigma attenuatum (Kütz.) Rabh. Gyrosigma exilis (Grun.) Reim. Gyrosigma eximium (Thwaites) Boyer Gyrosigma macrum (W. Sm.) Griff & Henfr. Gyrosigma nodiferum (Grun.) Reim. Gyrosigma obscurum (W. Sm.) Griff. & Henfr.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 43 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Gyrosigma obtusatum (Sulliv. & Wormley) Boyer Gyrosigma scalproides (Rabh.) Cl. Gyrosigma sp. 1 ANS LLB Gyrosigma spencerii (Quek.) Griff. & Henfr. Gyrosigma spp. Gyrosigma wormleyi (Sulliv.) Boyer Hannaea arcus (Ehr.) Patr. Hannaea arcus var. amphioxys (Rabh.) Patr. Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehr.) Grun. Hantzschia amphioxys var. vivax Grun. Hantzschia distinctepunctata Hust. Hantzschia virgata (Roper) Grun. Hydrosera whampoensis (Schwartz) Deby Mastogloia elliptica (Ag.) Cl. Mastogloia grevillei W. Sm. Mastogloia smithii Thw. Mastogloia smithii var. amphicephala Grun. Melosira cf. islandica subsp. helvetica REIMER O. Müll. Melosira cf. valdii CODY (Grun. ex V.H.) Meist. Melosira distans var. 1 ANS WRC Melosira herzogii Lemm. Melosira italica var. multistriata Patr. Melosira roeseana Rabh. Melosira sp. 1 ? Melosira sp. 1 ANS CWR SSM Melosira sp. 1 ANS WRC Melosira sp. 2 ANS WRC Melosira sulcata var. coronata (Ehr.) Grun. Melosira undulata (Ehr.) Kütz. Melosira varians Ag. Meridion circulare (Grev.) Ag. Meridion circulare var. constrictum (Ralfs) V. H. Navicula abiskoensis Hust. Placoneis abiskoensis (Hust.) Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin 1 Metzeltin & Witkowski 1996 Navicula accomoda Hust. Craticula accomoda (Hust.) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula adnata Hust. Navicula agrestis Hust. Navicula aikenensis Patr. Navicula americana Ehr. Sellaphora americana ( Ehr.) Mann 1 Mann 1989

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 44 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Navicula amnicola Hohn & Hellerm. Navicula anatis Hohn & Hellerm. Navicula anglica Ralfs Placoneis pseudoanglica (Lange-Bertalot) Cox 1 Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1986; Cox 1987 Navicula angusta Grun. Navicula arvensis fo. major Mang. Navicula arvensis Hust. Navicula atomus (Kütz.) Grun. Navicula atomus var. permitis (Hust.) Lange-Bert. Navicula auriculata Hust. Fallacia auriculata (Hust.) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula aurora Sov. Navicula bacilloides Hust. Navicula bacillum Ehr. Sellaphora bacillum (Ehr.) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula bicephala Hust. Navicula biconica Patr. Navicula brasiliana Cl. Navicula bremensis Hust. Navicula bryophila Peters. & Østr. Adlafia bryophila (Petersen) Lange-Bertalot 3 Lange-Bertalot & Genkal 1998 Navicula canalis Patr. Navicula canoris Hohn & Hellerm. Navicula capitata Ehr. Hippodonta capitata (Ehr.) Lange-Bertalot, Metzeltin & Witak 3 Lange-Bertalot et al. 1996a Navicula capitata var. hungarica (Grun.) Ross Hippodonta hungarica (Grun.) Lange-Bertalot, Metzeltin & Witak 3 Lange-Bertalot et al. 1996a Navicula capitata var. lunebergensis (Grun.) Patr. Hippodonta lueneburgensis (Grun.) Lange-Bertalot, Metzeltin & 3 Lange-Bertalot et al. 1996a Witak Navicula cari Ehr. Navicula caterva Hohn & Hellerm. Navicula cf. acceptata CODY Hust. Navicula cf. adversa REIMER Krass. Navicula cf. agrestis Hust. Navicula cf. angelica REIMER Ralfs Navicula cf. arvensis REIMER Hust. Navicula cf. bacilloides Hust. Navicula cf. bicephala REIMER Hust. Navicula cf. bremensis CODY Hust. Navicula cf. bryophila CODY Peters. & Østr. Navicula cf. cincta (Ehr.) Ralfs Navicula cf. declivis REIMER Hust. Navicula cf. digitoradiata var. minima CLASON Cl.-Eul.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 45 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Navicula cf. gottlandica REIMER Grun. Navicula cf. graciloides CODY Mayer Navicula cf. gysingensis Foged Navicula cf. hambergii Hust. Navicula cf. heufleri fo. minuta CODY Grun. in V.H. Navicula cf. hintzii CODY Lange-Bert. Navicula cf. incertata Lange-Bert. Navicula cf. indifferens Hust. Navicula cf. laticeps CODY Hust. Navicula cf. leptostriata CODY Jorg. Navicula cf. libonensis Schoeman Navicula cf. lucens Hust. Navicula cf. notha REIMER Wallace Navicula cf. obsoleta REIMER Hust. Navicula cf. perparva REIMER Hust. Navicula cf. protracta REIMER (Grun.) Cl. Navicula cf. pseudolanceolata CLASON Lange-Bert. Navicula cf. pseudolanceolata Lange-Bert. Navicula cf. pseudoreinhardtii REIMER Navicula cf. radiofallax CODY Lange-Bert. Navicula cf. saxophila REIMER W. Bock Navicula cf. schmassmannii CODY Hust. Navicula cf. subalpina CODY Reich. Navicula cf. subarvensis REIMER Hust. Navicula cf. sublucidula Hust. Navicula cf. subrhynchocephala REIMER Reimer-Simonsen. Navicula cf. subrotundata REIMER Hust. Navicula cf. subtilissima var. okamurae REIMER Skv. Navicula cf. trivialis REIMER Lange-Bert. Navicula cf. utermöhii REIMER Hust. Navicula cf. ventosa REIMER Hust. Navicula cf. vitosa CODY Schimanski Navicula cf. zanoni REIMER Hust. Navicula cincta (Ehr.) Ralfs Navicula cincta var. rostrata Reim. Navicula veneta Kützing 1 Corr. Navicula circumtexta Meist. ex Hust. Navicula citrus Krass. Navicula clementioides Hust Placoneis clementoides (Hust.) Cox 1 Cox 1987

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 46 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Navicula clementis Grun. Placoneis clementis(Grun) Cox 1 Cox 1987 Navicula cocconeiformis Greg. ex Grev. Cavinula cocconeiformis (Greg. ex Grev.) Mann & Stickle 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula cohnii (Hilse) Lange-Bert. Luticola cohnii (Hilse) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula complanata (Grun.) Grun in Cl. et Grun. Proshkinia complanata (Grun.) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula confervacea (Kütz.) Grun. Diadesmis confervacea Kütz. 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula confervacea fo. rostrata Krass. not transferred yet Navicula constans Hust. not transferred yet Navicula contenta fo. parallela Peters. not transferred yet Navicula contenta Grun. ex V. H. Diadesmis contenta (Grun. ex V Heurck.) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula contenta var. biceps (Arnott) V. H. not transferred yet Navicula contraria Patr. Navicula convergens Patr. Navicula costulata Grun. Navicula crucicula (W. Sm.) Donk. Navicula cryptocephala Kütz. Navicula cryptocephala var. exilis Grun. Navicula cryptocephala var. veneta (Kütz.) Rabh. Navicula reichadtiana Lange-Bertalot 1 Corr. Navicula cryptolyra Brockman Fallacia cryptolyra (Brock.) Stickle and Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula cryptotenella L.B. in Kramm. & L.-B. Navicula cryptotenelloides Lange-Bert. Navicula cuspidata (Kütz.) Kütz. Craticula cuspidata (Kutz.) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula decussis Østr. Geissleria decussis (Ost.) Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin 3 Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin 1996 Navicula detenta Hust. Navicula difficillima Hust. Navicula disjuncta Hust. Sellaphora disjuncta (Hust.) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula dystrophica Patr. Navicula eidrigiana Carter Navicula elginensis (Greg.) Ralfs Placoneis elginensis (Greg.) Cox 1 Cox 1987 Navicula elginensis var. neglecta (Krass.) Patr. Navicula erifuga Lange-Bert. Navicula evanida Hust. Navicula exigua Greg. ex Grun. Placoneis exigua (Greg.) Mereschk. 1 Cox 1987 Navicula exigua var. capitata Patr. not transferred yet Navicula explanata Hust. Placoneis explantata (Hust.) Cox 1 Cox 1987 Navicula falaisensis var. lanceola Grun. Navicula festiva Krass. Navicula gallica (W. Sm.) Lagerst. emend. Lange-Bert. Diadesmis gallica W. Smith 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula gallica var. laevissima (Cl.) Lange-Bert. Diadesmis laevissima (Cleve) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 47 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Navicula gallica var. perpusilla (Grun.) Lange-Bert. Diadesmis perpusilla (Grun.).Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula gastrum (Ehr.) Kütz. Placoneis gastrum (Ehr.) Meresch. 1 Cox 1987 Navicula genovefae Fusey Navicula globulifera Hust. Navicula goeppertiana (Bleich) H.L. Sm. Luticola goeppertiana Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula gottlandica Grun. Navicula graciloides Mayer Navicula gregaria Donk. Navicula gysingensis Foged Navicula halophila (Grun.) Cl. Craticula halophila (Grun. in Van Heurck) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula halophila fo. tenuirostris Hust. Craticula vixvisibilis (Hust.) Lange-Bertalot 1 Lange-Bertalot 1993 Navicula hambergii Hust. Navicula harderii Hust. Navicula hassiaca Krass. Navicula hasta Pant. Navicula heufleri var. leptocephala (Brèèb ex Grun.) Perag. Navicula hustedtii Krass. Navicula ignota Krass. Geissleria ignota (Krass.) Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin 3 Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin 1996 Navicula ignota var. acceptata (Hust.) Lange-Bert. not transferred yet Navicula ignota var. palustris (Hust.) Lund not transferred yet Navicula incerta Grun. in V. H. Navicula incomposita var. 1 ANS NAR Navicula indifferens Hust. Fallacia indifferens (Hust.) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula ingenua Hust. Navicula integra (W. Sm.) Ralfs Navicula invicta Hust. Navicula jaernefelti Hust. Cavinula jaernefelti (Hust.) Mann and Stickle 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula kotschyi Grun. Navicula krasskei Hust. Navicula laevissima Kütz. Sellaphora laevissima (Kutz.) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula lanceolata (Ag.) Kütz. Navicula trivialis Lange-Bertalot 1 Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1991 Navicula latelongitudinalis Patr. Navicula lateropunctata Wallace Navicula leptostriata Jorg. Navicula libonensis Schoeman Navicula luzonensis Hust. Navicula mediacomplexa Hohn & Hellerm. Navicula medioconvexa Hust.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 48 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Navicula mediocris Krass. Navicula menisculus Schum. Navicula menisculus var. upsaliensis (Grun.) Grun. Navicula minima Grun. Navicula minuscula Grun. Adlafia minuscula(Grun.) Lange-Bertalot 3 Lange-Bertalot & Genkal 1998 Navicula minuscula var. muralis (Grun.) Lange-Bert. Adlafia minuscula var. muralis (Grun.) Lange Bertalot 3 Lange-Bertalot & Genkal 1998 Navicula mitigata Hust. Luticola mitigata (Hust.) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula mitigata Hust. Luticola mitigata Mann 3 Corr. Navicula mitigata Hust. Luticola mitigata Mann 3 Corr. Navicula mobiliensis Boyer Navicula mobiliensis var. minor Patr. Navicula modica Hust. Navicula molestiformis Hust. Navicula monoculata Hust. Fallacia monoculata (Hust.)Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula mutica fo. undulata (Hilse) Cl. Luticola undulata (Hilse) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula mutica Kütz. Luticola mutica (Kutz.) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula mutica var. stigma Patr. not transferred yet Navicula mutica var. ventricosa (Kütz.) Cl. & Grun. Luticola ventricosa (Kutz.) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula muticoides Hust. Luticola muticoides (Hust.) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula notha Wallace Navicula oblonga Østr. Navicula obsidialis Hust. Navicula obsoleta Hust. Navicula occulta Krass. Navicula ochridana Hust. Navicula omissa Hust. Fallacia omissa (Hust.) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula orangiana Patr. Navicula paratunkae Peters. Navicula paucivisitata Patr. Navicula pelliculosa Hilse Navicula peregrina (Ehr.) Kütz. Navicula perminuta Grun. Navicula phyllepta Kütz. Navicula placenta Ehr. Navicula placentula (Ehr.) Grun. Placoneis placentula (Ehr.) Hienzerling 1 Cox 1987 Navicula porifera (Hust.) Lange-Bert. not transferred yet Navicula protracta (Grun.) Cl. Navicula pseudoarvensis Hust.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 49 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Navicula pseudobryophila Hust. Navicula pseudoreinhardtii Patr. Navicula pseudoscutiformis Hust. Cavinula pseudoscutiformis (Grun. ex A. Schm.) Mann.& Stickle 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula pseudoventralis Hust. Navicula pupula Kütz. Sellaphora pupula (Kutz.) Mereschkowsky 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula pupula var. aquaductae (Krass.) Hust. not transferred yet Navicula pupula var. capitata Skv. & Meyer Sellaphora pupula var. capitata Skvo. & Mayer 1 Metzeltin & Witkowski 1996 Navicula pupula var. elliptica Hust. not transferred yet Navicula pupula var. mutata (Krass.) Hust. Sellaphora mutata (Krass.) Lange-Bertalot 1 Metzeltin & Witkowski 1996 Navicula pupula var. rectangularis (Greg.) Grun. Sellaphora rectangularis (Greg.) Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin 1 Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin 1996 Navicula pupula var. rostrata Hust. not transferred yet Navicula pusilla W. Sm. Cosmioneis pusilla (W. Smith) Mann & Stickle 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula pygmaea Kütz. Fallacia pygmaea (Kutz.) Stickle and Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula radiosa Kütz. Navicula radiosa var. parva Wallace Navicula recens Lange-Bert. Navicula reinhardtii (Grun.) Grun. Navicula rhynchocephala Kütz. Navicula rhynchocephala var. amphiceros (Kütz.) Grun. Navicula rhynchocephala var. germainii (Wallace) Patr. Navicula germainii Wallace 1 Patrick & Reimer 1966, Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1986 Navicula salinarum Grun. Navicula salinarum var. intermedia (Grun.) Cl. Navicula capitatoradiata Germain 1 Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1986 Navicula sanctae-crucis Østr. Navicula sanctaecrucis Østr. Fifth Workshop Navicula savannahiana Patr. Navicula schadei Krass. Navicula schoenfeldii Hust. Geissleria schoenfeldii (Hust.) lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin 3 Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin 1996 Navicula schroeteri var. escambia Patr. Navicula scutelloides W. Sm. ex Greg. Cavinula scutelloides (W. Sm.) Lange-Bertalot 1 Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin 1996 Navicula scutiformis Grun. Cavinula scutiformis (Grun. ex A.Schm.) Mann and Stickle 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula secreta var. apiculata Patr. Navicula secura Patr. Navicula seminuloides Hust. Navicula seminulum Grun. Sellaphora seminulum (Grun.) Mann 1 Mann 1989 Navicula seminulum var. intermedia Hust. not transferred yet Navicula similis Krass. Geissleria similis (Krass.) Lange-Bertalot and Metzeltin 3 Lange-Bertalot & Genkal 1998 Navicula sp. 1 ? Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 50 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR LCB Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR LEM Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR NA Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR NB Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR NC Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR NH Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR NHO Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR NI Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR NIC Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR NJ Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR NL Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR NP Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR NPE Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR NPS Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR NRP Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR NRT Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR NS Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR NSM Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR NSP Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR NSR Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR NT Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR SMPX Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR SRG Navicula sp. 1 ANS CWR SSB Navicula sp. 1 ANS HDSN Navicula sp. 1 ANS LLB Navicula sp. 1 ANS TAC SCTX Navicula sp. 1 ANS WRC Navicula sp. 10 ANS LLB Navicula sp. 107 PIRLA Navicula sp. 11 ANS LLB Navicula sp. 11 ANS WRC Navicula sp. 13 ANS WRC Navicula sp. 14 ANS WRC AM Navicula sp. 15 ANS WRC Navicula sp. 2 ? Navicula sp. 2 ANS CWR Navicula sp. 2 ANS LLB

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 51 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Navicula sp. 3 ANS CWR Navicula sp. 4 ANS LLB Navicula sp. 5 ANS LLB Navicula sp. 5 ANS WRC Navicula sp. 6 ANS LLB Navicula sp. 7 ANS LLB Navicula sp. 7 ANS WRC Navicula sp. 8 ANS LLB Navicula sp. 8 ANS WRC Navicula sp. 9 ANS LLB Navicula sparsistriata Hust. Navicula stroemii Hust. Navicula subarvensis Hust. Navicula subfasciata Patr. Navicula subhamulata Grun. Fallacia subhamulata (Grun.) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula subminuscula Mang. Navicula submolesta Hust. Craticula submolesta (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot 1 Metzeltin & Witkowski 1996 Navicula submuralis Hust. Navicula subrhyncocephala Hust. Navicula subtilissima Cl. Kobayasiella subtilissima (Cl.) Lange-Bertalot. 1 Lange-Bertalot & Genkal 1998 Navicula symmetrica Patr. Navicula tantula Hust. Navicula tenelloides Hust. Navicula tenera Hust. Fallacia tenera (Hust.) Mann 1 Round et al. 1990 Navicula tridentula Krass. Navicula tripunctata (O. F. Müll.) Bory Navicula tripunctata var. schizonemoides (V. H.) Patr. Navicula tugelae Choln. Navicula aff. kriegeri NAWQA MP Krasske (NADED # 93167) 1 M. Potapova thinks these are synonyms Navicula tuscula (Ehr.) Grun. Aneumastus tusculus (Ehr.) Mann and Stickle 1 Round et. al. 1990 Navicula utermoehlii Hust. Navicula vandamii Schoeman & Archibald Navicula canalis Patrick 1 Corr. Navicula viridula (Kütz.) Kütz. emend. V. H. Navicula viridula var. 1 ANS LLB Navicula viridula var. argunensis Skv. Navicula viridula var. avenacea (Breb. ex Grun.) V.H. Navicula lanceolata (Agardh) Ehrenberg 1 Corr. Navicula viridula var. linearis Hust. Navicula viridula var. rostellata (Kütz.) Cl.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 52 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Navicula vitabunda Hust. Navicula wallacei Reim. Navicula wildii Lange-Bert. Neidium affine (Ehr.) Pfitz. Neidium affine var. amphirhynchus (Ehr.) Cl. Neidium affine var. ceylonicum (Skv.) Reim. Neidium affine var. longiceps (Greg.) Cl. Neidium alpinum Hust. Neidium ampliatum (Ehr.) Kramm. Neidium apiculatum Reim. Neidium apiculatum var. constrictum Reim. Neidium binode (Ehr.) Hust. Neidium bisulcatum (Lagerst.) Cl. Neidium cf. clementoides REIMER Neidium cf. hankensis REIMER Skv. Neidium cf. hermanii REIMER Hust. Neidium dubium (Ehr.) Cl. Neidium dubium var. 1 ANS CWR NNE (Grun.) Cl. Neidium hankensis Skv. Neidium hercynicum A. Mayer Neidium hercynicum fo. subrostratum Wallace Neidium iridis (Ehr.) Cl. Neidium iridis var. ampliatum (Ehr.) Cl. Neidium ladogense var. densestriatum (Østr.) Foged Neidium productum (W. Sm.) Cl. Neidium sp. 1 ? Neidium sp. 1 ANS CWR Nitzschia accommodata Hust. Nitzschia acicularioides Hust. Nitzschia acicularis (Kütz.) W. Sm. Nitzschia acuta Hantz. ex. Cl. et Grun. Tryblionella acuta (Cl.) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Nitzschia aequorea Hust. Nitzschia aerophila Hust. Nitzschia bita Hohn et Hellerman 1 Corr. (*) Nitzschia agnita Hust. Nitzschia amphibia fo. frauenfeldii (Grun.) Lange-Bert. Nitzschia amphibia Grun. Nitzschia amphibioides Hust. Nitzschia angustata (W. Sm.) Grun.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 53 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Nitzschia angustatula Lange-Bert. Nitzschia aurariae Choln. Nitzschia bacilliformis Hust. Nitzschia bacillum Hust. Nitzschia bergii Cl.-Eul. Nitzschia biacrula Hohn & Hellerm. Nitzschia bita Hohn & Hellerm. Nitzschia brevissima Grun. in V. H. Nitzschia calida Grun. in Cl. et Grun. Tryblionella calida (Grun.) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Nitzschia capitellata Hust. Nitzschia capitellata var. siberica Skv. Nitzschia cf. aerophila CLASON Hust. Nitzschia cf. aerophila REIMER Hust. Nitzschia cf. archibaldii CODY Lange-Bert. Nitzschia cf. capitellata REIMER Hust. Nitzschia cf. flexa CLASON Schum. Nitzschia cf. frustulum var. perminuta Grun. Nitzschia cf. lacuum Lange-Bert. Nitzschia cf. legleri CODY Hust. Nitzschia cf. obsidialis REIMER Hust. Nitzschia cf. palea (Kütz.) W. Sm. Nitzschia cf. paleacea Grun. Nitzschia cf. plana REIMER W. Sm. Nitzschia cf. punctata var. coarctata REIMER Grun in Cl et Müll. Nitzschia cf. solita CLASON Hust. Nitzschia cf. sublineais REIMER Hust. Nitzschia cf. sundaensis Hust. Nitzschia cf. tarda REIMER Hust. Nitzschia cf. tubicola Grun. in Cleve & Grun. Nitzschia circumsuta (J. W. Bail.) Grun. Tryblionella circumsuta (Bailey) Ralfs 1 Round et. al. 1990 Nitzschia clausii Hantz. Nitzschia communis Rabh. Nitzschia commutata Grun. Nitzschia compressa (Baily) Boyer Nitzschia compressa var. vexans (Grun.) Lange-Bert. Nitzschia confinis Hust. Nitzschia constricta (Kütz.) Ralfs Tryblionella apiculata Greg. 1 Round et. al. 1990 Nitzschia constricta var. subconstricta Grun. in Cl. et Grun.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 54 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Nitzschia desertorum Hust. Nitzschia diserta Hust. Nitzschia dissipata (Kütz.) Grun. Nitzschia dissipata var. media (Hantz.) Grun. Nitzschia draveillensis Coste & Ricard Nitzschia dubia W. Sm. Nitzschia elegantula Grun. Nitzschia filiformis (W. Sm.) V. H. Nitzschia flexa Schum. Nitzschia flexoides Geitler Nitzschia fonticola Grun. Nitzschia fonticola var. pelagica Hust. Nitzschia frequens Hust. Nitzschia frustulum (Kütz.) Grun. Nitzschia frustulum var. perminuta Grun. Nitzschia inconspicua Grunow 1 Corr. Nitzschia frustulum var. subsalina Hust. Nitzschia frustulum (Kütz.) Grunow 1 Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1988 Nitzschia fruticosa Hust. Nitzschia geitleri Hust. Nitzschia gracilis Hantz. ex Rabh. Nitzschia gracilliformis Lange-Bert. & Simon. Nitzschia hantzschiana Rabh. Nitzschia heufleriana Grun. Nitzschia hungarica Grun. Tryblionella hungarica (Grun,) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Nitzschia incognita Leg. & Krass. Nitzschia inconspicua Grun. Nitzschia intermedia Hantz. ex Cl. et Grun. Nitzschia lacunarum Hust. Nitzschia lacuum Lange-Bert. Nitzschia lanceolata W. Sm. Nitzschia liebethruthii Rabh. Nitzschia linearis (Ag. ex W. Sm.) W. Sm. Nitzschia linearis var. subtilis Hust. Nitzschia linearis var. tenuis (W. Sm.) Grun. in Cl. et Grun. Nitzschia littoralis Grun. in Cl. et Grun. Tryblionella littoralis (Grun. in Cl & Grun.) Mann 1 Round et. al. 1990 Nitzschia lorenziana var. subtilis Grun. in Cl. et Grun. Nitzschia mediastalsis Hohn & Hellerm. Nitzschia microcephala Grun. Nitzschia nana Grun. in V. H.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 55 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Nitzschia normanii Grun. in V. H. Nitzschia obtusa var. scalpelliformis Grun. in Cl. et Möller Nitzschia obtusa W. Sm. Nitzschia palea (Kütz.) W. Sm. Nitzschia palea var. debilis (Kütz.) Grun. Nitzschia palea var. sumatrana Hust. Nitzschia palea var. tenuirostris Grun. Nitzschia paleacea Grun. in V. H. Nitzschia paleaeformis Hust. Nitzschia panduriformis var. continua Grun. in Cl. et Grun. Nitzschia panduriformis var. minor Grun. in Cl. et Grun. Nitzschia parvula W. Sm. Nitzschia pellucida Grun. Nitzschia phillipinarum Hust. Nitzschia pumila Hust. Nitzschia pura Hust. Nitzschia pusilla Grun. Nitzschia radicula var. rostrata Hust. Nitzschia rautenbachiae Choln. Nitzschia recta Hantz. ex Rabh. Nitzschia reversa W. Sm. Nitzschia rostellata Hust. Nitzschia sigma (Kütz.) W. Sm. Nitzschia sigmoidea (Nitz.) W. Sm. Nitzschia silicula Hust. Nitzschia siliqua Arch. Nitzschia similis Hust. Nitzschia sinuata var. delognei (Grun.) Lange-Bert. Nitzschia sinuata var. tabellaria (Grun.) Grun. in V.H. Nitzschia sociabilis Hust. Nitzschia solita Hust. Nitzschia sp. 1 ? Nitzschia sp. 1 ANS CWR Nitzschia sp. 1 ANS LLB Nitzschia sp. 1 ANS NAR USNK Nitzschia sp. 1 ANS WRC Nitzschia sp. 10 ANS WRC Nitzschia sp. 12 ANS WRC

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 56 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Nitzschia sp. 13 ANS WRC Nitzschia sp. 2 ? Nitzschia sp. 2 ANS LLB Nitzschia sp. 3 ANS LLB Nitzschia sp. 4 ANS LLB Nitzschia sp. 5 ANS LLB Nitzschia sp. 7 ANS WRC Nitzschia stagnorum (Rabh.) Grun. Nitzschia subacicularis Hust. Nitzschia subcommunis Hust. Nitzschia sublinearis Hust. Nitzschia subtilis Grun. Nitzschia supralitorea Lange-Bert. Nitzschia tarda Hust. Nitzschia terrestris (Peterson) Hust. Nitzschia thermalis Kütz. Nitzschia thermalis var. minor Hilse Nitzschia tropica Hust. Nitzschia tryblionella var. debilis (Arnott) Hust. Nitzschia tryblionella var. levidensis (W. Sm.) Grun. in Cl. et Grun. Tryblionella levidensis Wm. Sm. 1 Round et. al. 1990 Nitzschia tryblionella var. maxima Grun. in Cl. et Grun. Nitzschia tryblionella var. victoriae (Grun.) Grun. in Cl. et Möller Tryblionella victoriae Grun. 1 Round et. al. 1990 Nitzschia tubicola Grun. in Cl. et Grun. Nitzschia umbilicata Hust. Nitzschia valdestriata Aleem & Hust. Nitzschia vasta Hust. Nitzschia vermicularis (Kütz.) Hantz. in Rabh. Nitzschia vitrea Norman Opephora martyi Hérib. Martyana martyii (Hérib.) Round 3 Round et al. 1990 Opephora olsenii M Moller Peronia fibula (Bréb. ex Kütz.) Ross Pinnularia abaujensis (Pant.) Ross Pinnularia abaujensis var. linearis (Hust.) Patr. Pinnularia abaujensis var. rostrata (Patr.) Patr. Pinnularia abaujensis var. subundulata (A. Mayer ex Hust.) Patr. Pinnularia acrosphaeria (Bréb.) W. Sm. Pinnularia acrosphaeria var. 1 ANS CWR NI Pinnularia appendiculata (Ag.) Cl.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 57 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Pinnularia biceps fo. petersenii Ross Pinnularia biceps Greg. Pinnularia borealis Ehr. Pinnularia borealis var. rectangularis Carlson Pinnularia boyeri Patr. Pinnularia braunii (Grun.) Cl. Pinnularia braunii var. amphicephala (A. Mayer) Hust. Pinnularia brebissonii (Kütz.) Rabh. Pinnularia brebissonii var. diminuta (Grun.) Cl. Pinnularia cf. abaujensis var. subundulata REIME (A. Mayer ex Hust.) Patr. Pinnularia cf. kuetzingii CODY Kramm. Pinnularia cf. rivularis REIMER Hust. Pinnularia cf. subcapitata REIMER Greg. Pinnularia dactylus Ehr. Pinnularia divergens var. bacillaris (M. Perag.) Mills Pinnularia divergens W. Sm. Pinnularia divergentissima (Grun.) Cl. Pinnularia formica (Ehr.) Patr. Pinnularia gentilis (Donk.) Cl. Pinnularia ignobilis (Krass.) Cl-Eul. Pinnularia intermedia (Lagerst.) Cl. Pinnularia lata (Bréb.) Wm. Sm. Pinnularia latevittata Cl. Pinnularia legumen (Ehr.) Ehr. Pinnularia lundii Hust. Pinnularia macilenta (Ehr.) Ehr. Pinnularia maior (Kütz.) Rabh. Pinnularia maior var. pulchella Boyer Pinnularia mesogongyla Ehr. Pinnularia mesolepta (Ehr.) W. Sm. Pinnularia mesolepta var. robusta Foged Pinnularia microstauron (Ehr.) Cl. Pinnularia microstauron brebissonii Mayer Pinnularia brebissonii (Kütz.) Rabh. 1 Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1991 Pinnularia nodosa (Ehr.) W. Sm. Pinnularia obscura Krass. Pinnularia rupestris Hautz. Pinnularia ruttneri Hust.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 58 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Pinnularia sp. 1 ? Pinnularia sp. 1 ANS CWR Pinnularia sp. 1 ANS CWR NR Pinnularia sp. 1 ANS CWR SPN Pinnularia sp. 2 ? Pinnularia stomatophora (Grun.) Cl. Pinnularia subcapitata Greg. Pinnularia subcapitata var. paucistriata (Grun.) Cl. Pinnularia subgibba Kramm. Pinnularia substomatophora Hust. Pinnularia sudetica (Hilse) M. Perag. Pinnularia termitina (Ehr.) Patr. Pinnularia viridis (CAF) Pinnularia viridis (Nitz.) Ehr. Plagiotropis lepidoptera (Greg.) Kuntze Plagiotropis lepidoptera var. proboscidea (Cl.) Reim. Pleurosigma delicatulum W. Sm. Pleurosigma elongatum W. Sm. Pleurosigma salinarum Grun. Reimeria sinuata (Greg.) Kociolek & Stoermer Rhoicosphenia curvata (Kütz.) Grun. ex Rabh. Rhopalodia brebissonii Kramm. Rhopalodia gibba (Ehr.) O. Müll. Rhopalodia gibba var. ventricosa (Kütz.) H. & M. Perag. Rhopalodia gibberula (Ehr.) O. Müll. Rhopalodia gibberula var. vanheurckii O. Müll. Rhopalodia musculus (Kütz.) O. Müll. Rhopalodia operculata (C. Ag.) Hääkens. Rhopalodia rupestris (W. Sm.) Kramm. Simonsenia delognei (Grun.) Lange-Bert. Skeletonema potamos (Weber) Hasle Stauroneis agrestis Peters. Stauroneis anceps Ehr. Stauroneis anceps fo. americana Reim. Stauroneis anceps fo. gracilis Rabh. Stauroneis borrichii (Peters.) Lund Stauroneis cf. prominula REIMER (Grun. in Cl. et Müll.) Hust. Stauroneis cf. thermicola REIMER (Peters.) Lund

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 59 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Stauroneis ignorata Hust. Stauroneis ignorata var. rupestris (Skv.) Reim. Stauroneis kriegeri Patr. Stauroneis legumen (Ehr.) Kütz. Stauroneis livingstonii Reim. Stauroneis nobilis Schum. Stauroneis obtusa Lagerst. Stauroneis phoenicenteron (Nitz.) Ehr. Stauroneis phoenicenteron fo. gracilis (Ehr.) Hust. Stauroneis pseudosubobtusoides Germain Stauroneis smithii Grun. Stauroneis smithii var. incisa Pant. Stauroneis smithii var. sagitta (Cl.) Hust. Stauroneis sp. 1 ? Stauroneis sp. 1 ANS CWR Stauroneis sp. 1 ANS WRC Stauroneis spp. Stauroneis staurolineata Reim. Stauroneis tackei Kramm. & Lange-Bert. Stauroneis thermicola (Peters.) Lund Stauroneis thermicola var. lanceolata (Hust.) Hust. Stauroneis truncata Lund Stenopterobia densestriata (Hust.) Kramm. Stenopterobia intermedia (Lewis) V. H. Stephanodiscus agassizensis Hååkansson & Kling Stephanodiscus cf. agassizensis Hååkansson & Kling Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grun. Stephanodiscus medius Hååkansson Stephanodiscus minutulus (Kütz.) Cleve & Moller Stephanodiscus niagarae Ehr. Stephanodiscus parvus Stoerm. & Hååkansson Stephanodiscus sp. 1 ? Stephanodiscus sp. 2 ANS WRC Stephanodiscus sp.1 ANS LJM LINJ Stephanodiscus sp.1 JCK Stephanodiscus tenuis Hust. Stephanodiscus vestibulis Hakansson,Theriot,Stoermer Surirella alicula Hohn & Hellerm.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 60 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Surirella amphioxys W. Sm. Surirella angusta Kütz. Surirella biseriata Bréb. Surirella bohemica Maly Surirella brebissonii Kramm. & Lange-Bert. Surirella brightwellii W. Sm. Surirella cf. ovata var. africana CODY Choln. Surirella delicatissima Lewis Surirella elegans Ehr. Surirella guatimalensis Ehr. Surirella linearis var. constricta Grun. Surirella linearis W. Sm. Surirella minuta Bréb. Surirella ovalis Bréb. Surirella ovata var. africana Choln. Surirella ovata var. pinnata (W. Sm.) Brun Surirella robusta Ehr. Surirella robusta var. splendida fo. constricta Hust. Surirella sp. 1 ? Surirella sp. 1 ANS LLB Surirella sp. 1 ANS WRC AM Surirella spiralis Kütz. in Kramm. & L.B. Surirella stalagma Hohn & Hellerm. Surirella suecica Grun. in V. H. Surirella tenera Greg. Surirella tenera var. nervosa A. S. Synedra acus Kütz. Synedra amphicephala Kütz. Synedra amphicephala var. austriaca (Grun.) Hust. Synedra capitata Ehr. Synedra cf. amphicephala REIMER Kütz. Synedra cf. famelica REIMER Kütz. Synedra cyclopum Brutschy Synedra delicatissima var. angustissima Grun. Synedra delicatissima W. Sm. Synedra fasciculata (Ag.) Kütz. Tabularia tabulata (C.A. Ag.) Snoeijs 1 Snoeijs 1992 Synedra fasciculata var. truncata (Grev.) Patr. Tabularia fasciculata (Ag.) Williams & Round 1 Williams & Round 1986 Synedra filiformis var. exilis Cl.-Eul.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 61 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Synedra goulardi Bréb. Synedra incisa Boyer Synedra mazamaensis Sov. Synedra minuscula Grun. Synedra parasitica (W. Sm.) Hust. Synedra parasitica var. 1 ANS LLB Synedra parasitica var. subconstricta (Grun.) Hust. Synedra planktonica Hains & Sebring Synedra pulchella Ralfs ex Kütz. Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs ex Kutz.) Williams & Round 1 Williams & Round 1986 Synedra pulchella var. lacerata Hust. Synedra radians Kütz. Synedra rumpens Kütz. Synedra rumpens var. familiaris (Kütz.) Hust. Synedra rumpens var. fragilarioides Grun. Synedra rumpens var. meneghiniana Grun. Synedra socia Wallace Synedra sp. 1 ? Synedra sp. 1 ANS CWR LS Synedra sp. 1 ANS CWR NCR Synedra sp. 1 ANS CWR NV Synedra ulna (Nitz.) Ehr. Synedra ulna var. contracta Østr. Synedra ulna var. danica (Kütz.) V. H. Synedra ulna var. oxyrhynchus (Kütz.) V. H. Synedra ulna var. oxyrhynchus fo. mediocontracta (Fonti) Hust. Synedra ulna var. contracta Fifth workshop Synedra ulna var. ramesi (Hérib.) Hust. Tabellaria fenestrata (Lyngb.) Kütz. Tabellaria flocculosa (CAF) Tabellaria flocculosa (Roth) Kütz. Tabellaria flocculosa (strain IIIp) sensu Koppen Tabellaria flocculosa (strain IV) sensu Koppen Terpsinoe musica Ehr. Tetracyclus sp. 1 ANS USNK Tetracyclus sp. 2 ANS USNK Thalassiosira fluviatilis Hust. Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle & Heimdal Thalassiosira visurgis Hust. Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grun.) Fryxell & Hasle

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 62 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Name in 1994-start Taxa List New Name in 1997-start Taxa list Category Reference Und. diatom genera 1 ANS LLB (*) The taxon Nitzschia aerophila Hust. was previously changed to Tyblionella aerophila (Hustedt) Mann. However, M. Potapova discovered that Lange-Bertalot (1991) had mistakenly included pictures of Nitzschia bita Hohn et Hellerman under the common name N. aerophila. Since all NAWQA analysts have been using Lange-Bertalot (1991) as a base reference for the identification of N. aerophila (now T. aerophila), all records of N. aerophila should now be changed to N. bita.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 63 PATRICK CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH