Green Dragon Arisaema Dracontium

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

green dragon Arisaema dracontium Kingdom: Plantae FEATURES Phylum: Magnoliophyta The green dragon is a perennial plant that grows Class: Liliopsida from an underground corm. It does not have Order: Arales leaf‐bearing stems. The one leaf present grows from the base and is divided into as many as 17 smooth Family: Araceae leaflets. Flowers are clustered together at the base ILLINOIS STATUS of a cylindrical column, called a spadix, that is extended into a taillike yellow appendage, up common, native to seven inches long. The spadix is enveloped in a © Faye Frankland protective green sheath. Male and female flowers are sometimes on the same plant and sometimes on separate plants. No petals are present on the flower. The fruit is a red‐orange berry. Berries are clustered in thick heads. BEHAVIORS The green dragon may be found statewide in Illinois growing in woods. It flowers from mid‐April to late May. plant with flowers ILLINOIS RANGE leaves © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2020. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. © Faye Frankland © John Hilty fruits flowers in their sheath © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2020. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. © John Hilty leaf Aquatic Habitats bottomland forests Woodland Habitats bottomland forests; southern Illinois lowlands; upland deciduous forests Prairie and Edge Habitats none © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2020. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources..

Copy Link

Recommended publications

1 the Global Flower Bulb Industry
1 The Global Flower Bulb Industry: Production, Utilization, Research Maarten Benschop Hobaho Testcentrum Hillegom, The Netherlands Rina Kamenetsky Department of Ornamental Horticulture Agricultural Research Organization The Volcani Center Bet Dagan 50250, Israel Marcel Le Nard Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 29260 Ploudaniel, France Hiroshi Okubo Laboratory of Horticultural Science Kyushu University 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan August De Hertogh Department of Horticultural Science North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 29565-7609, USA COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL I. INTRODUCTION II. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES III. GLOBALIZATION OF THE WORLD FLOWER BULB INDUSTRY A. Utilization and Development of Expanded Markets Horticultural Reviews, Volume 36 Edited by Jules Janick Copyright Ó 2010 Wiley-Blackwell. 1 2 M. BENSCHOP, R. KAMENETSKY, M. LE NARD, H. OKUBO, AND A. DE HERTOGH B. Introduction of New Crops C. International Conventions IV. MAJOR AREAS OF RESEARCH A. Plant Breeding and Genetics 1. Breeders’ Right and Variety Registration 2. Hortus Bulborum: A Germplasm Repository 3. Gladiolus 4. Hyacinthus 5. Iris (Bulbous) 6. Lilium 7. Narcissus 8. Tulipa 9. Other Genera B. Physiology 1. Bulb Production 2. Bulb Forcing and the Flowering Process 3. Morpho- and Physiological Aspects of Florogenesis 4. Molecular Aspects of Florogenesis C. Pests, Physiological Disorders, and Plant Growth Regulators 1. General Aspects for Best Management Practices 2. Diseases of Ornamental Geophytes 3. Insects of Ornamental Geophytes 4. Physiological Disorders of Ornamental Geophytes 5. Exogenous Plant Growth Regulators (PGR) D. Other Research Areas 1. Specialized Facilities and Equipment for Flower Bulbs52 2. Transportation of Flower Bulbs 3. Forcing and Greenhouse Technology V. MAJOR FLOWER BULB ORGANIZATIONS A.
[Show full text]
Antiviral Activity of a Arisaema Tortuosum Leaf Extract and Some of Its Constituents Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2
Published online: 2020-01-22 Original Papers Antiviral Activity of a Arisaema Tortuosum Leaf Extract and Some of its Constituents against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Authors Massimo Rittà1*, Arianna Marengo 2*, Andrea Civra 1, David Lembo 1, Cecilia Cagliero 2, Kamal Kant 3,UmaRanjanLal3, Patrizia Rubiolo 2, Manik Ghosh 3, Manuela Donalisio 1 Affiliations Correspondence 1 Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Dr. Manik Ghosh University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, 2 Department of Drug Science and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology University of Torino, Torino, Italy Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Phone: + 916512276247, Fax: + 916512275401 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India [email protected] Key words Supporting information available online at Arisaema tortuosum ‑ , Araceae, HSV 2, antiviral activity, http://www.thieme-connect.de/products apigenin, luteolin ABSTRACT received July 18, 2019 revised December 19, 2019 Infections caused by HSV-2 are a public health concern world- accepted December 31, 2019 wide, and there is still a great demand for the discovery of novel anti-herpes virus agents effective against strains resis- Bibliography tant to current antiviral agents. In this context, medicinal DOI https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1087-8303 plants represent an alternative source of active compounds published online January 22, 2020 | Planta Med 2020; 86: for developing efficient antiviral therapies. The aim of this – 267 275 © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York | study was to evaluate the antiviral activity of Arisaema tortuo- ‑ ISSN 0032 0943 sum, a plant used in the traditional medicine of India.
[Show full text]
21. ARISAEMA Martius, Flora 14: 459. 1831
Fl. China 23: 43–69. 2010. 21. ARISAEMA Martius, Flora 14: 459. 1831. 天南星属 tian nan xing shu Li Heng (李恒 Li Hen), Zhu Guanghua (朱光华); Jin Murata Herbs with tuber or rhizome, paradioecious (sex depending on nutrition and therefore variable from one year to another). Tuber usually renewed seasonally and producing some tubercles around, these separated from old tuber at end of growth season. Rhizome usually cylindric, with many nodes, not renewed every year, usually preceding evergreen or wintergreen leaves. Roots usually growing at apex of tuber around cataphylls or at new nodes of rhizome. Cataphylls 3–5, herbaceous or membranous, surrounding basal part of shoot. Pseudostem consisting of basal cylindric part of petiole present or absent. Leaves 1–3, long petiolate; petiole usually mottled, stout, smooth or verrucose; leaf blade 3-foliolate, palmate, pedate, or radiate. Inflorescence borne with or before leaves, solitary, pedunculate, emerging from pseudostem in tuberous or some rhizomatous plants or separately from petiole and directly surrounded by cataphylls in some rhizomatous plants; peduncle (excluding part within pseudostem) erect, stout, usually shorter than or sometimes equaling or longer than petioles (excluding part forming pseudostem). Spathe tubular proximally, expanded limb distally, deciduous, withering or rarely semipersistent; throat of spathe tube often widely spreading outward, with or without an auricle on each side, margins of throat ciliate or not; spathe limb occasionally with a long tail at apex. Spadix sessile, unisexual or bisexual; bisexual spadix female proximally, male distally, neuter (sterile) flowers sometimes present on appendix; appendix variable in shape, base stipitate or not, apex sometimes ending in long filiform flagellum.
[Show full text]
PINELLIA, ARISAEMA, ACORUS, and TYPHONIUM by Subhuti Dharmananda, Ph.D., Director, Institute for Traditional Medicine, Portland, Oregon
PINELLIA, ARISAEMA, ACORUS, and TYPHONIUM by Subhuti Dharmananda, Ph.D., Director, Institute for Traditional Medicine, Portland, Oregon INTRODUCTION Pinellia, arisaema, acorus, and typhonium are Chinese herbs that all come from the Araceae family; they are the only members of this family that are used extensively in the Chinese medical system. Arisaema is the representative genus; in Chinese, the Araceae are known as the "tiannanxing" family, or the arisaema family. The underground portions (a corm-like rhizome) of each of the herbs are the parts used in medicine. All of these Chinese herbal medicines are characterized as being warming and phlegm-resolving. While each of the herbs have several uses, among the common applications is treatment of neurological disorders that are secondary to phlegm accumulation syndromes, such as epilepsy and post-stroke syndrome (see Table 1 for summary of actions and applications). The plants all produce toxic substances; some of these must be removed or counteracted by processing before using the medicinal part (in arisaema, pinellia, and typhonium). The leafy portions of all four plants, which are not used for internal medicine, are poisonous. TABLE 1: Summary of Actions and Sample Applications for the Araceae Herbs. The following information is obtained from Oriental Materia Medica (9), with slight editing of terms where it would clarify the meaning. Herbs Actions Applications harmonizes stomach, controls vomiting, cough and dyspnea, chest Pinellia vomiting, dries dampness, distention, stroke, phlegm-blockage
[Show full text]
Species List For: Valley View Glades NA 418 Species
Species List for: Valley View Glades NA 418 Species Jefferson County Date Participants Location NA List NA Nomination and subsequent visits Jefferson County Glade Complex NA List from Gass, Wallace, Priddy, Chmielniak, T. Smith, Ladd & Glore, Bogler, MPF Hikes 9/24/80, 10/2/80, 7/10/85, 8/8/86, 6/2/87, 1986, and 5/92 WGNSS Lists Webster Groves Nature Study Society Fieldtrip Jefferson County Glade Complex Participants WGNSS Vascular Plant List maintained by Steve Turner Species Name (Synonym) Common Name Family COFC COFW Acalypha virginica Virginia copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 2 3 Acer rubrum var. undetermined red maple Sapindaceae 5 0 Acer saccharinum silver maple Sapindaceae 2 -3 Acer saccharum var. undetermined sugar maple Sapindaceae 5 3 Achillea millefolium yarrow Asteraceae/Anthemideae 1 3 Aesculus glabra var. undetermined Ohio buckeye Sapindaceae 5 -1 Agalinis skinneriana (Gerardia) midwestern gerardia Orobanchaceae 7 5 Agalinis tenuifolia (Gerardia, A. tenuifolia var. common gerardia Orobanchaceae 4 -3 macrophylla) Ageratina altissima var. altissima (Eupatorium rugosum) white snakeroot Asteraceae/Eupatorieae 2 3 Agrimonia pubescens downy agrimony Rosaceae 4 5 Agrimonia rostellata woodland agrimony Rosaceae 4 3 Allium canadense var. mobilense wild garlic Liliaceae 7 5 Allium canadense var. undetermined wild garlic Liliaceae 2 3 Allium cernuum wild onion Liliaceae 8 5 Allium stellatum wild onion Liliaceae 6 5 * Allium vineale field garlic Liliaceae 0 3 Ambrosia artemisiifolia common ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 3 Ambrosia bidentata lanceleaf ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 4 Ambrosia trifida giant ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 -1 Amelanchier arborea var. arborea downy serviceberry Rosaceae 6 3 Amorpha canescens lead plant Fabaceae/Faboideae 8 5 Amphicarpaea bracteata hog peanut Fabaceae/Faboideae 4 0 Andropogon gerardii var.
[Show full text]
Rock Garden Quarterly
ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY VOLUME 55 NUMBER 2 SPRING 1997 COVER: Tulipa vvedevenskyi by Dick Van Reyper All Material Copyright © 1997 North American Rock Garden Society Printed by AgPress, 1531 Yuma Street, Manhattan, Kansas 66502 ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ROCK GARDEN SOCIETY VOLUME 55 NUMBER 2 SPRING 1997 FEATURES Life with Bulbs in an Oregon Garden, by Molly Grothaus 83 Nuts about Bulbs in a Minor Way, by Andrew Osyany 87 Some Spring Crocuses, by John Grimshaw 93 Arisaema bockii: An Attenuata Mystery, by Guy Gusman 101 Arisaemas in the 1990s: An Update on a Modern Fashion, by Jim McClements 105 Spider Lilies, Hardy Native Amaryllids, by Don Hackenberry 109 Specialty Bulbs in the Holland Industry, by Brent and Becky Heath 117 From California to a Holland Bulb Grower, by W.H. de Goede 120 Kniphofia Notes, by Panayoti Kelaidis 123 The Useful Bulb Frame, by Jane McGary 131 Trillium Tricks: How to Germinate a Recalcitrant Seed, by John F. Gyer 137 DEPARTMENTS Seed Exchange 146 Book Reviews 148 82 ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY VOL. 55(2) LIFE WITH BULBS IN AN OREGON GARDEN by Molly Grothaus Our garden is on the slope of an and a recording thermometer, I began extinct volcano, with an unobstructed, to discover how large the variation in full frontal view of Mt. Hood. We see warmth and light can be in an acre the side of Mt. Hood facing Portland, and a half of garden. with its top-to-bottom 'H' of south tilt• These investigations led to an inter• ed ridges.
[Show full text]
A Comparison of Size and Sexual Expression in Populations of Arisaema Macrospathum Benth
G. DIERINGER, L. CABRERA R., 2000 31 A comparison of size and sexual expression in populations of Arisaema macrospathum Benth. and A. dracontium (L.) Schott (Araceae) G. Dieringer and L Cabrera R. Department of Biological Sciences University of Texas at Brownsville Brownsville, TX 78520, USA ABSTRACT KEYWORDS The sexual expression or breeding sys Arisaema macrospathum, Araceae, sex tem for tropical populations of Arisaema ual expression, cloud forest, Mexico. macrospathum was compared with that of its temperate counterpart, A. dracontium. INTRODUCTION Although A. macrospathum populations Arisaema macrospathum Benth., A. are morphologically very similar to A. dra dracontium (L.) Schott and A. triphyllum contium, they differ markedly in sexual (L.) Schott are the three Arisaema species expression. Temperate populations of A. found in North America (Correll & John dracontium are andromonoecious, while ston, 1979; Gleason & Cronquist, 1991; those of A. macrospathum occurring in McVaugh, 1993). These perennial species cloud forest were found to bear only uni are distributed mostly in temperate regions sexual flowers, staminate or pistillate with from southern Canada (Ontario and Que monoecious individuals completely lack bec; Yang et aI., 1999) through the eastern ing. Male plants produced a mean of 42.7 United States and south into Mexico, par flowers/spadix while females produced a ticularly along the montane east coast mean of 60.9. For males, number of flow (Johnston et ai., 1989: McVaugh, 1993). Ar ers/spadix showed a significant, positive isaema dracontium and A. triphyllum relationship with plant size as measured have been the subject of a number of eco by basal stern diameter, but no relation logical and evolutionary studies (Bierzy ship was detected for females.
[Show full text]
A New Species and a New Combination of the Genus Arisaema (Araceae) from China
Phytotaxa 395 (4): 265–276 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.395.4.2 A new species and a new combination of the genus Arisaema (Araceae) from China ZHENG-XU MA1*, WEN-YAN DU1 & XIAO-YUN WANG2 1The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China Chaoyang School (Shaoyaoju), Beijing (Municipality) 100028, China. 2Nanyue College of Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, Hunan Province, China. 3Hold Chang Plastic Electronics (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518108, Guangdong Province, China. *Email of corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract A new species, Arisaema melanostomum, and a new combination, A. yunnanense subsp. quinquelobatum, are proposed, described and illustrated in this article. Keywords: Arisaema melanostomum, Arisaema sect. Flagellarisaema, Arisaema sect. Odorata, Arisaema yunnanense subsp. quinquelobatum Introduction The genus Arisaema Martius (1831: 459) (Araceae) contains 199 species (Bruggeman, 2016; Ma & Li 2017; Bruggeman, 2018), distributed mostly in temperate to tropical regions of eastern Asia-eastern Africa of the Old World and eastern North America-central Mexico of the New World. In China, the centre of its diversity and distribution is located in the Himalayas-Hengduan Mountains region (Li, 1980), to which 81 species and two varieties have been reported (Ma & Li 2017). According to Murata et al. (2013) and Ohi-Toma et al. (2016), the genus Arisaema is divided into 15 sections, supported by both phylogeny and morphology. In this article, a new combination of A. sect. Odorata J. Murata in Murata et al. (2013: 43) and a new species of A.
[Show full text]
Arisaema Anatinum, a New Species of Arisaema (Araceae) from NE India
Blumea 63, 2018: 147–149 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.11 Arisaema anatinum, a new species of Arisaema (Araceae) from NE India P. Bruggeman1 Key words Abstract Arisaema anatinum, a new species of Araceae belonging to section Arisaema is described from Arunachal Pradesh state in NE India, illustrated, and compared with related taxa. Arisaema Arunachal Pradesh Published on 26 September 2018 Eastern Himalaya new species INTRODUCTION TAXONOMY Arunachal Pradesh is located in the most easterly part of the Arisaema anatinum Brugg., sp. nov. — Plate 1 Indo-Himalayas. Owing to its geographic position, with Bhutan Most closely allied to A. elephas, A. wilsonii and A. dilatatum but differing to the west, Tibet to the north and the Chinese provinces of in having a convolute, oblong spathe blade, broadly ovate, shiny leaflets Sichuan and Yunnan to the east, Arunachal Pradesh forms a and a non-sigmoid appendix. — Type: M. Bhaumik 2502 (holo CAL), India, bridge between the Indo-Himalayan and Sino-Himalayan bio- Arunachal Pradesh State, Lower Dibang District, Mayodia, 2690 m a.s.l., geographical regions. The resulting flora shows the presence 21 Apr. 1999; P. Bruggeman PBR749 (para L, male and female in spirit, of species of both associated floras and is an important area prepared from cult.) to understand the biogeographic origins of species that inhabit Etymology. The species epithet, from the Latin adjective anatinus, of, or the Himalayas. As part of an ongoing survey of Arisaema from resembling a duck, refers to the bill-shaped spathe blade.
[Show full text]
History and Current Status of Systematic Research with Araceae
HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS OF SYSTEMATIC RESEARCH WITH ARACEAE Thomas B. Croat Missouri Botanical Garden P. O. Box 299 St. Louis, MO 63166 U.S.A. Note: This paper, originally published in Aroideana Vol. 21, pp. 26–145 in 1998, is periodically updated onto the IAS web page with current additions. Any mistakes, proposed changes, or new publications that deal with the systematics of Araceae should be brought to my attention. Mail to me at the address listed above, or e-mail me at [email protected]. Last revised November 2004 INTRODUCTION The history of systematic work with Araceae has been previously covered by Nicolson (1987b), and was the subject of a chapter in the Genera of Araceae by Mayo, Bogner & Boyce (1997) and in Curtis's Botanical Magazine new series (Mayo et al., 1995). In addition to covering many of the principal players in the field of aroid research, Nicolson's paper dealt with the evolution of family concepts and gave a comparison of the then current modern systems of classification. The papers by Mayo, Bogner and Boyce were more comprehensive in scope than that of Nicolson, but still did not cover in great detail many of the participants in Araceae research. In contrast, this paper will cover all systematic and floristic work that deals with Araceae, which is known to me. It will not, in general, deal with agronomic papers on Araceae such as the rich literature on taro and its cultivation, nor will it deal with smaller papers of a technical nature or those dealing with pollination biology.
[Show full text]
Chapter 24: Plant Reproduction and Response
Plant Reproduction 24 and Response 694 S ON CU O F TEKS 10B THE GREEN LEMONS For years, a California warehouse had stored freshly picked green lemons before they were shipped to market. The warehouse managers knew that the lemons would always be ripe and yellow Pollen grains from the common and ready to ship to market about five ragweed (SEM 1000∙) days after they arrived. Or so they thought. One year, for safety reasons, they decided to replace the warehouse’s kerosene heaters with modern electric ones. Then, much to their surprise, when they began to pack their first shipment of five-day-old lemons, they had to stop. The fruit they expected to ship were still a bright, and very unripe, green. All the lemons had been grown under similar conditions. A variable had changed after the lemons were harvested, and the lemons had failed to ripen. What could it have been? Look for clues in this chapter to the mystery of the still- green lemons. Then, solve the mystery. Never Stop Exploring Your World. Finding the solution to The Green Lemons mystery is only the beginning. Take a video field trip with the ecogeeks of Untamed Science to see where this mystery leads. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills READINESS TEKS: 10B Describe the interactions that occur among systems that perform the functions of transport, reproduction, and response in plants. SUPPORTING TEKS: 5B Examine specialized cells, including roots, stems, and leaves of plants; and animal cells such as blood, muscle, and epithelium. 12B Compare variations and adaptations of organisms in different ecosystems.
[Show full text]
Jack‐In‐The‐Pulpit Arisaema Triphyllum Plant with Spathe Ripe Fruit
Jack‐in‐the‐pulpit Arisaema triphyllum Kingdom: Plantae FEATURES Division: Magnoliophyta The Jack‐in‐the‐pulpit, or Indian turnip, is a Class: Liliopsida perennial plant that grows from an underground Order: Arales corm. It does not have leaf‐bearing stems. The one or two leaves present grow from the base of the Family: Araceae plant and may reach more than one foot tall. Each ILLINOIS STATUS leaf is divided into three leaflets that are smooth and without teeth around the edges. The flowers common, native lack petals and are clustered together at the base of © Tracy Evans a cylindrical column, called a spadix. The spadix is covered by a leaflike structure that encircles it and arches over the top. This structure, called a spathe, may be green, purple or purple striped. This arrangement is how the common name of the plant was derived (the “Jack” or preacher in his covered pulpit). The fruit is a red berry. BEHAVIORS The Jack‐in‐the‐pulpit may be found statewide in Illinois. It grows in woods. The Jack‐in‐the‐pulpit flowers in April and May. plant with spathe ILLINOIS RANGE unripe fruit © Faye Frankland ripe fruit © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2020. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. © John Hilty plant with spathe and spadix © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2020. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. © John Hilty leaflet © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2020. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources.
[Show full text]