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By TAHIYA MCCOY NYAHUMA (10175875)

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By TAHIYA MCCOY NYAHUMA (10175875) University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh Engendering National Public Policy through Global Governance: An Assessment of Ghana’s Domestic Violence Legislation as a Trans-Sovereign Transnational Issue By TAHIYA MCCOY NYAHUMA (10175875) THIS THESIS IS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON IN FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) POLITICAL SCIENCE DEGREE MARCH, 2015 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DECLARATION i University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DEDICATION TO MY FAMILY FOR THEIR GENEROUS, KIND, LOVING SUPPORT OF ALL OF MY LIFE ENDEAVORS AND THROUGHOUT MY ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL CAREER I dedicate this to my parents the Late Edward S. McCoy and the Late L. Mae McCoy for their love and for passing their belief in lifelong learning to me; I dedicate this to my husband, Dr. Mujahid B.W. Nyahuma for his unconditional love and for supporting my dream of completing the Ph D degree at the University of Ghana, Legon; I dedicate this to my children Jawanza Nyahuma and Naledi Nyahuma for their precious love, encouragement and undaunting belief in their mother. ii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ACKNOWLEGEMENTS I want to thank the University of Ghana, Legon for the unique and academically rewarding opportunity to undertake my studies for the Ph. D. in the Department of Political Science. During my studies, I met and studied with some of the most renowned academicians starting with the Chair of my Dissertation Advisory Committee, Emeritus Professor Kwame A. Ninsin. Professor Ninsin set the bar high and demanded excellence. His reviews were meticulous and provided critical analysis of my work, which aided me in completing the rigorous requirements for the writing of the dissertation. He helped to chart my journey and guided me to stay on course. I thank the other members of my supervisory committee, Professor Akosua Adomako Ampofo, Director of the Institute of African Studies for her guidance and academically stimulating lectures; and Dr. Maame Gyekye-Jandoh, Lecturer, Department of Political Science, for her support and direction. I am grateful for the early guidance I received as I embarked on my studies at the University from Professors J.R.A. Ayee, former Dean of the Faculty of Social Studies and Professor Takyiwaa Manuh former Director of the Institute of African Studies. I was privileged to participate in a graduate research course offered by Professor Wisdom Tettey, a graduate of the University of Ghana and visiting Lecturer from Calgary University, Alberta, Canada. The class provided stimulating discussion each week. I am grateful for the opportunity to have participated in lectures conducted by Professor Akosua Adomako Ampofo and Dr. Deborah Atobrah at the Institute of African Studies, where some of the most interesting classes and lectures take place iii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh daily. I am also appreciative for the assistance given by Mr. Kwesi Jonah during his tenure as Head of the Department of Political Science. There is nothing more academically rewarding and culturally exciting than an event at the Great Hall. I was privileged to attend the Inaugural Lectures of Professors Takyiwaa Manuh and Akosua Adomako Ampofo, as well as, other lectures at the Great Hall, with such notables as the President of Liberia, Her Excellency Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, the former Secretary General of the United Nations, His Excellency Kofi Annan, now the Chancellor of the University of Ghana, Legon, and Professor Emeritus Jacob U. Gordon, Kwame Nkrumah Chair in African Studies. I appreciate the historic Balme Library. The new Research Commons is beautiful and well equipped. It became my oasis for quiet thinking, studying and writing. So many of the administrative and support staff helped me over the years as I struggled to learn my way around campus, to learn the processes and procedures and to overcome the “outsider” feeling. Thank you Mrs. Rose Kwabi, Mr. Samuel Kwesi Odoom, Mrs. Mildred Acheampong and a special thank you to Mr. Godfried K. Mantey and Mr. Daniel Nii Noi. I am especially grateful for the many men and women in Ghana, representing governmental ministries, departments and agencies, and NGOs/CSOs, working for the human rights of all persons and the ending of violence against women, specifically domestic violence. Thank you for allowing me to conduct extensive interviews with you for this research project. I am also grateful to the panelists and participants of the International Teleconference: “Women Impact Global and National Governance through International Dialogue: A Focus on Domestic Violence”. The conference was convened to collect qualitative data on the impact of the United iv University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh Nations four World Conferences on Women on global and national public policy. The panelists were from Ghana, Liberia, Korea, and the United States. I thank all of them for an informative exchange of information and ideas and direction for the future. Densua Mumford is to be commended for her assistance in transcribing both the interview manuscripts and the conference proceedings. So many others helped me along the way and still others welcomed me into their homes. I extend a special thank you to Christiana Edusei, Professor Kwame Gyekye, Professors Thomas and Maxine Kumekpor. I was blessed to be looked after by special people and to live with some wonderful families who took great care of me, thank you Mawuko Jeffery Wilson and his mother Mrs. Bertha Nyatuame, Dr. Daniel B. Etse and Mrs. Evelyn Etse, Carla Denizard, Marie Claire, Naana Kittoe Maneful; and the family I lived with as I completed the last stages of my research and writing, Edith Arnong and Sika Antwi, and my “Ghana son”, Dale David Antwi. I thank them for saying, “I will always have a place in their home”. I thank Helen Akuley, who became my Mother and a forever friend and whose home in Tema I could retreat to whenever I needed, thank you! I am grateful for the love and respect of my “Ghana daughter” Naya Adoo and by “Ghana Goddaughter” Ruth Quaye, both brilliant young women who are also graduates of the University of Ghana, Legon. To my brothers Ronald E. McCoy and Wayne DeValle McCoy, and sister-in-law Cleanise McCoy thank you, a special thank you to my big sister Diane McCoy Lackey who helped in any way she could. I thank you all for your support and for checking on my husband and children during my stays in Ghana. DeValle thank you especially for those weekly emails of v University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh encouragement. Thank you to a special family friend Tiffany Harrison for being a part of the family. I thank you dear special friends Ismail Abdul Hamid and Derise Sharod and special friend Yvette Taylor Hachoose. The Beijing Marco Polo Group thank you for your encouragement and to my book club, Shades of Wisdom, I will be able to read books with you again! Again, I thank the University of Ghana, Legon, for the opportunity to pursue my Ph. D. degree and I appreciate the education I received in your great halls of knowledge!!!! vi University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ACRONYMS AAWORD The Association for African Women for Research and Development AU African Union CPP Convention People’s Party CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women CODESRIA Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa CSOs Civil Society Organizations CSW (UN) Commission on the Status of Women DV Coalition National Coalition on Domestic Violence Legislation DOVVSU Domestic Violence and Victim Support Unit ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States FBOs Faith Based Organizations FIDA International Federation of Women Lawyers GVSSN Gender Violence Survivors Support Network IGOs Intergovernmental Organizations ILO International Labour Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IWTC International Women’s Tribune Center MDGs Millennium Development Goals MOWAC Ministry of Women and Children Affairs MP Member of Parliament vii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh NAM Non-Aligned Movement NCWD National Council on Women and Development NDC National Democratic Congress NEPAD New Economic Partnership for African Development NETRIGHT Network for Women's Rights NGO Non-Governmental Organization NPP New Patriotic Party NRC National Redemption Council OAU Organization of African Unity PNDC Provisional National Defense Council SAP Structural Adjustment Programme UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNCTAD UN Conference on Trade and Development VAW Violence Against Women WB World Bank WID Women in Development WILDAF Women in Law and Development in Africa WISE Women's Initiative for Self-Empowerment WTO World Trade Organization viii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh LIST OF FIGURES/TABLES Figure 1.1 Conceptual Framework Schematic …………….…………...…… p. 17 Table 4.1 NGOs/CSOs and National Machineries That Address Gender Equity, Gender Equality and Domestic Violence……………………….… pp.145-146 ix University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh Table of Contents Page Declaration ………………………………………………………………….. i Dedication ………………………………………………………………….. ii Acknowledgement ………..………………………………………………………….. iii Acronyms …………….…………………………………………………….. vii List of Figures/Tables ………………………………………………………………….. ix Table of Content ……….………………………………………….………………. x Abstract …………………………………………………………………… xv Chapter One 1.0 Introduction and Conceptual Framework …………………….…………… 1 1.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………. 1 1.2 Conceptual Framework …………………………………………………. 4 1.2.1 Independent Variables …………………………………………………. 5 1.2.1.1 Global Governance and Global Public Policy …………………………. 5 1.2.1.2 Non Governmental Organizations as Transnational Actors …………………… 7 1.2.2 Intervening Variables .…………………………………………………………. 9 1.2.2.1 Failed and Collapsing States: Political Economy of Post-Colonial Africa …… 9 1.2.2.2 “Third Wave” of Democratization in Africa …………………………………. 12 1.2.3 Dependant Variable ………………………...................................................... 15 1.2.3.1 National Public Policy – Domestic Violence Act 732 (2007) ……………… 15 1.3 Statement of Problem …………………………………………………………. 18 1.3.1 Research Questions …………………………………………………………..
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