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Complementary & Alternative Medicine for Mental Health

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Complementary & Alternative Medicine for Mental Health ©2016 Mental Health America Updated April 8, 2016 TREATMENTS Click on any item to go directly to the summary CDP choline Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (fish oil) Chromium Rhodiola Cranial Electrical Stimulation St. John’s wort DHEA and 7-keto DHEA S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAM-e) Folate Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Ginkgo biloba Tryptophan/5-HTP Inositol Valerian Kava (Piper methysticum) Wellness Meditation Yoga Melatonin LIST OF CONDITIONS, INCLUDING SIDE EFFECT RISK LEVELS = GENERALLY SAFE = MINOR TO MAJOR SIDE EFFECTS = CAUTION ADVISED Click on GO to go directly to the summary for that item DEPRESSION Chromium for atypical depression GO> Cranial Electrical Stimulation for depression GO> DHEA and 7-keto DHEA for depression and bipolar disorder GO> Folate for depression and to enhance the effectiveness of conventional antidepressants GO> Inositol for depression GO> Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (fish oil) for mood stabilization and depression and to enhance the effectiveness of conventional antidepressants GO> Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea) for mild to moderate depression GO> St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) for mild to moderate depression GO> S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAM-e) for depression and to enhance the effectiveness of conventional anti-depressants GO> Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for depression GO> Tryptophan/5-HTP for depression and to enhance the effectiveness of conventional antidepressants GO> Wellness GO> Yoga for depression and schizophrenia GO> ANXIETY, STRESS, PANIC DISORDER, AND OTHER CONDITIONS Cranial Electrical Stimulation for anxiety GO> Inositol for panic disorder GO> Kava (Piper methysticum) for anxiety and stress GO> Meditation for all forms of stress GO> Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea) for stress GO> Tryptophan/5-HTP for anxiety GO> Wellness GO> CAM and Mental Health Return to Table of Contents Yoga for anxiety, PTSD and ADHD GO> SLEEP DISORDERS Cranial Electrical Stimulation for sleep disorders GO> Melatonin for jet lag and sleep disorders GO> Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) for sleep disorders GO> Wellness GO> NEUROPROTECTION CDP choline as a possible neuroprotectant GO> Folate as a possible neuroprotectant GO> Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) as a possible neuroprotectant GO> Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (fish oil) as a possible neuroprotectant GO> Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea) as a possible neuroprotectant GO> S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAM-e) as a possible neuroprotectant GO> Wellness GO> CAM and Mental Health Return to Table of Contents MENTAL HEALTH AMERICA CAM FOR MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS (2012) A COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH TO COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT FOR MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS 12 1 Although some of the sources are later in time, reflecting publication in 2013, the information in this outline is current as of December, 2012. Mental Health America cannot and does not undertake any obligation to keep the information current after that date. 2 WIKICITATION: MHA does not have the resources to exhaustively check all citations and cross-references in this outline, and new evidence may make existing citations obsolete at any time. Accordingly, readers are encouraged to correct citations and update information on the listed treatments by sending e-mail to [email protected]. CAM and Mental Health Return to Table of Contents CONTENTS MIND-BODY MEDICINE WELLNESS: LIVE YOUR LIFE WELL BIOLOGICALLY-BASED PRACTICES MOOD DISORDER TREATMENTS chromium for atypical depression DHEA and 7-keto DHEA for depression and bipolar disorder – CAUTION ADVISED folate for depression and to enhance the effectiveness of conventional antidepressants inositol for depression omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (fish oil) for mood stabilization and depression and to enhance the effectiveness of conventional antidepressants rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea) for mild to moderate depression S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAM-e) for depression and to enhance the effectiveness of conventional anti-depressants St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) for mild to moderate depression tryptophan/5-HTP for depression and to enhance the effectiveness of conventional antidepressants CAM and Mental Health Return to Table of Contents ANXIETY TREATMENTS kava (Piper methysticum) for anxiety and stress -- CAUTION ADVISED inositol for panic disorder rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea) for stress tryptophan/5-HTP for anxiety SLEEP DISORDER TREATMENTS melatonin for jet lag and sleep disorders valerian (Valeriana officinalis) for sleep disorders COGNITION DISORDER TREATMENTS CDP choline as a possible neuroprotectant Folate and other B vitamins as a possible neuroprotectant ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) as a possible neuroprotectant omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (fish oil) as a possible neuroprotectant rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea) as a possible neuroprotectant S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAM-E) as a possible neuroprotectant ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC FIELD TREATMENTS Cranial Electrical Stimulation for substance use rehabilitation, depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for depression CAM and Mental Health Return to Table of Contents MIND-BODY TREATMENTS yoga for depression, anxiety, PTSD, ADHD, and schizophrenia meditation for all depression, anxiety, and PTSD ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This outline has been developed by Mental Health America (MHA) from the principal available evidence-based sources of information concerning “complementary,” “alternative,” “integrative,” “natural,” and often self-administered treatments for mental health conditions. Mental Health America acknowledges the generous assistance of David Mischoulon, M.D., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, who has reviewed the manuscript, but who bears no responsibility for the information, which is derived mainly from published sources. Syntheses and evaluations of the information by MHA are its responsibility alone. MHA also bears complete responsibility for its decisions to shorten and redraft descriptions of information from the sources. Only quoted text should be presumed to be verbatim. SOURCES MHA began with the limited information accepted by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality CAM and Mental Health Return to Table of Contents (AHRQ), at the National Institutes of Health1 and added the information contained in ten recent compilations of “complementary and alternative medicine” (hereinafter CAM) for mental health disorders: (1) Dr. Mischoulon’s Natural Medications for Psychiatric Disorders: Considering the Alternatives, co-edited with Jerrold F. Rosenbaum, M.D. (also of Harvard Medical School) (2002/2008),2 (2) How to Use Herbs, Nutrients & Yoga in Mental Health Care, by Richard P. Brown, M.D. (of Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons), Patricia L. Gerbarg, M.D. (of New York Medical College), and Philip R. Muskin, M.D. (of Columbia as well) (2009) (“Brown et al.”) ,3 preceded in 2004 by Brown, R.P. and Gerbarg, P.L., The Rhodiola Revolution4 and supplemented in 2012 by Non-drug Treatments for ADHD, by Brown, R.P. and Gerbarg, P.L.,5 and The Healing Power of the Breath, by Brown, R.P. and Gerbarg, P.L.,6 and in 2013 by Muskin, Gerbarg and Brown’s latest distillation, Complementary and Integrative Therapies for Psychiatric Disorders (“Brown et al. II”)7 [For the purpose of counting, the foregoing five books are treated as a single source], (3) The seminal article, “Dietary Supplements and Natural Products as Psychotherapeutic Agents,” by Adriane Fugh-Berman, M.D. (of Georgetown Medical School) and Jerry M. Cott, Ph.D. (of the National Institutes of Health) (1999),8 (4) Complementary and Alternative Treatments in Mental Health Care, By James H. Lake, M.D. (clinical assistant professor in the department of psychiatry and behavioral science at Stanford and visiting assistant professor of medicine at the Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Arizona School of Medicine) and David Spiegel, M.D.,9 (5) relevant portions of the Natural Standard Herb and Supplement Guide (2010 edition),10 (6) relevant portions of Berkeley Wellness Reports – Dietary Supplements (2010 and 2011 editions, University of California),11 (7) relevant portions of Consumer Reports, “Dangerous Supplements,” published by Consumers Union, September, 2010, at p. 16-20 (2010),12 (8) relevant portions of The Mayo Clinic Guide to Alternative Medicine 2011, published by Time Home Entertainment, Inc. (2010),13 (9) the compendium by Iovieno, N., Dalton, E. D., Fava, M. & Mischoulon, D., “Second-tier Natural Antidepressants: Review and Critique” (2011),14 and (10) Director of the Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Arizona School of Medicine and bestselling CAM and integral health advocate Andrew Weil, M.D.’s relevant book, Spontaneous Happiness (2011).15 CAM and Mental Health Return to Table of Contents Although not treated as a source, except for the chapter on yoga and meditation, MHA has benefitted enormously by guidance from James S. Gordon, M.D., a psychiatrist who runs the Center for Mind-Body Medicine in Washington, D.C., and the nuanced approach to recovery from mental health conditions that he advocates in Unstuck,16 which describes recovery as a spiritual path. The quest for mental wellness and recovery from mental and emotional setbacks is fundamental to everyone’s path in life. Any search for insight into one’s life
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