DOCSLIB.ORG

Reflection and Sentantics in Lisp Brian Cantwell Smith XEROX Pale

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reflection and Sentantics in Lisp Brian Cantwell Smith XEROX Pale Reflection and Sentantics in Lisp Brian Cantwell Smith XEROX Pale Alto Research Center 3333 Coyote Hill Road. Pale Alto. CA 94304; and Center for the Study of l.anguage and Information Stantbrd University. Stanlbrd. CA 94305 and continuation char;wtcrising the state of the computation at 1. Introduction that pui,~t. Thus, such constructs as ttmow and C,~TCII, which l"or three reasons, bi.';p's self-refi;rential properl.ies have not must otherwise be providt,d primitively, can in 3-Lisp be easily led to a general un(h:rst.auding of what it is fro" a cmuputational defined a:; user procedures (and defined, furthermore, in code system to reason, in substantial way~, about its; owe operations that is ~,!most isomorphic to the ~-calculus. equations one a,ul structures. First., there is more to reasoning than reference; normally writes, in the metalal'$,3~a!,'c, to describe them). And one also needs a theory, in terms of which to make .,~ense of the all this can be dolte wilhout writing the entire program in a referenced domain. A comln, ter system able to reason about centinuation-pas:;iz~g :~tyle, o!' the sort illu,;trated in [Steele it.:;elf- what I will call a reflective system -- will therefore 197til. The point is no!. to decide at the outset what should and need an account of itself embedded within it. Second, there what should not be explicit (in Steele's example, continuations most he a systematic relationship between that embedded must be passed arouml explicitly from the hcgim, ing). Rather, account and the system it describes. Without such a connection, the retlective architecture provides a method of making some the account would be useless -- as disconnected an the words of aspects of the computation explicit, right in the midst of a a haple~;s drunk who carries on about the evils of inebriation, computation, even if they were implicit a moment earlier. It without reali~iug that his story applies to himself. Tl'aditional provides a mech'mism, in other wo~'ds, of reaching up and embeddiugs of IAsp in Lisp are inadequate in just this way; they "pulling information out of the sky" when unexpected provide no means for the implicit state of the Lisp process to he circumstances warrant it, without having to worry about it reflected, moment by moment, in the explicit terms of the otherwise. embecbled account. Tlaird, a reflective system nmst be given an The overall claim is that retlection is simple to build on a appropriate vantage point at which to stand, far enough away to semantically sound hase, where 'semantically sound' means have itself in focus, and yet close enough to see the important more than that the semantics be earefl~lly formulated. Rather, I details. assume throughout that computational structures have a This paper presents a general architecture, called semantic significance that transcends their behavioural import procedurcd refh'ctio,, to support sell'directed reosoning in a -- or, to put this another way, that cmnputatinnal structures are serial programming lmaguage. Tim architecture, illustrated in a about something, over anti above the effects they have on the revamped dialect called 3-Lisp, solves all three problems with a systems they inhabit. Lisp's Nft. for example, not only single mechanism. The basic idea is to define an infinite tower ev~tluates to itself forever, but also (and somewhat of procedural self-nmdels, very much like mctacircular independently) stands for Falsehood. A reconstruction of Lisp interpreters [Steele and Sussman 1978b], except connected to semantics, therefore, must deal explicitly with both declarative each other in a simple but critical way. In such an architecture, and procedural ospects of the overall significance of any aspect of a procc~s's state that can be described in terms of computational structures. This distinction is different from One theory can be rendered explicit, in program accessihle (though I will coutrast it with) the distinction between structures. Furthermore, as we will see, this apparently infinite operalional and denotational semantics. It is a reconstruction architecture can be finitely implemented. has boca developed within a view that programming languages The architecture allows the user to define complex are properly to be understood in the same theoretical terms used programming constructs {such as escape operators, deviant to analyse not only other computer languages, but even natural variableqmssing protocols, and dehugging primitives), by writing languages. direct analogues of those metalinguistie semantical expressions This approach forces us to distinguish between a structure's that would normally be used to describe them. As is always wdue and what it returns, and to discriminate entities, like true in semantics, the metatheoretie descriptions must be numerals and numbers, that are isomorphic but not identical phrased in terms of some particular set of concepts; in this case (both instances of the general intellectual hygiene of avoiding I have used a theory of Lisp ba:;ed on environments and use/mention errors). Lisp's basic notion of evaluation, I will continuations. A 3-Lisp program, therefore, at any point during argue, is confused in this regard, and should be replaced with a computation, can obtain representations of the environment independent notions of designation and simplification. The result is illustrated in a semantically rationalised dialect, called Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted 2-Lisp, based on a simplifying (designation-preserving) term- provided that the copi~ are not made or distributed for direct reducing processor. The point of defining 2-Lisp is that the commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the reflective 3-Lisp can be very simply defined on top of it, whereas publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by defining a reflective version of a non-rationalised dialect would permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy be more cmnplicated and more difficult to understand. otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. The strategy of presenting a general architecture by developing a concrete instance of it was selected on the grounds that a gemfine theory of reflection (perhaps analogous to the theory of rccursion) would be difficult to motivate or defend © 1983 ACM 0-89791-125-3/84/001/0023 $00.75 without taking this first, more pragtnatic, step. In section lO, 23 however, we will sketch a general "recipe" for adding reflective capabilities to any serial language; 3-Lisp is the result of applying this conversion process to the non-reflective 2-Lisp. It is sometimes said that there are only a few con'~truc~.s fi'om which languages are a,~sembled, ihcluding for example predicates, terms, functions, composition, recursion, abstraction, a branching eulnctor, end quantification. Though differellt from Ihe:~e notions (and not definable iJ~ terms of them), reflection is perhaps best viewed as a preposed addition to that family. Given this view, it is helpfid to understand relleci.ion by Figure l : A Serial Medel of Cemputation comparing it, ia particular, with L'ecursion -- a construct with | which it shares many features. Specifically, recursion can seem causal relationship, htrtherinore, must go both ways: fi'om event viciously circldar to the uninitiated, and can lead to confused to description, and from description back to event. (It is as if we implementations if poorly understood. The mathematical theory were creating a magic kingdom, where fl'om a cake you could ef recursion, however, underwrites our ability to usa reeursion automatically get a recipe, and from a recipe you could in programmiug languages without doubting its fundamental automatically get a cake.) In mathematical cases of self- soundness (in thct, for many programmers, without reference, including both self-referential statements, and models understanding much about the formal theory at all). Reflective of syntax and proof theory, there is of course no causation at all, systems, similarly, initially seem viciously circular (or at least since there is no temporality or behaviour (mathematical infinite), and are difficult to implement without an adequate systems don't run). Causation, however, is certainly part of any understanding. The intent of this paper, however, is to argue reflective agent. Suppose, for example, that you capsize while that reflection is as well-tamed a concept as recursion, and canoeing through dit/icult rapids, and swim to the shore to potentially as efficient to use. Tim long.range goal is not to figure out what you did wrong. You need a description of what force programmers to understand the intricacies of designing a you were doing at the moment the mishap occurred; merely reflective dialect, but rather to enable them to use reflection and having a name for yoursell, or even a general description of recursion with equal abandon. yourself, would be usele~. Also, your thinking must be able to have some effect; no good will come from your merely 2. Motivating Intuitions contemplating.a wonderful theory of an improved you. As well Before taking up technical details, it will help to lay out as stepping back and being able to think about your behaviour, seme motivations and assumptions. First, by 'reflection' in its in ether words, you must also be able to take a revised theory. most general sense, I mean tire ability of an agent to reason not and "dive back in under it", adjusting your behaviour so as to only introspectively, about its self and internal thought satisfy the new account. And finally, we mentioned that when processes, but ~.lso externally, about its behaviour and situation you take the step backwards, to reflect, you need a place to in the world.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • God, Approximately, by Brian Cantwell Smith
    God, Approximately • 4 Brian Cantwell Smith* Preamble Consider the rise of the religious right: Muslim and Hindu fundamentalism, right-wing Zionism, the Christian moral majority. These movements are re- sponding to—and exploiting—a widespread social hunger: a sense that reign- ing secular, scientific, and capitalist world views don’t supply what matters: ways to tell right from wrong, guidance to anchor individual lives and give them meaning, the wherewithal to resolve ethical dilemmas. I find many of the fundamentalists’ answers appalling: bigoted, mean- spirited, scary. But what are those of us on the left—we scientists, we intellec- tuals, we in the academy—doing about this heartfelt lack? If we don’t recog- nise (and respond to) the yearning—if, willfully or unwittingly, we remain blind to the hunger—then we have no leg to stand on, in criticising others' replies. What we need are better answers: frameworks to stir compassion, give meaning to lives, combat prejudice, secure a modicum of economic well- being, preserve the planet. These frameworks must be global; it is too late for parochial sectarianism. And they must build on the best in science. We need to move forwards, not back. This talk is offered as a step in that direction. (A note to those who are allergic to religious language: you have my sympathy. In fact you almost have my company. But I have come to believe that the questions *Cognitive Science, Computer Science, and Philosophy Comments welcome Indiana University, Bloomington, in 47405 use [email protected] Copyright © 1998 Brian Cantwell Smith Version of November 24, 1998 Note: Several different versions of this paper—or rather, different papers with the title “God, Approximately”—have been presented over the past year.
    [Show full text]
  • The Foundations of Computing
    Draft: version 0,94 (b) Not for distribution, citation, or … Comments welcome The Foundations of Computing Brian Cantwell Smith* Computer and Cognitive Science Departments Indiana University, Bloomington, in 47405 usa Will computers ever be conscious? Is it appro- 1. Empirical: It must do justice to computa- priate—correct, illuminating, ethical—to un- tional practice (e.g., be capable of explaining derstand people in computational terms? Will Microsoft Word: the program, its construc- quantum, dna, or nanocomputers radically alter tion, maintenance, and use); our conception of computation? How will com- 2. Conceptual: It must discharge all intellectual puting affect science, the arts, intellectual his- debts (e.g., to semantics), so that we can un- tory? derstand what it says, where it comes from, I have never known how to answer these what it costs; and questions, because I have never been sure what computation is. More than twenty-five years 3. Cognitive: It must provide a tenable founda- ago, this uncertainty led me to undertake a tion for the computational theory of long-term investigation of the foundations of mind—the thesis, sometimes known as “cog- computer science and artificial intelligence. nitivism,” that underlies artificial intelligence That study is now largely complete. My aim in and cognitive science. this paper is to summarise some of the results.1 The first, empirical, requirement, of doing jus- tice to practice, helps to keep the analysis 1. Project grounded in real-world examples. It is hum- bling, too, since the computer revolution so reli- The overall goal has been to develop a compre- ably adapts, expands, dodges expectations, and hensive theory of computation.
    [Show full text]
  • Syllabusfinder
    PHL342 Minds & Machines Fall 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Brian Cantwell Smith Last edited September 28, 2015 Syllabus Through human history, people have used machine metaphors to understand the mind: clockworks in the 17th century, hydraulic and electro-magnetic systems in Freud’s time, etc. Some might view the computer metaphor for mind in a similar light. But as Haugeland points out, the computer is different. Computers are taken to be a special kind of machine—to embody a unique, profound insights about the relation of mechanism to such distinctively human properties as meaning, representation, and interpretation. The contemporary pro- spect of building a thinking machine is thus serious in a way that it never was before. The idea that the mind is computer—or at least a kind of computer—is known as the computational theory of mind (CTOM). It served as a foundational assumption underlying the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cognitive science in the 1960s and 1970s. In recent decades, the computational theory of mind has come under strenuous critique, but the broader idea that the mind is a machine is still widely believed. Moreover, several of the founding assumptions and insights of the CTOM project remain in place, even in the face of contempo- rary critiques. And AI proceeds apace. In this course, we will look at prospects for mental machines by considering the nature of mind, the na- ture of machines (especially computers), the foundations of the computational theory of mind, and some more recently proposed architectural alternatives. We will focus on two broad themes: (i) causal issues, having to do with mechanism, modularity, architecture, embodiment, neuroscience, dynamics, networks, etc.; and (ii) semantical issues, including meaning, content, reference, semantics, language, representation, and information.
    [Show full text]
  • Computationalism New Directions
    Computationalism New Directions edited by Matthias Scheutz A Bradford Book The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England 2002 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or informa- tion storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. This book was set in Sabon by Achorn Graphic Services, Inc., on the Miles 33 system and was printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Computationalism : new directions / edited by Matthias Scheutz. p. cm. “A Bradford book.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-262-19478-3 (hc: alk. paper) 1. Computer science. 2. Artificial intelligence. I. Scheutz, Matthias. QA76.C54747 2002 004—dc21 2002019570 Contents Authors vii Preface ix 1 Computationalism—The Next Generation 1 Matthias Scheutz 2 The Foundations of Computing 23 Brian Cantwell Smith 3 Narrow versus Wide Mechanism 59 B. Jack Copeland 4 The Irrelevance of Turing Machines to Artificial Intelligence 87 Aaron Sloman 5 The Practical Logic of Computer Work 129 Philip E. Agre 6 Symbol Grounding and the Origin of Language 143 Stevan Harnad 7 Authentic Intentionality 159 John Haugeland Epilogue 175 References 187 Index 199 Authors Philip E. Agre, Department of Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095–1520, USA [email protected] http://dlis.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/ B. Jack Copeland,
    [Show full text]
  • Artificial Intelligence
    ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Artificial intelligence (AI) is a transformative business platform and area of significant investment in the world economy. The global market for smart machines (neurocomputers, autonomous robots and vehicles, smart embedded systems, intelligent assistance systems) is anticipated to grow to $15 billion annually by 2021. By 2030, the global economic impact of AI is expected to be approximately $15.7 trillion. AI, U of T’s especially in the areas of machine and deep learning, is expected to become embedded in virtually every industry. The Toronto ecosystem is a hotbed for AI, CONTRIBUTION powered by world-class research, the greatest presence of tech jobs in Canada across all Bench Strength in Related sectors of the economy, and a growing number of tech startups. In 2017, Thomson Research & Innovation Reuters’ Toronto Technology Centre established a new long-term facility, with a commitment totaling more than USD$100 million. In 2018, Fujitsu, NVIDIA, Samsung Research funding Research America (SRA), Etsy, and LG Electronics announced state-of-the-art AI centres in Toronto, joining other multinational companies like Google and Uber. attracted in last 5 years: $244M Canada Research Chairs: 7 CIFAR AI Chairs: 8 Faculty members: 111 HOW U of T ENHANCES THE CLUSTER Graduate students For more than 30 years, U of T researchers have been at the forefront of advancing AI in such areas as computer vision, computational linguistics and natural language processing, knowledge supervised: representation and reasoning, cognitive robotics, and machine learning. Geoffrey Hinton, a father of artificial neural networks and deep learning, founded the U of T Machine Learning Group in 544 1985, which is now home to many international leaders in the field.
    [Show full text]
  • LC CODE TITLE PUBLISHER AUTHOR YEAR LB1025.2 Teaching Today Merrilll Prentice Hall David G, Armstrong 2001 New York : Oxford University Jack R
    LC CODE TITLE PUBLISHER AUTHOR YEAR LB1025.2 Teaching Today Merrilll Prentice Hall David G, Armstrong 2001 New York : Oxford University Jack R. Cooper, Floyd QP356.3 The biochemical basis of neuropharmacology Press E.... 1991 E178.1 American History crowell Abraham s. Eisenstadt 1969 AC8.P66 The Blue Caterpillar and Other Essays University Press of Florida, Pickering, Samuel F. 1997 AG195L45 Now You Know More : Vol. II / : The Book of Answers Dundurn Group Lennox, Doug. 2004 AG195L45 Now You Know : The Book of Answers Dundurn Lennox, Doug. 2003 AG5.H88 The Hutchinson Factfinder Helicon 2004 AG5.H88 The Hutchinson Dictionary of Ideas Helicon Publishing 2004 AM101.C14J36 Museums and the Paradox of Change : A Case Study in Urgent Adaptation Glenbow Museum, Janes, Robert R. 1995 AM151.D84 Displays of Power : Controversy in the American Museum From the Enola Gay to Sensation New York University Press Dubin, Steven C. 1999 AP10 American Heart Journal E.R Squibb & Sons Gardin M Julius 1993 AY14.H88 Hutchinson Loads of Lists Helicon Pub. 2004 Nether Lands Elsevier Sience AY2001 Embase: List of Journals indexed Pulishers 1998 AZ103.C54 The Humanities in American Life : Report of the Commission On the Humanities University of California Press, 1980 State University of New York AZ103.H69 Human Sciences : Reappraising the Humanities Through History and Philosophy Press, H²yrup, Jens. 2000 AZ201.P43 History of Classical Scholarship From 1300 to 1850 Clarendon Press, Pfeiffer, Rudolf. 1976 Huang, Tsung-hsi.; Ching, Julia.; Fang, AZ791 The Records of Ming Scholars University of Hawaii Press, Chao-ying 1987 B1028.P34 Caliban's Reason : Introducing Afro-Caribbean Philosophy {Africana Thought} Routledge, Henry, Paget.
    [Show full text]
  • The Society for Philoso
    PROGRAM OF THE 25th ANNIVERSARY MEETING OF THE_SOCIETY_FOR_PHILOSOPHY_AND_PSYCHOLOGY STANFORD UNIVERSITY JUNE 19-22, 1999 Program Co-Chairs: Güven Güzeldere (Philosophy, Duke University) Stevan Harnad (Psychology, University of Southampton) Local Arrangements: Ken Taylor (Philosophy, Stanford University) SATURDAY_JUNE_19 3:00- Registration 5:30 4:00- Symposium I. "Then and Now" 7:00 Chair: Güven Güzeldere (Duke University) John McCarthy (Computer Science, Stanford University) Making Robots Conscious of their Mental States Roger Shepard (Psychology, Stanford University) Wrestling with the Subjective and the Objective: Psychological Findings and Philosophical Puzzles Hilary Putnam (Philosophy, Harvard University) Consciousness Discussant: Daniel Dennett (Philosophy, Tufts University) 7:15- Reception & Posters 10:30 See the list of poster presenters and titles at the end of the program. SUNDAY_JUNE_20 9:00- Registration 5:00 9:00- Book Exhibit 5:00 9:00- Symposium II. Frontiers in Cognitive Neuroscience: Attention and 12:00 Perception Chair: David Rosenthal (City University of New York) Gregory McCarthy (Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University) The Physiology of Face Perception in Humans Lynn C. Robertson (Veterans Administration Medical Research, Martinez, CA and Psychology, University of California, Berkeley) Parietal Lobes: Attention to Space & Objects Greg Simpson (Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine) The Spatial and Temporal Brain Networks Underlying Attention Discussant: John Gabrieli (Psychology,
    [Show full text]
  • Brian Cantwell Smith: on the Origins of Objects
    Brian Cantwell Smith: On the Origins of Objects https://www.ontology.co/smithbc.htm Theory and History of Ontology by Raul Corazzon | e-mail: [email protected] Brian Cantwell Smith On the Origins of Objects INTRODUCTION Contents: Preface VIII-XII; Introduction 3; Part I. Analysis; 1. Computation 27; 2. Irreduction 77; 3. Realism 85; 4. Particularity 117; 5. Physics 137; Part II. Construction; 6. Flex & slop 191; 7. Registration -- I 213; 8. Registration -- II 243; 9. Middle distance 277; 10. Transition 315; 11. Metaphysics 317; 12. Conclusion 345; Indexes; Sections 379; Figures 383; Sidebars 385; Topics 387; Names 407; References 411. From the back-cover: "On the Origin of Objects is the culmination of Brian Cantwell Smith's decade-long investigation into the philosophical and metaphysical foundations of computation, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science. Based on a sustained critique of the formal tradition that underlies the reigning views, he presents an argument for an embedded, participatory, 'irreductionist,' metaphysical alternative. Smith seeks nothing less than to revise our understanding not only of the machines we build but also of the world with which they interact. Smith's ambitious project begins as a search for a comprehensive theory of computation, able to do empirical justice to practice and conceptual justice to the computational theory of mind. A rigorous commitment to these two criteria ultimately leads him to recommend a radical overhaul of our traditional conception of metaphysics. Along the way, Smith offers
    [Show full text]
  • Ontology, Data, and the Tower of Babel Problem Andrew J
    Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 4-2016 A black art: Ontology, data, and the Tower of Babel problem Andrew J. Iliadis Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Communication Commons, Library and Information Science Commons, and the Metaphysics Commons Recommended Citation Iliadis, Andrew J., "A black art: Ontology, data, and the Tower of Babel problem" (2016). Open Access Dissertations. 663. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/663 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. i A BLACK ART: ONTOLOGY, DATA, AND THE TOWER OF BABEL PROBLEM A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Andrew J Iliadis In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2016 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii For my parents iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge the support of the Brian Lamb School of Communication and the Department of Philosophy at Purdue University. I would also like to thank my co- advisors and committee members, including Dr. Ashley R. Kelly, Dr. Daniel W. Smith, Dr. Sorin A. Matei, and Dr. Daniel R. Kelly. A special thank you to my parents, Cathy and Jim, and to my brother, Michael. I could not have done this without your support. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Varieties of Self-Reference
    VARIETIES OF SELF-REFERENCE Brian Cantwell Smith Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Xerox PARC 3333 Coyote Hill Road, Palo Alto, California 94304; and Center for the Study of Language and Information Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 ABSTRACT The significance of any system of explicit representation depends not only on the immediate properties of its representational structures, but also on two aspects of the attendant circumstances: implicit relations among, and processes defined over, those individual representations, and larger circumstances in the world in which the whole representational system is embedded. This relativity of representation to circumstance facilitates local inference, and enables representation to connect with action, but it also limits expressive power, blocks generalisation, and inhibits communication. Thus there seems to be an inherent tension between the effectiveness of located action and the detachment of general-purpose reasoning. It is argued that various mechanisms of causally-connected self-reference enable a system to transcend the apparent tension, and partially escape the confines of circumstantial relativity. As well as examining self-reference in general, the paper shows how a variety of particular self-referential mechanisms-- autonymy, introspection, and reflection- provide the means to overcome specific kinds of implicit relativity. These mechanisms are based on distinct notions of self: self as unity, self as complex system, self as independent agent. Their power derives from their ability to render explicit what would otherwise be implicit, and implicit what would otherwise be explicit, all the while maintaining causal connection between the two. Without this causal connection, a system would either be inexorably parochial, or else remain entirely disconnected from its subject matter.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report of the Jackman Humanities Institute 2009–2010
    ANNUAL REPORT OF THE JACKMAN HUMANITIES INSTITUTE 2009–2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS JACKMAN HUMANITIES INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT, 2009–2010 1. Overview 2009–2010 1 1.1. Annual Theme: Pressures on the Human 2 2. Message from the Director of the Jackman Humanities Institute 3 3. Governance 6 3.1. Jackman Humanities Institute Governance, 2009–2010 7 3.2. Advisory Board Members, 2009–2010 8 3.3. Council of Humanities Institute Deans, 2009–2010 9 3.4. International Humanities Advisory Board, 2009–2010 10 3.4.1. International Humanities Advisory Board Meeting, 21 September 2009 11 4. Fellows 12 4.1. Jackman Humanities Institute Circle of Fellows 13 4.2. Chancellor Jackman Faculty Research Fellowships in the Humanities 15 4.2.1. 2009–2010 Reports of Twelve-Month Fellows 16 4.2.2. 2009–2010 Reports of Six-Month Fellows 23 4.3. Postdoctoral Fellows at the Jackman Humanities Institute 25 4.4. Graduate Student Fellowships in the Humanities 36 4.5. Jackman Humanities Institute Undergraduate Fellowships 38 4.6. Jackman Humanities Institute Fellows Alumni: Updates from Previous Fellows 42 5. Jackman Humanities Institute Program for the Arts 44 5.1. Jackman Humanities Institute Program for the Arts Summary 45 5.1.1. Gord Peteran Recent Works (Matthew Brower) 46 5.1.2. Monuments + Bits: Recent Work by Khoury Levit Fong 48 (Rodolphe el-Khoury and Robert Levit) 5.1.3. Sound Unbound: Sonic Pressures, Psycho-Acoustics & the Aural Avant-Garde 50 (Andrew Dubois) 5.1.4. Guy Maddin: Confession and the Cinema of Uninhibition (Kay Armatage) 52 5.1.5.
    [Show full text]