European Geoparks Magazine●Issue 12

Geoparks: Live the experience

1 CALENDER Paris- UNESCOHeadquarters UNESCO GeneralConference November 2015: San’in -Kaigan Geopark-Japan 4th Asian-Pacific GeoparksConference 16-20 September2015: Rokua Geopark– 13th EuropeanGeoparksConference 3-6 September2015: Lesvos islandGeopark–Greece International Intensive CourseonGeoparks 23 June–3July2015: Sesia -Val GrandeGeopark environmental values communication andpromotionofthegeo- Rethink ofthePlanetEarth-experience 7th Workshop oftheItalianGeoparks 10 -14June2015: European GeoparksWeek 2015 May –June2015: Paris- UNESCOHeadquarters Burren andCliffsofMoher Geopark,Ireland English RivieraGeopark-UK 7th InternationalUNESCOConference onGeoparks September 2016: Lesvos islandGeopark–Greece International Intensive CourseonGeoparks 1-12 June2016: Basque CoastGeopark–Spain 35 30 March–1April2015: 2015 www.europeangeoparks.org NETWORK THE EUROPEAN GEOPARKS 39 March 2017: 2017 37 March 2016: 2016 th th th EuropeanGeoparksMeeting European Geoparks Meeting EuropeanGeoparksMeeting the Lake Oulujärvi, the Gneiss bedrock is about 2,7 cd rom. © 2015 on copying and base electronicdata an as duction repro commercial includes also This publishers. the approvalof written the reproducedwithout or copyright. No part of this magazine may be copied and illustrations contained therein are protected by Copyright: The magazine and all the contributions Goodwin, Pål Thjømøe, Sara Gentilini, Dipl.-Geogr. Vita, Domenico Guida, Arnaldo Iudici, Jutta Weber, billion years old and belongs to the oldest bedrock Gregoris Iatrou, Anchel Belmonte Ribas, Ana Ruiz Mikko Kiuttu, Maria Kamilari, Eleni Koumoutsou, Barquero, Alessandra Casini, Armado Costantini, Dimitris Leontaritis, Ana Jesus, Bonina Brandão, Burlando, Lourdes Guerra González, Alicia Serna Hilario, Leire Barriuso, Miren Mendia Aranguren, Marie-Luise Frey, Verónica Montero, Joan Poch, Horst Ibetsberger, Nina Lemkow, Sílvia Marcos, Natural History Museum of the Lesvos Petrified Giancarlo Pagani, Georgia Kanellopoulou, Aris- Sebastian Voigt, Lorenzo Marchetti, Hans Peter Vargas Escudero, Alberto Gil Toja, Timo Kluttig, Cover photo: Rokua Geopark, Kuosto Island in Juan Gil, K. Mpentana, N. Zouros, Tina Keating, Ottria, Emanuele Guazzi, Silvia Ravani, Mauriio Alessia Amorfini, Antonio Bartelletti, Guiseppe Rivas Palomo, Carmen Fernández Peña, Víctor Jutta Weber, Gabi Dewald, Zhu DongE, Carldos Melanie Border, José M. Barrera, Javier López, Urtelinda Ramos, Peter Samsom, Steingerður Nancy Sauer, M.A. Corinna Rudolf, Alessandra Conde, Anna Knauer, Aniello Aloia, Angelo De Magagna, Marco Giardino, Edoardo Dellarole, zone in the EU. Heinz Kollmann, Tony Ramsay, Jutta Weber, Schönlaub, Gerlinde Krawanja-Ortner, Asier Hreinsdóttir, Sigurður Sigursveinsson, Mike Forest on behalf of the European Geoparks Doyle, Heinz Kollman, Irmgard Auer, Pablo Neto de Carvalho, Kejian Xu, Guosheng Yu, Dr. Dana Pietsch, Julia Franzen, Dr. Eamon Publication manager: Geoparks Network Executive editor: Nickolas Zouros Publication Editor: Print: Editing: European Magazine Issue No 12 / 2015 Editorial board: Nickolas Zouros Epikinonia Aigaiou S.A Published by: Photographer: Markus Sirkka Contributors: Ana Lima. Network Tony Ramsay Ch. Paraskevaidis

Tony Ramsay - FOREWORD

agazine 12 provides an overview of activ- geotrail highlights the territory’s long history Mities and achievements in the European of silver mining. Vikos-Aoos Geopark presents Geoparks Network (EGN) during 2014. These nine new geotrails leading to karstic features include the report of the 34th EGN Coordina- in its . Sierras Subbeticas Natu- tion Committee meeting hosted by Geopark ral Park developed the “Cabra, City”, Harz Braunschweigerland Ostfalen; celebrat- urban geological trail, while North Pennines ing European Geoparks Week; the highly suc- AONB restored a shelter on the Iconic Pennines cessful 6th International UNESCO Conference Way Trail. The Apuan Alps Geopark produced a on Geoparks (Canada); the creation of the new Hiking and Geotourist Map. provi- Global Geoparks Association and progress sion also involves developing interpretive exhi- in discussions between the Global Geoparks bitions and information centres; Sierra Norte Network and UNESCO to develop a UNESCO de Sevilla Natural Park and TERRAvita Natur Global Geoparks Initiative. In 2014 the EGN in- Park present examples of these activities. creased to 64 members with the addition of All geoparks engage in formal and informal the following new Geoparks: Molina Alto Tajo education projects. Rokua Geopark has cre- Geopark (Spain), El Hierro Geopark (Spain), ated geopark schools in Finland. The 20 mil- Monts d’Ardèche Geopark (France), Ore of the lion year old fossilized ecosystem in Lesvos Alps Geopark, Odsherred Geopark (Denmark) Geopark is the focus for an educational pro- and Terras de Cavaleiros Geopark (Portugal). gramme. The English Riviera and Sesia–Val The 6th International UNESCO Confer- Grande Geopark’s are involved in partnerships ence, hosted by Stonehammer Geopark, New involving student exchange programmes. Brunswick, Canada focussed on seven themes: Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Geopark is improving Geoparks and the sustainable use of natural re- its educational resources; Chelmos Vouraikos sources; Engaging communities; Education and Geopark increases its visibility through edu- Interpretation in geoparks; Aspiring geoparks; cational and networking activities. The contri- Mature Geoparks;​ UNESCO collaboration and butions from Geo-Naturpark Bergstrasse Od- Intangible cultural heritage. The conference, enwald, Naturtejo Geopark and Muskau Arch attended by 480 delegates from 32 countries, Geopark emphasize the importance of inter- adopted the Stonehammer Declaration. national collaboration. Examples of engaging In this issue, 34 articles explain how Europe- an geoparks contribute to conservation, edu- with communities and businesses are present- cation and promoting ed in contributions from Arouca, Burren, Katla through geotourism. They demonstrate how and Magma Geoparks. sharing information and working with commu- The sustainable development of geoparks nities, businesses and educational establish- is also dependant on research and new ini- ments safeguards sustainable development tiatives. Carnic Alps Geopark highlights how in geoparks. Bakony –Balaton and Sobrarbe palaeontological research contributes to the Geoparks train guides to use the geological Geopark’s resources. Cabo de Gata Geopark heritage as an economic resource. The Nation- seeks to link its communities through an in- al Park of Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni tangible heritage project. The North West – Geopark encourages young people to man- Highland Geopark proposes a social enterprise age its . The importance of geo- model to create revenue streams and ensure topes and geosites is emphasized in contribu- financial security. The contributions by El Hi- tions from the Basque Coast, Eisenwurzen and erro, Ore of the Alps, Odsherred and Terras de Swabian Alb Geoparks. Vulkan Eifel Geopark Cavaleiros geoparks raise awareness of the restored the Trautzberg Maar to create a new contributions that these new Geoparks can geotope. The design and maintenance of geo- make to the development of the EGN and GGN. trails enhances geotourism in all parks. Beigua Geopark links sport and geoheritage along Tony Ramsay some of its trails. The Tuscan Mining Park’s Member of the Editorial Board 3 CONTENTS 32 31 30 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 12 10 07 05 02 Land •Ostfalen visiting theGeoparkHarz•Braunschweiger EGN 34CCMEETING.EuropeanGeoparks Global Geoparks 6th InternationalUNESCOConference on Association Network toanInternationalNon-profit Global GeoparksNetwork: From avoluntary Calendar Tuscan Mining Geopark Searching for themedievalminers inthe Cabra, JurassicCitySierras geological heritageinBeigua Geopark Developing outdoorsportstoenhancethe The EuropeanGeoparksNetwork today Alps: Anewtooltogetknow theGeopark The HikingandGeotouristMapoftheApuan in anunusuallocation Ice agesharks?ASharkInformation Centre Geopark Natural Monument,Sierra NortedeSevilla Information CentreofCerro delHierro The newinterpretive exhibitionatthe Gata NijarGeopark An intangibleheritageprojectinCabode “That waslife” (AsÍeralavida) Eisenwurzen Spectacular GeotopesinGeopark Geopark, CountyClare,Ireland. project intheBurren andCliffsofMoher A community-initiatedgroundwatertracing Vulkaneifel Geopark Recovery ofanancientmaarlakein Alb Geotope protectionintheGeoPark Swabian Country Geopark managing geologicalheritageinBasque Inventory ofgeosites: abasictoolfor asset oftheGeoparkCarnicAlps Pre-dinosaur tetrapodfootprints asanew geological heritage in aninternationalprojectfor interpreting Naturtejo andTianzhushan GlobalGeoparks Abbey andCityofLorsch(Germany) China), Bergstrasse-Odenwald,WHSLorsch continents -GlobalGeoparksMt.Lushan(PR as anaturalandculturalbridgebetween The InterculturalPeony Project-aflower of promotingourheritage a seriesofguidedwalks–seekingnewways The EuropeanGeoparksWeek 2014:Notjust ΕGN WEEK GEOCONSERVATION INTERPRETATION - GEOTOURISM GEOPARKS MUSEUM GLOBAL 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 Ibores-Jara Geopark. Improving teaching resourcesinVilluercas- Global Geopark-UK young peopleacross Europe,EnglishRiviera Geopark EUprojectwidenshorizonsfor Grande andRokuaGeoparks exchange partnershipbetween SesiaVal EduGeoPark Research:Aninnovative student ” IsOver! -MuskauArchGeopark First InternationalGeoparkCamp “ArtMeets project by developing localmenus:the GEOfood Magma GeoparkEngageswithCommunities Geoparks? Could SocialEnterprisebethefuturefor Katla Geopark–IsolationSparksInnovation anniversary ofaniconictrail. A historicshelterrestoredtocelebratethe North Pennines AONBandGlobalGeopark: Geopark -Portugal Nature RhythmsandProducingArtinArouca Plateau inVikos-Aoos Geopark Geotrails tothekarsticgeoforms ofAstraka Terras de CavaleirosGeopark in Denmark Geopark Odsherred –thefirst GlobalGeopark Alps Geopark “Copper soclosetotheheavens” -Oreofthe first GeoparkintheCanary Archipelago El Hierro, theIslandof1,000volcanoes. The geo-communication andgeo-tourism (Germany): geo-education,geo-products, Bergstrasse-Odenwald andWHSMesselPit Cooperation between GlobalGeopark in CilentoandVallo DianoGeopark Spartano, Eastern Bussento River Landscape) experience atVeneris HairGeosite(Casaletto Local GeoparkCareTakers: afruitful Bakony–Balaton Geopark Opening thegeologicaltreasurechestof employment in aGeopark Guides inSobrarbe:Atooltocreatenew Training coursefor GeologicalHeritage activities inChelmos–Vouraikos Geopark Educational, researchandnetworking schools inFinland Rokua Geoparkinitiatedthefirst Above &Below Copper CoastGeopark:Archaeologyfrom kilometers! wonders andculture :300millionyears in96 Lesvos Geopark: Theislandofnatural GEO EDUCATION NEW GEOPARKS DEVELOPMENT SUSTEINABLE NEWORKING COURSES International Non-profit Association From a voluntary Network to an Global Geoparks Network: International Associaton onGeoparks Global Geoparks Network portunities for consideration in the concludingtheconsiderationportunities forin op and threats weakneses, strengths, lems, Global Geoparks. The Bureau debated the prob UNESCO establishing in developments latest 2014,theJune Lesvos25 Island on heldin ing extraordinarymeetan discussed,inGGN, the with UNESCO. understanding of memorandum a can sign it that so character” “legal obtain must posednewUNESCO Global Geoparks, theGGN GGNwill continue toplay keya role in thethe pro that ensure to order In Geoparks. Global UNESCOcreation of thehroughUNESCO and betweenlinkGlobalGeoparksthe Network regional its and GeoparkNetworks (EGN, APGN)formalizing on (GGN) Network Global Geoparks the within discussions detailed ingly include 111 members in 32 countries on 5 con to expanded GGN the economic 2014 By development. sustainable regional for strategy a within sites heritage Earth of preservation and protection the integrate that territories for quality-standards establish and practice best of modelsdevelop to,serves It UNESCO. tinents. T h GN ueu te oenn bd of body governing the Bureau, GGN The Over recent years there have been increas been have there yearsrecent Over nationalpartnershipumbrellaofthe under inter an as 2004 foundedin was GGN he ------Email: [email protected] Web: globalgeoparksnetwork.org • The establishment of a roster of Geopark eval new the in GGN the of representation The • sary for various reasons: lishment of a legal entity for the GGN is neces Council of Museums’ model (ICOM). The ICOMMuseums’ (ICOM).ThemodelCouncilof International the is institutions, global similar GlobalGeoparks welllegaltheasasstatus for withand covers the legal status of the existing unanimously that the model that best coincides concludedAssociationand establishingan for financial the collecting for mechanism The • of territorial disputes and other open issues. casesapplications in evaluationof the status, legal GGN the Geoparks, Global UNESCO ing operationaldocuments,guidelines,e.g.financ Geoparks Global UNESCO the finalize to was negotiations these of purpose The Geoparks. negotiations of the UNESCO Working Group on oa o te 2 ebr i te UNESCO Global the Geoparks Council. in members 12 the of posal pro Global the and Bureau) and CouncilGeoparks (UNESCO bodies making decision and coordination Geoparks Global UNESCO The GGN Bureau examineddifferentBureau modelsGGN The contribution to UNESCO Global Geoparks. procedure for the UNESCO Global Geoparks. revalidation and evaluation the and uators estabrecognizedtheBureauthat GGN The - - - - -

GLOBAL NETWORK 5 6 GLOBAL NETWORK sociation,7 duringtheand Assembly held in Canada during the 6 the duringCanada in heldAssembly General GGN the atapproval forGeoparks all to distributed were Association the of ment tion web site www.globalgeoparksnetwork.org (GGN) Executive Board of the nationalConference onGeoparks.The founding includestwo sub-programmes, the Internation whichProgramme,Geoparks Geosciencesand contributedto the creation of the International representatives GGN the Geoparks, on Group fee for each Global Geopark was also agreed. membershipThe France. in GeoparkProvence The GGN Association office will be at the Haute law. French to according Association national Inter Non-profit a for model ICOM the used and Guidelines Operational GGN existing the statutes of the Association which are based on UNESCO. countries and has a privileged relationship with member UNESCO all almost in members has b. The official letters of the Managing Author the official letters of The b. concluded the necessary legal procedures in or Individual Members (Geopark professionals). teriaand procedures for enrolment of the GGN a. The decision of the tus, based on: AssociationGGNtheforder havelegal sta to ship fee. GGNAssociation statutes and annual member pressed by official letter their ex agreement to who the Geoparks Global all Association, the decidedtoinclude, asinstitutional members of Assembly, the GGN Association Executive Board globalgeoparksnetwork.org the operation procedures can be found at www. tember 2014. the of decision The c. French law and lawFrench statustion Following the establishment of the GGN As FollowingGGNestablishment thethe of The official documents for the establish the for documents official The the agreed and discussed Bureau GGN The All informationAllAssocia thefoundatbe can t fo te ra mjrt o the of majority broad the from ity The GGN Executive Board also agreed the cri General GGN the ofdecisions Followingthe and statutes the regarding information All Bureau decisions. Geoparks expressing their agreement to GGN bly well as the endorsement of the profit Association according to French law, as a Voluntary Network to an International Non- GGN Bureau to transfer the GGN status from the of decisions the endorsedunanimously The that $1000 USD per Global Geopark. financial contribution to UNESCO of not less tion

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Inter Global ------Conference of UNESCO in November 2015. et f hs eiin uig h 38 the during decision this of ment endorse the and 2015 April in Boardecutive stages include the decision of the UNESCO Ex remainingThese 2009. ConferenceinGeneral . h UEC Goak oeainl guide operational Geoparks UNESCO The 2. 1. The IGGP statutes. UNESCO and the GGN). between programme joint (a GeoparksGlobal betweenUNESCOIUGS)and UNESCOtheand al Geosciences Programme (a joint programme venturewhich started before the UNESCO 35 stages in order to conclude successfully this ad globe. currentdevelopinginrole Geoparks acrossthe UNESCOGlobalGeoparks willcontinue and its in charge of relations with UNESCO. relevantGovernmentabody from orUNESCO for Commission National country’s each from GlobalGeoparks subject lettertoa ofapproval UNESCO become automatically will Geoparks of GGN. to the UNESCO Global Geoparks. These posal for the transition of the current members GGN.Thisdocumentthe alsoincludes pro the by prepared 2014 for budget totalGGN’s the Global the documentof the onGeoparksactivities of based impact economic the others, also discussed. This document presents, wasamong Geoparks, Global UNESCO the and IGGP Board concerning the establishment of the new The documents approved were: Now we are faced by the remaining two final Thus the GGN Association becomes a key the TheWG’s proposal to the UNESCO Executive lines. th General th - - - - -

Geopark Magma Representative Conference at greeting the the opening Community of theFirst ceremony Nation S ass 50 qae ioers n extends and kilometres square 2500 passes encom- Geopark The stakeholders. other and tourism operators, members of the community owners, site of comprised organization ported sible sites. acces- publicly 10 than more including sites, fossil and geological significant 60 than more incorporates Geopark Stonehammer between. the most recent Ice Age, and almost everything to ago, years billion a time, Precambrian late the from stories geological includes Geopark The land. on life of emergence the and brates verte- of evolution the life, Explosion’of brian ‘Cam- the fossils, stromatolite Precambrian of discovery first the including the life, of to evolution witness been have Geopark hammer Stone - the in rocks The change. climate and ing of oceans, volcanoes, earthquakes, ice ages open- and closing the continents, of collision Earth’shistory. The landscape has been of created by the years billion a experience can you where park geological a is Geopark hammer Brunswick on the East Coast of Canada. Stone- New Southern in located is Geopark hammer As North America’s 18th to22thSeptember2014. from Geoparks Global on Conference UNESCO International 6th the at Canada of region John 6 on Global Geoparks UNESCO Conference iiat fo 3 cutis n h Saint the in countries 32 from ticipants par- 480 welcomed Geopark, tonehammer th Stonehammer is a community-sup- International first Global Geopark, Stone- simple andeasily understoodmanner. a in science earth interpreting of great examples i.e. conveyed, easily was matter ject sub- the how of examples successful as well as institutions community other or schools in Geoparks 3. EducationandInterpretationin cess storiesinengagingtheircommunities. This theme is for geoparks to share their suc- 2. EngagingCommunities on focused conference the for theme overall The the from Fundy Trail totheKingstonPeninsula. and Norton to Falls Lepreau from land. of use responsible the for crucial is and erals) min- and petroleum (water, of resources natural use sustainable the and environment the understanding for key is heritage Geological ral resources 1. Geoparksandsustainableuseofnatu- missions were asfollows: forThemes sub- poster and presentations oral er andourcommunity. gaged in en- conference the and them to meaningful is Connecting dctoa porme ld y geoparks by led programmes Educational Connecting. Connecting people to the Earth in a way that way a in Earth the to people Geoparks are concerned with concerned are Geoparks delegates with each oth-

GLOBAL GEOPARKS 7 GLOBAL NETWORK GLOBAL

4. Aspiring Geoparks Stonehammer Geopark, the first Global Children’s Presentation of projects by aspiring geopa- Geopark in North America with the support chorus at rks, guidelines for the establishment of of many sponsors. the opening ceremony Geoparks in the GGN. During the conference 11 new members of the 6th were warmly welcomed into the Global International 5. Mature Geoparks Geopark Network bringing the membership Conference on What does it take to keep a geopark go- to a total to 111 Geoparks from 32 coun- Geoparks ing? Share stories of success and failure tries. The new Geoparks are : through the re-evaluation process. This track is intended for geoparks that are well estab- Molina and Alto Tajo Global Geopark (Spain) lished (at least 4 years since initial designa- tion) and have best practices to share on how Ore of the Alps Global Geopark (Austria) they have managed to keep the momentum Tumbler Ridge Global Geopark (Canada) building in their communities, in their pro- gramming and with their stakeholders. Mount Kunlun Global Geopark (China) Dali Mount Cangshan Global Geopark (China) 6. UNESCO Collaboration Odsherred Global Geopark (Denmark) Building relationships and developing part- nerships between Global Geoparks and other Monts d’Ardeche Global Geopark (France) UNESCO programs (Man and the Aso Global Geopark (Japan) Programme, World Heritage Sites, Inter- national Geosciences Programme) that are M’Goun Global Geopark (Morocco) near or within the footprint of the geopark. Terras de Cabaleiros Global Geopark (Portugal) 7. Intangible Cultural Heritage Living expressions and traditions that El Hierro Global Geopark (Spain, Canary Islands Autonomous Region) countless groups and communities world- wide have inherited from their ancestors and Many aspiring geoparks also participated transmit to their descendants, in most cases in the conference. orally, are a valuable component of geopark The Conference also adopted the Stone- interpretation. This track is intended for hammer Declaration. geoparks who are currently interpreting in- The 6th International UNESCO Conference tangible heritage. on Global Geoparks marked a successful de- The conference, the first to be organized cade of applying and developing the geopark in North America, marked an energetic de- concept which melds the natural landscape cade in the existence of the Global Geoparks and the lives of a Geopark’s resident com- Network. munities into a harmonious and mutually The success of the GGN was evident from beneficial mode of existence. The next de- the number of delegates who descended on cade will involve challenges as the Network Saint John to partake in the wide array of continues to grow and as the geopark con- sessions, field-trips and cultural events. cept is embraced by more and more com- The 6th International UNESCO Confer- munities and governments. This will require ence on Global Geoparks, under the aegis hard work and dedication in maintaining, of UNESCO with the approval of General refining and promoting the geopark concept Secretary I. Bokova, was organized by the across the planet. Onwards and upwards!

8 The Stonehammer Declaration

he 6th International UNESCO Conference on TGlobal Geoparks was held from September 19 to 22 2014 in Saint John, Stonehammer Glob- al Geopark, Canada, and was attended by 450 delegates from 30 countries. After deliberation, the delegates hereby affirm that: NETWORK GLOBAL 1. The Global Geopark community fully en- dorses the efforts made following the decision of the 36th General Conference of UNESCO to interest and interrelated human activities within improve cooperation between UNESCO and the GGN. The 6th International UNESCO Confer- Global Geoparks through the establishment of ence on Global Geoparks is a good example of UNESCO Global Geoparks within the framework capacity building. of the International Geosciences and Geoparks 4. The Global Geopark community encourages Programme. the efforts to strengthen the cooperation among We very much welcome the increasing levels local people, scientists and other experts, tourism of support for Global Geoparks within UNESCO, industries, municipalities, central governments we acknowledge the results of the consultations and other stakeholders for the development and made by the Working Group on Geoparks formed operation of Geoparks. following the decision of the 191st Executive Global Geoparks promote the links between Board meeting and expect that the present geological heritage and all other aspects of strong relationship between the Global Geoparks the area’s natural and cultural heritage, clearly and UNESCO will be strengthened through the demonstrating that geodiversity is the founda- establishment of UNESCO Global Geoparks dur- tion of all ecosystems and the basis of human th ing the 38 UNESCO General Conference. In par- interaction with the landscape. ticular, we advocated that the Global Geoparks Geoparks use geo-scientific knowledge as a Network aquire a non-profit association le- substantial element for nature conservation, gal status and will act as the advisory body to geoheritage protection, environmental educa- UNESCO, to continue the development of Global tion, including natural disasters and climate Geoparks around the world. The GGN shall main- change, geotourism development and efficient tain its consultative relations with UNESCO, management in Geoparks. Every Global Geopark though a Memorandum of Understanding. This should have daily access to the expertise of geo- is particularly important in the least developed scientists. Therefore, effective sustainable devel- areas of the world. opment of our Geoparks as well as of our local 2. The Global Geopark community celebrated communities will remain as a goal. th the 10 anniversary of the GGN and acknowl- 5. The Global Geopark community encour- edged the highly successful and rapidly evolving ages the equitable geographical development development that occurred with the support of of Global Geoparks and thus supports all efforts the Earth Sciences Division of UNESCO following to expand Global Geoparks in those areas of the the GGN’s initiation in 2004. The GGN expanded world that are currently under-represented in th to include 111 members during the 6 Interna- the GGN. The first Global Geopark Conference in tional UNESCO Conference on Global Geoparks. North America has afforded the opportunity for Global Geoparks are territories with a geologi- aspiring Geoparks in the region to gain experi- cal heritage of international significance that im- ence and knowledge of the Global Geoparks Net- plement strategies for holistic heritage manage- work and has increased awareness of Geoparks. ment, promotion and sustainable development Delegates look forward to the development of a that are innovative, integrated, and respectful of rich and vibrant North American Geoparks Net- local traditions and desires. To keep growing, the work, based on the diverse geology and cultural GGN should insist on retaining the existing evalu- heritage of the continent. Participation of First ation/revalidation system based on high quality Nations at the opening ceremony provided a criteria in Geopark management, operation and unique and inspiring message for delegates and services to their visitors. for future North American Geoparks. 3. The GGN assists in the development of mod- els of best practice and quality-standards for ter- Agreed in Stonehammer Global Geopark ritories that integrate the protection and pres- 22-09-2014 ervation of geoheritage sites within a strategy for regional sustainable economic development. Networking within the Global Geoparks Net- work is encouraged to strengthen the capacity of human resources through collaboration and co-operation. This will ensure the development and support of various advisory roles, network- ing programmes, research projects of common

9 Lossen-Monument: Someoftheparticipantsin frontoftheLossen- Monument during theend-ofmeetingfieldtrip intheHarz.

10 GLOBAL GEOPARKS (Photo: Dr.Klaus George). T • Braunschweiger Land • Ostfalen European Geoparks visiting the Geopark Harz 34 complex social structure of the revealmuseum the in exhibits The museum. the in an open cast lignite mine which can be viewed from discoveredwere old, years 300.000 about are which spears, Schöningen The man. by used weapons ing Paläon Museum in Schöningen to see the oldest hunt houses in the town centre. In addition, they visited the half-timberedthe along and lanessmall thethrough Wernigerodethem ofled tourguided Geopark.A the of UNESCO. women”,and PatrickProf.addedMcKeeverbehalf on men of mind the in peace build to UNESCO of date man cultures, following differentthe continents and GlobalGeopark initiative brings together people from a establish UNESCO-Geoparks-Programme will in UNESCOautumn 2015. “The of Assembly General the that optimistic was the Commission from UNESCO Möller German Lutz Dr. letter. by Meeting the to Sigmar Gabriel, presented short welcoming Energy, addresses and Economics for Minister Federal and lor CO-Geoparks-Programme.GermanTheViceChancel withUNESCO regarding the development of aUNES Networks. GeoparksGlobal andEuropean the of members new as admitted were Geoparks six missions,evaluation the resultofapplications acommonprojects. andAs new missions, revalidation and evaluation of results the discussed countries different 21 from Geoparks nigerode.Aboutrepresentatives100 Europeantheof Meeting Duringvarious field trips the delegates got to know collaboration the was issue important most The e 34 he took place from 2 th th G Codnto Cmite Meeting Committee Coordination EGN European Geoparks nd to 5 Homo heidelbergensis th September 2014 in Wer (Hei ------tween the underlying Harz Granite igneous intrusionigneous Granite Harzunderlying the tween Johann be contact the Here by1783. in GoetheWolfgang von visited was Grabenweg, Rehberger the can be seen at the surface. conveyorsystem inEurope, longestused totransport the the ore, of remains The types. rock various and tunnelthewallscontain colorful exposuresorethe of The machines used to extract the ore still function and methods.historicalminingtomonument a and mine sometimetheBüchenbergin ShowMine, ironanore mineralwealth. field excursiontheMembers of spent the geology of the Harz region. understanding to significantly contributed research whoseBerlin ofAcademy Mining Royalthe atfessor ber of the Prussian Geological Survey, Berlin and a pro memorategeologistmemtheAugustLossen,Karl a mountain in the Harz (1,141 m above sea level). famousmost andhighest Brocken,the the andplatz GoetheWorldHeritagetheSite,agementSystem, a ShowMine,Elbingerode,Water UpperHarzManthe cluded visits to the Lossen Monument, the Büchenberg one of the main financial supporters of the Geopark. cooperation.Today themunicipality Königslutterof is dral,built byItalians, isanearly example ofEuropean and for its Information Centre in his town. The Cathe appreciationeducationalforthe Geoparktheworkof mayor of Königslutter, Alexander Hoppe, expressed the Königslutter, his of Cathedral the In landscape.thic palaeoli a intoinsight an provideand man)delberg h Gehpaz est, iutd n h ae of area the in situated Geosite, Goetheplatz The The Harz region is famous both for its forests and its The Lossen Monument was erected in 1896 to com The end-of -meeting excursion on 5 The guidedtour ofWernigerode started from themarket square. (Photo: AndreaFaust). th September in ------The mayor of Volker Wilde. Königslutter, the Advisory Board ofthe Geopark, Dr. Königslutter Chairman of Cathedral: Alexander Hoppe (r.) Dr. Klaus George). and the (Photo: Brockenhaus: A guided touroftheBrockenMuseum, Brocken House Museum where exhibitions on fourexhibitionswhereMuseum BrockenHouseon the in time some spent group The plants. alpine 1,600 over with garden botanic famous a hosts the HarzMountains andthe acrossGeopark. The plateau also views spectacular providing Plateau Brockenwindswept the to way give which slopes covered tree spruce the through steeply climbed day,autumnbeautiful a on ride, The train. steam 700hp a on Line, Railway Brocken gaugenarrow cesses and in the history of geology. the development of the understanding of Earth pro Therefore,theGoetheplatz importantanis sitefor crystallizationstate.moltenproductof thea from plutonistscorrectlywho interpreted theserocksas sea water. This was superceded by the views of the ouscrystalline rocks formed by crystallization from Goethe,known as neptunism, postulated that igne hornfels.hypothesistheTheforadvocated age by younger a and water sea fromminerals of zation crystalli the by formed was suggested he which granitethefor age older proposedGoethean site calledhornfels. Based ontherock sequence rockatthis a produce to zone contact the at rocks tary sedimenthebakedmillion ago,years295mately The heat from the molten granite, intruded approxi exposed. is sedimentaryrocks overlyingolder and The visit to the Brocken involved a ride on the on ride a involvedBrocken the to visit The the highestpoint oftheHarz. (Photo: AndreaFaust). Committee inWernigerode town centre.(Photo:Dr.KlausGeorge). The Bannerwelcoming thedelegatesofEGNCoordination - - - - - and border post during the 20 the duringpost border and base military a as site this of historyfascinating floors present the story of the witches and also the Country Dinosaurs Geopark, Romania. Hateg from Grigorescu Dan summarisedhistory”, recent more and older the withconnected clearly this Geopark in which the nature and culture are so largestGeoparkEurope:learnedof“Ivery in much and was involved delegates in catering for the themeeting. of some accommodated example, Blocksberg,forHotel The Meeting. organizingthe Braunschweiger· Ostfalen,·Land wereinvolved in theresponsible organizations for the Geopark supportiveHarz Many RegionalthemembersAssociation Geopark.of of Harz,one the in development the devil. with pact his and Faust of Goethe’s story in ized immortal devils and witches of place a folklore, Germaninplace itsknownfor best Brocken is the The participants enjoyed their stay in the second promotedregionalMeetingalsoaddition,the In Isabel Reuter Phone: +49 3946 964121 E- in theBüchenberg Show Mine. Show Mine: Anironorevein (Photo: Dr.Klaus George). Isabel Reuter Contact: Regionalverband Harz e. V. Hohe Straße 6, 06484 Quedlinburg Mail: [email protected] th ([email protected]) century.However, www.harzregion.de -

GLOBAL GEOPARKS 11 The European Geoparks Week 2014 Not just a series of guided walks – seeking new ways of promoting our heritage GLOBAL GEOPARKS GLOBAL

Adamello-Brenta Geopark Burren and Cliffs of Moher Geopark

Bakony-Balaton Geopark Central Catalonia Geopak

Geo-Naturpark Bergstrasse Odenwald Geo Mon

12 Azores Geopark Cabo de Gata - Nijar National Park Basque Coast Geopark The European Geoparks Week 2014 Not just a series of guided walks – seeking new ways of promoting our heritage GLOBAL GEOPARKS GLOBAL

Reserve Geologique de Haute- Provence Sierra Norte de Sevilla Natural Park

very European Geopark staff mem- Eber knows that, at first glance, rocks and landforms are silent and immobile. One of our most important missions is to get them to ‘talk’ because they carry Chablais Geopark really interesting stories about our past, which is dynamic and full of surprising twists. Since geoparks are not just for geologists, we must translate and share the complicated language of Earth sci- ence with visitors of all ages with vary- ing degrees of geological knowledge – this is sometimes a greater challenge than publishing an article in a scientific magazine. Arouca Geopark Guided geotours, oral presentations for the general public, school contests and opening new visitor centres, of course, are very important events in European Geoparks Week which occurs annually during late May and early June. However, there are also other ways to celebrate and communicate the links between geological and intangible heritage, local communities and their traditions. Apuan Alps Geopark 13 The European Geoparks Week 2014 GLOBAL GEOPARKS GLOBAL

Hondsrug Geopark Idrija Geopark

Sierras Subbeticas Natural Park Sobrarbe Geopark

Maestrazgo Cultural Park Villuercas_Geopark

Rokua Geopark Vulkaneifel Geopark 14 GLOBAL GEOPARKS GLOBAL

Geopark Eisenwurzen, Austria Shetlands Geopark

Karawanke Karawanken Geopark Naturtejo da Meseta Meridional

High quality and exciting outdoor sports activi- ties are becoming popular. Some coastal geoparks offered ‘geo-kayaking’ when, thanks to dedicated guides, visitors could also learn about the geology of the route along a coastline. Other geoparks or- ganized special programmes for cyclists who, be- sides cycling,visited iconic geosites. New snorkel trails, also advertised in 2014, required the cre- ation of interpretive information for underwater enthusiasts. Savour the culinary delights of Geoparks! Fami- lies had fun making ammonite shortbread, con- glomerate buns and chocolate volcanoes, at the same time the keen ‘bakers’ were familiarized with key geological principles. Clearing of a blocked cave provided a memorable experience for volun- teers and, after finishing the hard work, traditional food products were tasted from other European Geoparks. ‘Enjology!’ was the special motto of Ital- ian geoparks in 2014: it was an excellent means of highlighting the relationship between geodiversity and typical agri-food products in their regions. All of these unique experiences help to make lo- Massif des Bauges Geopark cal people familiar with geoparks and to be proud of living in a European Geopark. The European Geoparks organized approximately 900 events and welcomed nearly 80,000 people during the EGN Week 2014. Their on-line presence on the web and social media plays an increasingly important role but still more than 160,000 printed programme flyers were published around our continent.

Barnabás Korbély [email protected] Chelmos - Vouraikos Geopark 15 signing the Mt. Lushan guest book during the 16 Zhu Dong, exhibition ceremony of Global Geopark Director opening GLOBAL GEOPARKS A flower as a natural and cultural bridge between continents The Intercultural Peony Project gardens in Lorsch and Mt. Lushan; 3 involvingre 3 Lushan; Mt. andLorsch ingardens four peonyestablish to ofexhibition;2 arts an 1 consists phases: project The (Germany). Abbey international, an Geopark Mt. Lushan developed(PR China) and the WHS Lorsch have City interculturalGlobalpartnershiptheproject inwith Lorsch the of and Bergstrasse-Odenwald Geopark symbol for prosperity and nobility. as the “emperor of flowers” the peony represents a artists and poets for more than 3000 years. Known portantingredient herbalinmedicine, inspiredhas P eiie Te 8 The medicine. and Germany. fascinatingmedicinaltheplacein history China of variety, new a naming by and gardeninternationalpeony nection with the history of the peony by creating an dictine rose”. The City of Lorsch celebrated its con thereason whythe peony isalso called the“Bene southernfromplantisthisduced thisEurope,and LorschofAbbey, Worldnowa Heritage Site,intro medicinal use of the peony. the The to Benedictine refers Europe, Monks in Ages Middle early the in ter), the oldest collection of classical remedies used (included in UNESCO’s Memory of the World Regis Lorsch Abbey. ae o ti sae bcgon, h Global the background, shared this on Based In both countries the peony was used in herbal in used was peony thecountries both In In China, the peony, which is still is used as im as used is stillpeony, isthe whichChina, In eony – the flower, which grows nowadays grows which mainly in flower, botanical and private gardens the – has a – eony Paeonia lactiflora laureshamensislactiflora Paeonia th etr “osh Pharmacopeia” “Lorsch century after the after ------botanical garden of Global Geopark Mt. Lushan. internationalmentationan of thepeonygarden in as the peony’s role as a bridge between continents. wellcontemporarytraditional as andartsChinese into insights unforgettable with visitors of sands Mt. Lushan and the Chinese Council for Culture. Federal Government of Hessen, the Global Geopark representativestheby attendedceremonyfrom a of Lorsch, from June 1 JuneLorsch, Cityfrom of the of Centre Museum the in implemented of thematic touristic travel packages. search and exchanging peonies; 4 the development the city of Lorsch and the WHS headquarters. Geopark were transferred to the Museum Centre of andpaintings collected andselected byMtLushan poetry,calligraphy,drawingsof inkExamples ists. and contemporary33artcalligraphy peonybypoems peonys of paintings 70 included exhibition The project will continue in 2015 with the imple Thethree-months long exhibition provided thou The first phase, the peony arts exhibition, was exhibition, arts peony the phase, first The The exhibition was opened on the 1 the on openedexhibitionwas The (Global Geopark Bergstrasse-Odenwald), (Global Geopark Mt. Lushan) – China st to August 17Augustto (City of Lorsch), - Germany, continents bridge between cultural andartistic creates anatural, flower which The peony–the th st Gabi Dewald , 2014. The2014. , Jutta Weber of June in June of Zhu DongE - - - Odenwald Bergstrasse- Geopark the Global exhibited in artists were 33 Chinese created by calligraphy and 70 paintings Exhibition - The Peony very popular 300 year old Baimatan, a activity for boatmen’s rafting at in an international project for interpreting geological heritage Global Geoparks Naturtejo and Tianzhushan annually, the river Bamboo 400,000 visitors culture. revives GEO.P The meetingbetween the Geopark’s planof the projectteamand Tianzhushan primary Directors toprepare A photographyexemplifies the project’s commitment and videolayout, art design,park design, cartoon tourismin management planning,and graphic and experts involvementofUniversity. ZhengzhouThe from LiuProfessorBangli andEngland in Bath of supervisedJosephDr.byFinch Universityfromthe translationsforeignlanguagesqualityofisin The Geographic.NationalChinese of editorsenior the NaturtejoGlobalGeopark,Portugal, ZhihuaLi,and CarvalhofromGeosciencesde CarlosNeto of and tourism such as Dr. Kejian Xu from China geo University in respectively, experts Science of Academy and Youyu Xie from Peking University and Cui the ZhijuChina professors geomorphologists, e.g. erals, Tao from the Nanjing Kuiyuan Institute Professor of Geology e.g.and Min geologists, includes team The schools. and public general the for provision ityofthe scientific information for the educational qual theguarantee to project this in part taking Tianzhushan Geopark. languagesentcater forinternationalto visitors to guidebook,leaflets and a tourist map in five differ promotional video and the design of a new geopark iting popular science texts, the production of a new andmerchandising, the websitetraining of tour guides, ed a mascots, exhibitions, geo-educational innovative design of about the150 information involves panels, Project Tianzhushan The hotels. run tural sites, visitor centres, local schools and family- includes improving signage, alsolocal museums Itand cul routes. metamorphismultrahigh-pressure educational the and landforms, granite turesque pic of areasamazing Palaeocenethe sites, fossil remarkablegeological heritage Tianzhushan;of its of the project is to refresh the interpretation of the developed by Tianzhushan Global Geopark. The aim school’s Boardof annual activities. ARK An internationally renowned team of experts is experts of teaminternationallyrenowned An na University of Geosciences in Beijing is being n internationaln project coordinated Chitheby ------China and Europe for the next in six institutions months. respective their in and field the in shops and tourism companies. farms,family-run hotelsrestaurants,and localgift andmuseums, cultural sites, local schools and eco- areasscenic thebusinessmen responsible forand inhabitants local the with discussions in rectors di of board Geopark’sand involvedstaff the also ofTianzhushan Global Geopark. The working group manager Yu, Guosheng of coordination the under week one for territory the in worked and visited that experts of group the tocontribute to invited was Geopark, Portuguese the of coordinator tific scienCarvalho,de Netorelationship. Carlosness technical management,fields of tourism busi and the in experiences of exchange active an fosters July.agreementpartnershipsisterlastsignedThis cooperation official the under project the in part to best practice. The multidisciplinary team will work intensivelywork will multidisciplinaryteam The take to invited was Geopark Global Naturtejo China University of Geosciences, Beijing [email protected] Tianzhushan Global Geopark Carlos Neto de Carvalho Naturtejo Global Geopark [email protected] [email protected] Guosheng Yu Kejian Xu - - - Tianzhushan. eco-farm at hotel and family-run Mr. Ge’s team visits The project GLOBAL GEOPARKS 17 Pre-dinosaur tetrapod footprints

GEOCONSERVATION as a new asset of the Geopark Carnic Alps he rich fossil heritage of the Geopark Carnic TAlps has recently been expanded by a new as- set — the oldest traces of land-dwelling verte- brates in Austria. The first and hitherto only speci- men with Palaeozoic tetrapod tracks from Austria was discovered near Kötschach-Mauthen in 1979. Compared with the ichnotaxon Ichniotherium cot- tae, these tracks argued for an Early age for the footprint-bearing red-beds of the discov- ery site. The latter belong to the Laas Formation, a thick succession of volcaniclastic-sedimentary rocks that underlays the calcareous to lo- cally sequence of the Gailtal Alps. According to more recent studies, the ichno- genus Ichniotherium refers to trackmakers of the clade Diadectomorpha. It represents a group of Late Carboniferous and Early Permian reptile-like amphibians including some of the earliest herbivo- es, desiccation cracks, ripple marks and microbi- rous tetrapods on Earth. Diadectomorph fossil re- ally induced sedimentary structures characterizing Amphisauropus mains are known from Canada, the Czech Republic, floodplain fines within a thick series of alluvial fan tracks from the Germany, Great Britain, Morocco, Poland and the deposits. The new footprint material supports the Geopark Carnic Alps. US. The Kötschach-Mauthen specimen is the only supposed Early Permian age of the Laas Formation potential record of this important and wide-spread and its interpretation as deposits of a continental group of terrestrial tetrapods in the whole of the basin almost 300 million years ago. Alps. In order to confirm the previous footprint report, Sebastian Voigt, Voigt and Marchetti explored the Geopark Carnic Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP / Burg Lichtenberg (Pfalz), Alps in 2013. A new site with reddish sand-, silt- and Burgstraße 19, 66871 Thallichtenberg, Germany ([email protected]) claystones of the Laas Formation yielded footprints of two more tetrapod ichnotaxa, Amphisauropus Lorenzo Marchetti, Haubold, 1970 and Dromopus Marsh, 1894. Poten- Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università degli Studi di Pa- tial producers of these trace fossils are Seymouria- dova, via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy morpha, i.e. ca. 50 cm long reptile-like amphibians ([email protected]) related to the Diadectomorpha, and early diapsids Dromopus Hans Peter Schönlaub, Gerlinde Krawanja-Ortner tracks from the of similar size. The trace-fossil bearing sediments Geopark Carnic Alps, 9635 Dellach/Gail, Austria Geopark Carnic are associated with invertebrate traces, root trac- ([email protected]; [email protected]) Alps.

Kötschach- Mauthen specimen with tracks previously attributed to cf.

18 GEOCONSERVATION

Itzurun Beach and the Zumaia section contain 14 geosites of International stratigraphical, palaeontological and geomorphological interest. Inventory of Geosites: A Basic Tool for Managing Geological Heritage in the Basque Coast Geopark. eology, and more specifically the management tion and initiatives designed to maximise the Gof geological heritage, forms the bedrock of value attached to each geosite. any geopark project. Consequently an inventory of 5. Cross-referencing of data and compilation of geosites provides a basic management tool which comparative graphs and maps to carry out a enables the effective planning of scientific, geo- diagnosis of the Geopark’s geological heritage. conservation, educational and geo-tourism initia- The aim is to identify the location of the geo- tives. An inventory is much more than a simple list sites and their significance. of places of geological interest. It should involve a 6. Conclusions and management proposals: defi- selection of sites that together represent the ge- nition of priority research areas in less studied ology of the local area, and it should also include disciplines; regulatory proposals for unprotect- a quantitative analysis of the different parameters ed geosites; conservation proposals for more that will help plan their management in the future. vulnerable geosites and proposals for infra- The Basque Coast Geopark has undertaken an structures and educational material to improve inventory of 54 geosites , using the following the potential for public use. methodology. More information is available at www.geoparkea. com Geological 1. Meeting of a committee consisting of 10 ex- map and perts in different geological disciplines. Each distribution Asier Hilario, Leire Barriuso of the expert proposed 10 sites of interest in relation Basque Coast Global Geopark. to his or her field of expertise. geosites in [email protected] the Basque 2. Selection of a list of sites. The most important Coast Global parameter borne in mind during the selection of Miren Mendia Aranguren Geopark sites was that they should be representative of University of the Basque Country. (Photo Iñigo [email protected] all the current and past geological processes re- Aizpurua) corded in the rocks. This process resulted in the selection of a definitive list of 54 sites. 3. Design of an in-house assessment sheet adapted to the specific characteristics of the geopark and compatible with other geopark as- sessments in Spain, as well as with the GEO- SITES project (UNESCO-IUGS). Each sheet con- tains an initial descriptive section, followed by a second quantitative assessment section focus- ing on the following issues: 1) scientific value 2) potential for public use and 3) vulnerability. 4. Fieldwork and completion of the sheets. Each sheet includes a space at the end of the page for recommendations regarding geo-conserva- 19 GEOCONSERVATION

Kim Rothemel in an overgrown gravel- quarry. Geotope protection in the GeoPark Swabian Alb n contrast to the biosphere, the basis of life, the selected. With the aid of GPS, the first 80 geo- Irocks, are still neglected, even within the poli- topes in three counties and in Ulm were mapped tics of environmental protection. The existence by Kim Rothemel from Würzburg University. The and weathering of rocks prior to the advent of new geotope data were included in the LGRB da- plants and animals is one of the main factors in tabase and documented by photographs. Some soil formation, a significant component for sur- geotopes are in a bad condition, especially quar- face water retention. With a concept of geotope ries often become overgrown. We hope, that the management, and based on the geotope register detailed mapping will make the the geotopes of the Authority of Geology, Mining and Raw Ma- more visible and open to the public. Each visitor terials in Freiburg (LGRB), a detailed compilation to the Swabian Alb should be able to experience of the most important geotopes in the Swabian the beauty of these sites. Alb, their condition, their need for protection and In addition to mapping, on the 21st September preservation was initiated in August 2014. The the GeoPark celebrated the “Day of the Geotope” GeoPark also aims to develop a network with in the Swabian Alb. Every 3rd Sunday in Septem- ber this day is celebrated in Germany, nationwide. A polished scientific institutions involving the mapping of example of geotopes by university students. The GeoPark designated the Böttinger Marble, as Böttinger During the summer of 2014, 420 geotopes one of the most beautiful geological phenomena Marble. from 1900 geotopes in 10 counties were in the Swabian Alb. Despite the inclement weather, approximately 500 visitors found their way to the quarry of the Böttinger Marble. Visitors enjoyed the guided tours and the information on the palaeontology of the marble. The hydrothermal rock is 10 mil- lion years old and originated from the precipita- tion of calcium carbonate in hot springs associ- ated with the Swabian volcano. It is both an im- portant geotope and a significant cultural asset.

Dr. Dana Pietsch GeoPark Schwäbische Alb e. V. Von der Osten Str. 4,6 (Altes Lager) 72525 Münsingen Tel: +49 (0)7381-9386495 Fax: +49 (0)7381-501 277 [email protected] www.geopark-alb.de 20 GEOCONSERVATION

Taking soil profiles in Trautzberg Maar in cooperation with Trier University Recovery of an ancient maar lake in Vulkaneifel Geopark

ulkaneifel has a strong volcanic legacy con- Vsisting of maars and cinder cones. In the 1980s, geomagnetic research was car- ried out throughout the Vulkaneifel region which proved the occurrence of a maar in the depres- sion close to Trautzberg. Soil profiles in cores recovered from Trautz- berg Maar revealed an interbedded sequence of organic and clay layers indicative of deposition in a lake at a time when Trautzberg Maar was probably filled with water. This conclusion is substantiated by the his- torical maps of Tranchot and Müffling from 1810/1811, who mapped the Eifel region for the French Emperor Napoleon. The maps from situation was clarified, planning of the restora- Sediments in 1811 record the occurrence of a wetland at the tion began as a collaborative project with the Trautzberg Trautzberg Maar site. Trautzberg Vulkaneifel Nature Park and Geopark. The proj- Maar: Maar with Following World War 2, the Trautzberg Maar alternating small ect aimed to reclaim the original wetland in an layers of clay was drained as part of an agricultural land rec- ecologically sound way without impacting heav- lake only lamation programme in the early 1960s and and peat. weeks after ily on the environment by focussing on capping damming since that time was used for pasture. the old drainage system and building a small the drainage In recent years, the local community decid- dam as an overflow. system. ed to restore their maar. After the ownership The reclamation of the wetland in the maar is important because it contributes to the geologi- cal heritage of Vulkaneifel. Vulkaneifel is also an important resting place for migrating birds. Therefore the creation of additional wetlands has been requested by biologists. Biologists are currently monitoring the changes in the plant communities associated with the developing wetland at Tautzberg Maar. The restored Trautzberg Maar has recently been made accessible by a new hiking trail and will be another highlight for nature- and geo- tourism in the southern part of the Vulkaneifel Nature Park and Geopark.

Julia Franzen, [email protected]

21 GEOCONSERVATION

The location of the Burren and Cliffs of Moher Geopark. A community-initiated groundwater tracing project in the Burren and Cliffs of Moher Geopark, County Clare, Ireland. he Burren is one of the best examples of Ta karst landscape in the world. Groundwater flow patterns are complex and much of the groundwater flows in underground conduits at high flow rates. The groundwater of the Burren has been classified as ‘extremely vul- nerable’ by the Geological Survey of Ireland. Over the years cavers have contributed a huge amount of information about caves and ground- water flow in the Burren Much of this informa- An tion has not been published in peer-reviewed example of journals and in some cases there is no known groundwater flow through data to verify flow paths. a cave in the In order to fill in a gap in our understanding Geopark. about the flow path of waters draining the Car- ran Turlough at Castletown sink, the Clare Caving Club con- roles in the project are: The Carran tacted the Burren and Cliffs of 1. The Geological Survey of Ireland (Groundwater Turlough. Moher Geopark for support for Division) supplied the dye for tracing. a dye tracing project. The as- 2. Clare County Council (through Irish Water) sup- sumed emergence, the Fergus plied 150 water sample bottles. River Springs, ultimately feeds 3. Clare Caving Club initiated the project, and into the public drinking water used the expertise of its members to run the supply of the town of Ennis dye trace, collect and analyse water samples. (pop. 25,000). 4. Lisdoonvarna Secondary School students par- This project provides the ticipate in water sampling and collating infor- Burren and Cliffs of Moher mation. Geopark with the opportunity The outcomes of this project will be: to facilitate a process whereby a) An education programme involving primary several public bodies, a local and secondary school children secondary school and the cav- b) A public exhibition on groundwater at Lis- ing club can work together on doonvarna Spa Wells a project which has scientific, Following a dry summer, the rains have come public health and educational and we await the optimum conditions for dye re- value, and ensures that the lease and to initiate the investigation. learning outcomes of the proj- ect will be available to all. Dr. Eamon Doyle [email protected] Project partners and their

22 GEOCONSERVATION

The Kraus Cave of Gams. Spectacular Geotopes in Geopark Eisenwurzen his year saw two important scientific meet- appearance. The Kraus Cave, as it is now named, Tings at the Eisenwurzen Nature and Geopark. was the first cave in the world to use electric From 22 to 25 May the Working Group of the lighting. The cave is a protected site and some German Society of Earth Sciences on Geotopes 5000 visitors take the opportunity to visit it each met at St. Gallen. Some 70 scientists from Ger- year. many, Switzerland and Austria presented their Owing to its fragile climate the Beilstein Ice research results and attended the field trips. Cave is accessible only only to, a small number of From 9 to12 October the Association of Austrian visitors. Located in a high forest, this cave is the Speleologists held its annual conference at the only known ice cave in the Eastern Alps which is “Geovillage” of Gams. The famous local caves situated below the tree line. The three meter high are also spectacular geotopes, and the GeoTrail ice columns rising from the 14 meter thick ice of Gams – recently awarded the title of Austrian floor make a visit to the cave a real adventure. “Thematic Trail of the Year 2014” ­­- attracted In addition, the Arzberg Cave in which the dis- 140 participants. covery of prehistoric tools was described in Mag- The conference commemorated the 180th an- azine 11, has developed a touristic programme niversary of the birthday of Franz Kraus (1834 from spring 2014. - 1897), a leader of Austrian speleological re- Altogether, there are as many as 144 regis- search in the late 19th century. Spending the tered caves in the Eisenwurzen. Like the spec- summers at Gams, he developed, together with tacular Bergmandlloch Cave with a total length the local citizens, a cave as early as 1882 as a of 800 m, most of them are not accessible to tourist attraction. It is one of the extremely rare the public. gypsum caves and the largest of its kind in Cen- Heinz Kollmann, The Beilstein tral Europe. Spectacular solution patterns, wide- The Irmgard Auer Ice Cave of spread deposits of white crystalline gypsum and Bergmandlloch [email protected] Gams. dripstones contribute to the cave’s spectacular Cave of Gams.

23 GEOCONSERVATION

Cabo de Gata-Níjar EGN Week 2014. “That was life” - AsÍ era la vida An intangible heritage project in Cabo de Gata Nijar Geopark

resented in Cabo de Gata-Níjar 2014 EGN Pweek, That was Life (Así era la vida) is a photographic project promoted by the Geopark and produced by Carmen Fernández, a Geopark’s enterprise collaborator. The project developed from the need to collect and preserve the ter- ritory’s scattered past, by recording the oral history and the scant photographic evidence available. As a result of this project a hundred photographs and sound recordings have already been collected and will form the basis for a more extensive programme, including exhibitions and local activities, guided visits, cultural events and publications. The extremely arid climate, relatively poor soils season contributed to the development of a Presentation and isolation explain the late and scattered occu- network of water storage systems and a new of the project at the pation of this territory. This background provides phase of occupation. House of the a scenario of mixed, loosely connected communi- • Mid XX Century: Neo-colonization led to the Volcanoes. ties and, in many cases, with problems in finding establishment of towns, fostered by the dic- a common identity. tatorship, to develop rural abandoned areas Also, this area has been populated sporadi- through agriculture and mining. Mine closures cally, and even nowadays its density resulted in depopulation. is remarkably low. The following stages can be • Late XX Century: The development of tourism recognized in the history of the occupation of the and the appreciation of the cultural and envi- Geopark’s territory: ronmental values of the region led to the last • XVIII Century: Development of a coastal de- influx of new inhabitants. fensive system against North African pirates, which hampered the establishment of stable Therefore, one of the main objectives at Cabo de Gata-Níjar Global Geopark is to develop bot- A photograph . of traditional • XIX-XX Century: A period of transhumance in tom-up activities that allow its inhabitants to re- fishermen. which the use of pastures during the winter appropriate the values of the territory’s heritage, as stated in the EGN Charter. Thanks to this project, the Geopark wants to give the new and former inhabitants a common sense of wonder about the history of the Geopark and to recover the past for future generations.

Pablo Rivas Palomo, Carmen Fernández Peña and Víctor Vargas Escudero [email protected], asieralavida@ parquenatural.com and [email protected]

24 MUSEUM - INTERPRETATION - MUSEUM

Students from a school in the Geopark at the opening day of the exhibition. The new interpretive exhibition at the Information Centre of Cerro del Hierro Natural Monument, Sierra Norte de Sevilla Geopark he new interpretive exhibition was installed Tat the Information Centre of Cerro del Hierro Natural Monument in the spring of 2104. Several panels, installed in the three rooms used for the exhibition, show, in a didactic and attractive way, the features of the Natural Mon- ument including: how the Cerro del Hierro (iron hill) was formed; the nature of the natural and cultural landscape; the unique flora and fauna of this location; the history of mining, with special emphasis on the most recent activity; and the current public activities in the area. A small model shows the most significant elements of mining in the last century and the characteristic karstic morphology of this region. Network, the Sierra Norte de Sevilla Geopark, Panoramic Room with There is also an exhibition of the most common and the current Spanish Geoparks. view of a panels about rocks and minerals from the Cerro del Hierro. section of ​​ This exhibition is completed by two panels on the Natural The Natural Areas Network of and the Cerro the outside of the building, explaining the bio- Monument, some details of the Sierra Norte de Sevilla region del Hierro model and Natural are described in a specific panel. Another panel diversity and geodiversity of the Geopark and an exhibition natural resources traditionally exploited in this Monument. of rocks and focuses on descriptions of Geoparks in the Eu- minerals ropean Geoparks Network, the Global Geoparks region. The Cerro del Hierro Natural Monument is a very special geological, natural and ethnographic location in the Sierra Norte de Sevilla Geopark, and is one of the most visited sites in Seville. The Cerro del Hierro is a large area of ​​abandoned iron mines, which expose a thick sequence of marine of Lower Cambrian age, which were subjected to karstic processes immediately after sedimentation in a tropical climate. The Cam- brian karst topography involved the formation of large sinkholes, limestone pavements, pinnacles and title stuffed with clay rich in iron oxides.

Alberto Gil Toja [email protected] www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/sierranortede- sevillageopark www.facebook.com/PNSierraNorteSevilla 25 MUSEUM - INTERPRETATION - MUSEUM

The sieving station at the Shark Information Centre. Ice age sharks ? A Shark Information Centre in an unusual location

he northern part of the TERRA.vita Geopark life in the Ice Age have been found at several Tis characterized by glacial sediments. The sites in these hills. But there is one special place Examples Ankum-Bippen Hills, an easily visible structure where fossil hunters discovered something that of the fossil located some 20 kilometers north of Osnabrück, you definitely would not expect to find: the teeth teeth of were pushed up by glaciers to form a typical end of giant sharks Carcharocles . What type of fossils would you expect to sp, a shark Sharks swimming between ice floes in glacial which swam find here? Tusks of Mammoths probably, bones lakes? A really strange notion. However, geolo- in the tropical of cave bears or the remains of early humans of gists soon found an explanation for this strange sea. course. And indeed – the typical remains of early Geosite. When the glaciers moved across the northern German plains during the Second Ice Age, they scooped up and squeezed older Tertia- ry sediments, like scales, between the glacial de- posits. These Tertiary sediments were laid down in a former tropical sea, where sharks of various sizes used to live. The fossil site, under protection since the 1970s, was systematically explored by a scien- tist, contracted by TERRA.vita in 2011. The de- cision was taken to open an Information Centre on sharks as part of a regional Environmental Education Centre in the village of Bippen. The concept of the centre is based on indoor and outdoor sections. The indoor component con- tains six multimedia stations that can be passed through by visitors in single-file to gain informa- tion on the evolution of sharks, their behaviour, their diet, their environment and their method of reproduction. Outdoors, visitors will have the chance to sieve original material from the fos- sil site that was collected during the research work. Teeth that are found will be identified and collected by experts, while the visitors receive a cast model of a shark tooth for free. The centre - called “Haitec in der Urzeit” in German - will be opened in spring 2015.

Timo Kluttig Global Geopark TERRA.vita [email protected]

26 GEO TOURISM GEO

The path for expert hikers along South Pisanino ridge follows the highest peak of the Apuan Alps (1947 m). The Hiking and Geotourist Map of the Apuan Alps: A new tool to get to know the Geopark

very year thousands of hikers walk and climb Ein the Apuan Alps Geopark. In order to intro- duce the large numbers of visitors to its geologi- cal heritage, the Geopark has produced a new Hiking and Geotourist Map enabling tourists to discover the scientific and environmental signifi- cance of the geological and geomorphological features while trekking in the Apuan Alps. The Map, which includes two double printed sheets on a scale of 1:20.000, with keys in two languages (Italian and English), was derived from a GIS project combining geological, hiking and tourist information. The information provided includes the main roads and the very extensive A trail marker along network of trails represented by more than 600 a path in the km of footpaths managed by the Alpine Club of Apuan Alps. Italy. In order to disseminate scientifically correct information to a non-specialist audience and to workers in the territory, the geological features have been simplified following the field, are emphasized. An extract two main parameters: The age The tourist facilities (including mountain huts, from the of the rocks exposed on the sur- museums, visitor centres and information points) Hiking and face (Paleozoic Era and Periods Geotourist are additional components of the Hiking and Map of the for rocks of post-Paleozoic age) Geotourist Map of the Apuan Alps. Facilities cer- Apuan Alps and their basic classification (e.g. tified by the Park Authority for their eco-friendly Geopark sedimentary rocks and meta- choices, are highlighted with a special label. morphic rocks). The 253 sites The Map is available at an affordable price included in the Geopark’s Inven- through the e-commerce website http://www. tory of Geosites, have also been shop.parcapuane.it. highlighted in the key of the Future developments will result in a free web simplified geological map. They map allowing interactive consultation, the selec- are categorized by clear sym- tion of customized itineraries and details through bols (points, lines, areas) which the activation of additional hyperlinks. facilitate an immediate under- standing of the nature of each Alessia [email protected] geological site. In this way the Antonio Bartelletti [email protected] features in the landscape, which Giuseppe Ottria [email protected] Emanuele Guazzi [email protected] are more easily recognizable in Silvia Ravani [email protected] 27 The European Geoparks Network today

The Network consists of 64 Georarks in 22 European countries (September 2014) www.europeangeoparks.org 1. Réserve Géologique de Haute Provence FRANCE 2. Vulkaneifel European Geopark GERMANY 3. Lesvos Geopark GREECE 4. Maestrazgo Cultural Park Aragon, SPAIN The European Geoparks Network today 5. Psiloritis Nature Park GREECE 6. TERRA.vita Nature Park GERMANY 7. Copper Coast Geopark IRELAND 8. Marble Arch Caves European Geopark NORTHERN IRELAND, UK 9. Madonie Geopark ITALY 10. Rocca di Cerere ITALY 11. Nature Park Steirische Eisenwurzen AUSTRIA 12. Nature Park Bergstrasse Odenwald GERMANY 13. North Pennines AONB ENGLAND, UK 14. Park Naturel Régional du Luberon FRANCE 15. North West Highlands SCOTLAND, UK 16. Geopark Swabian Albs GERMANY 17. Geopark Harz. Braunschweiger Land. Ostfalen GERMANY 18. Hateg Country Dinosaurs Geopark ROMANIA 19. Beigua Geopark ITALY 20. Fforest Fawr Geopark WALES, UK 21. Bohemian Paradise Geopark CZECH REPUBLIC 22. Cabo de Gata - Nijar Nature Park Andalucia, SPAIN 23. Naturtejo Geopark PORTUGAL 24. Sierras Subbeticas Nature Park Andalucia, SPAIN 25. Sobrarbe Geopark Aragon, SPAIN 26. Gea Norvegica NORWAY 27. Geological, Mining Park of Sardinia ITALY 28. Geopark CROATIA 29. English Riviera Geopark ENGLAND, UK 30. Adamello - Brenta Nature Park ITALY 31. Geo Mon WALES, UK 32. Arouca Geopark PORTUGAL 33. Shetlands SCOTLAND, UK 34. Chelmos Vouraikos GREECE 35. Novohrad - Nograd Geopark HUNGARY and SLOVAKIA 36. Magma Geopark NORWAY 37. Basque Coast Geopark, Pais Vasco SPAIN 38. Parco Nazionale del Cilento e Vallo di Diano, Campania ITALY 39. Rokua Geopark FINLAND 40. Tuscan Mining Park ITALY 41. Vikos - Aoos Geopark GREECE 42. Muskau Arch Geopark Germany/Poland 43. Sierra Norte de Sevilla Natural Park, Andalucia ,Spain 44. Burren and Cliffs of Moher Geopark Republic of Ireland 45. Katla Geopark Iceland 46. Massif du Bauges Geopark France 47. Apuan Alps Geopark Italy 48. Villuercaas-Ibores-Jara Geopark Spain 49. Carnic Alps Geopark Austria 50. Chablais Geopark France 51. Central Catalunya Geopark Spain 52. Bakony-Balaton Geopark Hungary 53. Azores Geopark Portugal 54. Karavanke/Karawanken Slovenia & Austria 55. Idria Geopark Slovenia 56. Hondsrug Geopark Netherlands 57. Sesia - Val Grande Geopark Italy 58. Kula Geopark Turkey 59. Molina Alto Tajo Spain The Network consists of 64 Georarks in 22 European countries (September 2014) 60. El Hierro Spain 61. Monts d’Ardèche France www.europeangeoparks.org 62. Ertz der Alpen Austria 63. Odsherred Denmark 64. Terras de Cavaleiros Portugal GEO TOURISM GEO

A Nordic walking trail in Beigua Geopark. Developing outdoor sports to enhance the geological heritage in Beigua Geopark he Beigua Geopark is located in Liguria De- Tpartment, in the north western part of Italy. As one of the most interesting areas in this re- gion it is renowned for its outstanding natural history, the beauty of its landscape and for its geology which is crucial for understanding the geological history of Italy, especially the evolu- tion of the Alps and the Apennines chains. Highlights of the Beigua Geopark include an extensive area of ophiolites with evidence of an ancient Jurassic ocean, impressive geomorpho- logical features testifying to past glaciers, pre- cious mineralogical sites, and fascinating well- preserved fossils. Besides its geological heritage, Canyoning Beigua has the richest in Liguria, in Beigua managed through three Sites of Community Im- Geopark. portance and one Special Protection Area. For some years the Beigua Geopark has launched several initiatives in the verse geological features of the geopark. Visitor A mountain field of sports and outdoor tourism Centres, Information Points, interpretive panels bike trail strongly supported by many organi- and signboards also provide information about in Beigua zations and local stakeholders. The the geodiversity in the territory of Beigua. Based Geopark. main goal is not only to develop more on a broad partnership, the Beigua Geopark and effective actions to support local de- several local authorities and stakeholders ap- velopment through the promotion of proved a comprehensive agreement to promote tourism, but also to take advantage local tourism through different outdoor sports of these activities to increase knowl- initiatives. During 2014 a new project called Geo edge and raise public awareness of Beigua Experience has been launched. This proj- the geological heritage. For these ect will organize and promote new mountain bike reasons several trails have been trails; these will involve the whole territory of the equipped for sports such as nordic Geopark, affecting some of the most famous and walking, canyoning orienteering, hik- attractive geological sites in Beigua. Other proj- ing, trail running, mountain biking, ects are under preparation such as the creation bouldering, climbing, horse-riding, of a shared calendar of outdoor sports involving diving and snorkeling along the coast. the geopark area throughout the year. These routes are located in areas of great geological interest allowing vis- Maurizio Burlando itors to enjoy the scenery and the di- [email protected] 30 GEO TOURISM GEO

Polished surface of an ammonite in the façade of an old house in Cabra. Cabra, Jurassic City walk through the streets of Cabra (Cordoba, ASpain) can become an unplanned trip back in time to the Jurassic Period, approximately 150 million years ago, to a time when this area was submerged beneath the ancient Sea of Tethys. This city represents a unique geological muse- um, in whose streets and buildings (altarpieces, cobblestones, fountains, columns, facades and surfaces), the remains of ancient sea floors are exposed with great clarity and beauty. The rocks sections through the fossils and in the case of A group visiting the of the city offer a window into the most distant ammonites provides spectacular examples of the internal morphology of their shells. Rock shapes quarries “El past of the region. Acebuchal”, In the construction of the city of Cabra, the red and colours in this city are true works of natural where stone from Sierras Subbéticas has been used ex- art. large scale “Cabra, Jurassic City” is an urban geological sedimentary Observing tensively. It consists of a Jurassic, ammonite-rich structures of sections of trail developed in 2014 by the Geopark Sierras reddish limestone with a nodular appearance. red nodular ammonites Subbéticas Management and the City Council This rock, known by geologists as the sedimen- limestone and tary facies ammonitico rosso, was deposited on of Cabra in collaboration with the University of can be belemnites Granada. It was planned on the occasion of the observed in inside La sea mounts which rose above the sea floor. The Geolodía (Geology-day), a weekend that annually situ. Asunción use of raw stone provides three-dimensional ex- Church. amples of the fossils; polished limestone creates promotes Geology in Spain. With regards to this event a booklet was published. It includes an in- troduction to the Geopark’s geological features, several sites of interest, some information about specimens of ammonites that can be observed during the walk and a map of the route. The trail, which can be easily completed on foot, ends with a visit to nearby quarries inside the Geopark. Here, the rocks that were used to construct the city of Cabra, can be observed in situ. Some of the quarries date from the Roman times. Nowa- days red limestone is no longer exploited in the Geopark. Through this trail, the close links be- tween geological heritage and cultural heritage are enhanced, where the remote past converted into stone has been carved by humans to create their own habitat, their own legacy, and their own culture.

Lourdes Guerra González [email protected]

Alicia Serna Barquero [email protected]

31 GEO TOURISM GEO

Left: The access to the Buca delle Fate (medieval mine) opened along a vertical Fracture.

Right: Tetrahedrite, an example of silver ore, from Montieri and fluorite a gangue mineral. Searching for the medieval miners in the Tuscan Mining Geopark The silver of Montieri and to a lesser extent from galena. The associ- he Tuscan Mining Geopark is rich in silver ated gangue minerals consisted of calcite, fluo- Tand a number of sites, especially in the Mon- rite and quartz. tieri area, still contain visible evidence of min- Silver mining at Montieri is documented in ing. The Etruscans were the first people to mine numerous historical and archaeological re- silver in the area. Later, in the Middle Ages, the cords. The most intense period of mining oc- production of coinage by the Republic of Siena e curred between the11th and 14th century. Volterra, was supported mainly by silver extract- In the 16th century, an attempt by Francis 1st, ed near Montieri. Montieri is a medieval village the Grand Duke of Tuscany, to reopen the mines whose foundation and existence was due only to proved unsuccessful. During the early years of the occurrence of mineral deposits and mining the 19th century the mining entrepreneur Louis activities linked to the extraction of silver. It is a Porte founded a Company to revive the Tuscany small village situated on the north-eastern slope copper and silver mines. Louis Porte’s objective, Plan of the of the hill, where the foundry and the mint of the like that of the Grand Duke and his successors, Buca delle Bishops of Volterra were established. was to exploit parts of the silver vein which had Fate Mine. The silver was extracted mainly from tetrahedrite not been discovered by the earlier miners. Unfor- tunately, this was not the case, the medieval min- ers had preceded them and the vein was worked out. Discover the medieval miners in the geologi- cal mining trail The Geopark has created a geological-mining trail where visitors can see medieval shafts and galleries, as well as mining works from the 16th and 19th centuries. Their particular character- istics, including their shape and location, have been interpreted through the careful geological study of the site and nature of the mineraliza- tion. This allows us to appreciate and understand the miners’ knowledge concerning the mineral- ization and the reasons for their choices in orga- nizing their working practices. Dip into the history of medieval mining and receive a wonderful lesson in geology and min- eralogy. Alessandra Casini [email protected]

Armando Costantini [email protected]

Giancarlo Pagani [email protected]

32 GEO TOURISM GEO

A karren field consisting of bare karst Geotrails to the karstic geoforms of Astraka Plateau in Vikos-Aoos Geopark he Vikos-Aoos Geopark is characterized by numer- Tous impressive karstic landforms, including deep gorges, steep mountain tops, caves, precipices, and rock shelters that attract both touristic and scien- tific interest. Astraka’s plateau, situated in the heart of Mount Tymfi, is a significant area of the Geopark regarding karstic landforms. Here the development of the pronounced karstic relief resulted from the in- teraction between the climate, including high rainfall, frosts, frequent snowfalls and the prolonged snow cover on faulted limestone. These factors are an ideal combination for the creation of a strong karstic relief. Because it can be accessed only on foot, albeit with little difficulty, the Astraka’s Plateau was selected as an area for the development of specific geotrails. An in-situ recording of geosites was organized; this in- Maanderkarren) that form by runoff on limestone sur- The bottom cluded data from speleological expeditions, informa- faces at angles less than 20o, dolines, clints and lime- of the tion provided by local people, scientific investigations stone pavements. Extensive examples of bare karst first shaft of “Tripa by the Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration surfaces occurring in areas of a few acres in size were and national and international publications. Ornio” cave also explored. (-584m.) Regarding the surface karst, a large number Subsurface karst forms, where surface water flows of features were generated creating an impres- either partially or completely underground into the sive landscape with solution grooves (Rinnenkarren, ground-water system, can be observed. Landforms consisting of closed depressions such as sinks, fun- nel or cylindrical shaped ponors and precipices are some of the features that define this site as a natural laboratory. Additionally, during in-situ data collection, several remnants of glacial landforms were identified, offering scope for a fascinating field of research in the future. The most important geosites were connected through the creation of 9 geotrails within the Astraka Plateau area. The philosophy behind this work focuses on the development of interpretative tools for under- standing the uniqueness of these geological monu- ments. The trails were recorded and subsequently presented in detailed maps, and related technical data were summarized in respective charts.

Georgia Kanellopoulou, [email protected] The Aris-Dimitris Leontaritis, [email protected] entrance to “Tripa Contribution from: VIKOS AOOS GEOPARK, Ligeris” Platia Pyrrou & M. Aggelou 1, 44332 Ioannina, GREECE, Con- cave tact: Haritakis Papaioannou (-386m.) ([email protected]). 33 GEO TOURISM GEO

Label for Elderflower Elixir created by the painter Ana Maria. “Nature Rhythms and Producing Art in Arouca Geopark - Portugal” emente de Futuro (“seed of the future”) is a SSocial Solidarity Cooperative within Arouca Geopark. We work together as volunteers sharing lead- ership, and always use local resources on our small organic farm, the source of our products. “Personal growth is the basis for sustainable de- velopment: growing vegetables is for us a cultur- al act which cultivates our inner beings.”— that is our motto. Thus we are trying to encourage the local community to accept Eco and Health Tourism. The mission of our artists in residence is to underpin our creative concept and to introduce Land Art both in the farm and en route to the geosites. balanced ecosystem. We are also particularly Social The work of self-help groups involving social proud to preserve two species of newt (Triturus therapeutic therapeutic painting provided the stimulus for marmoratus and Triturus boscai) and fireflies (Lu- painting groups in nature observation activities and led us to dis- ciola lusitanica). We feel that, as complete human cover our different artistic skills, as reflected “Semente de beings, it is not sufficient to just enjoy the natu- Futuro”. by the art produced. This process is compatible ral resources for our personal benefit; we should with biodynamic farming, food processing and also take social responsibility for all living beings, creative cooking, which uses edible native wild within and between species. flowers and aromatic herbs, such as “morugem” We also make our library and the school library (Stellaria media) for salads. available to the local community, which has re- At the same time we strive to maintain and mained mostly unaware of the Geopark’s geolog- Children learn preserve some species that are at risk of extinc- to identify and ical and biological riches. By promoting informa- understand the tion. We keep a flock of special sheep (“churras”), tion sessions and experiences that integrate art, characteristics for instance, providing us with precious wool education and the environment our outdoor cre- of newts. while our wonderful bees contribute to the farm’s ative, playful practice sessions with children and parents constitute a form of open-air “school”. Only by empathising with Nature as a marvel- ous masterpiece can people be encouraged to work for its preservation, keeping it safe, sus- tainable and alive.

Ana Jesus, Bonina Brandão & Urtelinda Ramos E-mail address/addresses: [email protected] [email protected]

34 GEO TOURISM GEO A historic shelter restored to celebrate

Master the anniversary craftsman Laurie Lambeth at work © North of an iconic trail Pennines AONB Partnership. alkers climbing the highest point in the WNorth Pennines Geopark will be able to take refuge from one of the country’s wildest winds thanks to the restoration of its peak’s cross-shaped shelter. The dry-stone shelter at the top of Cross Fell has been falling into disrepair for many years but the iconic structure is now even fit to protect St Augustine who, according to legend, was said to have blessed the inhospitable hill to protect it from evil spirits. Over a period of four weeks, local craftsman Laurie Lambeth led the restoration project. Ac- companying Laurie were two trainees from the Geopark’s Heritage Skills programme. The completed structure now stands proud on top of the 893m plateau, and will provide pro- tection on all sides from the wind, snow and the vicious Helm Wind; the only wind in the UK to said: “It’s the Pennine Way’s 50th anniversary in The shelter on Cross Fell, the The restored have a name. 2015 and the shelter has been here at least as long as the route, but it hadn’t been fulfilling its highest hill cross-shaped Thousands of walkers use the traditional shel- in the North structure will ter when walking the long-distance hiking trail, purpose for quite a few years.” Pennines provide shelter the Pennine Way. The restoration project was As part of the celebrations to mark the trail’s Geopark, needed for walkers for inspired by the iconic route’s 50th anniversary in anniversary, the BBC has filmed a special televi- complete many years to restoration come ©Laurie 2015. sion programme to be aired in 2015 with Paul Rose, the Vice President of the Royal Geographic © North Lambeth Simon Wilson, the Geopark’s Access Specialist, Pennines AONB Society, as presenter. Partnership. Laurie said: “The Cross Fell shelter has been a very interesting project to work on. It has always been an important local landmark, and so it was a privilege to restore it back to its former glory”. “We taught Paul some basic walling skills, and with some help he laid a number of stones that now form a part of the shelter” “It’s nice to think how many walkers will benefit from the new shelter. For some who get caught out in the fast changing and unforgiving weath- er, it could even be a life saver.”

Peter Samsom North Pennines AONB and Global Geopark Email: [email protected] 35 SUSTEINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTEINABLE

Isolation Sparks Fossís ice cream is the best! Innovation n Katla Geopark the magnificent geodiversity Iprovides an inspiration for the development and way of life of the local people and is candy for the soul for travellers in the area. Since Katla Geopark was admitted to the EGN, much work has been achieved in linking the geol- ogy and culture of the area by improving access to our hidden gems and enhancing the acces- sibility for tourists to educational material and local experiences through our local travel guides and packages. The Katla Geopark area used to be isolated from neighbouring communities because of un- bridged glacial rivers that were difficult to cross, a southern coastline with no natural harbours, has an exhibition on the Eyjafjallajökull eruption On top of inland mountains and icecaps. This environment in 2010. The farm has its own micro hydro pow- Eyjafjallajökull fostered on the one hand innovation and entre- er generation, a hot water borehole, and is now glacier. preneurship, and on the other an understanding experimenting with using rapeseed oil both for of the natural forces. Today the environment is cooking and as fuel for the tractors on the farm. very different – Katla Geopark is accessible all Þakgil is another example. A new camp site has year round and at the same time introduces visi- been developed from scratch very close to the tors to one of the most remote and unspoiled Katla Volcano. A micro hydro power station has Seljavallalaug areas of Iceland. – an old been built providing electricity for the camping and unique The spirit of innovation, however, still flourish- huts, and an open air dining facility has been swimming pool es in the Katla Geopark area. Þorvaldseyri, a pio- carved out in a cave in the soft palagonite forma- built in 1927. neering farm for growing cereals in Iceland, now tion. Super Jeep Tours is another innovation pro- viding glacier walks and snowmobile tours on the glaciers and icecaps of Katla Geopark including Eyjafjallajökull, Sólheimajökull and Mýrdalsjökull. Lamb, beef and arctic char are the most com- mon local foods available within the area and are served in all restaurants and hotels within the Geopark. Finally, locally produced ice cream is just another great reason for visiting Katla Geopark.

Isolation sparks innovationKatla Geopark

Steingerður Hreinsdóttir

Sigurður Sigursveinsson [email protected]

36 SUSTEINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTEINABLE

Assynt, voted the UK’s favourite landscape by the Geological Society of London. Could Social Enterprise be the future for Geoparks? he North West Highlands Geopark, situated history of the landscape. Tin the remote northwest region of Scotland, The conventional approach to securing income covers an area of 2000 sq. km and is home to for projects such as these has been to apply for just 2000 people. Having recently been voted the one-off grants or target the social responsibil- UK’s favourite landscape in a public poll organised ity budgets of corporate sponsors. North West by the Geological Society, its attributes are well Highlands Geopark believes, however, that their known among those with an interest in geology. unique landscape and place in the history of The challenge for this Geopark is to broaden the commands a value which corpora- appeal of the spectacular landscape of the North tions will seek to secure for their brands. Initial West Highlands and use it to help bring prosper- ity to this very sparsely populated wilderness. feedback for this business focussed model for The Geopark team has developed a social en- a Geopark has been very encouraging and the terprise model to safeguard financial security for North West Highlands Geopark looks forward to the future, developing revenue streams from ad- announcing a corporate sponsor for their innova- vertising and sponsorship to complement grants tive Geo-pod programme of information delivery and funding from more traditional sources. At the early in 2015. core of the Geopark is the concept to “Explore Geo-adventure climbing instructors prepare Deep Time” a tribute to James Hutton, the father for “vertical” tours of Torridonian sea- of modern Geology. An exciting new Geo-centre cliffs in the Geopark. exhibition will open early in 2015 to complement a range of geo-routes, geo-tours, geo-pods and Mike Goodwin geo-adventures aimed at engaging all ages and Marketing Manager, North West Highlands a wide range of interests in science, nature and Geopark ([email protected])

North West Highlands Geopark staff with statues of the great 19th century Geo-adventure geologists climbing Benjamin instructors Peach and prepare for John Horne “vertical” tours at Knockan of Torridonian National Sandstone sea- Nature cliffs in the Reserve. Geopark. 37 SUSTEINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTEINABLE

A chef discusses recipes based on using the products of local producers. Magma Geopark Engages with Communities by developing local menus: the GEOfood project n March 2014 Magma Geopark received a dic Countries’ Geoparks. Igrant from the Norden Fund-KreaNord pro- • Developing strong business relationships be- gramme for developing GEOmenus in the Nordic tween local SME´s in food and geo-tourism Countries. • Providing the EGN/GGN with common stan- The project originated from the Geopark’s re- dards for the development of GEOfood menus. solve to combine local culinary specialities with geo-tourism activities. Magma Geopark, Each Geopark will investigate possibilities for the project leader, is involved with eight other promoting and finalize the SMEs ex- partners: Odsherred Geopark, Denmark; Rokua periences in combining GEOmenus served in a Geopark, Finland; Reykjanes Geopark, Iceland; chain of selected restaurants. the Suõuroy Island Geopark project in the Faroe Several local actions have been planned: three Islands; Stonehammer Geopark, Canada, Fernan- workshops will be organized by each partner in do de Noronha Aspiring Geopark; Brazil; Shetland order to share ideas and suggestions for the con- Global Geopark, Scotland and Subbéticas Geopa- tent of the menus. rk, Spain. Cooperation with local food producers and lo- The project aims to: cal small enterprises aims to create partnerships that will continue beyond the duration of the • Promote local food as a unique Geopark experi- project. ence. The GEOmenus will be included in the local • Valorize the local small and medium sized en- Geopark´s activities, increasing the competitive- terprises (SMEs) in the food and tourism sec- ness of the Geopark´s tourism offer in the tour- tor in the Nordic Countries. ism market. Food and tourism will be linked for • Promote the creative industries, like local chefs the valorization of the geological, cultural and and local video makers. natural heritage. Common quality standards will • Expand the Geopark´s tourism offer with spe- be defined for the GEOfood brand supported by cialized packages including local food. the experience of Stonehammer, Shetland and • Increase the visibility of the Geoparks through Subbéticas Geoparks. Other Geoparks could the tailored booking channel (GEO2NOR book- benefit from the results of this project and pro- ing system). mote GEOfood through the European and Global Geoparks Networks. The project’s specific objectives are: Pål ThjØmØe, Sara Gentilini • Developing three local menus in each Geopark MAGMA GEOPARK, Sokndalsveien 26, • Developing one common menu within the Nor- 4372 Egersund; www.magmageopark.com 38 GEO EDUCTION GEO

The pottery produced by the Czech, Hungarian, We lovethe Muskau Arch Geopark! Polish and German participants First International Geopark Camp “Art Meets Geology” Is Over! rom the 29th of June the opportunity to express Fto the 6th of July, 2014 their creativity. They learned the European and Global how to process their chosen Geopark Muskau Arch resource material, how to use hosted 23 young people specialized tools and also to from from Bakony-Bala- respect the physical effort ton Geopark (Hungary), and high degree of precision Ceský Ráj (Bohemian Par- associated with the artists’ adise, Czech Republic) and work. Eventually each partici- the Polish and German pant created his or her own regions of Muskau Arch art object – and even the art- Geopark. ists were impressed by their During a period of eight variety. The results, six wood days, the young people carved reliefs, eight stone discovered the cultural reliefs, a bipartite earthen- and glacial landscape of ware relief and numerous the Muskau Arch, and were pottery vessels, seven acrylic also involved in workshops paintings and cut glasses or producing historical crafts goblets, are currently shown based on the use of natu- in the “Art meets Geology” Bruno, Herbert and Theo (G) ral resources. At the be- present their results. exhibition which will tour ginning of the 20th cen- the participating geoparks tury the region was renowned for the production beginning this autumn. The exhibition illustrates of glass and ceramics. the range of creative ideas and manual skills of The 12 to 14-year-old participants gained both young and established artists in transform- their first practical experience during the work- ing the typical resource materials of Muskau shop visits on day-one. A wood carver, an art- Arch into works of art. ist, a ceramist, a glass cutter and a stonemason And the conclusion by the young camp artists? demonstrated their skills in five different studios Pretty hard – pretty thrilling – pretty cool! and workshops. There, the group experienced the The camp also included excursions and fasci- nature of the materials, the use of specific tools nating activities such as a boat tour on the Neis- and made their first practical attempts. The art- se River, a night hike by torchlight, or bathing and ists described their daily work and impressed the swimming – no time for boredom, that’s for sure. group with their enthusiasm and passion. Then came the most difficult moment for each partici- Dipl.-Geogr. Nancy Sauer, pant: which material to choose? Which studio or Head of the Geopark Office Muskau Arch workshop to choose for making their work of art? M.A. Corinna Rudolf, During the next few days, the young people Vice-Head of the Geopark Office spent 3.5 hours each day in three workshops with www.muskauer-faltenbogen.de

39 GEO EDUCTION GEO

Processing of the data in the GeoLab Participants in front of the Walser Museum (Alagna, Valsesia). (Vogogna, Val Grande). EduGeoPark Research: An innovative student exchange partnership between Sesia Val Grande and Rokua Geoparks n 2013, Sesia Val Grande (Italy) and Rokua (Fin- Iland) Geoparks initiated a new partnership to de- velop an exchange programme for students from Secondary Schools. The programme aims to engage students and teachers in research activities in the Geoparks in- volving sampling and digital mapping, and develop- ing the practical field and laboratory skills required for interpreting the geology of an unknown terri- tory. The programme also aims to encourage team- work and develop problem solving skills In April 2014, 20 Finnish students, accompanied by 4 teachers from High School, visited the Sesia Val Grande Geopark, and were hosted by fam- ilies of the local Italian students (I.I.S. Luigi Cobian- chi, Verbania). Researchers from the Earth Sciences understanding the need of protecting the geologi- An example Department of the University of Torino,Italy, and cal heritage. of teamwork Geopark teachers and staff led field trips to the -ar In November 2014, the Italian students visited in the field. ea’s main geological and cultural attractions. These Rokua Geopark, and were hosted by the Finnish included the Sesia supervolcano, the deep structure families. of the Alps, the Insubric Line, the Monte Rosa Gla- International student exchanges between ciers; the Walser Community, the Candoglia marble Geoparks provide a window of opportunity, allow- laboratories used in the restoration of Milan Cathe- ing students to experience geological phenomena dral, and the Geopark’s interpretation centres. Con- and processes that do not exist in their own coun- cepts explored included plate tectonics, the geo- try. Living with the hosting families allows students logical time scale, geomorphology, , to experience the culture of the area, to make new volcanism, rocks, geo-resources, geology and the friends and to improve their language skills. local culture. The exchange project will continue. Geoparks are The Italian students guided their friends in us- ideal destinations for developing innovative, interna- ing an application suitable for smartphone and tional educational programmes which promote cul- tablet, to track their scientific expedition in the the tural values and the concept of . Geopark and to gather geo-referenced data and pictures. In using digital and traditional tools, they observed, asked questions, gathered data, and cre- Alessandra Magagna, [email protected] ated hypotheses and together with the local guides, they reconstructed the cultural and geological his- Marco Giardino, tory of the area. The digital data were downloaded [email protected] in a Google Earth format for post-field trip process- ing and discussion. Connecting landforms and the Edoardo Dellarole features of a landscape to a history is useful for [email protected] 40 English Riviera Global Geopark - UK Geopark EU project widens horizons for young people

across Europe EDUCTION GEO

The E-School links students from five European Geoparks with Hong Kong.

Thanks to Comenius funding, students and Geopark for the pupils. The Hong Kong Geopark teachers from five European Geoparks and one staff showed the participants the unique forma- Natural Park were hosted by the students and tion of the Sai Kung Volcanic Rock Region and teachers of Churston Ferres Grammar School in the Hong Kong Global Geopark Volcano Discov- the English Riviera Global Geopark during Sep- ery Centre, which opened in July 2014. tember 2014. Melanie Border, English Riviera Global Geopark Coordinator said “Our sister partnership with the uring the week-long visit the students had Hong Kong Global Geopark is well established Dthe opportunity to engage with each other, and active, so having the opportunity to link so take part in many activities and visit some of the many students from five Geoparks together with English Riviera’s key sites including Kents Cavern the Hong Kong Global Geopark in one live link The E-School and Berry Head National Nature Reserve. The was fantastic. As you can imagine all were fasci- view from group also enjoyed a Geopark cruise where they nated and had many questions.” inside the learnt about the spectacular geology and wildlife Maria James from Churston Ferres Grammar new Volcano of the Geopark coastline. School said: “So far under the project, students, Discovery Centre, Hong During the final day of the visit, the English from Churston have visited the Geoparks in Hun- Kong Global Riviera Global Geopark co-coordinated a live gary, Sicily and Norway experiencing firsthand Geopark. e-school session with the Hong Kong Global the cultural and geological experiences of the lo- cal communities.” “Partnerships like this not only help to build trust and understanding between people of dif- ferent cultures but also broaden the pupils’ ho- rizons, bringing languages and other subjects to life in the classroom.” “It also equips young people with the skills and understanding they need to become global citi- zens” The five Geoparks involved in the 2 year Co- menius exchange project are the English Riviera Global Geopark – UK, Gea Novegica - Norway, Nature Park Bergstrasse Odenwald - Germany, Madonie Geopark – Italy, Novohrad-Nograd – Hungary and Slovakia plus the Ardenne Natural Park - France.

Melanie Border, Geopark Coordinator [email protected]

41 GEO EDUCTION GEO

Front cover of the book Conocimiento del Medio Natural, Social y Cultural Geoparque Villuercas-Ibores-Jara. Participants in Geoconvivencia 2014. Improving teaching resources in Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Geopark he Geopark has a presence in schools through the Geopark concept, the physical environment, Tthe activities coordinated by an educational basic geological concepts, the geological heri- working group. It comprises representatives of tage in Villuercas- Ibores-Jara and the nature of the Extremadura Regional Ministry of Education ecosystems. The book also includes information and members of the Geopark’s Educational and on the Geopark’s flora and fauna, economic ac- Scientific Committee. This group creates and de- tivities, history, culture and traditions. The book’s velops teaching resources and learning activities. content was designed by professors José Mª Cor- The experience of creating our first teaching rales, Manuela Rodríguez and Jesús Vazquez. materials and their application in workshops The iBook “Geosites” for iPad devices is has resulted in the development of more com- available on the iBookstore. A PDF copy of the plex educational tools and activities. The earlier Textbook “Environmental Awareness of Villuer- teaching materials promoted learning by play of cas- Ibores-Jara Geopark” is available on http:// some basic concepts related to the palaeontol- www.geoparquevilluercas.es/canal/contenidos- ogy, geology, history and culture of the Geopark. de-aprendizaje/. The book will be expanded to The need for supporting literature, requested by include the following activities planned for the primary school teachers, was resolved by the 2014-2015 school year: production of an iBook “Geosites” and by the • Implementation of activities and workshops: new textbook “Environmental Awareness of Vil- Experimental activities related to the chapters luercas- Ibores-Jara Geopark”. in the textbook. The wall in This lavishly illustrated book, which comple- • Compilation of activities and workshops for Cañamero ments the Environmental Awareness subjects in School a new book of activities. Creating a second illustrating the final years of Primary Education, is also use- publication of practical activities related to aspects of the ful for teaching the Natural and Social Sciences themes in the textbook. Geopark. subjects in Secondary Education. Topics include • Geoconvivencia 2015. This is a Special Day involving the participation of several Primary Schools. The programme contains fun activi- ties, geological workshops and a seminar in which students show the results of their team- work activities linked to the geopark. • Educational Tours. The geological sites will be visited by the students and the teacher’s abil- ity to interpret the geological heritage will be improved.

José M. Barrera, [email protected]

Javier López, [email protected]

Juan Gil, jugimo@gmailcom

42 LESVOS GEOPARK GEO EDUCTION GEO

A visit to the Lesvos Prof Nickolas Zouros leads a guided visit Petrified Forest Park. to an ancient marble quarry. “Lesvos Geopark: The island of natural wonders and culture” An educational adventure through time: 300 million years in 96 kilometers ! esvos Geopark’s new ics, logic, biology, physics, Leducational pro- metaphysics, mathematics gramme involves a journey and astronomy. through 300 million years Students participating of geological history in in the educational pro- 96 kilometers. Beginning gramme visited, observed in Mytilene, the capital of and recorded the nature Lesvos Island, and ending of the major geosites in in the protected area of Lesvos Geopark, learned the ​​Petrified Forest of Les- to understand the geologi- vos the participants learn cal phenomena associated about the geological, natu- with their origin and about ral, cultural and archaeo- Students visit the Roman Aqueduct their significance in the de- logical monuments of the in the Geopark. velopment of the Aegean Lesvos Geopark. Sea region. They recorded data on the geological The Lesvos Geopark, an important geological, structure and rocks of Lesvos and discovered the ecological and cultural repository of the Earth, processes and phenomena involved in creating contains exceptional and important geotopes the Geopark’s landscape and the interaction be- including volcanoes, large faults and significant tween man and the landscape. fossil sites. The Lesvos Petrified Forest, desig- In the Petrified Forest students uncovered the nated by the Greek State as a Natural Monument, secrets of an entire ecosystem, fossilized 20 mil- dominates the western area of the Geopark. lion years ago, and made observations on the Given its unique , the large vegetation, climate, geological changes and pa- variety of ecosystems, bio- and geosites, Lesvos laeogeographic evolution of the Aegean region. Global Geopark is an ideal destination for educa- This educational programme aims, through a tional activities. hands-on approach, to develop the knowledge The Lesvos Geopark is closely connected with and skills required in collecting and recording Aristotle and Theophrastus, two of the most im- data in order to understand the geological phe- portant philosophers of antiquity. In 347 BC Aris- nomena of Lesvos Geopark and its Petrified For- totle visited the island and was captivated by the est. The programme also aims to stimulate the wildlife. He investigated the animal life in and student’s imagination and interest in the history around the lagoon of Kalloni, while his student of the geological evolution of the Geopark, the and friend, Theophrastus, studied the plants. This importance and protection of geotopes, con- activity led to the birth of a new science – biology. temporary environmental problems, as well as in Theophrastus, was born around 371 BC in Lesvos natural processes and natural phenomena. and his botanical studies had a significant influ- ence on medieval science. He also wrote on eth- K. Mpentana, N. Zouros

43 GEO EDUCTION GEO

An aerial Photograph of Dunhill Castle taken from a camera mounted on a kite.

Copper Coast Geopark: Archaeology from Above & Below

he Copper Coast Geopark took to the skies Tthis year for a bird’s eye view of our Geopark, not only for a new perspective of the present but also in the hope of catching a glimpse of our past. This award winning project is one of my fa- vourites to date, combining various disciplines including science, art, geography, geology, histo- ry and mathematics. Working with the 5th. year students from Stella Maris Secondary school, the aim was to investigate a local cultural heri- tage site using a combination of KAP, (kite aerial photography), ground photography, sketches and measurements. All of these activities, including a historical lecture on site, were part of the schools visit to the medieval Dunhill Castle The scientific aspect of archaeology helped students Minister). The emphasis this The kite and understand the reasoning and year was “Women in Science” camera flying above Dunhill technology behind remote and included inspiring talks from women working in the Castle’s east sensing, and more important- tower. ly, the experience of conduct- various sciences. ing a geophysical/archaeo- The students were awarded logical survey. Applying skills a KAP kit by Dr. John Wells, and knowledge from multiple chairman of the West Lothian sources helped solve prob- Archaeological Trust, Scotland, lems and aid research. Devel- who commended them for an oping skills in seeing, viewing outstanding piece of work add- and visualizing greatly aided ing that the KAP images were the reconstruction of the sto- of exceptional quality compared ry from traces and residues, with all the others in the scheme absences and presences. including Professionals and PhD The resulting A1 poster students. was then submitted as a The Students’ entire project ‘brick’ in the Heritage Wall ex- A1 poster: KAP study of Dunhill work poster was exhibited in the hibited during the “Archaeol- Castle and the Anne Valley. Copper Coast Geopark Centre ogy Above & Below” seminar as part of the European re-align in Balla, Co. Mayo on April 2014. The Seminar Geoparks Week Programme. and Conference was attended by archaeologists and geophysicists from around Europe and was Tina Keating opened by An Taoiseach, Enda Kenny (Irish Prime [email protected] 44 GEO EDUCTION GEO

School group presented with a summary of an educational hike in the Rokua and dune areas. Field excursions are a regular activity in many schools in Rokua Geopark. Rokua Geopark initiated the first Geopark schools in Finland okua Geopark has, over a number of years, A School Rcooperated closely with local schools and group other educational institutions. Several introduc- investigating tory lessons and workshops for teachers have the deepest hole in been organized together with professionals from Finland which the Metsähallitus and the Geological Survey of is situated in Finland. In addition, many themed days have the middle been arranged for students especially during an of Rokua environmental education project funded by the Geopark. European Regional Development Fund. their educational activities. The first Geopark As a result the teachers have experienced the Schools have already been established. possibilities of Rokua Geopark and its sites for To include the Geopark’s aims, the educational environmental education and outdoor activities institution has to fulfill certain criteria. For exam- and have also realized the importance for pupils ple, the institution should develop programmes to have a better understanding and appreciation that use the themes and sites of Rokua Geopark their home region. that are commensurate with the age of the pu- The schools recognized the need to become pils. The institutions’ policies and educational “Geopark Schools” and recently interest in this provision need to be compatible with Rokua concept has grown considerably. The renewal of Geopark´s themes, values and policies, comply national curricula, together with the concomm- with in the principles of sustainable develop- itant increase in the demands for nature educa- ment and contribute to the aims of the Geopark. tion and the Geopark’s activities, have contrib- The educational institution has to organize, in uted considerably to this development. During conjunction with Rokua Geopark, “Introductory the autumn of 2014, Rokua Geopark responded Geopark Classes” for their personnel and ap- to this need by drawing up instructions for edu- point a person to take the lead in coordinating cational institutions to apply for authorization to Geopark-related education and communication Rokua call themselves Geopark Schools (e.g. Geopark activities. Geopark has High School) enabling them to communicate and The criteria were established following the a visible include Rokua Geopark’s role and logo within general guidelines and educational principles of presence in the Geoparks Networks and, in more detail, the local schools. A view from values and aims of Rokua Geopark. The crite- the natural ria seek to prevent the misuse of the Geopark sciences and its logo, to promote the inclusion of the class room Geopark’s themes in the schools´ curricula and to in one of encourage the schools to contribute to the aims the schools. The schools of Rokua Geopark. use Geopark themes, Mikko Kiuttu such as the Project Manager landscape Rokua Geopark shaped by the Environmental education project ice, in their [email protected] curricula. www.rokuageopark.fi

45 Management Body of Chelmos-Vouraikos GEO EDUCTION GEO

Observing raptors at “Katavothres of Lousoi” Geosite. EuroBirdwatch festival 2014. Chelmos – Vouraikos Geopark “Educational, research and networking activities” umerous activities, undertaken in 2014, in- Ncreased the visibility of the Chelmos-Vourai- kos Geopark within the local community. Considerable effort was devoted to environ- mental education activities which focused on the following groups: 1) local schools and students, 2) the general public and 3) domestic and for- eign research institutions. During the “Week of Environmental Education” the Management Body of Chelmos-Vouraikos organized a campaign di- rected at 1500 students and 200 teachers, and delivered to all schools within the protected area. The week ended with the participation of Chel- mos-Vouraikos Geopark in the EuroBirdwatch14 festival which included observing raptors and hiking along a new geotrail in the area with a group of teachers that specialize in environ- mental education issues. Both events involved scientific activities in the protected area. Exploring the non- a comprehensive presentation on the Geoparks’ In order to better facilitate the economic de- touristic part of values and goals, the special geological features velopment of the region within a sustainable the Cave of the Lakes a prominent of the Geopark and also included valuable discus- framework, the Geopark collaborates with the sions on all aspects of the European and Global Geosite of Chelmos- local associations by organizing workshops ad- Vouraikos Geopark. Geoparks Networks. dressing local producers, advertizing local prod- (In collaboration Chelmos-Vouraikos Geopark contains a large ucts, participating in activities and exhibitions with the Office of variety of Geosites which cater for a wide range Palaeoanthropology- on alternative tourism, promoting environmental of activities and scientific disciplines. Due to its Speleology of the education and producing a large amount of infor- Ministry of Culture). importance the region has experienced an in- mation concerning the protected area. creasing number of visiting scientists. During last year, in addition to the ongoing investiga- All the above activities have greatly improved tions by Greek researchers, more than 10 sci- the visibility of Chelmos-Vouraikos Geopark in entific groups (geologists, biologists, ecologists, the region and increased the number of visitors and environmentalists) from eight different Eu- in the protected area. ropean countries have requested special permits in order to conduct research within the Geopark’s Maria Kamilari, [email protected] Eleni Koumoutsou, [email protected] territory. Working together with these groups has Gregoris Iatrou, [email protected] resulted in amassing additional scientific infor- mation and the creation of a network of collabo- Management Body of Chelmos-Vouraikos, rators that further enhances and promotes the Ag. Alexiou 35 Kalavryta, Greece. 46 CAPACITY BUILDING CAPACITY

Left: Participants in the training course view an example of a rock exposure in the Geopark.

Right: The training involves an introduction to fluvial processes. Training course for Geological Heritage Guides in Sobrarbe: A tool to create new employment in a Geopark he Sobrarbe Geopark organised a training Tcourse for Geological Heritage Guides in So- brarbe from the 17th October 2014 to the 14th February 2015. The contents of this course have been de- signed by the scientific coordinator of the So- brarbe Geopark to meet the challenge of training people and enterprises with little or no knowl- edge of geology to use the Geopark’s geological heritage as an economic resource for new enter- prises and for creating employment. The aims of the Geopark in organizing this course are as follows: • To train people who wish to use the geological heritage of Sobrarbe as a social, cultural and economic resource. • To promote the geological heritage as a fac- tor for developing and enhancing the creation area (hotel staff, restaurants, tourist offices,- mu An example of of new employment in the territory of the seums, interpretation centres and other points of the Geparks information), wish to increase the quality of the dramatic Geopark. landscape and • To initiate new entrepreneurial projects related services offered with more specialized informa- contrast in its to the use of the geological resources. tion. geology. • To promote the conservation and appreciation Thirty five people have registered to attend of the geological heritage, by increasing local this training course. The course includes a theo- participation. retical and a practical component consisting of People enrolled in this course are mostly new field visits which take advantage of the infra- entrepreneurs wishing to develop activities in- structures developed by the Geopark, such as volving the dissemination of geological heritage geological trails and the inventory of geological such as hiking, rafting and other adventure ac- sites. tivities, tours, workshops and educational activi- Ultimately, this course aims to signify So- ties with different groups. They also include local brarbe Geopark’s commitment to the preserva- enterprises and the staff of several companies tion and dissemination of knowledge about the engaging in services related to the natural and geological heritage and to stimulate the the cre- cultural heritage of the area involving outdoor ation of employment for local people. activities, adventure sports, environmental edu- cation and environmental activities. Some tour- SOBRARBE GEOPARK ism professionals, whose work includes interact- Anchel Belmonte Ribas ing with visitors and communicating knowledge Ana Ruiz Conde about the natural and cultural resources of the [email protected] 47 CAPACITY BUILDING CAPACITY

Beautiful basalt columns visited during the field trip for the Keszthely Hills training course. Opening the geological treasure chest of Bakony–Balaton Geopark he geotour-guide training courses, coordi- Tnated by the leading body of the Geopark, the Balaton Uplands National Park Director- ate (BUNDP), are one of the ’engines’ for the geotourism programmes in Bakony–Balaton Geopark. These 60 hour long training sessions – the only available geotour-guide training courses in Hungary to-date – have been organised since 2009. So far seven courses have been delivered in different regions of the Geopark. However, there is still much for future geotour-guides to discover or for those who just simply would like to understand and appreciate the territory’s out- standingly diverse geological and geomorpho- logical features. Altogether 98 people have participated in the programme, and some of them are already work- An exciting ing in tourism. Thanks to the enthusiastic par- The courses offer a unique opportunity to Participants experiment ticipants who completed more than one course, discover the geological, hydrological, ecological listening to to illustrate 172 certificates have been issued. Three courses and historical heritage of the Geopark, with the János Futó, geologist, volcanic were completed with the involvement of civil guidance of highly experienced experts. We have processes, one of the performed Geopark Partner Organizations, who successfully received very positive feedback regarding the instructors. by one of the applied for funds to make the courses financially quality of the training, and the guides now work guides. accessible for more participants. together as a cohesive community. Besides pro- viding participants with an interesting and joyful experience, the courses also offer a great oppor- tunity to develop new geotourism services. More than ten certified guides have become Geopark Partners of the BUNDP. For a modest annual fee, they can use the Bakony–Balaton Geopark Part- ner logo and their guided geotours are promoted by the Geopark. They can also take their geotour participants to the BUNDP’s visitor sites at a dis- counted entrance fee. Some of the Geopark Partner guides also lead geotours in English and German. They are eager to show you the geological wonders of Bakony– Balaton Geopark. You can read about them and their geotours at www.geopark.hu.

Anna Knauer, [email protected] 48 CAPACITY BUILDING CAPACITY

Location and view of the Veneris Hair Waterfall Geosite. Local Geopark CareTakers: an fruitful experience at Veneris Hair Geosite (Casaletto Spartano, Eastern Bussento River Landscape) ince 2010, one of the focal points for the SCilento-Vallo Diano Geopark has been the in- volvement of young people in the management of geo-heritage. The feasibility of the above objective was recognized during the field trip following the 12th EGN Conference in September 2013 to the Young Local “Veneris Hair Waterfall”, near Casaletto Spar- CareTaker in tano village, involving the participation of young action at the Veneris Hair people together with musical entertainment. Waterfall Based on this initial experience, an agreement and Spring was reached between the local government, local Geosite professionals and the Geopark management to by an understanding of the need to take care of create a new procedure involving young peoples’ the landscape, a strong awareness of the local involvement in geosite management. identity leading to a strategy for the sustainable The requirements of the new professional use of local environmental resources and an ap- should include: a good knowledge of the specific preciation and understanding of the role of man- geosite, its connections with the local traditions, agement . culture and economy; sufficient knowledge about Based on these factors, the new concept was Geopark geodiversity, Geopark trails, public and called “Geopark Local CareTaker” (LCT). During private transport and accommodation. The abil- the last summer a LCT start-up activity was initi- ity to accompany all categories of visitors, rang- ated at the “Veneris Hair Waterfall”, managed by ing from week-end visitors to more experienced the dr. Arnaldo Ludici, as Local CareTaker Man- geo-tourists and to participate in voluntary ager, and the dr. Aniello Aloia, as coordinating services involving geosite conservation and the Geopark Manager. maintenance of reception facilities. This resulted in a significant increase in visitor All the above requirements must be supported numbers, both local, national and international, a good review on Advisor Traveller Agency, and the award of a certificate of excellence. Based on these results, an advanced Geopark Local CareTaker Course will be held early next spring to extend the experience to other selected A graph geosites so that local governments can continue showing with their commitments to the Geopark, involv- the past ing coordinating the management of local geo- seasonal sites and the extension of visiting periods for cumulative educational activities for high school and univer- attendance curves for sity students. the visitors at the Aniello Aloia, [email protected] Veneris Hair Angelo De Vita, [email protected] Waterfall Domenico Guida, [email protected]

Geosite Arnaldo Iudici, [email protected] 49 Cooperation between Global Geopark Bergstrasse- Odenwald and WHS Messel Pit (Germany): Geo-education, geo-products, geo-communication CAPACITY BUILDING CAPACITY and geo-tourism

Left: Geoworkshop 2 at Messel Pit– creating fossils with natural materials. Right: Messel-honey – Geopark honey collected directly on site, an authentic product for both partners.

he Global Geopark Bergstrasse-Odenwald has, ural materials, building a volcano or exploring the Ttogether with local as well as international rain forest. Following two very successful years, the partners like World Heritage Site (WHS) Messel Pit, geo-workshop program will be continued in 2015. developed a wide range of communication and edu- The partner have has also developed a geo-edu- cational tools. The holistic Geopark concept of con- cational card game with basic information on the necting the geological, natural and cultural heritage Geopark and the WHS. fits perfectly with the philosophy of WHS Messel Geo-products Pit, which presents its outstanding universal value WHS Messel Pit has been integrated into the (OUV) to the public in an innovative way. In this con- Geopark´s local honey network, which is called text, a broad communication strategy, combined “Geopark honey – the sweet essence of nature”. In with visitor service and information as well as com- cooperation with a local apiarist, the Geopark of- mon events and products has been implemented. fers “Geopark honey” which is produced directly on Geo-education site and is sold in Messel Pit’s visitors centre to visi- The Geopark Rangers offer environmental educa- tors from all over the world. Geoworkshop Geo-communication & geo-tourism 1 at Messel tion programmes for target groups of all ages. As Pit – an part of their cooperation, the Global Geopark and Both partners have also developed a range of adventure the Messel Pit have jointly developed “geo-work- communication tools including geotope brochures, trip with the shops with the Geopark Rangers at Messel Pit” for common information leaflets, Earth history ad- Rangers to children from 7 to 14 years, presenting the main venture maps, workshops, public lectures, and the the geo-scientific themes of the Messel Pit which are presentation of the respective partner activities Messel Rain in their published magazines. In cooperation with Forest. “rain forest”, “fossils”, “volcanoes”, and “below the surface”. Activities include creating fossils with nat- the Odenwald Tourism Company, new trails and information packages have been developed, which inform visitors about overnight accommodation and activities in the Geopark and Messel Pit. The cooperation between Global Geopark Bergstrasse- Odenwald and Messel Pit, established during the last decade, is considered as a successful model for communicating our strong connection between ge- ology, humans, nature and cultural heritage within the Geopark, within UNESCO’s World Heritage com- munity and within the Global Geoparks Network.

Jutta Weber Global Geopark Bergstrasse-Odenwald) [email protected] Marie-Luise Frey (WHS Messel Pit)- Germany [email protected]

50 GEOP ARQUE PRESENTATION

El Roque de La Bonanza is a landscape symbol of El Hierro. This volcanic dyke in the area of Las Playas suggests two animals facing one another with their foreheads locked together. El Hierro, the Island of 1,000 volcanoes The first Geopark in the Canary Archipelago t the westernmost and pyroclasts, tuff-rings, lava Asouthernmost end of outflows and columnar joint- the Canary Archipelago, the ing. smallest of the seven Islands The three-leaved shape is celebrating becoming a of the island, produced as a new member of the European result of the alignments of and the Global Geopark Net- the volcanoes, corresponds work. The El Hierro Geopark to the three rift branches covers a surface area of separated by basins formed 590km2. This includes El Hi- by mega-landslides, the pro- erro Island, the surrounding Above: The Open Fotosub underwater nounced vestiges of which islets (Roques or Rocks) to- photography competition is organised by the scar the surface of the island talling 278km2 and the sur- Geopark and offers visitors the opportunity and extend underwater into rounding territorial waters, of combining geological observation with the ocean. The various types which extend up to 12 miles sport. Photo: J.R. Marcelino. of volcanic structures young from the coast, adding an- toward the ends of the rifts. other 312km2 to the Geopark. Thus, the most recent vol- This Spanish territory, the canic activity, dating back most distant of Spain’s pos- to 2011, occurred near the sessions from the mainland, coastline of La Restinga, on has carefully tended its natu- the submerged portion of the ral and cultural heritage over southern rift. the years. The island Govern- The fact that the volcanic ment or Cabildo of El Hierro, heritage continues under- the organization responsible water justifies the Geopark’s for the management of the boundaries. This heritage is Geopark, has, together with largely accessible thanks to the support of the island’s “Living treasures”. The Geopark has allowed various specially designed fa- us to re-introduce traditional crafts, approximately 10,900 inhab- produced by the women on the island, cilities and devices and tailor- itants, decided to develop a such as the production of hand-crafted made activities. On land, we different approach to tour- earthenware and typical pots. have the signposted network ism. Whilst the other islands of trails, lookout points and adopted a more conventional tourism model, El Hi- interpretation centres relating to the volcanology erro Geopark has, with the wholehearted support and the Biosphere Reserve. These allow visitors to of its inhabitants, adopted a process of reservation experience the geology and natural heritage, flora and preservation for social, economic and environ- and fauna while learning about the culture of the mental . The results are there for all island through its archaeological sites and the re- to see and enjoy. Since 2000, a large part of the mains of the native population of Bimbaches. Geopark is also a Biosphere Reserve and over 60% With respect to marine geotourism, in addition of the territory is protected using different legal to the kayaks and sailboats that allow the visitor to mechanisms for safeguarding land or marine areas. observe the geology of the coastline, scuba diving From a geological perspective, El Hierro, the is provided by businesses that collaborate with the youngest island of the Canary Archipelago, repre- Geopark. The “Open Fotosub” in the Integral Fish- sents the crest of a volcanic shield that emerged ing Reserve has made the island and its geology from the sea around 2 million years ago. Its com- famous the world over. plex geological history can be easily appreciated with clearly visible, well-preserved examples of vol- Verónica Montero, [email protected] canic structures at varying scales including cones, Joan Poch, [email protected]

51 eo Par k G

ERZ der ALPEN PRESENTATION

Participants experience climbing and geology, a component of the GeoDynamicActive Programme. Ore of the Alps “Copper so close to the heavens” he Geopark is located in the centre of the Province The 77 geosites, which are described on the homepage Tof Salzburg, Austria. It includes four communities, www.geopark-erzderalpen.at, emphasize the great geo- Bischofshofen, Mühlbach, Hüttau and St. Veit with a diversity of the Geopark and visits can be arranged population of 17,000 inhabitants. Bischofshofen, the through two programmes. Geopark’s oldest village, is famous world-wide for the The GeoDynamicActive Programme is sporty! Rock annual ski jumping competition. The Geopark can be formations, unique or the traces of mining easily accessed via the Tauern Freeway (Tauern Auto- activities, can be explored in selected tours, individually bahn), one of the most important roads through middle or in groups, either alone or accompanied by a qualified Europe to southern Europe. The capital city, Salzburg Geopark guide. These activities involve hiking, mountain and the Airport W.A. Mozart, connected by regular flights biking, climbing, ski touring and snow-shoeing and are from Vienna, Frankfurt, Berlin, London, Moscow and always combined with non-geological, but more or less many other cities, can be accessed within 45 minutes. dynamic and physical leisure entertainment. 2 The Geopark (212 km ) is situated in the “Innergebirg” The GeoEnjoyRelaxProgramme is based on “Ge- (inner mountain area)”, and includes the Northern Cal- mütlichkeit” (cosiness). Geosites, which can be easily careous Alps, the Graywacke Zone and the Central Alps. reached by short walks include visiting museums and The Hochkönig mountain range in the Northern Cal- show-mines and listening to lectures forming the fo- careous Alps has an altitude of 2941 m and includes a cus of this “edutainment”. It involves a combination of permanent glacier, the“Übergossene Alm” (the “covered non-geological activities, such as wellness, relaxing at Alp” glacier). The mountainous Graywacke Zone region an “oasis of silence and tranquillity”, farmers’ markets, has pastures and forests extending up to an altitude of 2000 m. The Salzach Valley, which crosses the Geopark, farmers’ cookery courses, sports events, mountain ex- is deeply incised into the soft rocks of the Graywacke hibits and local alpine concerts. In addition the Geopark Formation. All other valleys consist of extremely steep offers a great variety of local agricultural and high qual- sided gorges. The discrepancy in the relative relief in the ity alpine products. Geopark is very high with a variation in altitude of al- The Geopackages can be arranged according to the most 2400 m. visitor’s choice. They are comparable to the ordering The Geopark area has been permanently populated of a pizza: Pizza dough, tomatoes and cheese form the from 5,300 years ago. During the Bronze-Age, the region base, all the other toppings can be chosen individually. of Bischofshofen, Mühlbach, Hüttau and St. Veit was one Altogether these outstanding experiences are guaran- of the most important sites for copper mining in Europe. teed by the Association “Ore of the Alps”, in which four The copper used in the world-famous Sky disc of Nebra communities and tourism offices work closely together. was mined in this area. From the Middle Ages mining was extended to include , iron, lead and zinc. Since Horst Ibetsberger the 1970s all mining activities ceased but the mines still [email protected] exist as a number of spectacular show mines. [email protected]

A tram used for Mountain transporting biking in copper ore in front of the the Sunnpau Mandelwände. Show Mine.

52 PRESENTATION

A map showing the area of Geopark Odsherred. Geopark Odsherred The first Global Geopark in Denmark he Odsherred Peninsula landscape was formed only T17,000 years ago during the latter part of the Weich- selian Glaciation. The Odsherred Arches are key sites for understanding the principles of glacial landscape forma- tions from this period. They are also a classical geomor- phological example of glacial depressions, end and meltwater flood plains. The combination of features represented in the gla- cial landscape, with their variety of detailed shapes, is demonstrated in very few places in Northern Europe in such a distinct and informative manner as in Odsherred. Surrounded by the sea to the east, north and west, Geopark Odsherred, also features active, coastal and existing data. The postglacial processes, e.g. the formation of coastal la- As from January 2015 an independent foundation, the glacial Geopark Odsherred Foundation, will be established with landscape goons and bogs, and sand migration, which are just as in the important to the understanding of the glacial landscape. its own professional board of experts, stakeholders and morning Geopark Odsherred is situated only 100km from local politicians, income and general purpose description mist – Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, and its area of of the four Geopark themes. The Geopark has a small ad- Photo: 355km² coincides with the area of Odsherred Municipal- ministration including two employees and a part time di- C. Starup. ity. Since the ice melted about 10,000 years ago, humans rector. To run and develop the Geopark Odsherred Foun- have been making their mark on the landscape. The area dation it is essential to create a network organization in- has attracted people from far and wide since the ear- cluding partnership agreements with local stakeholders, ly18th century and Odsherred has developed as an at- businesses and associations. Some of these partnership tractive holiday destination. Today the area has 33,000 agreements are also based on socioeconomic develop- inhabitants living within 15,000 permanent residences. ments where the products are promoted by the Geopark. The As a result of its 157km coastline Odsherred also has In Geopark Odsherred, the local resources are em- coastal about 26,000 summer residences and the population lagoon in bedded in the magnificent glacial landscape. There is a winter – rises to over 100,000 inhabitants during the summer direct connection between the geology and landscape Photo: months. This means that an assessment of the potential morphology and the records of human activity in the M. Diers for geotourism in Geopark Odsherred is based on already Bronze Age when the national treasure, the Sun Chariot, was created. This connection continues through history to the 19th century when the shallow waters of Lammef- jord were reclaimed for agricultural use to create today’s vegetable garden of Denmark. The landscape paintings of Odsherred’s Painters in the 1930´s has inspired mod- ern artists to settle in Odsherred. The four themes - ge- ology and landscape, cultural history, art and local pro- duce are the core of Geopark Odsherred –the first Global Geopark in Denmark.

Nina Lemkow - Geopark manager Mail: [email protected] Address: Geopark Odsherred, Tinghuset, Holtes Plads 1, 4500 Nykobing Sj., Denmark Mail: [email protected] Web: www.geoparkodsherred.dk 53 PRESENTATION

A field trip in the Terras de Cavaleiros Geopark. Sailing activities in the Terras de Cavaleiros Geopark. Terras de Cavaleiros Geopark erras de Cavaleiros Geopark is located in the Tregion of Trás-os-Montes in northern Portu- gal within the area of the municipality of Macedo de Cavaleiros. It has a population of 15,776 in- habitants and covers an area of approximately 700km2. The Geopark is managed by the Terras de Cavaleiros Geopark Association,a non-profit association consisting of 11 founding members which include public and private institutions. Within the Geopark one can observe and ac- cess geosites that document an important stage of Earth history, in particular a more than 500 million year old sequence of rocks in which con- tinental rocks overlie the ancient oceanic crust. In addition, sediments that prove the existence of an ancient fluvial network that once drained the interior of the Iberian Peninsula are recorded together with the presence of active faults, such as the Vilariça Fault which crosses the whole ter- The Terras de Cavaleiros Geopark has imple- The Lagoa ritory of the Geopark. mented a geotourism strategy to improve the ac- Gneiss geosite. The Terras de Cavaleiros Geopark also has cessibility and safety of geosites and to enhance an important industrial heritage associated with visitors’ experiences through the placement of former tin, tungsten, silver, lead, antimony and signage and interpretative panels. Implementing asbestos mines. The natural heritage is charac- the geotourism strategy involved establishing terized by stunning landscapes and a well pre- partnerships with regional economic agents in- served flora and fauna. The Geopark has one cluding hotels, restaurants, tour operators and of the most complete networks of hiking trails with anyone who contributes to the preservation in Portugal. For over 180km, involving 24 sign- of the rich heritage and traditions that represent posted trails, hikers can enjoy thematic routes the values of the Terras de Cavaleiros Geopark. through agricultural landscapes, the geological Enjoy an adventure by immersing yourself in and biological sites as well as cultural routes Terras de Cavaleiros Geopark’s landscape, emo- showing traditional ways of life. The 110km Geo- tions, art, colours, flavours and unforgettable logical Route, includes some of the most impor- scents! tant geosites in the Geopark’s territory. The Terras de Cavaleiros Geopark’s significant historical, archaeological and artistic heritage Contact Terras de Cavaleiros Geopark Rua Eng. Moura is represented in public, private and religious Pegado R/C Centro Cultural 5340-302 Macedo de Cava- buildings, by old bridges, pillories and fountains. leiros Portugal Tel: 00351 278 428 101 / 00351 917 859 The Geopark’s cultural identity is characterized 608 E-mail: [email protected] Sílvia by traditions involving the preservation of typi- Marcos: [email protected] Web: cal food recipies, regional products and people’s www.geoparkterrasdecavaleiros.com memories as well as associations that organize art events, including dance, theatre or music. Sílvia Marcos and Ana Lima 54

Natural andCulturalHeritage Responsible Useof Conference theme: biological heritage. Europe. Besides the geology the area has a significant cultural and in rocks oldest the of some includes old, years billion 2.7 to up is which bedrock, the underlying The reflects Age. Ice last landforms the Age, during and created deposits Ice glacial the of record of exceptional territory’s Heritage theme, Geopark’s easily The also is Geopark The Geopark. the accessible bytrainorcar. from drive hour’s world. The closest airport, the Airport, is situated less than an south oftheArcticCircleandisnorthernmostGeoparkin Rokua Geopark is located in Northern Finland, about 200 kilometres About RokuaGeopark development. of sustainable 6th and tourism Geoparks, in to interested participants 300 3rd from Oulu of city September the 2015. The conference is expected to Finlandattract more in than in and Geopark held Rokua be at will European conference next the The hosting Conference. of Geoparks honour the has Geopark Rokua 13th EuropeanGeoparksConference A warmWelcome tothe

56 GLOBAL GEOPARKS January 2015 Call forpapers opensin Join usfor agreatadventure February 1st2015 Conference Registration opens direction. All main roads meet in Oulu. in meet roads or main All transport of direction. means the of regardless convenient, and direct are times and connections rapidly Transport Oulu Finland. most in The the region is growing it Finland. and northern inhabitants of 200,000 over capital has Region the is Oulu of City The Helsinki. city capital the of area the live in people million one than more inhabitants million five populated, the of sparsely very is Finland America. with North and Asia, to Europe airport flights an international and has flights internal Finland, daily numerous Southern The in east. the Helsinki to city, Russia and capital north the to Norway west, the to Sweden on bordering Europe Northern in situated is It year. the is of Finland a seasons and land of lakes with four distinct forests About Finland 13th European Geoparks Conference www.egnconference2015.com