Hai River Estuary Area Pollution Control and Ecosystem Rehabilitation Project

Environmental Assessment Report (DRAFT)

Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 43054-01 August, 2010

People’s Republic of China: Hai River Estuary Area Pollution Control and Ecosystem Rehabilitation Project

Prepared by the Tianjin Municipal Government for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

This summary environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The Views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 27th August 2010)

Currency Unit – CNY CNY 1.00 = $0.1471 $1.00 = CNY 6.8001

ABBREVIATIONS

A2O – Anaerobic/Anoxic/Aerobic ADB – Asian Development Bank AP – Affected Persons API – Air Pollution Index CEIA Consolidated Environmental Impact Assessment CMF – Continuous Micro Filtration CNEMC – China National Environmental Monitoring Center COD – Chemical Oxygen Demand CPI – Consumer Price Index CSD – Cutter Suction Dredge dB(A) – A - Weighted Decibel DEMS – District Environmental Monitoring Stations DI – Design Institute DO – Dissolved Oxygen EA – Executive Agency EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EM – Environmental Monitoring EMCC – Environmental Management Company/Consultant EMP – Environmental Management Plan EMS – Environmental Monitoring Station EMU – Environmental Management Unit/Organization EPB – Environmental Protection Bureau ERC – Emergency Response Center FSR – Feasibility Study Report GDP – Gross Domestic Product GHG – Green House Gas HIP – Harbor Industrial Park HIP-DCD – HIP Construction Development Co. Ltd HRT – Hydraulic Retention Time IA – Implementation Agency IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change MBR – Membrane Bioreactor MEP – Ministry of Environmental Protection NH3-N – Ammonia Nitrogen NEMC – National Environmental Monitoring Centre NMDIS – Tianjin-based National Marine Data and Information Service NO2 – Nitrogen Dioxide OCP – Organic Chlorine Pesticides PAC – Polyaluminium Chloride PCB – Polychlorinated biphenyls PIC – Project Implementation Company PM10 – Particular Matter Smaller Than 10 Micrometers PMO – Project Management Office POC – Project Operating Company PPE – Personal Protective Equipment

PPMS – Project Performance Management System PPTA – Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PRC – People’s Republic of China RMB Ren Min Bi RO – Reverse Osmosis SEIA – Strategic Environment Impact Assessment SEPC – Soil Erosion Control Plan SO2 – Sulphur Dioxide SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement SS – Suspended Solids TAES – Tianjin Academy of Environmental Science TBNA – Tianjin Binhai New Area TEMS – Tianjin Environmental Monitoring Station TEPD – Tianjin Environmental Protection Department TICC – Tianjin Tianle International Consulting Company TMG – Tianjin Municipal Government TPMO – Tianjin Project Management Office TDRC – Tianjin Development and Reform Commission TSS – Total Suspended Solids WWTP – Waste Water Treatment Plant

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

ha – hectare km – kilometer km2 – square kilometer hm2 – square hectare m – meter m/s – meter per second kg/s – kilograms per second m2 – square meter m3 – cubic meter m3/d – cubic meters per day mg/m3 – milligrams per cubic meter mg/L – milligrams per liter mg/kg – milligrams per kilogram µg/L – micrograms per liter t/a – tons per year mm – millimeter cm – centimeter °C – degrees centigrade h – hour

NOTE

In the report, “$” refers to US dollars.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK...... 4 A. Legal Framework and Standard ...... 4 B. Administrative Structure and Institutional System ...... 5 C. Purpose of the CEIA...... 5 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT...... 6 IV. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT ...... 8 A. Physical Environment...... 8 B. Environmental Quality...... 12 C. Socioeconomic Development ...... 13 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES...... 15 A. Incremental Environmental and Social Benefits ...... 15 B. Design Considerations...... 18 C. Water Collection and Treatment Subcomponent...... 19 D. Effluent Reuse Subcomponent...... 33 E. Sediment Dredging, Disposal and Bank Reconstruction Subcomponent ...... 39 F. Storm Surge Disaster Reduction Subcomponent...... 50 G. Environmental Monitoring and Emergency Response Center Subcomponent...... 56 H. Land Acquisition and Resettlement...... 58 I. Cultural Relics ...... 58 VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 58 A. Environmental Considerations...... 58 B. With-Project and Without-Project Scenarios...... 63 C. Alternative Designs ...... 64 VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION...... 68 A. Information Disclosure and Public Consultations to Date ...... 68 B. Consultation Results ...... 69 C. Future Information Disclosure and Public Consultation Program...... 72 VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM...... 72 IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 73 A. Objectives ...... 73 B. Mitigation Measures ...... 73 C. Organizational Structure for Environmental Management ...... 73

D. Inspection, Monitoring, and Reporting...... 74 E. Mechanism for Feedback and Adjustment...... 75 X. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION...... 76 A. Project Benefits ...... 76 B. Environmental Safeguard Assurances ...... 76 C. Overall Conclusion and Recommendations...... 77

APPENDICES

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. This consolidated environmental impact assessment (CEIA) contains the results of the environmental assessment undertaken for the Hai River Estuary Area Pollution Control and Ecosystem Rehabilitation Project (the Project). It is prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) (2009) on the basis of the domestic EIA reports that meet the requirements of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) EIA Law (2003) and associated regulations. The Project is classified as category A in accordance with ADB environmental classification criteria.

2. The domestic EIA reports have been prepared by Tianjin Academy of Environmental Science (TAES), a local EIA institute certified by the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), using methodologies and standards consistent with national guidelines. The approval authority for the domestic EIAs is the Tianjin Environmental Protection Department (TEPD). The Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) consultants assisted with the finalization of the EIA reports.

3. The Project focuses on the improvement and rehabilitation of ecosystem in the Hai River estuary area through pollution control, wetland restoration and capacity building. The environmental benefits include reduction of water pollution, removal of the canal sediment contamination, mitigation of storm surge damages, and capability enhancement of the environmental emergency response.

4. The incremental environmental benefits from the water collection and treatment subcomponent will be the reduction of water consumption and amount of pollutants discharged into the Hai River estuary area. The effluent reuse subcomponent will further improve the water quality and contribute to the rehabilitation of the wetland biodiversity and the marine ecosystem. The sediment dredging, disposal and bank reconstruction subcomponent will improve the water quality of the Dagu Canal and provide healthy and safe conditions to the residents in the Hai River estuarine area. The environmental monitoring and emergency response center subcomponent will enhance the emergency preparedness and response capacity on pollution control and monitoring of the Harbor Industrial Park (HIP). The storm surge disaster reduction subcomponent will mitigate the impact of the storm surges and corresponding flood disasters, provide safer working environment for the HIP workers, and prevent siltation caused by storm tides.

5. The specific economic benefits will include: (i) increased revenues from wastewater treatment tariffs and earnings from effluent reuse; (ii) increased employment opportunities directly related to the Project construction and operation; (iii) improved navigational capacity of waterways; (iv) reduced loss from storm surges, and (v) increased land value of HIP.

6. Minor negative impact on the environment of the Tianjin Binhai New Area (TBNA) is anticipated both in the Project implementation phase and facility operation phase. Measures have been proposed to avoid, reduce, or mitigate the negative impacts. During the Project implementation period, wastewater from workers’ camps, construction dust, vehicular air emissions and construction wastes may cause water, air or soil pollution; the Project implementation and construction activities may also generate noise, traffic congestion and soil erosion. An environmental management plan (EMP) has been prepared as part of the environmental assessment. The EMP contains the following mitigation measures:

(i) The wastewater generated from work sites will be collected and treated 2

to conform to the applicable standards before discharge. (ii) The construction roads and exposed surfaces will be sprayed to suppress dust; the construction site will be fenced with walls; the solid wastes will be collected and treated or reused; soil stockpiles and trucks will be covered to avoid dust; and the vehicles and diesel equipment will be well maintained to reduce air emissions. (iii) Low-noise machinery and vibration-proof equipment will be selected; construction machinery will be operated and maintained properly to minimize noise generation; and the transportation routes for large vehicles will be carefully selected to prevent noise impact on residential areas. (iv) Soil erosion will be mitigated by vegetative cover. A soil erosion control plan (SEPC) has been prepared for each engineering component in accordance with the PRC Soil Erosion Control Law (1991) and associated regulations. The SEPC has specified the soil erosion mitigation, implementation, monitoring and supervision measures. (v) Traffic flow regulation plans will be prepared before construction begins. Proper transportation schedule and route will be selected to avoid rush hours and reduce traffic congestion. (vi) An environmental monitoring plan has been prepared. The plan contains monitoring parameters, locations, frequencies and implementing and supervising agencies. An adjustment mechanism has also been prepared for immediate corrective action if and when non-compliance with the EMP is discovered. (vii) Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) will be provided for workers; warning signs will be installed and around the construction sites to reduce the public safety risks.

7. The potential environmental impacts and the recommended mitigation measures for the operation of subcomponent facilities are summarized as below.

8. Water Collection and Treatment Subcomponent: Nuisance odor could be generated from Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP). The sludge will be removed in a timely manner and odor control facilities will be installed and operated properly. In addition a 100-m buffer zone, a 300-m health protection zone will be established around the WWTP. In order to avoid secondary pollution from improper sludge management and disposal, the dewatered sludge will be transported in closed containers and disposed of in the municipal sanitary landfill. Besides, a power failure and mechanical breakdown would directly affect the operation of the WWTP. To deal with this emergency and to reduce the environmental risks, high reliability power supply equipment will be used; and spare parts for key equipment such as electric motors and pumps will be kept in the plant. Moreover, a proper operation and maintenance plan will be established. On-line water quality monitoring equipment will be installed at the WWTP to minimize the risk of accidental and mal-functional discharges.

9. Effluent Reuse Subcomponent: Odor will arise when the water pools are clogged or the flows are overloaded. Draining and refilling the wetland cell with fresh water over a period of several days will be effective for odor removal. Moreover, the green belt will serve as a nuance barrier and help mitigate the odor. Insects may grow in the wetland to cause diseases that would pose a health hazard to local residents. Insect control will be achieved through proper vegetation maintenance, water level regulations and other biological measures and management practices. Nitrogen and phosphor in the effluent may lead to eutrophication and algae blooms in the water body. This will be mitigated by diluting with more water at higher water velocity and

3 taking hand-salvage measures.

10. Sediment Dredging, Disposal and Bank Reconstruction Subcomponent: During the dredging and dewatering activities, contaminants trapped in the sediments would be released into the water body. The released pollutants may cause a temporary decline in water quality. In order to reduce this impact, the site-specific selection of dredging equipments, dewatering methods and operational procedures will be formulated to mitigate the negative effects.

11. Environmental Monitoring and Emergency Response Center Subcomponent: Wastewater and solid wastes will be generated from the laboratories. To mitigate the pollution, sewage from office buildings will be discharged into municipal sewers. Regular solid wastes will be collected by the sanitation bureau. Acid and alkali wastewater will be neutralized before being discharged. Hazardous wastes will be collected separately and disposed of in the licensed hazardous waste disposal site. .

12. Storm Surge Disaster Reduction Subcomponent: There will be no operational requirement for the storm surge dykes. However, regular inspection and maintenance will necessitate the use of boats and ships. The boats and ships will be prohibited from discharging any wastes into the sea. Machinery will be checked for leakage of lubricants or fuel and kept in good working order.

13. The Tianjin Municipal Government (TMG) will serve as the executive agency (EA) for the Project. The Tianjin Project Management Office (TPMO) will be responsible for setting up the environmental management system, consisting of inspection, monitoring, reporting, and initiating corrective actions or measures. The HIP Construction Development Co. Ltd (HIP-DCD) is the implementation agency (IA) with the responsibility for the Project implementation. TMG, TPMO, local environmental protection bureaus (EPBs), environmental monitoring stations (EMSs) at the district and city level and HIP-DCD will establish an environmental management system. They all have adequate technical and institutional capacities for Project implementation. The definition of roles, responsibilities and relationships among the TPMO, EPBs, HIP-DCD, contractors/operators, and EMSs is clear and adequate to ensure the effective implementation of the Project. However, the contractors and operators may have weak capacity in environmental management and monitoring. For the proper implementation of the environmental management plan (EMP), the capacity of the contractors and operators will be strengthened. The lack of experience in implementing ADB’s environmental safeguard policy will be another weakness for the contractors and operators. Training in environmental management will be provided to project managers and environmental officers in these companies.

14. Three rounds public consultations with various groups of stakeholders were conducted in the course of the preparation of the domestic EIAs and feasibility study reports (FSRs) and this CEIA. Information disclosure has been undertaken by posting the Project information on the website. Consultations with the affected persons and other concerned stakeholders have been conducted through questionnaire surveys, meetings and workshops. The information disclosure and consultation activities followed the PRC Interim Guideline on Public Participation in EIA (2006) and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). The comments and suggestions from the public consultations have been incorporated into the FSRs, domestic EIA, CEIA and the EMP. A public consultation and participation plan for the construction and operation phases, including a grievance redress mechanism, has been developed.

II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. Legal Framework and Standard

15. The environmental management system in the PRC consists of a well-defined hierarchy of regulatory, administrative and technical institutions. At the national level, the People’s Congress has the authority to proclaim national environmental laws; the State Council promulgate the national environmental regulations; and the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) issue the environmental guidelines. The provincial and local governments can also issue provincial and local environmental regulations and guidelines in accordance with the national ones. The regulatory enforcement rests with the environmental protection authorities within each level of government. These authorities are supported by environmental monitoring centers and environmental protection research institutes.

16. The major laws that established the legal and administrative framework for the EIA include, among others, the Environmental Protection Law (1989), Environmental Impact Assessment Law (2003), Water Law (2002), Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law (2008), Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law (2000), Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Law (2005), Soil Erosion Control Law (1991), Marine Environment Protection Law (2000), Flood Prevention Law (1998), Fishery Law (1987) and Forest Law (1998). These environmental protection laws spell out the basic principles and institutions of environmental protection in the PRC. Their implementation is supported by implementation regulations, promoted by the State Council, and technical guidelines issued by the relevant ministries. In addition, the local ordinances, national and local environmental standards and national and local five-year environmental protection plans are the important components of the legal and administrative framework.

17. The environmental standard system that supports the implementation of the environmental legislations can be classified into two categories by function -- the environmental quality standards and pollutants discharge standards; or four categories by the scope of application - national comprehensive standards, national specialized standards, sectoral standards, and local standards.

18. The selected environmental quality standards applicable to the Project include:

(i) Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard, GB3838-2002. (ii) Soil Environmental Quality Standard, GB15618-1995. (iii) Marine Water Quality Standards, GB 3097-1997. (iv) Marine Sediment Quality Standard, GB18668-2002. (v) Ambient Air Quality Standard, GB3095-1996. (vi) Ambient Noise Standards for Urban Areas, GB3096-93. (vii) Standards of Soil Quality Assessment for Exhibition Sites,HJ350-2007.

19. Pollutant discharge standards can be classified into four categories according their scope of application: national comprehensive standards, national specialized standards, sectoral standards, and local standards. National comprehensive discharge standards are the standards developed for pollutants for particular environmental elements. National specialized standards target the pollution or pollutant discharge control for a certain sector, a particular purpose, or specified environmental elements. The selected pollutants discharge and sectoral standards applicable to the Project include:

(i) Comprehensive Discharge Standards of Pollutants for Municipal WWTPs,

GB18918-2002. (ii) Odorous Pollutant Emission Standards, GB 14554-93. (iii) Standards for Pollution Control on the Landfill Sites for Domestic Wastes, GB16889-1997. (iv) Discharge Standards for Pollutants from Ship, GB3552-83. (v) Noise Limits for Construction Site, GB12523-90. (vi) Noise Standards for Industrial Enterprises, GB12348-2008. (vii) Water Quality Standard for Wastewater Discharges into Municipal Sewer System, CJ 3082-1999. (viii) Environmental Monitoring Technical Standard for Domestic Waste Landfill, CJ-T3037-1995.

20. Major technical guidelines applicable to this Project include:

(i) Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guideline, HJ-T 2.1-2.4 1993-1995. (ii) Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guideline for Surface Water, HJ-T 2.3-1993. (iii) Surface Water and Wastewater Monitoring Technical Guideline, HJ-T 91-2002. (iv) Ecological Condition Assessment Technical Guideline, HJ-T 192-2006. (v) Construction Project Soil Conservation Planning Technical Guideline, SL-T 204-98.

21. The major local plans related to the Project include:

(i) Hai River Flood Control Plan (2008-2015). (ii) TBNA Development Plan (2006-2010). (iii) Hai River Basin Water Pollution Prevention Plan (2006-2010). (iv) Outline of Tianjin Eco-City Construction Plan (2008-2015). (v) Bohai Gulf Blue Sea Action Plan (2011-2015). (vi) Tianjin Urban Development Master Plan (2005-2020). (vii) Bohai Gulf Environmental Protection Master Plan (2008-2020). (viii) HIP Master Plan (2005-2020).

B. Administrative Structure and Institutional System

22. At the central government level, the MEP is the agency under the State Council who is charged with the responsibility for environmental management. The MEP is also responsible for the formulation of national environmental standards/guidelines especially environmental quality and pollutant discharge limits. The provincial government can also formulate its environmental guidelines and standards in accordance with those at the national level.

23. The China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC) and five regional environmental supervision centers are important institutions for environmental law enforcement. The CNEMC is responsible for the environmental monitoring over the country. All provincial and municipal city monitoring centers report to CNEMC for the environmental quality and pollutant discharge monitoring. The five regional environmental supervision centers oversee environmental law enforcement, investigate serious pollution cases, and mediate cross-regional environmental disputes.

C. Purpose of the CEIA

24. The purpose of this CEIA is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the potential environmental impacts of the Project and recommend measures to mitigate the impacts to acceptable levels. It is prepared in accordance with the requirements of ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009)1 on the basis of the domestic EIA reports that meet the requirements of the PRC EIA Law (2003)2and associated regulations. The Project is classified as category A in accordance with ADB environmental classification criteria.

25. The domestic EIA reports have been prepared by the Tianjin Academy of Environmental Science (TAES), a local EIA institute with a Class A EIA certificate granted by the MEP, using methodologies and standards consistent with national guidelines. The approval authority for the domestic EIAs is the Tianjin Environmental Protection Department (TEPD). The Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) consultants assisted the finalization of the EIA reports as well as the domestic feasibility study reports (FSRs).

26. This CEIA report contains ten sections: (i) executive summary, (ii) policy, legal and administrative framework,(iii) description of the Project, (iv) description of the physical and socioeconomic environment, (v) anticipated potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures, (vi) alternatives, (vii) information disclosure, consultation and participation, (viii) grievance redress mechanism, (ix) environmental management plan (EMP), and (x) conclusion and recommendations. A detailed description of the EMP is presented in Appendix 1. The EMP entails a summary of the anticipated impacts and mitigation measures, environmental monitoring program, public consultation program, responsibilities for the Project implementation and supervision, institutional strengthening and training plan, reporting and supervision, cost estimates for environmental management, and mechanism for feedback and adjustment.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

27. The Project is located in the Harbor Industrial Park (HIP), Tanggu District, Tianjin Municipality, PRC. The HIP is about 10 km from the center of Tanggu District, and 50 km from center of Tianjin. Covering a total area of 79 km2, the HIP was established in 2003 in Hai River estuary area of the Bohai Gulf. The Phase I development for a 20 km2 area is now home to 11 industrial operations, 12 docks, and a 2-km2 greenbelt. The Phase II and III are under development simultaneously and are expected to be completed in 2013. The HIP is one of the nine major economic development zones in Tianjin Binhai New Area (TBNA). The development orientations for the HIP are heavy machinery industries and associate with chemical industries, industrial research and development centers, commercial organizations, and full-serviced residential facilities. It is planned to accommodate about 60,000 workers and residents working and living in the HIP.

28. The Project is intended to control pollution and improve the ecosystem of Hai River estuarine area through promoting the environmental sustainability of the HIP. The Project contains three components: (1) Water Conservation and Ecosystem Rehabilitation; (2) Disaster Prevention Management and Emergency Response; (3) Institutional Strengthening and Project Management. The Water Conservation and Ecosystem Rehabilitation Component contains three subcomponents: (i) water collection and treatment; (ii) effluent reuse, including constructed wetland; (iii) sediment dredging, disposal and bank reconstruction. The Disaster Prevention

1 ADB. 2009. Safeguard Policy Statement. Manila. 2 PRC. 2003. EIA Law of the People’s Republic of China. Beijing: People’s Congress.

Management and Emergency Response Component contains two subcomponents: (i) storm surge disaster reduction; and (ii) environmental monitoring and emergency response center. The Institutional Strengthening and Project Management Component contains two subcomponents: (i) institutional strengthening; and (ii) project management.

29. According to PRC law, an EIA is required for each of the following five subcomponents: (i) water collection and treatment including construction of a wastewater treatment plant, a planed reverse osmosis (RO) water reuse plant, pumping stations, and sanitary sewers in the HIP area, (ii) sediment dredging, disposal and bank reconstruction, (iv) construction of a 3-km-long breakwater for storm surge disaster prevention with design standard of once in every 50 years, and (v) establishment of a environmental monitoring and emergency response centre at HIP.

30. The location of Project is shown in Figure 1. Figure 2 shows the functional zones of HIP and the boundaries of three phases in HIP. The layout maps of the subcomponents are provided in Figure 3. Narrative descriptions of these subcomponents are provided in Table 1.

Table 1: Descriptions of the Project Component Subcomponent Description Water Water Collection and - 30,000 m3/d wastewater treatment plant. The Conservation Treatment effluent from the WWTP meets the Class 1A and Ecosystem standards of the Comprehensive Discharge Rehabilitation Standards of Pollutants for Municipal WWTPs (GB18918-2002). - 2 pumping stations. - A sewer collection system with a total length of 117.52 km of sanitary sewers covering both Phase II and Phase III area within HIP.

Sediment Dredging, - Dredge the sediments of Dagu Canal HIP Disposal and Bank section to improve the ecosystem and Reconstruction environmental quality of the estuarine area and to improve the navigation condition. The dredging depth will be around 10 meters and about 1.8 million m3 sediments will be removed for disposal. - Sediments dewatering, transportation and landfill for the land reclamation. - Reconstruct the banks in the dredging section of 1.47 km including the landscaping of the bank.

Effluent Reuse including - 60.5 ha constructed wetland and ecological Constructed Wetland forests to improve the water quality discharged to the Hai River estuary area; and to demonstrate the restoration of ecological wetland in Hai River estuary area, and increase the estuarine vegetation coverage.

Disaster Storm Surge Disaster - 2.98 km long storm surge disaster prevention Prevention Reduction wall with one in 50 year design standard. Management - 5.0m in height and the level of structure is and Emergency Class II. Response Environmental - 5,660 m2 of office buildings, monitoring

Component Subcomponent Description Monitoring and laboratory and research centre. Emergency Response - 6,638 sets of environmental monitoring Center (ERC) equipments and laboratory equipments.

Institutional Institutional Strengthening Strengthening and Project Project Management Management Source: FSRs, July 2010, prepared by the Tianjin Tianle International Consulting Company (TICC) and TAES.

31. The Project is estimated to cost a total of approximately $ 200 million, of which $100 million will be financed by ADB loan and the rest from Tianjin municipal budget and domestic commercial loans. The cost of implementing the EMP has been incorporated into the Project investment plan.

32. The Tianjin Municipal Government (TMG) will serve as the executive agency (EA) for the Project. The Tianjin Development and Reform Commission (TDRC) has designated HIP-DCD as the implementation agency (IA). The implementation of the Project will take 3 years from 2011 to 2013.

IV. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

A. Physical Environment

1. Project Impact Area

33. Tianjin is the administrative region where the Project is located. The details of the location are shown in Figure 1. The impact of the Project (positive or negative) covering the environmental, ecological, and social elements, such as air, water, soil, biodiversity, and community health and safety will extend to the HIP, Tanggu District, and the TBNA. Thus TBNA is selected as the general area of study. Table 2 below lists the boundaries of areas that might be affected by potential impacts. In addition, the Project is closely associated with Hai River which runs through the TBNA. Thus, the Hai River is also included as the study area for the Project environmental impacts.

Table 2: Impact Boundary by Environmental Factor Impact Factor Impact Boundary Surface Water HIP, Tanggu, TBNA Underground water HIP, Tanggu, TBNA Air HIP, Tanggu, TBNA Soil HIP Vegetation HIP, Tanggu, TBNA Biodiversity HIP, Tanggu, TBNA Noise HIP Solid waste disposal site HIP, Tanggu Marine environment HIP, Tanggu, TBNA Social development HIP, Tanggu, TBNA Economic development HIP, Tanggu, TBNA

2. Overview of Tianjin

a. Geography

34. Tianjin is located in the downstream area of the Hai River Basin at latitude 38°34'N-40°15'N and longitude 116°43'E-118°04'E. Tianjin is one of the four special

9 municipalities in the PRC, which have the similar authority as provincial governments. In 2009, the municipality had a total area of 11,760 km2 and a population of 11.6 million.

b. Topography

35. Tianjin is characterized as a typical estuary alluvial plain. The soil of Tianjin is developed from the sediments of the Fourth Age with a higher degree of fertility. The city is also with large storage capacity of underground water which is relatively shallow and the exposed tidal flats are expansive at low tide. Hai River flows across Tianjin from west to east and enters to the Bohai Gulf. There are three large reservoirs with a total capacity of 2.157 billion m3, including the Beidagang Reservoir in the south end, Yuqiao Reservoir in the north end and Tuanbowa Reservoir in the Southwest. At the lower reaches of Hai River and within the coastal area, there are more than 163 km2 of bottomland which was planned for reclamation from 2008 to 2013.

c. Climate

36. Located near the seacoast, Tianjin is with a strong continental climate. The annual average temperature is 12°C. The hottest month is July, during which the average temperature can reach 24°C. January is the coldest month. Its average temperature is -2°C. The precipitation is not high in Tianjin, with uneven distribution over the year. While the annual average precipitation is 674.5 mm, 80 percent of which is concentrated in summer, the annual average relative humidity is 67%. The wind directions are predominantly from north in winter and from south during the summer months. The annual prevailing wind direction is southwest. The annual average wind speed is about 4.6 m/s, and reaches a maximum of approximately 19.7 m/s.

d. Natural Resources

37. There are a lot of salt-and alkali-resistant plants, such as Chinese ash, Chinese scholar tree, Chinese toon, willow, poplar, and phoenix tree. In the wetlands, there are reeds, calamus, and cultivated water chestnut and lotus root. The wild animals are mostly herbivores, such as wild goat, river deer, hedgehog, squirrel and birds. There are about 30 varieties of freshwater fish in ponds and reservoirs, most of which are common carp, snail carp, grass carp, silver carp, and mullet. In the sea, there are a great variety of phytoplankton (such as Chaetoceros borealis Bailey), zooplankton (such as Acartia bi filosa) and benthos (such as Raphidopus ciliatus). The major species are Crustacean and mollusc.

38. There are large oil and gas fields in Tianjin, which are exploited from the Bohai and Dagang Oil & Gas Fields. There are also mineral resources in Tianjin including manganese, gold, tungsten, molybdenum, copper, zinc, and iron.

3. Tianjin Binhai New Area

a. Location and Population

39. TBNA is located at the estuary area of Hai River Basin, on the top of the Bohai Gulf, on the east of the central area of Tianjin, and in the center of Circum-Bohai-Sea Region. It is near the eastern starting point of Asia-Euro Continental Bridge and is the key access to the sea for the neighboring inland provinces. TBNA contains Tanggu, Hangu and Dagang administrative districts with a total area of 2270 km2, and a

10 population of 2.02 million. TBNA consists of nine functional zones namely Advanced Manufacturing Zone, Airport-based Industrial Zone, Binhai High-tech Industrial Development Zone, HIP, Nangang Industrial Zone, Seaport Logistics Zone, Coastal Leisure & Tourism Zone, Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City, and Central Business District.

40. The development plan of TBNA was listed in the National Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2006-2010) during the 4th Session of the 10th National People's Congress held in March, 2006. The congress explicitly pointed out that the efforts would be made to “promote the development and opening-up of the TBNA.” Furthermore, the State Council approved to building TBNA as a “national experimental zone for comprehensive reforms”. The TMG Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2006-2010) mentioned that TBNA, relying on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area, will serve the pan-Bohai region, radiate north, northeast and northwest PRC and face the North-Eastern Asia. TBNA will be built as the open portal of the north PRC; the base of the high-level modern manufacturing; the base of research & development transformation; the northern international shipping and logistics center, and the livable eco-city with prosperous economy, harmonious society and beautiful environment.

b. Topography

41. TBNA is characterized as plains and coastal areas. It encompasses 153 km of coastline, 3,000 km2 of coastal area, more than 700 km2 of wetlands and 1,200 km2 of untapped alkaline land including the Changlu Salt Field, the best known source of natural sea salt in PRC.

42. According to the monitoring data from Tanggu ocean station, the average sea level is 2.56 m, the highest tide level is 5.93 m, the lowest tide level is 1.08 m, and the average high tide level is 3.74 m. The regular wave direction is ENE and E, with the frequency of 9.68% and 9.53% respectively. Being a half-enclosed gulf, Bohai Sea has very poor self-purification ability. The water quality of the Bohai Sea has been deteriorated due to the chronic pollution and irrational exploitation of ocean resources.

43. The HIP is at the middle part of TBNA. The whole HIP is built on the newly reclaimed land. The soil of the reclaimed land was from the sediment of Bohai Gulf near the coastal region and the nearby shipping channels of the Hai River estuary area. The underlying in-situ soils and the newly placed dredged soils consist of various mixtures of clay, silt, and fine sand.

44. The Hai River estuary area is in the administrative region of HIP. Nowadays, the Hai River estuary area has been artificialized as the largest man-made harbor in PRC-Tianjin Port. The current water area of Tianjin Port is nearly 260 km2 and the land-based area is 72 km2. Ranked 5th in the world, the port is an important passage linking a dozen of provinces and cities in PRC with the sea. With more than 30 navigation routes leading to more than 300 international ports, Tianjin Port also serves as a major channel linking the continents of Asia and Europe by sea.

c. Climate

45. Similarly as Tianjin, TBNA has a semi-moist warm temperate continental monsoon climate while the four seasons are distinct and average temperature of the whole year is 12.6°C. The hottest month is July, during which the average temperature can reach 26.5°C. January is the coldest month, its average temperatures is -3.3°C. The extremely high temperature is 40.9°C, happened on 24th July,1999; the extremely low temperature is -15.4°C, happened on 4th January,1986.

The annual average precipitation is 566 mm. The wind directions are predominantly NNW in winter, SSW during the summer months, and North in autumn. The annual average hour of solar radiation is 2731.9 h. The date of annual first frost date is 10th, November; the annual latest frost date is 18th, March; non-frost period is 236 days.

d. Natural Resources

46. TBNA encompasses a lot of saline-alkali soil land and shore, which is rich in petroleum, natural gas, and crude salt. The verified reserves of oil were over 10 billion tons and those of natural gas were 193.7 billion m3. There are some highly saline alkaline lands which are not suitable for farming but with great potential for ecological conservation and construction. The wetland, together with the water area, accounts for 29% of the total area.

4. Hai River

47. Hai River is one of the largest rivers in north PRC area. Hai River Basin has an area of approximately 318,000 km2. The upper stream of Hai River Basin has more than 300 tributaries. These tributaries merged in the downstream. In Tianjin there are Hai River, North Canal, Yongding River, Daqing River, Ziya River, and Dagu Canal etc. These rivers flow across Tianjin to the Bohai Gulf with an average width of 100 m and a depth of 3-5 m.

48. The annual average flow rate in Hai River was 26.4 billion m3 according to the statistic data from 1956 to19843. However in the recent 10 years the annual flow rate in Hai River was decreased to 6.32-19.27 billion m3 because most of the runoff was intercepted as water resource in the upstream. Table 3 shows the annual average flow rate from 1998 to 2008 in Hai River basin.

Table 3: Annual Average Flow Rate from 1998 to 2008 in Hai River Basin Year Annual Average Flow Rate(billion m3) 2008 12.693 2007 10.179 2006 9.62 2005 12.19 2004 13.79 2003 13.08 2002 6.32 2001 8.97 2000 12.52 1999 9.20 1998 19.27 Source: Water Resources Bulletins of Hai River Basin (1998-2008).

49. There have been massive flood disasters caused great damages in Hai River basin in the history. The occurrence frequency of medium flood in the Hai River is about every seven or eight years. The occurrence frequency of heavy flood in the Hai River is about every twenty years in whole watershed4. For example, in 1939, flood volume of Hai River was 30.4 billion m3 in July and August. About 78% of the area of Tianjin was subjected to flooding. The flood overflowed Tianjin with a maximum depth of 2 m. The population affected in Tianjin is about 700,000. In 1963, the flood had made as many as 40,790,000 people affected and caused direct economic loss of CNY 8 billion. In 1993, flood volume of Hai River in August reached 30.1 billion m3,

3 Source: www.hydroinfo.gov.cn. 4 Source: http://www.qhd.gov.cn:86/qhd/front/szzcthird.action?sid=10627.

12 which was the largest flood happened in Hai River Basin in the 20th Century and caused direct economic loss of CNY 8 billion. In 1996, flood volume of Hai River was 7.1 billion m3, however, caused direct economic loss of CNY 40 billion due to a higher economic development level5.

50. Dagu Canal has been used for wastewater discharges from Tianjin since 1958. Since it flows directly into the estuarine area of the Hai River, it has caused heavy pollution to the Hai estuary in the past 40 years. The flow rate of the Dagu Canal is 0.2-0.3 m3/s. The canal receives both industrial wastewater and residential sewerage and discharges into the Bohai Gulf through the Hai River. To prevent the intrusion of salty sea water and to separate the clean water in the Hai River from the heavy polluted water in the estuary, the Hai River sluice gate was built in 1958. Hence the hydrological characteristic of the Hai River was changed. The flow rate of the upper stream of the Hai River sluice gate has declined, causing serious sediment depositions at the upper and lower reaches of the Hai River sluice gate. Since the sluice gate was built, the marine sediment around a 11-km2 area at the lower reaches of the gate accumulated to 23 million m3 by 1995. These sediments on the river bed serve to decrease the channel capacity and the flood-carrying capacity of the river. Therefore sediment dredging has been undertaken at the upper and lower reaches of the Hai River gate at least once every year to maintain the function of flood relief channel6.

51. At present many smaller tributaries and some of the major tributaries in the Hai River Basin have dried up for most of the year. The industrial and urban development in the Hai River basin has not only intensified the drying up of the rivers, but also caused pollution. In 2008, the MEP reported that Hai River Basin was one of the most polluted river basins in PRC7. Since the Hai River sluice gate was built, the section of the Hai River in Tianjin has become a reservoir, the water in the Hai River flows to Hai River estuary area only when flooding occurs. As the Dagu Canal discharges wastewater to the Hai River estuary area where there is no longer freshwater flowing from the Hai River, the estuarine area is severely polluted.

B. Environmental Quality

52. The data of TBNA air quality in 2008 showed a tendency of improvement. The number of days meeting the limit of Grade II of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) reached 325 or 88.8% of that year, which is 11 more days than that of 2007. The days meeting the Grade I, Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) reached 71, which is 26 more the number of days in 2007. In 2008 the annual average concentration of the total suspended particulate matter smaller than 10 micrometers 3 3 (PM10) was 0.089 mg/m compared to the Grade II limit at 0.10 mg/m , or 6.3% 3 lower than that of 2007; nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was 0.044 mg/m compared to the 3 Grade II limit at 0.08 mg/m , 2.3% higher than that of 2007; and sulphur dioxide (SO2) was 0.043 mg/m3 compared to the Grade II limit at 0.06 mg/m3, or 24.6% lower than that of 2007. The air pollution index (API) of TBNA is 2.16, or 0.28 lower than that of 2007.

53. In 2008, the water quality of the rivers in TBNA was inferior to Class V of the Surface Water Quality Standards (GB3838-2002) because of the violation of COD 8 and NH3-N. For the marine water of TBNA in 2008, monitoring results showed that

5 Source: Flood Control Planning of Hai River. 6 Source: Investigation and Evaluation on Present Situations of Eco-environment of Tianjin, July, 2004. 7 Source: 2008 Report on the State of Environment in China. 8 Source: Comprehensive pollution control and dam renovation of the Dagu Canal estuary in HIP, Marine EIA report, Tianjin Research Institute For Water Transport Engineering.

13 pH, COD, dissolved oxygen (DO), Cu, Pb, Cd, and As met the Class II of Marine Water Quality Standards (GB3097-1997). Inorganic nitrogen at all the monitoring sites exceeded the limit. Active phosphorus, petroleum, Hg and Zn exceeded the limit.

54. In 2008, the noise level in TBNA maintained to be in a good grade. The average urban noise level of this area was 51.2 dB (A), or 0.1dB (A) lower than that of 2007.

C. Socioeconomic Development

1. Tianjin Binhai New Area

55. Since the beginning of reform and opening up, enormous changes have taken place in TBNA, including rapid economic growth and large amounts of foreign capital investment. TBNA was now the one of the fastest developing regions in northern PRC. The leading industries in TBNA were electronic and electric industry, petroleum and marine chemical industry, automobile and equipment manufacturing industry, petroleum steel pipe and high quality steel industry, biological technology and modern metallurgy industry, new energy and new materials industry as well as green industries. The rapid development of TBNA will not only benefit for Tianjin, but also promote the economic development of northern PRC. According to the strategic plan, TBNA is going to be developed as one of the centers combining finance, business, and industry in northern PRC.

56. In 2006, the gross domestic product (GDP) of the TBNA was CNY 196.05 billion, accounting for 45.2% of Tianjin’s total GDP. In 2008, the GDP totaled CNY 310.224 billion, 23.1% higher than that of 2007, and was 48.82% of the GDP from whole Tianjin. The total industrial output value amounted to CNY 761.681 billion and was 29.4% higher than that of 2007, including CNY 0.754 billion of the primary industry, 2.0% higher than that of 2007; and CNY 224.624 billion of the secondary industry, 23.9% higher than that of 2007. The export value in 2008 was more than $26.147 billion. The ratio of the three categories industries is 0.2:72.4:27.4. The main industries contributed to GDP are electric and electronic industry; petroleum and marine chemical industry; automobile and equipment manufacturing industry. In the view of industrial structure, the secondary industry is the main driven force of the TBNA development. In comparison, contribution ratio of secondary industry in TBNA is higher than the average level of both whole PRC and Tianjin, while the contribution ratio of primary industry is apparently lower than the average level of both whole PRC and Tianjin. The tertiary industry in TBNA is under rapid development due to the rapid development of retail trade, catering trade and financial business. In 2008 the government revenue grew to CNY 59.685 billion, 24.1% more than that of 2007. The government expenditures were total up to CNY 19.609 billion. The increased public expenditure was used for the improvements in public health, education, social safety, low-income housing, water supply, wastewater treatment, solid waste management and ecological conservation.

57. The living quality of people in TBNA has improved in recent years. In 2008, the remuneration of employment personnel per capita in TBNA was CNY 46,000, 12.7% more than that of 2007. The annual disposable income per capita of urban households in Tanggu, Hangu and Dagang District were respectively CNY 23,700, 15,500, and 20,600, which were 18.5%,11.5%,and 10.7% more than that of 2007; the annual disposable income per capita of rural households are respectively CNY 10,700, 10,100,and 10,100, 10.9%,10.1%, and 10.1% more than that of 2007.In 2007, urban retail price index of Tianjin is103.2, and urban residential Consumer Price Index (CPI)

14 is 104.2. In 2008, urban retail price index of Tianjin is 105.1, and urban residential CPI is 105.4.

2. Tanggu District

58. In 2008, the population of Tanggu District was 954,900, 14.3% more than that of 2007. The number of employment personnel in urban area was 50,400. Rural area employment personnel are 33,200 persons. The gross output value of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is CNY 289.26 million. Per capita annual net income of rural households is CNY 10,651. The GDP totaled CNY 21.105 billion. The total industrial output value amounted to CNY 96.481 billion including CNY 0.103 billion of the primary industry and CNY 6.217 billion of the secondary industry. Export value was more than $ 26.147 billion. The government revenue was CNY 4.536 billion. The government expenditures totaled up to CNY 5.554 billion.

3. Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites

59. There are no records of cultural relic, archaeological, or historical sites in the vicinity of the Project area. The nearest cultural site is the 200-year-old Dagu Cannon Station located approximately 6.2 km away from the proposed location of WWTP. It is not on the transportation route during the construction period of the Project. Chaoyin Temple, built in Ming Dynasty, is located about 8.7 km away from the proposed location of WWTP. Daku Dock Relic of North Sea Fleet Park is a 129-year-old dock site, located approximately 7.3 km away from the proposed location of the WWTP. The marine natural protection zone -- Beidagang Wetland Natural Reserve is located in the southeast of Dagang District, about 42 km away from the HIP; Tianjin Relic and Wetland National Natural Reserve is located in Ning River, about 43 km away from the HIP.

4. Enterprises and Pollutant Discharges

60. TBNA is currently the home of many hi-tech industries including electronics, aerospace, IT, machinery and metallurgy and bio-pharmaceuticals. 70 of the top 500 global corporations such as Airbus, LG, Motorola, Samsung, and Toyota have built factories in TBNA. Over 4,000 companies have invested a total of $74 billion with focus on hi-tech manufacturing in TBNA. The industrial facilities under construction and will be constructed in HIP are listed and the potential pollutants from these facilities are estimated in Table 4. According to the national regulations, wastewater generated from these facilities will be treated until it complies with the national wastewater discharge limit before discharge.

Table 4: Industrial Enterprises in HIP and Pollutant Discharges Enterprise Major Potential Pollutants Ship Repairing and Building Base of PRC Dust generated in the process of sand blasting Shipbuilding Industry Corporation in HIP or welding, waste organic gas, mineral oil wastewater, noise, SO2, COD, suspended solids (SS), waste oil.

Integrated Process Base of Cereal Products Noise, SO2, SS, COD, dust. China National Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs Corporation (Tianjin)

Equipment Manufacturing Base of Taiyuan Noise, SO2, COD, dust, NOx, solid waste. Heavy Industry Co. Ltd in HIP

Enterprise Major Potential Pollutants

Tianjin Soda Plant NH3, H2S, pH, SS, CODcr, BOD5, NH3-N, phosphate, cyanides, sulphide, methanal, wastewater containing ammonia.

Air Liquide Group (Tianjin) Risks of the flammable and explosive substances.

Hua Neng IGCC(Tianjin) LLC Dioxin, SO2, hot water.

Fulian Fishmeal Production and Sale Malodors generated in the process of fishmeal production.

Base of China National Offshore Oil Project in Oil spill accidents. HIP

Tianjin Water Marine Resources Development Chemical additives such as biocide additives Co., Ltd-Desalinated Seawater Project (chlorine or sodium hypochlorite), antifouling agents (polyphosphate), antifoaming agent, toxic heavy metal generated by pipe corrosion, the discharge of concentrated sea water.

Tianjin Aujiu Petrochemical Storage Co, Ltd Risks of oil leakage, explosion and combustion along with the accident happened.

Tianjin Rentai Chemical Corporation CO, methane, methanol, dimethyl ether, styrene, solid waste, spent catalysts, noise, NH3-N, SS, CODcr, BOD5, NH3-N, and phosphate.

Tianjin HIP Qianhong Petrochemical Storage Risks of chemical leakage, explosion and Co, Ltd combustion.

Tianjin Welcome Petrochemical Co. Ltd Oil, volatile phenols, gaseous hydrocarbon, mineral dust.

Xinlongqiao Project Waste gases of styrene and pentane, acid mist.

Tianbao Phase II Logistics and Standard Dust from Project construction and disturbance Factory of the marine water.

Bin Hai Research Institution of PRC University Waste air emission and wastewater discharge of Geosciences, Environmental Research from the lab. Institution of TAES, and Binhai Industrial Research Institution of Tianjin University

Lubrication Oil Additive Project Noise.

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. Incremental Environmental and Social Benefits

61. All the subcomponents will have one common characteristic----pollution control, which will improve the water quality and ecosystem of Hai River estuarine area, and raise the urban environment and the quality of life.

62. Environmental benefits resulting from the implementation of the Project are anticipated including control of air pollution and water pollution, noise pollution mitigation, reduced coastal flooding and storm surge loss, associated health benefits, and associated ecosystem rehabilitation benefits.

63. The incremental environmental benefits from Water collection and treatment subcomponent will be the reduction of water consumption and amount of pollutants discharged into the Hai River. The effluent reuse subcomponent will further improve the water quality of the effluent discharged from the WWTP and contribute to the rehabilitation of the wetland eco-diversity and the offshore ecosystem. The sediment dredging, disposal and bank reconstruction subcomponent will reduce sediments pollution, improve the water quality of Dagu Canal, and provide healthy and safety conditions to the residents in Hai River estuarine area. The environmental monitoring and emergency response center subcomponent will enhance HIP’s emergency response capacity on pollution monitoring and pollution control. The storm surge disaster reduction subcomponent will mitigate the impact of the storm and corresponding flood disaster, provide safer working environment for the HIP workers, and prevent back silting caused by storm tides.

64. After the completion of WWTP and associated sewer network, wastewater will be treated before being discharged into natural water bodies. The newly built WWTP will contribute to a significant reduction of COD and NH3-N in the Hai River, and thereby to meet the Tianjin Municipality’s environmental protection goals of the COD and NH3-N reduction. In comparing with no WWTP scenario, it is estimated that it will reduce an amount of 10.95 million tons of wastewater per year, effectively conserve 3.65 million tons/year of fresh water consumption and significantly reduce wastewater emissions due to the consumption of these fresh water. The volume of wastewater discharged from TBNA is almost 10 million tons in 2008. The subcomponent will contribute to an equivalent reduction of about 11% of TBNA discharged wastewater in 2008. Moreover, the proposed Project will help to reduce 9,109 tons/year of COD, 883 tons/year of NH3-N, 5,196 tons/year of SS, 4,320 tons/year of BOD, and 73.64 tons/year of total phosphorous (TP) in comparing with no WWTP scenario. In 2008, the discharged amount of COD in Tanggu District is about 11,718.46 tons9. The proposed environmental protection goal of Tanggu District is to cut COD emissions down to 11,030 tons in 201010. The subcomponent will contribute to reduce the amount of COD almost equivalent to the amount of COD discharged in 2008.

65. Based on the results of an assessment model in the domestic EIA report, water quality of Bohai Gulf will be improved if the demonstration impact of the Project spread over TBNA. According to the results, COD isoline map (Figure 4) was made to compare the scenarios before and after the demonstration effect. Figure 4 shows that the area polluted by COD in Bohai Gulf will be reduced.

9 Data here refer to the pollutant discharge for industrial and residential use. 10 Implementation Opinions of Tanggu District on Improving Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction.

Figure 4: COD Contour Line Map in the Bohai Gulf

66. The primary social benefits are the improvement of Hai River estuary area ecological environment and the living condition of local residents. The improvement in wastewater collection and treatment will lead to a better and cleaner urban environment by reducing the exposure of the community to the untreated wastewater with its associated impact on public health and well-being, such as waterborne diseases. Thus, there will be a corresponding decline in the number of sick days and expenses for medical treatment. The Project will also help to reduce algal blooms in the Bohai Bay and surrounding areas, promote rehabilitation of the aquaculture in Bohai Gulf, and improve amenity values of Hai River estuary area. The Project will protect the residents and the workers in Tanggu district from storm surge disaster, and promote economic growth and industrial development.

67. Economic benefits will be (i) revenues from wastewater treatment tariff and earnings of reusable effluent; the annual revenue of the tariff collected will be about CNY 7.48 million if the tariff is 0.82 RMB/m3 which is the current wastewater tariff in Tianjin, (ii) increased employment opportunities directly related to the Project construction and operation, (iii) the improved navigation waterway, with adequate depth for safe and efficient vessel passage,(iv) the reduced loss from reduced storm surge disasters due to the completion of the ERC and breakwater,(v) the increased land value of HIP. Indirect employment of related services will help to generate the additional local income during the construction period. In the operation stage, an estimated 74 permanent employment positions with related to the operation of WWTP and ERC, and additional indirect employment positions from and economic expansion will be created in the region.

68. In the construction and operation phase of all the five subcomponents in the Project greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is anticipated. The GHG emissions of the Project will be calculated based on the detailed engineering plan. If the total GHG emission is above 100,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year for the aggregate emissions of direct sources and indirect sources of the Project, the annually GHG emission will be monitored in accordance with internationally recognized methodologies. In addition cost-effective measures for energy conservation and emission reduction must be carried out. In terms of the positive

18 impact of the Project, the WWTP, constructed wetland, sediments dredging and environment monitoring will all help to the rehabilitation of ecosystem in Hai River estuary and the sea area, the recovery of ecosystem will definitely contribute to the restoration of vegetation in both terrestrial and aquatic areas, which will benefit to the reduction of GHG emission.

69. Climate change is anticipated to cause sea level rise and more extreme weather events like heavy rainfall, and severe storms. The breakwater is one of the very important solutions to withstand the extreme weather. Based on the current design the breakwater can cope with the tides that occur once in 50 years. According to the ‘China Ocean Level Communique’ published by China State Oceanic Administration, for the last 30 years, PRC’s ocean level has maintained a fluctuant rising trend with average rising rate of 2.6 mm/year. In the next 10 years, to combined effect of sea level rising and land subsidence in Tianjin would make the breakwater subside 175-250 mm to be at sea level. Therefore the top width of the breakwater will be increased to provide sufficient space for expansion in the future when a higher breakwater will be required to maintain the safeguard performance.

70. Besides, in the aspect of extreme weather events like heavy rainfall and causing flood, according to Hai River Flood Control Plan (2008-2015), by 2015, the flood prevention level of lower-middle reaches of the major branches in Hai River basin will be raised to once in 50 years. The sediments dredging and bank reconstruction subcomponent will lead to better flood conveyance capacity of Dagu Canal. This subcomponent will contribute to the flood prevention as a part of the Hai River basin flood control program.

B. Design Considerations

71. Neither important historical and cultural sites nor rare and endangered species will be affected by the Project. Construction areas and dredging areas are not located in forests and grassland of ecological significance, natural reserves, or scenic areas. In the preparation of the EIA reports and FSRs and during the ensuing preliminary design phase, the following considerations have been incorporated:

(i) Adequate technical design and scheduling of construction activities for the subcomponents will provide for safety, sanitation, and environmental protection in compliance with government regulations and international best practices. (ii) All the subcomponent sites are carefully selected to avoid or minimize potential adverse impacts on the environment and surrounding communities. (iii) Water Collection and Treatment Subcomponent is designed to prevent water pollution in receiving water body and to improve the water quality of Hai River estuary area. (iv) Effluent Reuse Subcomponent is designed to assist the rehabilitation of the estuarine ecosystem. (v) Sediment Dredging, Disposal and Bank Reconstruction Subcomponent is designed to improve environmental conditions whereby contaminated sediments threaten ecological system and to provide healthy and safe conditions to workers and residents in Hai River estuarine area. (vi) Environmental Monitoring and Emergency Response Center Subcomponent is designed to enhance HIP capacity on pollution monitoring and pollution control, improve environmental management capacity of the HIP, and develop a healthy and safe environment for HIP workers and residents.

(vii) Storm Surge Disaster Reduction Subcomponent will be designed to improve working efficiency and safety of the HIP by reducing the impacts from storm surge disaster. (viii) Appropriate environmental mitigation and monitoring measures are included in the EMP. The proposed environmental mitigation measures will form part of the design documents for the subcomponents, and be included in the contracts for procurement of goods and services. All contractors and subcontractors will be required to comply with the EMP. (ix) The environmental monitoring program has also been incorporated into the overall Project design to ensure that environmental impacts are closely monitored and the construction and operating activities are closely supervised against the approved EMP.

C. Water Collection and Treatment Subcomponent

1. Environmental Baseline

a. Water quality

72. The environmental function of marine area where the proposed WWTP is located is classified as the environmental function of marine port areas and marine developmental areas of special use, for which Class IV of the Marine Water Quality Standards (GB 3097-1997) is applicable. Surface water baseline monitoring was carried out. The monitoring results and applicable limit are shown in Table 5 and Table 6. Sampling locations are shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5: Water Sampling Locations

Table 5: Baseline of Water Quality at Hai River Estuary Area (High Tide) Regulatory Items Unit Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Threshold pH - 6.8~8.8 7.87 7.80 7.80 8.11 8.13 SS 150 19.3 16.7 16.0 166 232.0 COD mg/L 5 1.95 1.32 1.49 3.74 3.27 DO 3 5.36 6.32 7.18 7.5 7.48 Inorganic 500 812.71 912.29 834.78 1434 1322 Nitrogen Active 45 49.75 42.65 42.38 6.92 5.54 Phosphate Petroleum 500 45.29 9.02 22.75 0.0362 0.0336

As µg/L 50 2.98 3.29 3.17 - - Cu 50 3.59 3.25 5.56 3.73 3.89 Pb 50 0.68 0.57 0.46 1.050 0.854 Zn 500 52.18 44.07 31.07 22.6 20.7 Cd 10 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.372 0.412 Hg 0.5 0.17 0.11 ND 0.011 0.011 Note: ND means “not detected", "-"means "no data". Source: Comprehensive pollution control and dam renovation of the Dagu Canal estuary in HIP, Marine EIA report, Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering

Table 6: Baseline of Water Quality at Hai River Estuary Area (Low Tide) Regulatory Items Unit Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Threshold pH - 6.8~8.8 7.90 7.88 7.85 8.14 8.17 SS 150 16.50 17.50 20 142 103 COD mg/L 5 1.660 1.52 1.13 2.24 2.20 DO 3 5.27 5.31 5.21 6.23 5.97 Inorganic 500 834.19 840.32 1058.5 940 926 Nitrogen Phosphate 45 50.02 39.65 57.38 5.54 5.54 Petroleum 500 44.31 53.14 177.65 0.0362 0.0308 As 50 2.64 2.99 3.81 - - µg/L Cu 50 6.86 6.14 8.52 3.69 3.50

Pb 50 0.80 0.80 3.09 0.761 0.871 Zn 500 162.02 76.12 85.02 19.1 19.6 Cd 10 0.08 0.05 0.11 0.380 0.360 Hg 0.5 ND ND 0.09 0.031 0.024 Note: ND means “not detected", "-"means "no data". Source: Comprehensive pollution control and dam renovation of the Dagu Canal estuary in HIP, Marine EIA report, Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering

73. Based on the table above, during the high tide or low tide period, the concentration of inorganic nitrogen at all monitoring stations exceeded the limit. The concentration of SS during the high tide also exceeded the limit. SS, and inorganic nitrogen did not reach the standard is probably because of the construction and reclamation activities of HIP and the wastewater discharge from Dagu Canal, while other parameters met the limits.

b. Air Quality

74. Air quality baseline monitoring was carried out for the proposed plant site. The monitoring results are shown in Table 7. The monitoring results show that except TSP, all the daily average value of NO2, SO2, PM10 reached the Grade II of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996). The reasons that the total suspended particulate (TSP) did not reach the standard were: (i) air emission of the fuel coal in heating period, (ii) dusts generated from the nearby large coal storage and large scale stock yard, (iii) dusts from the constructions in the recent years, and (iv) dust storms in spring.

Table 7: Baseline Air Quality Concentration TSP NO2 SO2 PM10 Regulatory ≤0.30 ≤0.12 ≤0.15 ≤0.15 Threshold (daily (daily average) (daily average) (daily average) ≤0.24 ≤0.50 average) (hourly (hourly average) average) Range(mg/m3) 0.149~0.587 ND~0.127 0.024~0.224 0.037~162

Average 0.339 0.025 0.061 0.108 Note: ND means “not detected". Source: Domestic EIA.

c. Noise

75. The subcomponent area is classified as the industrial area for which the Class III of the Noise Standards for Industrial Enterprises (GB12348-2008) applies. The environmental noise baseline monitoring was carried out. The monitoring results, along with the regulatory thresholds, are shown in Table 8.

Table 8: Baseline of Noise-WWTP Site (Unit: dB (A)) Monitoring Location Day-Time Limit Night-Time Limit East of WWTP border 44.3 65 41.4 55 South of WWTP border 45.7 65 40.2 55 West of WWTP border 46.6 65 40.7 55 North of WWTP border 44.4 65 40.6 55 Source: Domestic EIA.

d. Soil Quality

76. The construction site is newly reclaimed barren land. The land has been further reclaimed by the soil nearby that meet the requirement of Standards of Soil Quality Assessment for Exhibition Sites (HJ350-2007).

e. Ecosystem

77. In general, flora consists of mainly wild grasses, and no fauna are found around the subcomponent sites (See Figure 6).

Figure 6: Pictures of Project Site

2. Construction Phase

a. Water Quality

78. Wastewater generated during the construction phase will be (i) the domestic residential sewage and wastewater from the work sites, (ii) washing water from the vehicle and machinery maintenance, and (iii) muddy runoff along with particles in rainy days.

79. Environment-friendly mobile toilets and oil separation tanks will be installed on the construction camp. Oil will be collected separately. The temporal canteen will use natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas. The oils will be taken out regularly. Wastewater from oily waste tank, mobile toilets will be collected and treated in septic tanks and discharged to an existing sewer system. Unauthorized dumping of wastewater will be prohibited.

80. Storage tank and temporary wastewater treatment facility will be built to ensure the wastewater discharge comply with national standards. The regular maintenance of the construction equipments will be carried out to avoid accidents.

81. A regulation on handling chemical materials (e.g., store the chemical away from watercourses and provision of retention areas to contain accidental spills of such toxic and harmful construction materials as caustic and acidic substances, oil and petroleum products) will be prepared and applied to prevent soil and surface/ground water pollution. A prevention and emergency response plan will be developed and implemented to train the workers (especially painters) on safe and diligent handling of chemicals to avoid accidental spills, and on emergency response when a spill would occur.

82. Besides, as the proposed pump stations are surrounded by barren land, and the volume of the three types of wastewater mentioned above is small, it will have minor impact on the quality of the nearby surface water.

b. Air Quality

83. Anticipated sources of air pollution from construction activities in sites include (i) dust generated from earth excavation, loading, hauling, and unloading, (ii) dust generated by the movement of vehicles and heavy machinery on unpaved access and haul roads, (iii) dust generated from aggregate preparation, concrete-mixing, and haulage activities, (iv) odor generated from asphalt melting, mixing, and spreading, and (v) exhaust discharged from vehicles and equipment.

84. Dust emission is associated with site conditions (soil, weather, or seasons), mechanization and management of the construction. It is hard to measure the dust emissions but an analogy was used in the domestic EIA to illustrate the impact of the dust. It is concluded that (i) The dust emission during the construction phase could be significant. TSP could exceed the limitation of the standard; (ii) With the hoarding around the site, the dust emission will markedly decrease to below permissible limits.

85. The research conducted by Beijing Municipal Research Academy of Environmental Protection investigated four municipal work sites (Two of them had hoardings around the site, the other two did not have hoardings around the site.) and analyzed the monitoring data of dust emission on construction site. The wind velocity is 2.4m/s. The monitoring results are listed in Table 9.

Table 9: Dust Emission from Construction Sites in Beijing Concentration of TSP (mg/m3) Construction Site Downwind Distance from Construction Site Location Hoarding 20m 50m 100m 150m 200m 250m South 2nd Ring Road, No 1.54 0.981 0.635 0.611 0.504 0.401 near the Temple of Heaven South 2nd Ring Road, No 1.467 0.863 0.568 0.570 0.519 0.411 near the Tao ranting Park Average 1.503 0.922 0.602 0.591 0.512 0.406 West 2nd Ring Road Metal sheet 0.943 0.577 0.416 0.421 0.417 0.420 Reconstruction Project hoarding Che Gong Zhuang Cloth 1.105 0.674 0.453 0.420 0.421 0.417 Heating Engineering hoarding Project Average 1.042 0.626 0.435 0.421 0.419 0.419 Source: The test data from Beijing Municipal Research Academy of Environmental Protection.

86. It can be concluded that (i) without the hoarding, dust emission is serious. The dust pollution can reach the place that is 250 m away from the construction site in the downwind direction. The average daily TSP of the investigation area is 0.756 mg/m3, that is equivalent to 2.52 times of the Grade II of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996); (ii) With the hoarding, the dust emission will decrease remarkably. The dust pollution can reach the place that is 200 m away from the construction site in the downwind direction, reducing a quarter of the concentration of TSP. The average TSP of the investigation area is 0.585 mg/m3 , or equivalent to 1.95 times of the Grade II, Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996).

87. The following measures will be taken to limit dust generation during construction:

(i) The vehicles delivering granular and/or fine materials to the sites will be covered with tarpaulin sheets. Overloading of these vehicles should be avoided. Vehicle speeds will be controlled on construction sites. No vehicle that emits black smoke will be allowed to operate on-site. Vehicle emissions will comply with Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Light-duty Vehicles(Phase III,IV) (GB18352-2005), Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Compression Ignition and Gas Fuelled Ignition Engines of Vehicles(Phase III,IV,V)(GB17691-2005), Limits and Measurement Methods for Crankcase Pollutants From Heavy-duty Vehicles Equipped with P.I Engines(GB 11340-2005), Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Smoke from C.I.E.(Compression Ignition Engine) and Vehicle Equipped with C.I.E.(GB3847-2005), and Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Vehicles Equipped Ignition Engine under Two-speed Idle Conditions and Simple Driving Mode Conditions(GB18285-2005). Use of gas purifiers to minimize the exhaust fumes will be adopted. Equipment and machinery emissions will be required to comply with Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996). A regular inspection and certification system will be initiated to make sure that exhaust gases complied with emission standards. Besides, proper maintenance of vehicles and diesel equipment, and avoidance of unnecessary running of vehicle and equipment engines will reduce emissions. (ii) The engineering contractor will be required to use commercial ready-mixed concrete. Mixing cement and lime soil will not be allowed on construction site. (iii) All the roads on the construction site will be paved with stones or concrete. Water trucks will be used to wet the construction roads twice a day, according to a daily schedule and taking weather conditions into consideration. These roads will be kept clean, solid, smooth, and clear of all dust, mud, or extraneous materials dropped from transportation vehicles. (iv) The construction site will be enclosed by the appropriate walls and sprayed with water twice a day. Dust suppression equipment will be installed in concrete-batching plants. Materials storage sites should be 300 m from residential areas. The material in the storage site will be organized, such as separate stone and sand materials; store concrete in separate storage place and reduce the on-site storage time of the construction. The transportation distance from the storage site to the construction site will be minimized. (v) When construction takes places during dry and windy days, water will be sprayed on earth piles and exposed surfaces to suppress dust. Construction will be stopped during strong winds and the stockpile will be covered. (vi) Cooking for workers on the construction site should use clean energy sources such as natural gas. Coal or wood is not allowed to use as flammable materials on the site. (vii) Upon completion of construction, the construction and demolition wastes will be cleaned up in timely manner. All the construction sites will be re-vegetated with trees and grasses. (viii) Ambient air quality will be measured during and after the construction. Additional monitoring will be undertaken when necessary (e.g., if complaints are made by local communities). The TEPD will undertake compliance monitoring during the construction period. Fines will be imposed and the costs of remedial action charged to the contractor if the

failure of implement the air pollution measures contained in the EMP is confirmed.

c. Noise

88. A significant increase in noise is expected during construction, due to various construction and transport activities. Construction facilities and equipment will include bulldozers, air picks, air compressors, excavators, graders, stabilizers, concrete mixers, drills, stone-crushing and screening, rollers, poker vibrations, concrete pumps, loading machines, and other heavy machineries. The noise intensity levels of these machines are listed in Table 10.

Table 10: Noise Intensity of Heavy Machines on the Construction Site (Unit: dB (A)) Machinery Noise Level Machinery Noise Level Bulldozer 78~96 Hoist roller 95~105 Concrete-mixer 75~88 Compressor 75~88 Cargo truck (≥ten Air hammer 80~98 85~94 tons) Concrete-crushing 80~90 Excavator 80~93 machine Source: Domestic EIA.

89. It is estimated that noise intensity from these activities will be in the range of 75~105 dB (A). The noise levels can be calculated according to the noise source intensity and distance from the noise source. The results are shown in the Table 11.

Table 11: Projected Results of Noise Attenuation of the Main Point Source1 (Unit: dB (A)) Noise Source Distance From Noise Intensity (m) Limit2 Noise Machine intensity 10 50 100 200 300 Day Night Bulldozer 78~96 58~76 44~62 38~56 32~50 28.5~46.5 75 55 Concrete-mixer 75~88 55~68 41~54 35~48 29~42 25.5~38.5 75 55 Air hammer 80~98 60~78 46~64 40~58 34~52 30.5~38.5 65 55 Concrete-crushing 80~90 60~70 46~56 40~50 34~44 30.5~40.5 75 55 machine Hoist roller 95~105 75~95 61~71 55~65 49~59 45.5~55.5 75 55 Compressor 75~88 55~68 41~54 35~48 29~42 25.5~38.5 70 55 Cargo truck 85~94 65~74 51~60 45~54 39~48 35.5~44.5 75 55 Excavator 80~93 60~73 46~59 40~53 34~47 30.5~43.5 65 55 Note: 1. The data in the table represents situation that the noise level of the outdoor work with no hoardings around the construction site. The sound reduction function of the hoardings is not considered in the calculation. 2. The limitation is from Noise Limits for Construction Site (GB12523-90). Source: Domestic EIA.

90. According to the above table, no matter day or night, the noise level of the construction machines will meet the limit11at the sites that 300 m away from the noise source. No residential area is within 300 m from the WWTP. Therefore, the noise from the construction site will not cause disturbance to residents. During the Phase I construction of HIP, there are only a few of enterprises that are settled in the HIP. The potential affected people of the WWTP construction are construction workers and nearby enterprise staff. It is recommended to avoid any resident living near the WWTP.

11 Source: Noise Limits for Construction Site(GB12523-90).

91. In addition, large amounts of waste materials will be transported to and from the construction sites, frequently during the 12~13 h workday for the construction season of 300 days per year over 2 years. Activities with intensive noise levels will not only have an impact on the residents, but may cause injury to construction workers during operating the equipment. Therefore, these mitigation measures are essential for construction activities to meet PRC construction site noise criteria and to protect sensitive receptors:

(i) Equipments generating low levels of noise will be utilized as first priority; Machinery will be properly maintained to minimize noise. Noise reduction devices or methods (the use of temporary hoarding or noise barriers and vibration-proof equipment) will be applied to shield noise sources where piling equipment is operating. Noise from equipment and machinery will comply with Noise limits for Construction Site (GB12523-1990). (ii) The sites for concrete-mixing plants and similar activities will be located at least 1 km away from sensitive areas such as residences, schools, and hospitals. (iii) The operation of machinery generating high levels of noise, such as piling, will be restricted near the sensitive area and stopped between 6:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. in accordance with PRC regulations. The movement of heavy vehicles along urban and village roads will also be restricted to between 6:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. Adequate route for large trucks will be selected to keep away from residential areas. Traffic on the site and blowing of horns will be controlled and limited. Construction activities will be scheduled to minimize the impact of machinery noise. (iv) Construction sites will be monitored both regularly and irregularly by local environmental authorities or contracted environmental monitoring agency. If noise limits are exceeded, equipment and construction conditions will be checked, and mitigation measures will be implemented to rectify the situation. (v) Suitable measures will be taken to protect workers' hearings while operating heavy equipment according to the worker health protection law of the PRC.

d. Soil Quality

92. Rainfall runoff from the construction sites may pollute the soil. Therefore rainstorm days will be avoided during excavation activities. Stripped topsoil will be stockpiled. A drainage system will be built to minimize the soil erosion. Settling ponds will be built on the construction sites. Soils in settling ponds will be cleared for use as refill soils. Slope protection in erosion-prone section will be constructed to prevent soil erosion and runoff. The straws or cloths will be laid at the entry/exist of each construction site. The soils on the tires of construction vehicles will be regularly cleaned.

93. After the construction, the excavated soils will be refilled on construction site. As soon as refill and land leveling is done, re-vegetation with trees and grasses will be undertaken. A soil erosion protection plan will be prepared to specify the mitigation, implementation, supervision measures.

e. Ecosystem

94. Air pollution caused by emissions from vehicle and machinery might affect the vegetation along the transportation road and around the subcomponent site. These impacts are short-term and are considered as minor impacts on the eco-environment.

f. Solid Wastes

95. The solid wastes generated from the construction are abandoned construction materials, scattered sands/stones, concretes and domestic wastes. These solid wastes are harmless, however, it will affect environmental sanitation of the construction site, hamper the traffic and transportations, damage the surface of roads, further increase idle exhaust emissions of cars, and pollute the ambient air.

96. The solid wastes must be collected regularly by the city sanitation bureau and cleaned up in a timely manner and sorted, transported to the municipal sanitary landfill. Multi-compartment collection bins will be installed to facilitate reuse, recycle of solid wastes. Proper transportation time and route will be selected to avoid rush hours. A handling protocol for construction materials will be prepared and applied.

g. Construction Traffic

97. Construction activities and traffic could lead to traffic congestion and inconvenience to the public due to: (i) increased vehicles for materials and solid wastes transportation, and (ii) deterioration of the roads condition after excavation and leveling. It might bring negative effects to the narrower road and cause larger vehicle flux. In conjunction with the local traffic management authority, traffic flow regulation plans will be prepared before construction begins. Proper transportation time and route will be selected to avoid rush hours and reduce traffic congestion.

h. Sanitation and Safety

98. Sanitation is a key public health issue during construction. Workers are prone to infectious diseases if they are under a poor working and living condition and high work load. Sanitation services will be maintained, including air quality, food quality and water supply. Medical facilities and health services will also be provided.

99. Contractors will be required to take safety measures at the construction site to protect the workers and the public, including provision of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for workers and arrangement of warning signs to alert the public of potential safety risks in and around the construction sites.

3. Operation Phase

a. Water Quality

100. It is required that industrial wastewater discharged to the municipal sewers should be pretreated to meet the limits of Discharge Standards for Municipal Wastewater (CJ3082-1999). Non-compliance discharge of industrial wastewater could lead to toxic effects on microorganisms and wastewater treatment processes. An industrial wastewater monitoring system will be established, and strictly enforced the prohibition of illegal industrial discharges. Industrial pollution control, process control and management plans will be developed to keep adequate treatment of industrial waste before discharge into the sewer system.

101. On the other hands, the WWTP must be built according to adequate technical design criteria and operated in consistent with national regulations. After the

28 treatment, the water quality of effluent will reach the Class 1A of Comprehensive Discharge Standards of Pollutants for Municipal WWTPs (GB18918-2002).

Table 12: Estimated Water Quality of WWTP Effluent No. Factor Unit Maximum Concentration 1 pH - 6-9 2 BOD5 mg/L 10 3 CODCr 50 4 SS 10 5 Petroleum 1 6 NH3-N 5 7 Phosphate 0.5 Source: Domestic EIA.

102. The 15,000 m3/d of effluent of the WWTP will be reused as water source in the RO plant and the remaining 15,000 m3/d will flow in to Dagu Canal. Currently, water quality of Dagu Canal is inferior to the Class V of the PRC Surface Water Quality Standard (GB3838-2002). The effluent of WWTP flowing into Dagu Canal will dilute the concentration of pollutants in the river. Based on the calculation of well-mixed model, concentration of COD in Dagu Canal will drop from 249.4mg/l to 246.7mg/l. Therefore the Project will improve the water quality of Dagu Canal in some extent.

103. Local EMS will conduct environmental inspection before the formal operations to make sure the effluents meet Class 1A of WWTP discharge limits in Comprehensive Discharge Standards of Pollutants for Municipal WWTPs (GB18918-2002).On-line monitoring flow meter will be installed for the WWTP effluent and the design of the effluent outlet should consider the hydrology condition. Wastewater from municipal sewer system to the WWTP will be monitored by the parameters of water quality and flow rate. Regular maintenance will be implemented strictly to ensure normal operation of all equipments. Besides, wastewater from management offices will be directly discharged to municipal sewers that will go to the municipal WWTP. In cases where connection with municipal sewers is not available, septic tank or on-site wastewater treatment facility will be installed for treating wastewater before being discharged into receiving water bodies.

b. Air Quality

104. When this subcomponent is put into operation, the odor will be generated from influent, grid grit chamber, aeration tank, sedimentation tank, and dewatering and stabilization plant, especially from dewatering plant and grid plant. The identification and characterization of the odor emission from the potential sources at the WWTP have been conducted. The results of the preliminary analysis are listed in Table 13.

Table 13: Potential Sources of Odor Emission at the WWTP Possibility of Odor Position Source Generation Influent Odor release in the collecting system due to the High pipes and turbulent flow of the effluent

Grid Odor release from the perishable materials High accumulated at the grid

Grit chamber Removed organics in the sand removal process High

First Odor release from the floating sludge, perishable High/Medium sedimentation materials under anaerobic conditions

Possibility of Odor Position Source Generation tank Sludge thicken Odor release from sludge sedimentation High/Medium tank

105. During the WWTP operation, the intensity of pollution source of H2S and NH3 are about 0.16 t/a (or 0.02kg/h) and 4.07 t/a (or 0.46kg/h) respectively. The bio-filter is employed as a method of biological treatment of odor gases, with the removal efficiency over 90%. The height of the discharging point is 15m to prevent fugitive discharge emission of the odor. Table 14 shows the detail information of odor gas emission. It can be concluded that the concentrations of H2S and NH3 emissions are much lower than the limit in Emission Standards for Odor Pollutants (GB14554-93).

Table 14: Emission Concentration of Odor Gas Volume of Odor Emission Source Emission Emission Limit Pollutant (Nm3/h) (kg/h) (kg/h) Pattern (kg/h) H S 0.02 0.002 0.33 2 ≥1000 Continuous NH3 0.46 0.046 4.9

106. The main pollutants are NH3 and H2S. The concentrations of H2S and NH3 were predicted at the downwind locations with different distances from the source. The results of the modeling are listed in Table 15.

-3 3 Table 15: Predicted H2S and NH3 Emissions (Unit: ×10 mg/m ) Downwind Distance from Pollution Source (m) NH3 Concentration H2S Concentration 50 4.039 0.1821 100 6.795 0.3005 200 6.491 0.2850 300 6.297 0.2773 400 5.560 0.2453 500 5.068 0.2226 600 4.757 0.2103 700 4.737 0.2087 800 4.480 0.1969 900 4.172 0.1830 1000 3.857 0.1690 1100 3.555 0.1557 1200 3.279 0.1435 1300 3.029 0.1324 1400 2.804 0.1226 1500 2.602 0.1137 1600 2.420 0.1057 1700 2.257 0.09854 1800 2.110 0.09209 1900 1.977 0.08627 2000 1.857 0.08100 Maximum Concentration 150 7.285 0.3220 m Source: Domestic EIA.

107. The location of the discharge point is 100~150 m away from the border of the WWTP according to the preliminary design. It can be seen that the maximum 3 3 concentration of H2S and NH3 was 0.007285 mg/m and 0.000322 mg/m highlighted in bold in the table above. The concentrations of H2S and NH3 will meet the applicable

12 limits . Thus, at all times, the concentration of H2S and NH3 outside the plant will be substantially lower than the maximum acceptable emission concentration in the residential area13 . It will not have remarkable influences on the environment and the sensitive sites located farther away (farther than 150 m away).

108. Odor emission of the WWTP is influenced by the volume of the sewage and sludge, concentration of the BOD and DO, sunlight, temperature and wind velocity. The odor released into the environment will go through physical attenuation (dispersion and dilution) and chemical attenuation (strong sunshine and ultraviolet) process. Because of its complicated mechanism, it is difficult to make a quantitative assessment on the pollution intensity and its attenuation. To avoid nuisance odor from WWTP, the following mitigation measures will be implemented: (i) The inflow chamber will be covered; (ii) A 100 m buffer belt of trees will be planted around the facilities. A 300m health protection zone will be established around the WWTP. No new house to be built within 100 m sanitary buffer from pumping station; (iii) Dewatered sludge will be removed in a timely and proper manner and disposed of in sealed trucks; (iv) Water content of the sludge should be controlled; and (v) A regular odor monitoring will be carried out and management of odor control will be strengthened.

109. Meanwhile, the air pollution during operation will also come from waste gas emissions from the vehicles for sludge disposal. According to the national regulations on vehicular emissions, all vehicles now must pass the Euro-III equivalent test in the annual vehicle safety and environmental protection inspection.

c. Noise

110. During the operation period, noise generated in water treatment operations comes from pumps and blowers. The location of the blower and the distance from the blower to the borders of the plant are prescribed in Figure 7. The sound insulation result of the blower room can reduce approximately 20 dB (A), the results of noise assessment are listed in Table 16.

85m

200m Blower Room

Figure 7: Location of the Blower Source: Domestic EIA.

12 3 3 0.06 mg/m and 1.5 mg/m is the concentration of emission limit of H2S and NH3 in Grade II, Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002). 13 3 3 0.01 mg/m and 0.2 mg/m is the concentration of emission limit of H2S and NH3 according to Sanitary Standard for the Design of Industrial Enterprise (TJ 36-79).

Table 16: Noise Level at Four Borders of the WWTP (Unit: dB (A)) Predicted Background Value Result Border Value Daytime Night Daytime Night East 33.4 44.3 41.4 44.6 46.1 South 36.4 45.7 40.2 46.2 46.8 West 29.0 46.6 40.7 46.7 47.6 North 36.4 44.4 40.6 45.0 45.9 Source: Domestic EIA.

111. According to the table above, the predicted noise level of the four borders are between 29~36.4 dB (A) due to transmission loss through walls and distances. When the noise level is calculated by adding the predicted value with the background value, the result of 44.6~46.7 dB(A) (day-time),45.9~47.6 dB(A) (night-time) are all lower than Class III of Noise Standards for Industrial Enterprises (GB12348-2008).

112. The blower plant is located near the center of the WWTP, far away from the management office. WWTP, water reuse plant, pump stations, and the leachate treatment facility layouts will be designed to keep sources of noise as far away from residential areas as possible and limit the noise to the acceptable levels. Based on the developing plan of HIP, several logistics warehousing and new industrial plants will be built around the WWTP. They may be the noise-sensitive spots around the WWTP. The machinery will be regularly maintained and kept in good condition. Ambient noise monitoring will be performed to determine whether further mitigation measure is required or not. Monitoring will be conducted once a year, for 2 days on each occasion. Mitigation measures will be implemented if infringement of the standards is observed.

113. Besides, the pumping station must be constructed in form of semi-buried structures, and designed with efficient acoustic mitigation measures, such as adequate thick walls, soundproof doors, and double-glazed windows, using low-noise equipments and high-noise equipments equipped with mufflers, and building a buffer belt of trees around the station, to mitigate the pump noise. The external appearance of the pumping station will be designed to harmonize well with the surrounding landscape.

d. Solid Wastes

114. Large amount of sludge with complex and uncertain components are produced in the WWTP. The sludge consists of the residue of grid, sediments of wastewater, and dewatered sludge. The total amount of sludge is about 6-7 tons per day. The disposal methods for the sludge are listed in Table 17.

Table 17: Disposal Methods of the Solid Wastes Destination and Disposal Type Discharge Amount Method Sludge 8 t/d Treated by dewatering equipments in WWTP

Used membrane of continuous Replace membrane Recycled by membrane micro filtration (CMF) every five months manufacturer

Domestic garbage 3.5 t/a Collected, removed and disposed of by municipal sanitation department

Source: Domestic EIA.

115. The first step of sludge disposal is to reduce water ratio of the sludge so that the volume of the sludge will become smaller. A temporary storage facility will be built to decrease the water ratio of the sludge. To accelerate settling speed and removal of phosphorous and solids, polyaluminium chloride (PAC) dosage was used for the sedimentation tank. Shelter for keeping the rain away will be built in the sediment zone outside the dewatering room. Leak-proof ground will be paved in the sludge treatment room.

116. Chemical tests of sludge will be carried out to identify whether the quality of sludge complies with the Comprehensive Discharge Standards of Pollutants for Municipal WWTPs (GB18918-2002). Dewatered sludge that meets the standard will be transported to the sanitary landfills in a closed container of a self-dumping truck to ensure the sludge will not lead to a second pollution. Environmental supervision staff will be appointed to make sure no spill or dumping during the transportation route.

117. There is enough capacity in the landfill sites to accept the sediments and WWTP sludge. The sludge will be transported to Hangu garbage disposal facility for landfill. This facility was built in 2002, covering approximately 13.2 ha and was authorized by the local government. To keep leachate from seeping into groundwater, the landfill will be lined from the bottom up with a layer of clay, followed by a layer of geo-membrane, then a layer of high-density polyethylene geo-membrane, and lastly another layer of clay. In long term operation, it is considered that the sludge could be utilized for reclamation after dewatering. According to the quality of the sludge the dewatered sludge may be used as a resource of improving the soil quality in HIP.

e. Ecosystem Quality

118. The treated wastewater from the WWTP will be discharged into the wetland, eventually flowing into the Bohai Gulf. Even the concentrations of the heavy metals and other pollutants in the treated water meet the discharge requirement, the pollutant concentration may be still higher than the background value of the marine water; therefore, it will affect the benthic population in the marine and accumulate the toxic substances in the food chain, eventually affect the health of the people. The effluent of the treated water will be monitored regularly to ensure that the water drawn off at the outlet of the WWTP has further less impact to the marine flora and fauna.

f. Environmental Risks

119. Potential spill and leakage of wastewater may cause serious water pollution to the surface water and the wetland that receive the effluent of the WWTP. Automated flow meter and water quality monitoring system will be installed. Measures will be taken if any potential incidents or illegal discharge is found during regular inspection and maintenance. Standby equipments and pipes will be installed to reduce the risk of accidental overflow. An emergency tank will be arranged for wastewater storage while leakage or spill occurs. The WWTP will employ antiseptic pipes of high quality. The interface tends to leak in the pipe will be checked regularly. The WWTP will be strictly monitored to ensure the enforcement of wastewater discharge standards. Emergency response plan for accidental wastewater overflows or spills will be also prepared.

120. Potential spill and leakage of fuel, lubricants, solvents, and other pollutants related to vehicle and equipment fuelling, maintenance, and cleaning may also cause serious water and soil pollution. The following mitigation measures for reducing such risks will be implemented: (i) all vehicles and equipments that regularly enter and

33 leave the construction sites will be cleaned off-site; (ii) vehicle and equipment washing areas will be properly identified by signs and located away from drainage facilities and watercourses (those areas will be paved with concrete and will be equipped with ponds to collect and dispose the washing water); (iii) adequate supervision, management and proper maintenance will be provided to the sewer pipes.

121. An operation and maintenance manual for equipments will be provided by the suppliers. The equipment operators and plant managers will be trained in operational safety, maintenance of the facilities, emergency procedures and contingency plans will be prepared. Periodic training and practice sessions in safe operating procedures will be held after the plant starts operating. PPEs such as gas masks and breathing apparatuses will be provided for workers. Environmental emergency response plan will be activated in case of accidents. Appropriate internal and external protocols will be established for communicating with EPBs, health and safety authorities, effluent reuse users, and other agencies.

122. The power failure and mechanical breakdown will directly affect the operation of the WWTP. Especially when aerator stops operating, there will be badly impact to the biological treatment process It is recommended that dual-power supply lines should be equipped for important facilities, proper operation and maintenance plan should be established, emergency response plan will be prepared to minimize the influence of the power and mechanical failure. The operators should store a generator and enough diesel oil for power failure.

D. Effluent Reuse Subcomponent

1. Environmental Baseline

a. Water Quality

123. The baseline water quality of the subcomponent is the same as the WWTP subcomponent.

b. Air Quality

124. Air quality baseline monitoring was carried out for the proposed site. The monitoring results are shown in Table 18. The monitoring result shows that the daily average value of NO2, SO2 reached the Grade II of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996).

Table 18: Baseline of Air Quality Concentration NO2 SO2 Regulatory Threshold ≤0.12 ≤0.15 (daily average) (daily average) ≤0.24 ≤0.50 (hourly average) (hourly average)

Range(mg/m3) ND~0.056 ND~0.083

Average 0.025 0.061 Source: Domestic EIA.

c. Noise

125. The subcomponent areas are classified as industrial areas, for which Class III of Noise Standards for Industrial Enterprises (GB12348-2008) apply. The environmental noise baseline monitoring was carried out. The monitoring results, along with regulatory thresholds, are shown in Table 19. The noise levels of all the monitoring stations meet the standard.

Table 19: Baseline Noise of Constructed Wetland Site (Unit: dB (A)) Monitoring Location Day-Time Limit Night-Time Limit 1 44.3 65 41.4 55 2 45.7 65 40.2 55 3 46.6 65 40.7 55 4 44.4 65 40.6 55 Source: Domestic EIA.

d. Soil Quality

126. Before the land reclamation the site of the constructed wetland was a tidal-flat area. The tidal-flat located in intertidal zones, the hydrodynamic features of which differ from the features of the onshore and shallow marine. The tidal-flat area was awash at high tide. The tidal-flat went along the direction of NE-SW, generally between 0~3.5 m above sea level, with the width between 3000~5300 m and the surface gradient was 0.71%~1.28%. The land reclamation was conducted by filling the tidal-flat area with marine sediments, the main characteristic of which is unconsolidated marine clay with a relatively low permeability. The site now is a salinity land and groundwater is shallow.

e. Ecosystem

127. Site investigations have shown that there are hardly flora and fauna existing on the subcomponent site. The subcomponent site is shown in the Figure 6.

2. Construction Phase

128. Restoration of vegetation on the subcomponent site has been proposed. Vegetation will be planted by seed or live plant. Species will be selected based on the request of the wetland and the characteristics of the soil (salt-alkali lands). Preparation of the soil will include loosening of compacted soils and addition of organic material, such as decaying leaves. Grubbing, clearing, draining, hauling and building are typical components of construction activities. These activities will produce wastewater, noise, air pollution and solid wastes; and result in adverse environmental effects, including the soil erosion and deterioration of water quality. However, these impacts are short-term and localized that can be avoided or mitigated by implementation of effective measures.

a. Water Quality

129. Same as the WWTP subcomponent.

b. Air Quality

130. Same as the WWTP subcomponent.

c. Noise

131. Same as the WWTP subcomponent.

d. Soil Quality

132. After the completion of the earth work, soil will be exposed in nearly all area of the wetland. Soil erosion might happen and is harmful to the stability of the wetland bank and the central island. The soil erosion will also affect the landscape of the wetland and increase turbidity of the water in the wetland. A soil erosion control plan has been prepared to specify the mitigation, implementation, supervision measures.

e. Ecosystem

133. Same as the WWTP subcomponent.

f. Solid Wastes

134. Same as the WWTP subcomponent.

g. Sanitation and Safety

135. No public access is to be permitted into the wetland site during the construction phase. Appropriate fencing and signage must be installed during this phase.

3. Operation Phase

136. After the completion of construction, the wetland will serve the function of water quality improvement, flood/storm water storage, wildlife habitat, outdoor recreation, landscaping and reforestation along roads. However if it is improperly managed, the constructed wetland may have detrimental impacts on environment such as odor, insects, eutrophication and algae blooms. Studies will be carried out on the waterway and artificial lake foundation works, vegetation, O&M, water quality monitoring and emergencies response of the constructed wetland during operation.

a. Odor

Odor typically results from anaerobic conditions, which can be created by excessive influent BOD and ammonia loadings. Odor arises more easily when the water pools are clogged or the flows are overloaded. Besides, if influent rate is low, it will result in high hydraulic retention time (HRT) and may cause odor problem. As at least 12,500 m3/d WWTP effluent which is part of the effluent of Semb Corp WWTP and Veolia WWTP in HIP will flow into the wetland, the very high HRT will nearly not happen for the wetland to cause odor problem.

137. According to the land use plan, the HIP intends to develop residential, educational and research facilities next to the east of the wetland. Thus odor may be a problem to the residents, tourists and staff in the research facilities. Proper maintenance can mitigate the odor problem. A very effective way to eliminate odor is to drain and refill the wetland cell with fresh water over a period of several days. Small floating plants such as duckweed and azolla may also contribute to odor removal. In addition, the forested green belt will be established as a barrier and might help to mitigate the odor.

b. Insects

138. The wetland site will be surrounded by vegetation. Insects can be a significant problem especially in summer. The insects, such as flies, water flea, and mosquito will cause diseases and are harmful to neighboring people.

139. To control the insects through design of the wetland is the first effective step. Such as the subsurface-flow wetland has much less suitable area for mosquito habitat, to situate the wetland in an open or windy area away from the community will be helpful for the insect control.

140. Mosquito population can also be controlled through various O&M methods (keeping annual vegetation maintenance such as clear dead vegetation, reducing the accumulation in the pools of shallow stagnant water, and using ecological friendly insecticide or larvicides) and maintenance of a balanced ecosystem (fish, birds, frogs, and bats will be used to prey on mosquitoes and their larvae). The use of insecticides can quickly control mosquito breeding, but is not recommended as a long term strategy due to potential issues with insecticide resistance, long term cost of maintaining a mosquito control program and the possibility of the insecticide applications not being able to target all areas of breeding. The animal species to be used in the wetlands must be chosen from local waterways, to prevent the introduction of exotic species.

c. Eutrophication and Algae Blooms

141. The wetland is the receptor of WWTP effluent. If the WWTP would fail to treat the wastewater and would discharge the wastewater directly into the wetland or the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphor did not meet the standard, it may lead to eutrophication and algae blooms in the water body. The algae bloom will deteriorate the water quality damage the health of ecosystem and beauty of landscape. It is estimated that the SSW cell in this subcomponent may have poor nitrogen removal rate and total phosphorus removal rate is possibly only 5 to 10 percent. Moreover, HRT is related to algae bloom and TSS increase. If the critical point of HRT for algae bloom is assumed to be 8 days, the inflow rate should be over 9,600 m3/d for a lake without liner, and 19,200 m3/d if with a liner, The corresponding HRT in the wetland lake will range from 1 day to over 30 days and significant algal growth will occur as the HRT becomes greater. This growing algal level will increase both the TSS and particulate BOD load of the SSW. This load will likely cause the clog of the SSW in a relatively short period of time.

142. To manage this situation, the buffer lake cell will have a bypass so that during algal blooms water from the lake can pass over the SSW gravel beds to reduce the possibility of clogging.

143. Constructed wetland will be monitored periodically to identify changes in wetland quality or functions. To avoid the eutrophication, the measures will be taken are (i) monitoring the nitrogen and phosphorus of the effluents, keep the phosphorus level below 0.08 mg/L in the pond (USEPA’s 2000 Design Manual), (ii) monitoring the density of the algae and controlling the algae at an acceptable level, (iii) keeping organic loading rate of the SSW below approximately 7,000 m3/d to avoid organic overloading of the gravel bed with soluble organic matter in the wastewater .

144. If the eutrophication would take place in the wetland, it is recommended to (i) dilute the eutrophication with more water at higher water velocity or take hand-salvage measures when the degree and scope of eutrophication is relatively smaller, and (ii) use flocculation, filtration, algaecide, and precipitation process. It is essential to use the precautionary measures such as employing stirring devices or aeration device in

37 shallow and transparent water to accelerate the flow speed of the water when the eutrophication is serious.

d. Management of Vegetation

145. Vegetation is one of the important biological factors in ecological rehabilitation technologies. It has irreplaceable function in landscape and serves as one of the most important biological carriers for the reconstruction of the aquatic ecosystems. The long-term performance of wetland is associated with the density and diversity of the vegetation. If vegetation covers the majority area of the constructed wetland, open water is confined to a few channels. This can limit the mix of the storm water runoff or wastewater in the wetland pool and reduce the effectiveness of the wetland. Thus, it is important to keep the vegetation under an appropriate density. Moreover, keeping the diversity of the plant biomass and plant species is vital for the maintenance of ecological function and water quality of the wetland. Excessive growth of monoculture will cause serious disease or insect outbreaks. Local indigenous species will be planted in the wetland at the beginning of the construction phase of the wetland to prevent the invasion of the exotic species and to ensure that plants are adapted to local environmental conditions. If over-proliferation of certain submerged plants in the waterway is found out, it is better to reap the plants by hand or use machines to control the growth of the plants. However, routine harvesting of vegetation may increase nutrient removal and prevent the export of these constituents from dead and dying plants falling in the water. An annual vegetation harvest in summer appears to be the optimal solution.

146. While all species compete to survive, invasive species appear to have specific traits or combinations of specific traits that allow them to outcompete native species. The invasive species with strong reproduction ability, such as Spartina, once found, will be eradicated immediately.

147. The tail water from the RO plant will create a brackish water condition in the ponds that may be detrimental to the plants in the wetland. The plants are primarily freshwater species that will not likely tolerate brackish water containing a TDS of 8,000 mg/L. Planting the species that can tolerate the brackish water is advisable to support the growth of flora and fauna. To dilute the brackish water from the RO plant, the effluent from the WWTPs should be premixed with the water from the RO plant before flowing into the wetland.

e. Sediments Dredging

148. After a period of operation, there may be sediments settled in the wetland cell. These sediments may decrease the flow speed of the water and reduce the efficiency of the wetland. Dredging would be a choice to remove these sediments. However it might cause secondary pollution to the water quality due to the re-suspension of the contaminants. Rate of pollutant release will be considered in deciding whether to go forward on dredging. The removal rate of phosphorus will be tested and analyzed to determine the scope of environmental dredging. Environmental dredging methods will be adopted and special environmental-friendly dredge will be employed. It is recommended to remove accumulated sediment in the river of the wetland about every 5-7 years or when the accumulated sediment volume exceeds 10 percent of the volume of the wetland cell.

149. In addition, maintenance will be performed regularly to remove accumulated trash and debris in the wetland cell at the middle and end of the wet season. The

38 frequency of this activity may be altered to meet specific site conditions and aesthetic considerations.

f. Soil Erosion

150. During operation of the wetland, soil erosion would result from neglected maintenance in erosion-prone areas or the failure to maintain landscaping. To minimize this impact, regular inspections will be undertaken to ensure that the drainage structures. The riverbank will be well maintained and stabilized all the time. As part of the river bank, the retaining wall will be checked regularly against any shift in position and collapse, especially in the peak natural disaster season. The local water resource bureau and environmental monitoring station will undertake regular monitoring of erosion prevention and control measures during the operation phase. A maintenance ramp will be included in the design to facilitate access to the site for maintenance activities and for surveillance and control.

g. Soil Salinity

151. Under the unlined lake scenario, the minimum amount of water required during the critical dry months (April, May and June) to keep the lakes full would be at least 2400 m3/d; however, this flow would not be sufficient to manage the salinity in the wetland. The high salinity will have impacts on the living condition of the wildlife. The fresh plants cannot survive under salinity environment.

h. Public Health and Safety

152. Before flowing into the wetland, the treated wastewater will be disinfected by ultraviolet rays. Germs, virus and bacteria will be removed from effluents of the WWTP. Besides, the HRT of the wetland is long enough so that the water will be exposed under the direct sunlight for quite a long time. It also contributes to the removal of virus and control of contagious diseases. Thus the water quality is safe for public access.

153. To protect the public safety, the access controls (appropriate safety warning signs) and safety facilities (bridges, fencing, etc) will be employed. Advisory and interpretive signage will be installed in consultation with the authority that will be responsible for the management of the wetland system. The edge of any deep open water will be free from obstruction by waterfront or plants unless measures precluding access are incorporated. All boardwalk, rocky path, and bridges will have railings in accordance with design codes and satisfy inundation and safety criteria. Specialized access for facility maintenances will be closed for the public.

154. To ensure the successful and sustainable operation of the wetland system, a maintenance plan will be prepared by the developer during the detailed design phase that will clearly identify all maintenance tasks and frequency, and allocates maintenance responsibilities to the relevant authority. Also, an emergency plan will be prepared during the design phase to deal with special circumstance (overflow, excessive growth of monoculture, invasion of the exotic species. etc). For example, if the actual flow rate in the wetland is higher than the designed value, damage to vegetation will occur within the wetland system. Thus, a high flow by-pass will be employed.

155. Moreover, the breeding of the mosquito and overgrowth of the poison plants that may be harmful for human health will be controlled. The adverse impacts and measures are detailed in the sections b and d.

i. Water Balance

156. The water balance analysis is critical to estimate water demand of the wetland, the theoretical HRT in each lake, and the volume of inflow and outflow of the water. The lakes are lined with a low permeable synthetic liner. During dry season (usually April through June), the inflow rate needs to exceed 1,200 m3/d to meet water balance and to maintain water level. Based on a plan, part of the effluent from SembCorp WWTP and Veolia WWTP will be ready to flow into the constructed wetland during its operation. The total capacity of the two WWTPs is 33,000 m3/d, in which 12,500 m3/d effluent is planned to flow into the wetland (including 11000m3/d from the two WWTP and 500m3/d from the RO plants in the two WWTPs). In addition, 5,000 m3/d from the RO plant of the Project will also flow to the wetland. Therefore in the normal condition, the volume of the inflow water to the wetland will be 17,500m3/d, and the outflow water will be above 16,300m3/d.

Table 20: Water Balance of the Constructed Wetland (Unit: m3/d) Inflow Loss Scenario WWTP Rainwater Evaporation Infiltration Out flow Normal operating 17,500 540 700 140 16,300 condition Minimum condition 1.200 540 700 140 620 (Infiltration = 2.6 cm/m) Note: 1.The runoff is not considered in the table, for the wetland only receive the runoffs from the nearby watershed. 2. Due to the volume of the inflow, loss, and outflow will be different every day. The data listed in the table are just average value to indicate the condition of the water balance.

E. Sediment Dredging, Disposal and Bank Reconstruction Subcomponent

1. Environmental Baseline

a. Water Quality

157. The contaminated sediments in the estuarine area have become a secondary pollution source and threatened the water quality and the eco-system. The high volume of sediments would in the short term substantially affect commercial vessel drafts and in a long term gradually threat the port’s existence. As no current monitoring data of the sediments, a preliminary sediment contamination survey was conducted under the Project to provide updated information on the sediment.

158. Four monitoring sections were designed in Dagu Canal (Figure 8). The number of monitoring points of each monitoring sections is prescribed in Table 21. Sediment samples were collected at the top soft mud layer and the layers below until to the depth of 8 meters below the surface of the sediment. Totally 30 sediment samples were collected.

Figure 8: Dagu Canal Monitoring Sections

Table 21: Number of Monitoring Points at the Monitoring Section Between 3 No. of Monitoring Section 1 2 3 and 4 4 No. of monitoring points at the 4 4 3 1 3 monitoring section Note: Each sediment sample was tested in the laboratory for the following parameters: (a) Metals including chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As). (b) Polyaromatic hydrocarbons including Naphthalene, acenaphthene, Phenanthrene, Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Benzo(a)pyrene . (c)Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organic chlorine pesticides (OCPs) including DDT, Hexachlorocyclohexane(HCH), Hexachlorobenzene(HCB).

159. Water samples were also collected by Tianjin University of Science and Technology in November and December 2008. The sampling stations are shown in Figure 5. The monitoring results of marine water are listed in Tables 22-24. The concentration of inorganic nitrogen at three monitoring stations was higher than the limit. Phosphate at one station was higher than the limit.

Table 22: Baseline Water Quality in Hai River Estuary Area(High Tide) Regulatory Items Unit Threshold Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 pH - 6.8~8.8 7.87 7.80 7.80 SS mg/l 150 19.3 16.7 16.0 COD 5 1.95 1.32 1.49 DO 3 5.36 6.32 7.18 Inorganic Nitrogen µg/l 500 812.71 912.29 834.78 Active Phosphate 45 49.75 42.65 42.38 Petroleum 500 45.29 9.02 22.75 As 50 2.98 3.29 3.17 Cu 50 3.59 3.25 5.56 Pb 50 0.68 0.57 0.46 Zn 500 52.18 44.07 31.07 Cd 10 0.06 0.02 0.03 Hg 0.5 0.17 0.11 ND Note: ND means “not detected". Source: Comprehensive pollution control and dam renovation of the Dagu Canal estuary in HIP, Marine EIA report, Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering.

Table 23: Baseline Water Quality in Hai River Estuary Area (Low Tide)

Regulatory Items Unit Threshold Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 pH - 6.8~8.8 7.90 7.88 7.85 SS mg/L 150 16.50 17.50 20 COD 5 1.660 1.52 1.13 DO 3 5.27 5.31 5.21 Inorganic Nitrogen µg/L 500 834.19 840.32 1058.50 Phosphate 45 50.02 39.65 57.38 Petroleum 500 44.31 53.14 177.65 As 50 2.64 2.99 3.81 Cu 50 6.86 6.14 8.52 Pb 50 0.80 0.80 3.09 Zn 500 162.02 76.12 85.02 Cd 10 0.08 0.05 0.11 Hg 0.5 ND ND 0.09 Note: ND means “not detected". Source: Comprehensive pollution control and dam renovation of the Dagu Canal estuary in HIP, Marine EIA report, Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering.

Table 24: Baseline of Sediment Quality Metals (mg/kg) OCPs and PCBs(µg/kg) Sampling Location As Hg Pb Cd Cr Cu Zn Ni PCBs DDT HCH HCB 1-1 11 1.05 39.3 0.14 69.5 23.5 96 34.4 253 85.72 212.45 155.20 1-2*（1） 15.9 0.64 39.4 0.095 69.6 24.8 81.2 38.1 24.1 88.79 334.55 95.78 1-2*（2） 15.6 0.051 44 0.1 73.8 28.1 85.9 42 22.4 1.12 28.57 N.D 1-2*（3） 8.25 0.031 40.1 0.07 73.2 26.1 80.3 37.7 10.2 N.D N.D N.D 1-2*（4） 7.11 0.027 35.4 0.15 68.2 21.2 71.8 42.1 5.7 N.D N.D N.D 1-3*（1） 15.1 0.79 39 0.12 84.7 21.8 76.5 43.7 108 77.36 182.27 89.78 1-3*（2） 19.3 0.038 43.3 0.22 85.4 35.8 96.5 41.5 8.2 1.13 2.60 N.D 1-3*（3） 20 0.042 41.1 0.18 89.6 37.8 103 48.8 3.5 N.D N.D N.D 1-3*（4） 8.83 0.027 23.6 0.12 62.9 20.8 64.1 28.2 4.3 N.D N.D N.D 1-4 11.2 1.51 29.8 0.05 74.7 26.9 98.6 34.6 336 101.24 199.20 99.80 2-1 13.7 0.45 33.6 0.085 80.5 32.2 118 37.2 312 124.05 284.52 142.50 2-2（1） 12.4 0.36 27.2 0.05 67.2 25.7 70 32.8 309 97.6 215.28 115.20 2-2*（2） 14.8 0.16 35.6 0.05 81.4 32.8 89 40.5 105 2.52 8.54 N.D 2-2*（3） 11.2 0.028 33.8 0.075 78.5 31.5 87 38.3 11.7 N.D N.D N.D 2-2*（4） 9.28 0.05 26.8 0.065 61.5 23.9 64.2 28.7 8.9 N.D N.D N.D 2-3*（1） 12.5 0.77 30.4 0.09 65.6 23.2 69.4 32.3 215 87.41 156.80 97.80 2-3*（2） 15.6 0.035 34.3 0.14 79.4 32 86.7 40.4 123 1.12 4.47 N.D 2-3*（3） 9.37 0.031 32.9 0.11 79.1 29.6 85.2 37.3 13.4 N.D N.D N.D 2-3*（4） 7.67 0.025 26.7 0.055 58.9 20.3 62 27.5 9.8 N.D N.D N.D 2-4 14.7 0.97 35.9 0.12 85.3 34.5 107 41.3 248 88.42 271.50 102.75 3-1 10.3 1.35 38.9 0.075 66.7 27.3 91.7 31.6 204 115.35 178.10 99.32 3-2 9.94 1.15 26.4 0.095 61.1 19.8 60.7 27.5 31.8 97.54 124.05 95.45 3-3 15.8 1.42 40.8 0.21 81.6 34.8 129 39.5 20.5 115.30 145.52 115.30 4-1 11.8 1.81 38.3 0.18 93.6 58 203 43 386 187.42 303.43 127.06 4-2 11.7 0.74 33.8 0.13 80.2 35.6 121 38.5 361 125.30 285.77 78.26 4-3 10.7 1.35 37.4 0.23 95 60.9 205 43.6 302 152.18 215.94 110.75 Independent*(1) 5.13 1.85 30.6 0.07 52.5 35.4 154 30.7 19.8 213.50 297.50 185.76 Independent*(2) 10.7 0.64 43.5 0.16 65 20.2 70 32.1 15.3 3.85 40.20 1.52 Independent*(3) 13.7 0.032 37.7 0.12 65 22.2 77 35.8 19.5 N.D 1.61 N.D Independent*(4) 22.2 0.048 51.1 0.08 78.7 37.1 110 49.3 10.2 N.D N.D N.D

160. According to the monitoring results in Table 24, the concentrations of DDT, HCH, and HCB in the sediments of Dagu Canal are all lower than the Grade A in Standard of Soil Quality Assessment for Exhibition Sites (HJ350-2007) 14 . Moreover, the concentrations of As, Hg, and Zn slightly exceeded the Grade A, and the concentrations of the other heavy metals are all lower than the Grade A . The concentrations of all heavy metals are all lower than Grade B of Standard of Soil Quality Assessment for Exhibition Sites (HJ350-2007). The concentrations of 16 types of PAHs are all lower than the Grade A of Standard of Soil Quality Assessment for Exhibition Sites (HJ350-2007). Among 30 samples, the concentration of PCB from 10 monitoring points slightly exceeded the Grade A, but far below the Grade B. Table 25 lists the parameters that are beyond the Grade A.

Table 25: Concentrations of Parameters Exceeding Grade A (Unit: mg/kg) Parameters Sampling Locations Concentration Grade A Grade B As Independent*(4) 22.2 20 80 1-4 1.51 1.5 50 Hg 4-1 1.81 Independent*(1) 1.85 4-1 203 200 1500 Zn 4-3 205 1-1 0.253 0.2 1 1-4 0.336 2-1 0.312 2-2（1） 0.309 （） 0.215 PCB 2-3* 1 2-4 0.248 3-1 0.204 4-1 0.386 4-2 0.361 4-3 0.302

161. In all, the concentrations of the parameters at some monitoring sites slightly violate the Grade A in Standard of Soil Quality Assessment for Exhibition Sites (HJ350-2007), but meet the Grade B. Therefore the concentrations of the sediments are between Grade A and Grade B quality and are suitable for the land use of landscaping, commercial areas and public municipal area. According to the FSR, the sediments will be used for land reclamation in HIP for industrial and commercial development. Thus, the method of sediment dredging and disposal is feasible.

b. Air Quality

162. The monitoring result shows that except TSP, the daily average value of NO2, SO2, PM10 all attained the Grade II of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996). The detailed data are listed in the following Table 26.

14 Currently, Standard of Soil Quality Assessment for Exhibition Sites (HJ350-2007) is the one and only soil remediation standard in China. Although the standard is aiming at the soil quality of the exhibition sites, it also covers the green land, commercial development land and industrial areas. Thus this standard can be used as reference for this sediment reuse assessment.

Table 26: Baseline of Air Quality (Unit: mg/m3) Parameters TSP NO2 SO2 PM10 0.12 (daily) 0.15 (daily) Limit 0.30 (daily) 0.15 (daily) 0.24 (hourly) 0.50 (hourly) Range 0.414~0.607 0.024~0.041 0.028~0.059 0.012~0.063 Average 0.561 0.03 0.039 0.054 Source: Domestic EIA.

c. Noise

163. The noise level of the subcomponent site is the same as the WWTP subcomponent.

d. Ecosystem

164. Phytoplankton and zooplankton samples were collected at the biological sampling stations. There are 34 species of phytoplankton mainly includes 1 species of grass - green algae, 24 species of diatoms, 5 species of dinoflagellates, 4 species of blue - green algae. The density of phytoplankton is between 24,096~345,000/m3(at high tide); The density of phytoplankton is between 12,2476~76,4400/m3(at low tide).There are 9 species of zooplankton mainly includes 1 species of coelenterates, 1 species of chaetognatha, 6 species of arthropods,1 species of fish. The density of zooplankton is between 0~6.38/m3 (at high tide); The density of zooplankton is between 2.43~80 /m3 (at low tide). Mollusks are the main benthos in the investigation area. The density of Mollusks is between 0~54.44/m3.

165. Eggs of fish and juvenile fish are collected in May 2007 by the Tianjin Fishery Research Institute. The sampling locations are marked in Figure 9. There are in all 6398 grains of fish eggs from the sampling locations. The amount of the fish eggs is 2~2,371 grains at different sampling locations. The density of the fish egg is 0.03~31.39 grains /m3. The average amount of fish eggs in the investigation area is 7.00/m3. The highest amount of fish eggs appear in location 13# (2371 grains), followed by location 4# (1364 grains); The prevailing species are Clupeiformes. There are 1090 juvenile fish in the nearby marine area. The amount of the juveniles fish is 5~532 grains. The density of the juvenile fish is 0.06~8.80 grains/m3. The average amount of juvenile fish in the investigation area is 1.63/m3. The highest amount of juveniles fish appear in location 5# (532 grains),followed by location 12# (214 grains); The prevailing species are Sciaenidae, followed by Engraulidae, Gobiidae, Perciformes. It is shown that the habitat quality of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos in the subcomponent area is very poor.

Figure 9: Biological Sampling Locations

Source: Comprehensive pollution control and dam renovation of the Dagu Canal estuary in HIP, Marine EIA report, Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering.

2. Construction Phase

166. Based on the preliminary design, the total volume of dredging sediments is approximately 1.8 million m3. The dredging area will cover 234,000 m2. The dredging depth is approximately 10 m. The dredging activities are expected to last for 6 months15.

167. According to the Sediment DD report, the pollutant concentrations in the top layer of the sediments exceed the acceptable limits for land reclamation. The depth of such top layer of the sediments is approximately 2.5 m, with the volume of approximately 520,000 m3. Therefore the dredging will be implemented in two stages: at first stage dredging out the top layer of the sediments (about 2.5 m), at second stage dredging to the target depth. The top layer of the sediments (about 2.5 m) will be transferred to geotextile tubes for dewatering by adding flocculant. These geotextile tubes will be stacked in the sediment pretreatment facility for dewatering. The

15 Source: Domestic FSRs.

46 sediments below 2.5m will be dredged and transferred to a temporal storage and sedimentation pond in order to keep the sediments and decant the water.

168. After the dewatering, the sediments will be transported to the reclamation site by sealed vehicles. The sediments will be filled to the land reclamation area where is planned for industrial or wetland usage. A layer of uncontaminated soils (thickness ≥ 0.4m) will be put on top of the filled area to guarantee the healthy condition to the people having activities in these area.

169. The potential environmental effects of the dredging were assessed to include: (i) increasing the turbidity due to excavation works and sediment dewatering, (ii) changes to the chemical and physical conditions of the algal benthic populations, (iii) fish injury associated with exposure to SS and fish behavioral effects due to the effects of noise, and changes to fish population composition and productivity, and (iv) affecting the tidal propagation and the changes to the geometry of river and estuarine circulation.

a. Water Quality

170. During the phase of sediment dredging, disturbance to the river and an increase in TSS in the river are expected, primarily from dredging and overflowing of the sediments dewatering. A strong increase in turbidity will be observed as sediment cloud, but soon this could disappear. It is expected to lead to short-term increase in concentrations of SS in the river especially immediately around the dredging spots. SS are an important factor of water quality. High SS will lead to the physical, chemical and biological property change of the water body. It will also bring aesthetic issues and ecological degradation of aquatic environments.

171. Dredging activities may lead to sediment re-suspension. Contaminants originally trapped in the sediments, if any, would be released into the water body during the dredging operation. Re-suspension of sediments can also lead to the increase of the turbidity, the release of nutrients, and reduction of the water transparency and oxygen contents. The released nutrients may cause algal blooms, eutrophication and a decline in water quality.

172. The temporal and spatial variations analysis of the contaminant concentration was simulated. The SS impact is shown in the following Table 27.

Table 27: Calculation of SS-Affected Distance during Dredging

Pollution SS-Affected Distance under Different Concentrations (km) Intensity Tide (kg/s) ≥10mg/L ≥100mg/L ≥150mg/L High Tide 3.8 1.5 1.3 8.5 Low Tide 4.2 3.0 2.3 Source: Domestic EIA.

173. As shown in the Table 27, the impacts to water environment were limited to the waterway. Even the high concentration SS will not have direct impacts on the sensitive environmental protection site. These impacts will disappear after the dredging is completed.

174. The concentration of SS discharged from the overflow outlet should be less than or equal to 150 mg/L according to the Grade II of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996). However, based on the monitoring data of this type of project, the concentration of SS discharged in the overflow outlet is approximately less than or

47 equal to 1,000 mg/l. The affected area of the SS pollution is listed in Table 30. The SS with the concentration higher than 150 mg/l affected about 0.016 km2 of river surface. The SS with the concentration higher than 10 mg/l affected about 0.13 km2 of river surfaces. The affected area of the SS pollution due to overflow is the lower reach of Dagu Canal. Therefore, SS will not have direct impacts on the marine environment.

Table 28: Affected Scope of SS Discharged from Overflow Outlet (Unit:km2) SS Concentration >150 mg/L >100 mg/L >10 mg/L Affected Scope 0.016 0.067 0.13

175. The site-specific selection of dredging equipment and methods, and operational procedures, can mitigate some of the negative effects of dredging. For example, in consideration to the protection of Hai River estuary area and cost-effectiveness of the dredging, for disposal of large volume, high water-content of excavated sediment, hydraulic techniques can be considered to be the most effective in dredging contaminated soils.

(i) Hydraulic dredges remove and transport sediments in liquid slurry form. A cutter-suction dredger (CSD) is a stationary dredge. CSD’s suction tube has a rotating cutter head at the suction inlet, to loosen the earth and transport it to the suction mouth. The dredged soil is usually sucked up by a wear-resistant centrifugal pump and transported the sediments as a water and soil mixture via a pipeline to the disposal site. The accuracy of excavated profile is about 25 cm, which is better than other types of dredges. The increase of SS depends on the speed of the cutter head rotation. CSD is better able to handle hard sediments than other types of dredges. CSD will be employed for the Project according to the characteristics of the sediments, the river bed conditions and the availability of dredging equipment in HIP.

(ii) A detailed planning for treatment and disposal of the dredged sediments should be developed by the DIs and approved by the TEPD before dredging works start. The technical requirements will be included in the bidding documents and construction contracts for the dredging works. To confirm the result of the EIA and effectiveness of mitigation measures adopted, water quality in the Hai River will be monitored during dredging for SS, COD, and oils, and corrective actions will be taken if abnormalities are discovered. The contractor will be required to have sound environmental management programs, including well-maintained dredging machinery, solid waste collection and disposal and wastewater handling. If the monitoring would discover any significant impact, new mitigation measures will be formulated and implemented.

176. According to the Design Code of Environmental Protection for Port Engineering (JTJ231-2007) and its calculation method, 0.8 t/d oily sewage and 5.12 t/d domestic sewage will need to be treated during the dredging. The oily and domestic sewage will be collected by “Environmental Protection No.1 Ship” of Tianjin Port, and then be sent to the WWTP of HIP. There will be no sewage discharged into water body directly. The waste water will not cause negative effects on the water environment.

b. Air Quality

177. The river bed sediments contain some anoxic or anaerobic degradative organic compounds due to microorganism metabolism, gradually contributing to the formation of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and other odorous gasses. When the surface sediments

48 are disturbed during dredging, odorous gasses will be released into the air, and this will affect the area within approximately 50 m around the dredging site. However, its potential odor impact on receivers is only short term and temporary. Furthermore, below the surface layer of the sediment, the odor will be too less to cause impact, the sediment temporal storage and pretreatment facility is located north to the Dagu Canal, adjacent to the sediments dredging sites and there are no sensitive receptors around the facility.

c. Ecosystem

178. Dredging activities can lead to physical stress on species, change the habitats and cause decline of density and abundances of the species and biomass in benthic communities. For example, elevated turbidity would reduce primary productivity (phytoplankton) and then reduce the amount of food available to higher food chain levels. The turbidity would also reduce light penetration, and affects aquatic plant growth and performance of visual predators (e.g. fish, birds). SS would also reduce larval feeding condition, affect organisms both directly and indirectly, leading to mortality and decreased yield of the fish population. Particles would smother or abrade organisms and block the fish gills.

179. Biological sampling was conducted in support of the environmental analysis of dredging. With relatively lower biomass in the dredging area, it is calculated that the direct loss of benthos during dredging is approximately 371.2 tons and the indirect loss of the benthos will be 334.1 tons16. In all, dredging activities will influence the diversity of fauna and flora in these habitats to some extent. However, no significant aquatic species or fish habitats are known to exist within the affected area. It is recommended that dredging be undertaken between late summer and the winter to avoid the spawning season17. It is further recommended to reinforce the environmental education of the construction workers. It is forbidden to spoil the ecosystem and vegetation around the construction site. With these mitigation measures, these negative impacts will be temporary and are expected to disappear soon after the dredging activity ends.

d. Soil Quality

180. The potential soil contamination may occur in the process of transportation and land reclamation. Transportation vehicles will be sealed and kept in a stable status while driving. Regular monitoring of the vehicles loading will be conducted to ensure that spill of sediments will not happen during transportation. When the sediments were filled to the bottomland for land reclamation, the sediment will form the part of the soil of the land. Because both the concentrations and the volatility of the pollutants in the sediment were very low, and the sediment will be covered by a layer of uncontaminated soil, based on the human health risk assessment in the PPTA report, the carcinogenic risk is below 10-6 which is the normal acceptable level. Therefore the newly formatted soil will be safe for surface activities.

e. Noise

181. The noise emitted by the dredging machines and perceived by the nearest sensitive receptors depends on the attenuation of the original noise level and the distance from the source. The noise generated by the dredging vessels may cause a level of auditory discomfort. However, given the nearest sensitive receptor is Shiyou

16 Analysis by Tianjin Technology University. 17 Sediment Management & Dredging in Lakes, The National Trust, A report based on a workshop held at Arlington Court, Devon, March 2002.

New Village which is about 2100m away from the dredging site, it is not expected that these would be intolerable. The impact of noise from the dredging activities is considered to be minor.

f. Solid Wastes

182. The solid waste generated during the construction phase of the subcomponent is domestic garbage produced by the workers on the ships. According to the Design Code of Environmental Protection for Port Engineering (JTJ231-2007) and its calculation method, the amount of domestic garbage will be about 96 kg/d. Garbage will be classified and handed over to the authorized company for disposal, and will not bring significant effects to the surrounding environment.

g. Safety and Health

183. There is an issue of concern over the safety and health of the dredging equipment operators. In addition to employing safe equipment, PPEs will be provided for the workers to operate under a safer condition. Dredging contractors will be required to develop a safety and health plan prior to commencing dredging operations. An emergency response plan will also be in place during the subcomponent implementation period.

h. Environmental Risks

184. Environmental risks are mainly from the oil spill accidents of ship collision caused by incautious operation, mismanagement, and violation of operating regulations when the dredging vessels are operating or sailing. Ship infrastructure damage may also lead to traffic accidents.

185. Besides, it is possible for accidental leaks/spills of dredged sediments to occur from improperly sealed or broken joints along the CSD pipeline during dredging operations. Leakages would result in the release of the dredged sediments to the canal and cause water turbidity. When a leakage is discovered, the dredge pumps will be shut down until the leak is repaired. Care will be taken to avoid release of contaminated sediments into the water body by regularly maintaining and repairing the dredging pipes, the dredging ship, and the connections between the pipes and the ship.

186. Spillage will pose a high risk to the environment. These accidents are required to be reported immediately to the environmental emergency department of the TEPD. Based on the requirement of Procedure for the Seal of Ships Pollution Discharging Equipment in the Bohai Sea Area (2003), the pollution discharge equipment on the dredging ship will be sealed by maritime authority. The oily and domestic wastewater will be collected by “Environmental Protection No. 1 Ship” of Tianjin Port, and then be sent to the WWTP of the HIP. Workers are forbidden to dump and throw waste oil arbitrarily. There will be no sewage discharged into water body directly. The ship wastes will be put in containers or garbage bags on a daily basis. When the ship pulls in to the dock, the garbage will be sent to the Hangu garbage station and transported to an authorized landfill site in Tianjin. The supervision of pollutant discharge will be included in the supervision and management system of Tianjin Maritime Safety Administration (a government department). The garbage disposal, oily and domestic wastewater treatment, discharge shall comply with the operating procedures as prescribed in the Discharge Standard for Pollutants from Ship (GB3552-83). The project implementation companies (PICs) should be required in the contract and implement these operating procedures.

3. Operation Phase

187. The potential risks to the spectrum of human receptors of the subcomponent will be poor enforcement of the mitigation measures, such as the sediment was wrongly dumped to the surface of land where is used for residential zone.

188. Although the dredged sediments are acceptable for subsurface layer land reclamation in terms of incremental human health risk, it is possible that the pollutant concentration of the sediments is higher than the baseline of the in-situ soil. Some pollutants may be accumulated by the deep-rooted plant on the reclaimed land. However, these vegetations will not be eaten as a vegetable, thus they may not affect the human health.

189. Sediment quality will be monitored regularly. According to the agreed upon monitoring and mitigation plans during both construction and operation, the District Environmental Monitoring Stations (DEMS) will conduct Project sediment monitoring in accordance with the sampling locations, frequencies, and parameters specified in the EMP.

F. Storm Surge Disaster Reduction Subcomponent

1. Environmental Baseline

a. Water Quality

190. The environmental function of marine area where the northern breakwater located is classified as the environmental function of marine port areas and marine developmental areas of special use. The Class IV of the Marine Water Quality Standards (GB 3097-1997) is applicable. For the marine sediments and organisms, the Class III of the Marine Sediment Quality Standards (GB18668-2002) is applicable. Coastal water quality baseline monitoring was carried out for adjacent subcomponent area (Figure 10). The monitoring data and the relevant standard limits for sea water are shown in Table 29 and Table 30. Except for the inorganic nitrogen, the other parameters of marine water quality meet the applicable standards. The reasons that inorganic nitrogen exceeded the standard is that during the operation and development of Tianjin Port, nitrogen and phosphate along with the chemical industry wastewater, petroleum wastewater and domestic wastewater were discharged into the Bohai Gulf. Some of the contaminants settled on the bottom of the marine as sediments, some contaminants are released by microorganism decomposition. Thus, the nutrients in the marine water were increased.

Figure 10: Water Sampling Positions

Table 29: Baseline Marine Water Quality (High Tide) Regulatory Items Unit Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Threshold pH 6.8~8.8 7.84 7.92 7.91 SS mg/L 150 24.0 38.7 58.0 COD 5 0.93 1.27 1.48 DO 3 7.59 5.56 5.82 Inorganic µg/L 500 791.36 735.69 887.74 Nitrogen Active 45 36.11 36.93 28.75 Phosphate Petroleum 500 53.14 77.65 16.86 As 50 3.00 2.95 2.61 Cu 50 7.14 9.18 5.77 Pb 50 0.52 0.58 0.18 Zn 500 3.52 81.3 11.53 Cd 10 0.03 0.1 0.11 Hg 0.5 0.19 - - Source: Comprehensive pollution control and dam renovation of the Dagu Canal estuary in HIP, Marine EIA report, Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering.

Table 30: Baseline of Marine Water Quality (Low Tide) Regulatory Items Unit Threshold Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 pH 6.8~8.8 7.87 7.89 7.87 SS mg/L 150 16.50 9.33 41.00 COD 5 1.35 1.85 0.73 DO 3 5.92 6.32 6.04 Inorganic Nitrogen µg/L 500 857.10 751.68 758.08 Active Phosphate 45 50.84 28.47 48.93 Petroleum 500 131.57 98.24 82.55 As 50 3.12 3.08 2.87 Cu 50 4.56 4.80 3.46 Pb 50 1.50 0.50 0.52 Zn 500 101.14 115.60 107.88 Cd 10 0.11 0.04 0.10 Hg 0.5 - 0.01 - Source: Comprehensive pollution control and dam renovation of the Dagu Canal estuary in HIP, Marine EIA report, Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering.

191. The sediments of all the monitoring points in the investigation meet Class III of Marine Sediment Quality Standard (GB18668-2002).

Table 31: Baseline Marine Sediment Quality (Unit: mg/kg) Regulatory Regulatory Items Threshold Threshold Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 (Class III) (Class I) Petroleum 1500 500 50.73 39.94 466.38 Cu 200 80 23.92 25.24 26.88 Pb 250 150 2.34 2.35 2.86 Zn 600 35 107.88 97.69 95.41 Cd 5 0.5 0.06 0.06 0.04 Hg 1 0.3 0.18 0.13 0.08 As 93 2 7.02 9.21 9.32 Source: Comprehensive pollution control and dam renovation of the Dagu Canal estuary in HIP, Marine EIA report, Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering.

b. Air Quality

192. The air quality monitoring results are that SO2 concentrations are in the range of 3 3 0.024~0.224 mg/m ; NO2 concentrations are in the range of 0~0.127 mg/m ; and PM10 concentrations are in the range of 0.037~162 mg/m3. The results show that except TSP, the daily average value of NO2, SO2, PM10 all meet the Grade II of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996).

Table 32: Baseline Air Quality TSP NO2 SO2 PM10 Items Concentration Concentration Concentration Concentration Regulatory ≤0.30 ≤0.12 ≤0.15 ≤0.15 Threshold (daily average) (daily average) (daily average) (daily average) ≤0.24 ≤0.50 (hourly average) (hourly average)

Range(mg/m3) 0.149~0.587 ND~0.127 0.024~0.224 0.037~162 Note: ND means “not detected". Source: Domestic EIA.

c. Noise

193. The proposed subcomponent location is in the sea. The noise source was basically noises from the ship operation and navigation. The acoustic environmental quality is expected qualified to the applicable standards. Thus, there is no need to conduct acoustic environmental quality baseline monitoring

d. Ecosystem

194. The baseline data of the ecosystem is the same as the sediments dredging subcomponent.

2. Construction Phase

a. Water Quality

195. Based on a preliminary assessment on the SS generated from the dredges in Tianjin Port, the SS releasing intensity is about 2.4 kg/s. Two representative points in the proposed breakwater construction site were chosen to simulate the trend of the SS diffusion. SS will diffuse to landward with high tide and to seaward with low tide in the east of the Tianjin Port. This SS generation will be short-term and dissipate quickly due to wave and tide. It will not bring adverse impact to the other areas, and eventually will disappear with the completion of the construction. The impact on water quality is anticipated to be minor. Table 33 shows that the maximum SS-affected area around the representative points.

Table 33: Scope of the Maximum SS-affected Area (Unit: km2) Representative Points 10~100 mg/L 100~150 mg/L ＞150 mg/L Total 1# 0.42 0.02 0.01 0.45 2# 0.53 0.02 0.01 0.56 Source: Domestic EIA.

196. According to the Design Code of Environment Protection for Port Engineering (JTS149-1-2007) and its calculation methods, there will be 2.4 t/d of oil sewage, 14.4 t/d of domestic sewage. The oil-water separator or oil collector will be installed on the construction ship. The oily and domestic sewage will be collected by “Environmental Protection No.1 Ship” of Tianjin Port, and then be sent to the WWTP of HIP. Oil sewage treatment operations and domestic sewage discharge operations shall comply with the operating procedures as prescribed in the Discharge Standard for Pollutants from Ship (GB3552-83).

b. Ecological Quality

197. The occupation of sea and the diffusion of SS are the main concerns of the subcomponent impacts to the marine ecological environment.

(i) The construction of the breakwater will permanently occupy the marine area. The breakwater structure will displace more than 21.5 hm2 of bottom substrate material and reduce traditional fishing area. It is roughly calculated that the loss of the benthos due to the subcomponent will be 4.3 t/a. (ii) Placement of the breakwater construction materials has the potential conflict with the marine habitat. Based on the calculation method of Technical Regulations for Impact Assessment of Construction Projects on Marine Living Resources (SC/T 9110-2007), the loss of fishery resources

will be about 55,900.

198. In terms of aquatic ecology, the increased SS will result in changes of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the water body, and produce negative effects on the aquatic life. Physical change caused by SS will directly reduce the penetration of light, block available light for photosynthesis and change the water temperature. SS can indirectly reduce benthic primary productivity by affecting the abundance of phytoplankton. Phytoplankton is at the bottom level of aquatic food chain and the food of zooplankton. The zooplankton is the food of fish. If the population of phytoplankton decreases, the zooplankton will decrease, the food of the fish and high-level consumers will be limited or unavailable. The magnitude of the impact depends somewhat on length of the disturbance time.

199. Besides, fish population is directly impacted by shipping activities, increased SS and noise level. In general, fish can swim away from unclear water to avoid injury. The number of fish is relatively small in the estuary based on the baseline data. However, the cause of injury and death of fish will mainly be the removed protective coating of mucus and clogged gill by particles, captured and killed by construction equipment, destroyed normal foraging or spawning areas. Continuous exposures for days to high sediment concentrations are tend to kill most species of adult fish. Fish recovered from these direct impacts can also be indirectly impacted by food deficiency. And there is potential risk to release unexpected contaminants to the food chain.

200. It is recommended to use artificial adding of sea creature technique to compensate the loss of biomass and restore the coastal biology resources. The species added will be local species in Bohai Gulf. They are easier for artificial breeding & cultivation and have economic values, such as Scapharca subcrenata, portunid. The specific adding plan will be done by the construction company after the consultation with local fisheries and aquaculture authority.

c. Hydrodynamics Impact

201. The breakwater changes the shape of sea bottom, which may have both positive and negative effects. Different layouts (the orientation and length of the breakwater) were studied in physical model research work. The layout with 2,976.875 m breakwater is assessed to be the best layout for back silting prevention, shipping and port protection (Figure 3). Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute (NHRI) conducted the hydraulic - numerical and physical models to simulate different scenarios of wave current situations. The results indicate that there are changes in the wave velocity and direction during the construction of the breakwater.

d. Sediment Impact

202. There will be impacts to the condition of the sediments around the breakwater; however it will be temporary and localized. After the completion of the subcomponent, these impacts will disappear.

e. Solid Wastes

203. According to the Design Code of Environment Protection for Port Engineering (JTS149-1-2007) and its calculation method, solid waste generated from the construction will be domestic garbage from the construction ships. The amount of daily domestic garbage will be about 180 kg/d. The ship wastes will be put in containers or garbage bags daily. When the ship is in port, the garbage will be sent to the Hangu garbage station, and then delivered to an authorized landfill site in Tianjin. The

55 supervision of pollutant discharge of the subcomponent will be included in the supervision and management system of Tianjin Maritime Safety Administration. The garbage disposal, oil sewage treatment, and the domestic sewage discharge shall comply with the operating procedures as prescribed in the Discharge Standard for Pollutants from Ship (GB3552-83). The PICs will be required in the contract and implement these operating procedures.

f. Noise

204. The construction of the proposed breakwater may result in minor and short-term noise disturbance during daytime hours that which will be controlled and minimized, by equipping all construction equipment and vessels with well-maintained noise suppression devices.

g. Safety and Health

205. The subcomponent activities may have pose safety and health hazards to the construction workers. The contractor will be required to develop a site-specific safety plan. Access to work areas will be controlled and restricted to certain professional construction personnel. Some minor impacts from dump truck due to speed, noise, and spillage of the construction materials or traffic jam are anticipated. As equipment and construction materials will be transported to the site via the existing road network, appropriate traffic signal will be in place and local municipal construction rules will be followed.

206. The construction activities may cause disturbance to shipping and harbor operation. The Harbor Authority will coordinate all vessel activities within the harbor during construction period. Any construction activities that could result in any significant interference will be discussed and coordinated with the local harbor authority to avoid any safety issues.

h. Environmental Risks

207. The subcomponent may also have the risk oil spillage accidents of the construction ships. The risk level of the subcomponent is Grade II based on the Technical Guidelines for Environment Risk Assessment on Projects (HJ/T 169-2004).According to the requirement of the Regulations for Management Concerning Sealing of the Shipboard Pollutant Discharging Equipment in the Coastal Waters (2007), the pollution discharge equipment on the construction ship will be certified by maritime authority. Machinery will be checked and maintained regularly for leakage of lubricants and kept in good working order. Refueling of the machinery and the ship will be done at least 30 m from any water body. All spills or leakages will be promptly collected, cleaned up and the accidents will be reported to the environmental emergencies response agency18.

3. Operation Phase

208. The operation of the subcomponent is not expected to generate major environmental impact. After the breakwater is built up, there are a few hydraulic changes in the marine area of the subcomponent location.

(i) Wave action at the inner side of the wharf will be reduced and the berthing

18 National Regulations on the Prevention of Sea Pollution Caused by Vessels(2009)

conditions will be improved by the breakwater in HIP harbor. The breakwater is beneficial for the vessel navigation by providing the necessary hydraulic conditions. (ii) Waves propagating towards the shore used to bring undesirable effects on the operation of port. Results shown that after the breakwater is built, the breakwater can divert the waves from the port. (iii) The breakwater weakens waves from Bohai Gulf and thus protects the shore. It plays an important role in the “two breakwater” gates of HIP. It will provide a safety environment of navigation and prevent back silting in the harbor.

209. Routine maintenance and repair of breakwater embankments, such as repairs or replacement of damaged embankments, and stabilization inspection, if necessary, will be carried out regularly. If signs of failure are discovered, a repair and maintenance program will be immediately initiated. The program will be budgeted as part of the regular flood control infrastructure maintenance programs. The local water resource bureau, ocean administrative bureau and environmental monitoring station will undertake regular monitoring of erosion prevention and control measures during the operation phase.

G. Environmental Monitoring and Emergency Response Center Subcomponent

1. Environmental Baseline

210. The subcomponent site is located at the same reclaimed land site of the above four subcomponents. The environmental noise and surface water baseline are the same as the baseline data of WWTP site. The soil and air baseline are the same as the data from the wetland subcomponent.

211. The responsibility of the ERC is to identify the potential high risk sites, environmental sensitive sites and develop monitoring program to protect these sites. Periodic inspections will be carried out to these sensitive sites. The monitoring frequency should be higher in these sensitive sites. The sensitive site identification will be conducted based on the real layout of the industrial enterprises, the residential zones, the resort areas and their characteristics. At present some non-industrial sensitive sites were identified. Table 34 below is an example of the identification results.

Table 34: Environmental Sensitive and Protection Objectives Distance to the Sensitive and Protected Site Functions Direction ERC (m) Bulk cargo logistics center Commercial West 2500 and trade zone

Petroleum new residential district Residential Northwest 3200 district

Dagu Cannon relic Historical relic Northwest 3200

Seaside resort Tourist zone South 6000

Source: FSRs, prepared by the Tianjin Tianle International Consulting Co. (TICC) and TAES.

2. Construction Phase

212. The subcomponent is aimed to upgrade and expand the existing monitoring and emergency response system in order to enhance emergency response capacity. The main tasks of the subcomponent are the purchase and installation of the monitoring and emergency response equipment. These activities will not have any significant impacts on the environment. The main impact of this subcomponent will be created by the construction of the ERC building. The construction will involve dust generating activities, and generate wastewater, solid wastes, and noises around the construction site.

213. Dust generating activities include excavation, demolition, building structure construction and material handling. Dust mitigation measures will be implemented, including paving main haul roads, fencing construction sites with wall no less than 2.5 m, minimizing on-site storage time of construction wastes, covering stockpiles, covering trucks with tarpaulin sheets to prevent dust emission, and controlling vehicle speeds on construction sites. Exhaust fumes from vehicles will be minimized by using tail gas purifiers, by good maintenance of construction machines and equipments, and by regular checks to ensure that exhaust gases complied with emission standards.

214. The following measures have been proposed to mitigate the impact of the noise from construction activities: (i) select low-noise machinery , (ii) install noise buffers and vibration-proof equipment and temporary sound barriers if necessary, (iii) good maintenance and proper operation of construction machinery to minimize noise generation, (iv) not allow using heavy machinery near sensitive areas during night (from 22:00 to 06:00), and (v) optimize transportation routes for large vehicles to prevent noise impact in residential areas and do not allow the waste transportation during night time (from 22:00 to 06:00 hours).

215. Construction wastes will be collected and transported to the municipal landfill. A drainage system will be constructed to collect wastewater and minimize soil erosion. Slope protection works shall be conducted, and grass and tree shall be planted in each erosion-prone section to prevent soil erosion. Noise generating activities, such as rock crushing, concrete mixing and asphalt hot-mixing, and storage yards shall be located at a distance of 300 m at least from sensitive sites to minimize the noise impact.

3. Operation Phase

216. During the operating period, wastewater and solid wastes will be generated from the laboratories.

(i) Recyclable laboratory wastes will be reused in appropriate recycling procedure. Organic solvents like ethanol, chloroform, and diethyl ether shall be collected in laboratories separately and recycled or disposed. (ii) Hazardous wastes from the laboratories are forbidden to dispose via municipal waste collections or wastewater collections. They will be collected separately, treated and disposed of by licensed hazardous waste vender. These wastes will be disposed of in a cost-effective and environmental-friendly way. It is recommended to detoxify small amounts of hazardous chemical wastes in the laboratory by qualified staff or handed over to the authorized organizations. (iii) Chemical liquid is forbidden to be discharged into the municipal sewer directly. Waste liquor tanks will be installed in the laboratory for collecting different kinds of chemical liquid. The acid and alkali will be neutralized and then disposed of as “rinsing and washing wastewater”. Acidic solutions or alkaline solutions that do not contain heavy metals or other hazardous substances will be neutralized with sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid in equimolar amounts and then discharged as laboratory wastewater.

(iv) The detergent that is friendly to the environment (such as non-phosphate detergent) will be used to wash experimental facilities to reduce pollution due to washing wastewater. (v) The domestic waste will be collected daily by the municipal sanitation bureau and disposed of in the municipal landfill. The domestic wastewater will be discharged to the municipal sewage network and then be treated by municipal wastewater treatment plant.

H. Land Acquisition and Resettlement

217. The Project will not have land acquisition or resettlement issues. The proposed subcomponent sites are already under HIP development. HIP has been built on the coastal zone of the Tanggu ocean area. Agreements with compensation were reached with the affected organization and provided to the affected villagers of Luju Village in 2007. A due diligence assessment has confirmed that the land acquisition and resettlement meets the national policies and ADB guidelines.

I. Cultural Relics

218. Within the direct impact areas of the proposed Project, no cultural relics have been identified. Contractors will be educated to strictly follow the national reporting procedure in case such relics are found during construction. The procedure calls for immediate halt of construction activities and contact relevant authorities. Contractors may resume work at the site if so instructed by authorities and cultural relics specialists following their onsite investigation

VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

A. Environmental Considerations

1. Main Environmental Challenges

219. In addition to the existing pollution issues in the Hai River estuary area, the main environmental challenges of TBNA development have included (i) pollutant discharges due to the economic development, (ii) serious degradation of Bohai Gulf and Hai River estuary ecosystems, (iii) the accumulation of contaminated sediments in the estuary, and (iv) increased incidences of storm surge disasters.

a. Pollutant Discharges due to Economic Development

220. There are about 122 million people living in the 319,000 km2 area of Hai River Basin. Hai River estuary area is the final access of industrial and domestic wastewater to the Bohai Gulf. Both the estuary and Bohai Gulf have been subjected to relatively high pollution risks from the pollutants discharged from Tianjin and other areas of the Basin. The water quality of the estuary is much lower than the Class IV of Marine Water Quality Standards (GB 3097-1997).

221. In terms of pollutants discharged from TBNA, the rapid economic development of TBNA brought more and more pollution pressure to the estuary that was already heavily polluted. In 2009, the GDP in TBNA is CNY 376 billion, or an increase of 23.5% over that of 2008. The GDP growth target in 2010 is 24.5% to approximately CNY 468 billion. In 2008, SO2 discharge per unit GDP is 3.78 kg per CNY 10,000 in Tianjin. In 2008, the COD discharge per unit GDP is 2.1 kg per CNY 10,000. By using the pollutant discharge ratio per unit GDP for estimation, SO2 and COD discharge in TBNA in 2010

59 will be approximately 173,160 tons and 98,280 tons respectively, or 1.63 times and 3.8 times as those in 200819.

222. By far, five WWTPs have been put into operation in TBNA, with a total capacity of 253,000 m3/d. Recently, SembCorp WWTP is situated in HIP, with the capacity of 10,000 m3/d. Veolia WWTP, located in Tianjin Soda Plant, is in trial operation. The capacity of Veolia WWTP is 23,000 m3/d. The effluents of the two WWTPs comply with the national Class 1B standard. However, it is estimated that by the end of “Eleventh Five-Year Plan”, the total discharge volume of the urban wastewater in TBNA will be 1.4 million m3/d. Ten more WWTPs are expected to be built and put into use. After the completion of these WWTPs, the daily wastewater treatment capacity in TBNA will be 790,000 m3. As the existing WWTPs are no longer able to meet the treatment demand, there is an urgent need to expand the sewer network and wastewater treatment capacity in the TBNA and HIP to control the total mass loading of pollutant discharge.

b. Serious Degradation of Bohai Gulf and Hai River Estuary Ecosystems

223. The ecosystems of the Hai River estuary area and Bohai Sea have degraded, as the pollution of Bohai offshore area has become increasingly serious over the last decade and the biological diversity has been reduced: (i) discharge of terrigenous organics and inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus has resulted in the inorganic nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus in the offshore area exceeding the standards, which has led to the eutrophication in the coastal waters. Over the past 10 years, the red tide has frequently occurred in the Bohai Gulf, causing serious economic losses, (ii) Abuse of land has led to soil erosion and heavy siltation of river and wetland. It will weaken the ecological functions of the wetland, (iii) reclamation of the wetland has reduced the wetland area and fishing spawning area, leading to the structure change of floristic composition of communities and the reduction of biomass, (iv) fish species with the economic value was basically extinct in the estuary region. The well-known large yellow croaker and other species in Bohai Gulf have disappeared. The biodiversity index of Bohai Gulf fish has descended from 3.61 (85 kinds) to 2.52 (74 kinds) in the period of 10 years (1983-1993). According to Marine Environmental Quality Report (2009)20, the biodiversity index of Bohai Gulf benthos from 2004 to 2009 are listed in Table 35.

Table 35: Biodiversity Index of Bohai Gulf Benthos from 2004 to 2009 Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Index Below Average Below Average Average Below average average average Note: The tiers of Shannon-Weiner index are respectively good, above average, average, below average.

c. Accumulation of Contaminated Sediments in the Estuary

224. The Dagu Canal was constructed for and has been used for the wastewater discharges from the southern Tianjin for the past 40 years. The construction of the river gates at the upstream of Hai River estuary area and the narrow shape of the estuary have led to the poor exchange between the fresh and sea water, and resulted in large quantities of contaminated particles settling down at the Hai River estuary area, which formed thick contaminated sediments in the estuary area and brought environmental

19 In 2008, GDP of Tianjin was CNY 635.44 billion. The discharge amount of COD and SO2 in Tianjin were respectively 133,100 tons and 240,100 tons. The discharge amount of COD and SO2 in TBNA were respectively 25,755 tons and 105,824 tons. 20 Source:http://www.soa.gov.cn/hyjww/ml/news/jiu/webinfo/2010/06/1275549798361153.htm.

60 and human health risks to the estuary area. According to the monitoring results during recent years, the concentrations of heavy metals in Hai River, Dagu Canal and offshore area are listed in Table 36. For the samples taken in surface of sediments in Hai River, Dagu Canal and Bohai Gulf, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr, Mn were analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of Cu, Cr, Zn, Cd and Pb exceeded the standard in Marine Sediment Quality Standard (GB18668-2002); the concentration of Ni was higher than the corresponding value in Soil Environmental Quality Standard (GB15618-1995).

Table 36: Concentrations of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of Hai River, Dagu Canal and Offshore Area Offshore area of Tianjin Dagu Canal Heavy metals (mg/kg) Hai River (mg/kg) (mg/kg) Mn Average 576.2 670.3 758 Range 316.4-728.9 606.86-737.50 701.25-772.34 Cu Average 38.39 139.17 159.43 Range 35.47-41.70 30.95-225.30 42.07-283.64 Ni Average 42.53 46.33 91.38 Range 39.83-45.91 40.34-56.06 68.20-123.00 Cr Average 39.00 57.31 248.40 Range 17.84-49.13 38.96-86.69 116.00-472.00 Zn Average 117.01 381.86 818.20 Range 51.94-244.89 118.22-935.98 338.00-1420.0 Cd Average 0.69 2.64 2.96 Range 0.02-2.53 0.01-8.85 1.60-4.55 Pb Average 8.52 65.96 125.62 Range 3.68-13.21 30.72-160.29 61.30-356.00 Source: Wu G H, Su R X, Li W Q, et al. Pollution characteristics of heavy metals in surface sediments in Tianjin [J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2008, 37(2): 259-264.

d. Increased Incidences of Storm Surge Disaster

225. Storm surge disaster is one of the major threats to the dock safety in Bohai Gulf. For example, the inundated area of 1 September 1992 storm surge is 27.6 km2 in Tanggu district, and 35.2 km2 in Dagang district. The direct economical loss was CNY 399 million. In a recent disaster on 11 October 2003, a storm tide caused back silting of about 4 million m3 in Tianjin Harbor, and about 10 million m3 in Huanghua Harbor which is located at about 80 km south of HIP. The sediments increased 3 m over the sea bed, and the shipping operation had been interrupted for a month in Huanghua Harbor. The numbers of extreme disasters such as storm surges, extreme waves, and sea ice are on the rise. Research conducted by the Tianjin-based National Marine Data and Information Service (NMDIS) reveals that by 2050, the sea level at the Bohai Gulf region, where Tianjin is situated, will have risen 30 to 60 cm.

2. Environmental Considerations

226. During the Project development, various alternatives have been proposed, screened against technical, economic, social, energy efficiency and environmental criteria. In terms of the environmental consideration for the alternatives, the primary objective was to identify and recommend options with the least adverse environmental impacts and maximum environmental benefits.

227. Key environmental factors used in comparing the alternatives are listed as follows:

(i) Be in accordance with the policies set up by the state and local

government; (ii) Avoid environmental sensitively sites where possible; (iii) Improve the sustainable and environmental friendly development of HIP, TBNA and Tianjin; (iv) Avoid traffic congestion and inconvenience that would affect residents nearby, minimize community disturbance; (v) Be beneficial to the formation of proper urban ecological system in HIP; (vi) Be beneficial to the sediments reuse and disposal in a way that is environmental friendly, economical reasonable and safe; (vii) Make use of the international and national best practices; (viii) Reduce the pollutant discharge and carbon emission.

228. It is also very important to consider the local government master plan and action plans. The alternatives will not only establish the international project profile, but also will promote the implementation of local environmental protection plans. During these years, the Tianjin Municipality launched a series of eco-environmental programs, including the Water Pollution Plan, Blue Sea Action Plan and Tianjin Urban Development Master Plan. The State Council and TMG have also issued several pollution prevention and control plans for Hai River.

229. Water Pollution Prevention Plan for Hai River Basin (2006-2010) proposes that by 2010, the water quality of all tributaries of Hai River that flow to the sea should meet Class V, Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB3838-2002); the water quality of trans-provincial border sections should be remarkably improved; the discharge of COD in Tianjin should be controlled within 132,000 tons, reduce 9.6% less than that of 2005. The ration of wastewater treatment along the Hai River should be promoted. In this plan, there are totally 39 projects in Tianjin that will be carried out to cut down the discharge amount of COD. CNY 4.96 billion will be invested in Tianjin to control the water quality. There will be 234 projects on the urban wastewater treatment construction. The investment will be CNY 21.35 billion.

230. The Outline of Tianjin Eco-city Construction Plan approved by TMG in 2007 targeted on the construction of a human and nature environment co-inhabitancy city. The border area of the land and the sea, integrated saltpan, shallow offshore waters, beaches, lake, and estuary are all the focused wetlands to be improved in environmental protection. The estuary ecosystem rehabilitation is also proposed to protect the nature resources of Bohai Gulf.

231. Tianjin Eco-city Construction Action Plan (2008-2010) stipulates that the number of WWTPs (newly built or expanded) will reach 16 by 2010. The daily wastewater treatment capacity will reach 268,500 tons. In this plan, ten (10) eco-rehabilitation and green projects are proposed, with the total investment CNY 1,167.24 million. There are two environmental monitoring capability building projects with the total investment of CNY 312.95 million, in which the TBNA environmental monitoring and pre-warning system will cost CNY 301.54 million.

232. The Bohai Hai Blue Sea Action Plan (2011-2015) is a comprehensive environmental and ecological restoration action plan participated by Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, and Liaoning Provinces. The sediments dredging by using domestic and international best practice for references was proposed to rehabilitate the marine ecological functions gradually.

233. Tianjin Urban Development Master Plan (2005-2020) requested that in the places such as salt pan, shrimp ponds and villages, storm surge disaster wall (breakwater) should be built at the design standard of one in 50-100 years; in the

62 important district such as TBNA including Tanggu and Hangu, the storm surge disaster wall (breakwater) should be built at the design standard of one in 200 years. According to the master plan, the existing sea wall should also be reinforced.

234. Master Plan of Environmental Protection of the Bohai Gulf (2008-2020) covered a broad areas of marine pollution prevention and pollution control, ecological rehabilitation, comprehensive treatment and control of land-based pollution sources, integrated management and treatment of water resources and aquatic environment of surface water as well as monitoring system of the Bohai Gulf. The total budget of the Plan is CNY 126.67 billion for the pollution control, pollution prevention and building 99 new WWTPs with a total capacity of 4.50 million tons of wastewater per day; the budget for the construction of monitoring, early-warning and emergency response systems is CNY 5.64 billion.

235. Strategic Environment Impact Assessment (SEIA) for TBNA Urban Master Plan (2005-2020). The master plan proposed that TBNA will be built as the base of the high-level modern manufacturing, the base of research & development transformation, the northern international shipping and logistics center, and the livable eco-city with prosperous economy, harmonious society and beautiful environment. The environmental policies and criterion established in the SEIA to build a livable eco-city mentioned in the plan are (i) development by integrated industry function zones, (ii) promoting circle economy and clean production in these function zones, (iii) saving the limited land, energy, and water resources, (iv) incorporating eco-city concept into the urban planning, and (v) promoting the implementation of ecological environment protection and sustainable development. For the environmental pollution control, the following mitigation measures were formulated: (i) carry out clean production process, control the air emissions, (ii) utilize water resources rationally, optimize water resource allocation, (iii) optimize the planning of WWTPs and promote the development of water reuse industry, and (iv) build ecological corridors, conserve the natural wetlands and rehabilitate their ecosystem function.

236. The Project is in line and contributes to the environmental policies and mitigation measures established in the SEIA. The water collection and treatment subcomponent will reduce the pollutants discharged into the Hai River and save the water resource by reusing the treated water in the nearby power plant. This is consistent with the mitigation measures on “optimize the planning of WWTPs and promote the development of reused water industry” in the SEIA .The effluent reuse subcomponent and sediment dredging, disposal and bank reconstruction subcomponent will further improve the water quality, rehabilitate the eco-diversity of the wetland and Hai River ecosystem, and provide healthy and safety conditions to the residents in Hai River estuarine area. It is consistent with the mitigation measures on “building ecological corridors and creating an eco-city” in the SEIA. The environmental monitoring and emergency response center subcomponent and storm surge disaster reduction subcomponent will enhance the response capacity of HIP to environmental pollution emergencies and mitigate the impact of the storm and corresponding flood disaster, provide safer working environment for the HIP workers. This is actually one of the mitigation measures to “creating an eco-livable city”. Overall, the five subcomponents of the Project are consistent with the policies and the mitigation measures in SEIA.

237. As mentioned above, these plans aforementioned focus on the wastewater treatment, the eco-rehabilitation, storm surge disaster prevention, river clean-up, and capacity building of environmental monitoring. These plans had been fully considered during the design of the Project, therefore the Project is fully in line with the interests of these plans. The five components are not only the components of the Project, also the components of these plans.

B. With-Project and Without-Project Scenarios

1. Water Collection and Treatment Subcomponent

238. Large volumes of untreated wastewater would be continuously discharged into the Hai River estuary area under the without-Project scenario, resulting directly or indirectly in continued severe pollution. The environmental quality of the ecosystem may continue to deteriorate. The situation will gradually become worsened along with the pressure ascribed by growing population and urbanization, economic development, weakened competitiveness of the city and its attractions for outside investment, and the further improvement of the standard of living for its citizens.

239. The Project coupled with the establishment of sewerage networks and wastewater treatment facilities will treat all of the wastewater and the effluent will be reused by industry. As a result, the amount of pollutants entering the Hai River estuary area will be reduced; water resource and wastewater management in the HIP will be improved; and the people living in the Hai River estuary area will benefit from the reduction of pollution. Although the with-Project scenario has certain adverse impact during construction and operation, the impact will be temporary and localized and can be minimized through proper implementation of the mitigation measures.

2. Effluent Reuse Subcomponent

240. At present, the Hai River estuary area is actually a large industrial harbor and this harbor is being developed. The original nature ecosystem including the wetland in the estuarine area has been changed to a totally different artificial one. In the without-Project scenario the ecosystem of the Hai River estuary area would continuously deteriorate because the pollutants from wastewater and polluted runoff discharge to the estuarine area.

241. In the with-Project scenario, around 15,000 m3/d effluent from WWTP will be further treated and the runoff in the watershed of the wetland will also be treated. The high quality effluent that meets the Class 1A standard from the wetland will contribute the aquatic environment improvement of the estuary. The biodiversity of the estuarine area will be improved as the establishment of the flora and fauna in the wetland. The wetland will also be an aesthetics and aquatic landscape of HIP, providing the opportunity for public recreation and learning knowledge about the construction wetland. The more important is that the Project will demonstrate the establishment and operation of the constructed wetland in the greenbelt of urban area. Thus gradually the rehabilitation of the estuary ecosystem would be possible and the residents’ living standard would be improved.

3. Sediment Dredging, Disposal and Bank Reconstruction Subcomponent

242. The sediments in the estuary of Dagu Canal and Hai River are contaminated with metals, PAHs and VOCs that can be accumulate in sediments, where they can persist for many years. Under the without-Project scenario, the contaminated sediments would continuously release pollutants, pollute the surface water and cause degradation of the ecosystem in the estuary. The contaminated sediment would also threaten the public health through the polluted water and food chain. Besides, the thick contaminated sediments would block the navigation of the harbor.

243. In the with-Project scenario, sediment dredging will remove one of the pollution sources to water, flora and fauna in the aquatic environment; and will improve the environmental quality and contribute to the rehabilitation of the offshore ecosystem. The proper treatment, disposal and reuse of the removed sediments for land reclamation in HIP will both improve the estuary environmental quality and optimize land reclamation while reducing the pollution exposure of the public. Furthermore, the dredging will upgrade the level of the harbor and improve the conditions of navigation in the estuarine waterway.

4. Environmental Monitoring and Emergency Response Center Subcomponent

244. Nowadays in Tianjin Municipality, there are two levels of environmental monitoring center, the Tianjin Environmental Monitoring Station (TEMS), and the Monitor and Early Warning Center of TBNA in each administrative district. Along with the increasing of enterprises in the HIP, the Monitoring and Early Warning Center of TBNA which has been serving the HIP is under a heavy burden to meet the increasingly needs for environmental monitoring, accident early-warning and environmental monitoring supervision in HIP.

245. The Environmental Monitoring and Emergency Response Center (ERC) will meet the requirements prescribed in the National Environmental Emergency Response Plan (2006) and will focus on the monitoring, early-warning and promptly emergency response to the natural disaster, industrial accidents, public health incidents, and social security incidents happened in HIP. The ERC will be equipped with relevant sophisticated monitoring equipment; train the related personnel with the specialized knowledge in monitoring, analysis, and emergency response according to the characteristic of industrial enterprises in HIP. In the with-Project scenario the ERC can be a supplement of TEMS and Monitoring and Early Warning Center of TBNA to build a better environmental monitoring and emergency response system for HIP and will strengthen the environmental management capacity of local government.

5. Storm Surge Disaster Reduction Subcomponent

246. Storm surge disasters are one of the major threats to dock safety in Bohai Gulf. For the HIP, breakwater system was designed for reducing damages of storm surge. The system includes north breakwater and east breakwater as indicated in Figure 2. At present, the east breakwater at the east of HIP with the length of 6,513 m is under construction and will be completed by 2011. The north breakwater is planned to be constructed under this Project. Without the north breakwater, the Tanggu District and HIP would still face with the risk of storm surge and result in the loss of life and properties as the north breakwater is one part of the whole breakwater system for HIP.

247. With the breakwater, the flood prevention level will be raised from non-existence to once in 50 years. Furthermore, the breakwater will be able to minimize maintenance dredging at the HIP docks, to provide safe working conditions for shipping and dock loading, and to dissipate storm tide waves so as to provide safer environment for HIP. Although the effect of the breakwater built in once in 50 years standard seems relatively low comparing with the breakwater built in once in 200 years standard, In reducing severe damages caused by significant storm surge, it seems the back silting can be reduced.

C. Alternative Designs

1. Water Collection and Treatment Subcomponent

248. The site of WWTP was selected based on the topography, geography and the location of WWTP served area; was based on the distance from the WWTP to the river, the reuse of the effluent, and the quality standards of the receiving water body. The following considerations were discussed in the alternative design of the WWTP: (i) to minimize the civil works and avoid fields with unfavorable geological conditions or difficult engineering works, (ii) to incorporate the views of the people who are concerning the WWTP in selecting the location of the proposed site, (iii) to benefit the operation of the whole WWTP system in HIP, and (iv) to minimize the construction costs.

249. The layout design of the wastewater collection pipe network also took into the consideration of the topography and geography of its service area, the rational connection to the WWTP, the material type and the operation of the pipe system. As the underground water in HIP is around one meter, if conventional concrete pipes are employed, it is likely to result in high construction costs, high infiltration ratio of groundwater to sewers and intrusion of saline water to sewers which would eventually lead a high water volume and salty load to the WWTP. Therefore various measures have been taken in the design to reduce the buried depth of pipe line and to prevent the infiltration of groundwater.

250. The wastewater transfer pump station will used to reduce the buried depth of pipe line. The site selection of the transferring pump will integrate many factors including convenience for the sewage collection, lower lifting height to reduce the pump energy consumption, and a buffer distance to residential area to avoid the impact of odors and noises from the pump station.

251. As an alternative to gravity sewer system, the Low Pressure Sewer System (LPSS) has been considered for the subcomponent. The LPSS is a low-head pressure wastewater collection and treatment system. The advantages of the LPSS include the following: (i) No "central pump stations" will be required. The system can be economically installed at any site, regardless of the terrain, widely used in many countries. Material and trenching costs are also significantly lower because pipe size and depth requirements are reduced; (ii) The LPSS is environmentally friendlier as they have lower potential for Inflow and Infiltration. Their watertight design and the absence of manholes eliminate extraneous flows into the system; (iii) The pump of the LPSS is a high-quality submersible pump. Experience has shown that the noise and odor levels associated with the unit are negligible. The ground surrounding the buried unit absorbs the majority of noise levels; and (iv) Water unit control pane is visible to the operators. It is convenient for the operator to know the flow volume of the wastewater.

252. The disadvantages of alternative sewage systems include (i) increased energy demands, (ii) higher maintenance requirements, and the largest disadvantage, (iii) If the power is off, the pump will not operate. There will be overflows if standby generators are not available. It is a high risk performance and very dangerous to the environment.

253. Alternative treatment processes have been assessed to meet the national Class 1A discharge limits. The enhanced anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A2/O) wastewater treatment process plus enhanced coagulative precipitation and filtration process has been recommended. This recommended process (See Figure 11) is relatively reliable and is effective in removing COD, nitrogen and phosphorus. The Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) process and Oxidation ditch were also evaluated in the design. The effluent quality of the MBR process can meet Class 1A discharge limit, the oxidation ditch has proved to be efficient to remove nitrogen and phosphorus. However the construction, operation and maintenance of the two processes are too high for this Project. Several

WWTP odor control techniques are also screened and compared. Bio-filter was selected because it is easy to operate, have lower costs and good odor removal effects.

Mixed Liquid

Waste Sedimentation Effluent Anoxic Anaerobic Anoxic Oxic Water tank

Sludge

Figure 11:A2O Process

2. Effluent Reuse Subcomponent

254. The constructed wetland is part of the green belt of the HIP (See Figure 13) and is designed in accordance with the master plan of HIP (See Figure 3). The planned Greenbelt is 631.5 ha with a width around 1 km. The green belt will be an important part of the urban ecosystem. The main functions of greenbelt are to optimize urban landscape, and improve ecological environment (such as improving atmospheric environment and micro-climate, protecting water resource and estuarine ecosystem, and increasing urban biodiversity).

255. The position of the wetland was originally the foreshore area before the land reclamation of HIP. This position is suitable for utilization and treatment of the WWTP effluent, will benefit the landscape, is good for people visit and is good for demonstrating function. It is considered that the wetland will bring a supplemental benefit to the estuary eco-system rehabilitation.

256. Several types of constructed wetlands including surface flow wetlands, subsurface flow wetlands, and hybrid systems that incorporate surface and subsurface flow wetlands were assessed during the design. All of the factors including the footprint area of the wetland, the economical construction, operation and maintenance costs, the performance of its wastewater purification, the cold tolerance, the pest minimization, the odor, the vegetation and the public accessibility were deliberated during the design and the subsurface wetland(SSW) is recommended for the Project. The shape and landform of the wetland were also considered to minimize the negative environmental impact during the construction and operation periods.

257. Three options are available for the subcomponent to manage groundwater. The first option was selected for the wetland subcomponent:

(i) Install a sub-drain system below the pond to lower and maintain the level of the shallow groundwater; the system would include a series of shallow channels (400 mm x 400 mm) filled with porous media and a 75 mm perforated pipe. The sub-drain system will be installed at a sufficient depth below the ponds bottoms and drain via gravity to discharge point. (ii) Raise the elevation of the pond bottom above the highest anticipated groundwater level. This option would require the importation of a lot of fill material that would be cost prohibitive. Assuming that groundwater levels are less than 1 m below current ground levels, which is approximately 4 to 5 m above the sea level, this option would require the placement and

consolidation of approximately 1.5 to 2 m of additional fill to provide adequate separation to groundwater. Given the size of the park area (63 ha), the volume and cost for the placement of fill would very high, respectively. (iii) Install a low permeable liner with hydrostatic pressure relief tubes or valves to alleviate groundwater pressure conditions on the liner. Clay or synthetic liner system could be installed with hydrostatic relief tubes and valves to equalize the hydrostatic pressure between the groundwater and the pond water and to protect a liner. Depending on how this system was designed it may allow for some seepage of groundwater into the pond during periods of high groundwater conditions unless the tubes and/or valves were isolated from the pond.

3. Sediment Dredging, Disposal and Bank Reconstruction

258. There are two options for the overall design of this subcomponent, i.e. the environmental dredging and navigation/flood control dredging plus intensive environmental consideration. According to the development plan of the HIP, the navigation condition will be improved in the canal estuary. It is difficult and not practicable or not cost-effective effective to implement two separate projects: to dredge the contaminated sediments and rehabilitate the ecosystem, afterwards then to further dredge, reconstruct the banks to meet the navigation and flood control requirement. Therefore the overall design of this subcomponent is to dredge not only to meet the navigation/flood control requirements but also to meet the comprehensive environmental requirement including the cleanup of the contaminated sediment, renovation of the banks, disposal and reuse of the contaminated sediment.

259. Three options for the sediments disposal and reuse are considered: i) used for canal bank reconstruction; ii) used for land reclamation as surface soil; iii) used for land reclamation as subsurface layer of soil. As the contaminated sediments may have human health risk when to use the sediment as surface layer of soil according to a risk assessment, the third option was selected for the sediments disposal and reuse.

4. Environmental Monitoring and Emergency Response Center Subcomponent

260. The role and function of the ERC were deliberated during the design of the Project. It is not necessary for the ERC to replace the function of TEMS or Monitoring and Early Warning Center of TBNA. The ERC could be a contracted agency of Monitoring and Early Warning Center of TBNA or HIP in dealing with the monitoring, early-warning, and supervision tasks in HIP, its functions can be incorporated into the network of Monitor and Early Warning Center of TBNA, TEMS and even the National Environmental Monitoring Center to facilitate the operation of the overall environmental monitoring network.

261. The specific design of the ERC will be in compliance with the Design Codes for Environmental Protection Monitoring Station of Chemical Industrial Enterprises (HG 20501-1992). The site location of the ERC was also evaluated to facilitate its functions.

5. Storm Surge Disaster Reduction Subcomponent

262. A physical hydraulic analogy model was built to simulate the effectives and silt impact of the different types of breakwater and the storm surges. The design of the breakwater is based on the testing results of the models to protect the HIP from storm surge and minimize potential environmental impact. The east and the north storm surge

68 breakwater together form a breakwater system of HIP. It was considered that the breakwater should effectively sustain the shock of the great waves to the waterway in HIP and prevent the submarine silt from flowing into the port of HIP. The wave erosion to the structures of the breakwater was also considered in the design. However it is recommended that the climate change impacts should be taken into consideration in the breakwater design.

VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

A. Information Disclosure and Public Consultations to Date

263. Several rounds of public consultations with various groups of stakeholders were conducted during the course of EIA preparation. The consultations included: (i) public opinion survey, (ii) expert panel review, (iii) questionnaire surveys, (iv) visits to communities and households in the Project areas, and (v) a wider stakeholder meeting attended by representatives of the affected public and other concerned stakeholders. A variety of public consultation techniques including questionnaire surveys, community meetings, focus group discussions, key informant interviews were carried out by local EIA institutes, the PPTA consultants, and ADB missions.

264. The first round of public consultations was implemented by the EIA institute via two forms of public disclosures. The EIA institutes conducted interviews with nearby local residents and workers from the HIP enterprises, and conducted public disclosure to post the Project information on the website (http://www.taes.org/) carried out on 2 January 2009 to gather information on public concerns about the Project. During the preparation of domestic EIA reports, 60 questionnaires were distributed to the affected persons (APs) and beneficiaries (nearby local residents and workers from the HIP enterprises), covering different age groups, genders, educational backgrounds, and occupations.

265. The second round of public consultations was wider stakeholder meeting held on 15th,January,2009 in the meeting room of TAES, drawing over 30 participants from relevant key municipal government agencies (TDRC, TEPD), district government agencies (Tanggu EPB, Tanggu Planning Bureau, Tanggu Oceanic Bureau, Tanggu Land Resource Management Bureau), HIP enterprises, and local communities. The meeting was strictly followed the MEP ‘s Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidelines (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93) and ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009).The purpose of the wider stakeholder consultations was to present the preliminary findings of the environmental impact assessment process to the general public, to ensure that public concerns are understood and are dealt with in a timely manner, and solicit their comments and suggestions for reviewing the potential impacts and mitigation measures, and modifying the EMP, EIA and Project design.

266. The third round of the public consultations was a meeting held on 21 April 2010 in the HIP meeting room, 25 questionnaires were distributed to the HIP enterprises and residents in Tanggu District, covering different age groups, genders, educational backgrounds, and occupations. The PPTA consultants conducted environmental and social impact investigation and consultations with the government, the representative of TAES, HIP officers and workers, residents in Tanggu District at this meeting. Questionnaires were distributed to each person. The anticipated environmental and social impacts, proposed mitigation measures, and the benefit that public could gain from the Project were disseminated through a variety of formats, including presentations,

69 prefaces in the questionnaires. The results of the social public consultation of the Project can be found in Social Impact Assessment Report.21

B. Consultation Results

267. For the survey carried out on 2 January 2009, 100% of the questionnaires were completed and returned. The ages of respondents ranged widely from 22 to 65 years. The respondents are workers, office workers, self-employed labors, and public servants. The survey elicited attitudes toward the proposed subcomponents and their impact on the air, water, acoustic environment, ecology environment, public health, and economic development. From the results of the public consultation, the major opinions and concerns on the Project can be summarized in Table 37.

Table 37: Analysis of Questionnaire Survey (January 2009) Result Rate Questionnaires distributed (copies) 60

Questionnaires received (copies) 60

Ratio of male–female 2.125

People satisfied with the current environmental 18 conditions (%).

People feel they heard of or understood the Project 77 (%).

People consider the Project important and support 85 (15% people said it doesn’t matter to the Project (%). them. No one opposes the Project)

People consider the Project to be necessary (%). 77

People consider the Project would affect their 23 (3% people considered the Project quality of life and work (%). might bring adverse impacts to them)

People believe the Project would improve the 57 environment and living conditions (%).

People believe the Project would provide 95 (5% person said they don’t know) significant economic benefits (%).

People report that the Project would positively 57 affect environmental quality in Tianjin (%).

People report significant positive ecological 13 impacts associated with the Project (%).

People consider the negative environmental 58 impacts of the Project will be short-term (%).

Source: Domestic EIA.

268. The survey results also indicated that regarding environmental impact, about 88% of the concerns are mostly related to air pollution, 4% to water pollution, 13% to ecological environment. These respondents would be particularly directly affected by the Project construction activities. Sound environmental management will be required

21 Refer to the Social Impact Assessment Report, prepared by the PPTA Consultants.

70 during construction to minimize impacts to the surrounding communities. Some of the participants considered that inconvenience during construction could be a big problem. Comments and responses from the public have been adopted in finalizing EIA reports.

269. For the survey carried out on 21 April 2010, 100% of the questionnaires were completed and returned. The ages of respondents ranged widely from 23 to 58 years. The respondents are workers from the sensitive area of the Project, office workers, technical workers, and financial personnel. From the results of the public consultation, the major opinions and concerns on the Project can be summarized in Table 38.

Table 38: Analysis of Questionnaire Survey (April 2010) Result Rate Questionnaires distributed (copies) 25

Questionnaires received (copies) 25

Ratio of male–female 7.3

People satisfied with the current environmental 24 conditions (%)

People feel they heard of or understood the Project 88 (%)

People consider the Project important and support 100 the Project (%)

People consider the Project to be necessary (%) 72

People consider the Project would improve their 68 (20% people thought the Project will quality of life and work (%) have no relation with their quality of life.18% said they have no idea.)

People believe the Project would improve the 96 (4%said they don’t know) eco-environment and living conditions (%)

People believe the Project would provide 20 economic benefits to their incomes (%)

People consider the negative environmental 44 impacts of the Project will be short-term (%)

Source: Domestic EIA.

270. The survey results also indicated that regarding environmental impact, about 24% of the concerns are mostly related to air pollution, 36% to water pollution, 28% to ecological environment, 8% to the acrostic environment, 1% to other issues. The majority of APs conveyed a positive attitude toward the Project after the presentation and introduction of the Project. These respondents concern about the direct impacts particularly from the Project construction activities. Sound environmental management will be required during construction to minimize impacts to the surrounding communities. Meanwhile, the government should increase investment and carry out strict Project plans to avoid the contamination to the environment. Comments and responses from the public have been adopted in finalizing EIA reports.

271. The majority of APs conveyed a positive attitude toward the Project and believed it will benefit the local economy, the quality of life and environment, and especially the

71 ecosystem of the Hai River estuary area. The main environmental concerns raised at the consultation meetings were: (i) the location and design of each subcomponent, (ii) noise generated during construction and operation, (iii) dusts and foul odors, (iv) soil erosion associated with the construction and operation of the Project, (v) traffic impact, and (vi) health and safety issues during construction. The consulted public made several suggestions for mitigating the potential adverse environmental and social impacts: (i) construction activities close to residential areas should stop between 10:00 pm and 7:00 am, (ii) low-noise, low-air-emission construction machinery be used. Heavy construction equipments located in close proximity to residential areas should be fitted with noise suppression apparatus, (iii) dust-generating construction vehicles should be covered and dusty construction areas should be sprayed with water, (iv) Construction activities be avoided during heavy wind days, (v) concrete road surface be replaced with asphalt or stones, (vi) The traffic should be kept smoothly during construction to not affect normal transportation of the local residents, (vii)land occupation be minimized, and(viii)Warning signs be erected around the construction sites and banning of horn blowing and garbage throwing, (ix)Awareness building and training of contractors and construction workers on nature conservation and the importance of protecting the environment be undertaken, and (v) Supervision of construction activities and monitoring of construction should be undertaken. Most of these suggestions have been incorporated in the EIA reports and EMP (See Table 39). The opinions expressed during the interviews were that the Project should be constructed under the requirement of EIA. The environmental management plans and the mitigation measures are supported and should be strictly complied with.

Table 39: Major Public Comments and Suggestions on the Project and Feedback Comment / Suggestion Feedback Dust-generating construction vehicles should be covered Adopted and dusty construction areas should be sprayed with water Construction activities be avoided during heavy wind days Adopted Low-noise, low-air-emission construction machinery be Adopted used Construction at night be avoided Adopted The traffic should be kept smoothly during construction to Adopted not affect normal transportation of the local residents Concrete road surface be replaced with asphalt or stones Adopted Land occupation be minimized Adopted Warning signs be erected around the construction sites and Adopted banning of horn blowing and garbage throwing Awareness building and training of contractors and Adopted construction workers on nature conservation and the importance of protecting the environment be undertaken Supervision of construction activities and monitoring of Adopted construction should be undertaken

272. Environmental information of the Project will be disclosed as following:

(i) The EIA will be available for review at www.adb.org 120 days before the Project is considered by the ADB Board. (ii) Copies of the EIA will be made available on request. (iii) All environmental monitoring reports will be available at www.adb.org.

C. Future Information Disclosure and Public Consultation Program

273. Information disclosure and public consultations to safeguard the environment and local communities from undue impacts will continue throughout construction and into the operation phase. It is very important to maintain a dialogue with stakeholders throughout the construction phase through continued public. During construction, the consultations will be undertaken regularly in the forms of formal questionnaire surveys and informal interviews by the on-site environmental engineers of the construction contractors.

VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

274. Public participation, consultation and information disclosure undertaken as part of the local EIA process, assessment and development of resettlement plans, and consultations undertaken by the project consultants have discussed and addressed major community concerns. Continued public participation and consultation has been emphasised as a key component of successful project implementation. As a result of this public participation and safeguard assessment during the initial stages of the project, major issues of grievance are not expected. However, unforeseen issues may occur. In order to settle such issues effectively, an effective and transparent channel for lodging complaints and grievances has been established, in parallel with the mechanism developed under the resettlement planning process (refer to subproject resettlement plans).

275. In the event of a grievance issue, the basic stages established for redress are:

(i) Stage 1: If a concern arises during construction, the affected person tries to resolve the issue of concern directly with the contractor and the project manager. If successful, no further follow-up is required.

(ii) Stage 2: If not successful, the affected person can submit an oral or written petition/complaint to the HIP. For an oral complaint, the HIP must make written records properly. The HIP will give a clear reply within 2 weeks. The independent environmental monitor will assist the HIP in replying to the affected person.

(iii) Stage 3: If the affected person is not satisfied with the reply in Stage 2, she/he can appeal to the TBNA after receiving the reply in Stage 1 and the TBNA will give a clear reply within 2 weeks. The independent environmental monitor will assist the TBNA in replying to the affected person.

(iv) Stage 4: If the affected person is still not satisfied with the reply of TBNA, she/he can appeal to the EA. The EA, through the TPMO, must report to the ADB project officer as soon as the complaint is recorded, by submitting relevant documents. The IA, through the Environmental Management Unit/Organization (EMU) established in the IA, must prepare a clear reply in consultation with the EPB, EMC, and IEM, and give it to the affected person within 30 days.

(v) Stage 5: If the affected person is still not satisfied with the reply of the IA, he/she can appeal to the TPMO after receiving the reply of Stage 4. The TPMO must report to ADB as soon as the complaint is recorded by submitting relevant documents, and prepare a clear reply in consultation

with ADB, TEPD, EMUs, EMC, and IEMs. The PMO must give the reply to the affected person within 30 days. ADB project team will assess the situation, contact the affected people and Government project counterparts and design and implement the course of actions. Stages (ii)-(v) will be further refined during the detailed design stage.

276. In addition to the established project specific channel above, ADB's overall accountability mechanism (2003) applies22. The mechanism provide opportunities for people adversely affected by ADB-financed projects to express their grievances; seek solutions; and report alleged violations of ADB’s operational policies and procedures, including safeguard policies. ADB’s accountability mechanism comprises two separate, but related, functions: (i) consultation, led by ADB’s special project facilitator, to assist people adversely affected by ADB-assisted projects in finding solutions to their problems; and (ii) providing a process through which those affected by projects can file requests for compliance review by ADB’s Compliance Review Panel.

IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Objectives

277. The objective of establishing an EMP is not only to propose appropriate mitigation measures, but also to recommend establishment of institutions or mechanisms to monitor and ensure compliance with environmental regulations and implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. Such institutions and mechanisms will seek to ensure continuously improving environmental protection activities during preconstruction, construction, and operation in order to prevent, reduce, or mitigate adverse impacts. The EMP draws on the individual EIA reports and on the PPTA discussions and agreements with the relevant government agencies.

278. The EMP for the Project is presented in Appendix 1. The EMP will be reviewed and updated at the end of the detailed design in order to be consistent with the final detailed design.

B. Mitigation Measures

279. The EMP contains measures to mitigate the potential environmental impacts. The responsibilities for implementing and supervising these measures are also assigned to different agencies. Details of the mitigation measures can be found in Appendix 1.

C. Organizational Structure for Environmental Management

280. The TPMO will be responsible for setting up the environmental management system, consisting of inspection, monitoring, reporting, and initiating corrective actions or measures. In the design stage, TPMO and PICs will pass the EMP to the DIs for incorporating mitigation measures into the detailed designs. The EMP will be updated at the end of the detail design, and finally be passed to the construction contractors. To ensure that contractors will comply with the EMP’s provisions, TPMO and PICs will prepare and provide the following specification clauses for incorporation into the bidding procedures: (i) a list of environmental management requirements to be budgeted by the bidders in their proposals, (ii) environmental clauses for contractual terms and conditions, and (iii) full EIAs for compliance. TPMO will each nominate dedicated, trained, and qualified environment specialists or establish environmental management

22 The accountability mechanism replaced ADB’s Inspection Function (1995).

74 units to undertake environmental management activities and ensure effective EMP implementation, and environmental management companies/consultant (EMCC) contracted by PICs will be responsible for inspection, monitoring, and evaluating implementation of mitigation measures.

281. Environmental training will be essential for PICs and contractors to implement the EMP. TPMO will be responsible for organizing training programs, which will cover: (i) environmental laws, regulation and policies, (ii) implementing mitigation measures, (iii) environmental technologies and procurement, (iv) operating and maintaining environmental facility, (v) environmental monitoring, supervision, and (vi) documentation and reporting.

D. Inspection, Monitoring, and Reporting

282. The TPMO will recruit one or more EMCCs for conducting internal environmental monitoring and inspections, for advising the PICs, and for supervising the contractors to ensure that environmental mitigation measures are properly implemented. Inspections will mainly cover construction activities, but these will also review the affected environment. The inspections activities will be conducted in general every week during construction period. Inspections activities and observations will be well-documented, and the contractors and the ADB will be informed of the outcomes.

283. Quarterly inspection and monitoring reports will be prepared by the EMCCs and submitted to TPMO and TEPD during construction. The results of these environmental inspection and monitoring activities will be used for assessing: (i) the extent and severity of the environmental impacts against the predicted impacts, (ii) performance or effectiveness of the environmental protection measures or compliance with pertinent rules and regulations, (iii) trends in impacts, (iv) overall effectiveness of the Project EMPs, and (v) the need for taking additional mitigation measures.

284. Compliance monitoring will be carried out by the environmental monitoring station (EMS). The EMS will conduct regular and random environmental monitoring activities before, during, and after construction, as well as in the event of emergencies. Figure 12 shows the institutional arrangement of the environmental monitoring.

285. To help the ADB to monitor the proper and timely implementation of the EMP and adherence to agreed environmental covenants, TPMO will submit to ADB semi-annual reports based on the monitoring and audits. Moreover, within three months after each subcomponent completion, or no later than 1 year with permission of the TEPD, environmental acceptance monitoring and audit reports of each subcomponent completion shall be: (i) prepared by a licensed environmental monitoring institute in accordance with the PRC Regulation on Project Completion Environmental Audit (MEP, 2001), (ii) reviewed for approval of the official commence of individual subcomponent operation by environmental authorities, and (iii) finally reported to ADB. The environmental acceptance reports of the subcomponent completions will indicate the timing, extent, effectiveness of completed mitigation and of maintenance, and the needs for additional mitigation measures and monitoring during operations.

Figure 12: Institutional arrangements for Environmental Monitoring

TMG ADB

TPMO TEPD

Consultants IA (EMCCs/EIA)

PIC/POC

EMC/EMS Contractors (During

Construction)

Internal Monitoring /Compliance Monitoring Reporting Supervision

Documentation of EMP Implementation and Performance/Information Flow

Action

ADB = Asian Development Bank, DI = design institute, EMCC = environmental management company/consultant, EMP = environmental management plan, IA=implementing agency, TEPD = Tianjin Environmental Protection Bureau, EMC = Environmental Monitoring Center at provincial level, TPMO = Tianjin Project Management Office, EMS=environmental monitoring station at district level, TMG=Tianjin Municipal Government, PIC = project implementing company, POC = project operating company.

E. Mechanism for Feedback and Adjustment

286. Based on the inspection and monitoring reports, environmental authorities will decide whether: (i) further mitigation measures are required as corrective action, or (ii) improvement is required to environmental management practices. If it is found during the monitoring and inspection exercise that there has been substantial deviation from the EMP or any changes made to any of the subcomponents, which may cause substantial adverse environmental impacts or an significant increase in the number of affected people, the TPMO should consult with the TEPD and ADB immediately and form an EIA team to conduct additional environmental assessment and, if necessary, further public consultation. The revised EIA reports should be submitted to environmental authorities for review and approval and to ADB.

X. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

A. Project Benefits

287. The Project is intended to improve the water quality of Hai River estuarine area and hence improve the urban environment and the quality of life. The Project will help to achieve ecosystem rehabilitation of the Hai River estuary area. With the enhanced ecosystem of Hai River estuarine area, the adverse impacts result from the economic development could be mitigated. The Project will also help to improve the implementation of government plans and policies. The Project will be a demonstration and promotion to the sustainable development of the economy and environment.

288. More specific, the direct benefits of each subcomponent will be:

(i) HIP Water Collection and Treatment subcomponent will reduce wastewater and pollutants discharged into the Hai River and decrease water consumption by reusing the treated water. It will contribute to the improvement of water resource and wastewater management in the HIP and will lead to a better, cleaner urban environment by reducing the exposure of the community to untreated wastewater. Besides, the wastewater and reuse water tariff will bring economic benefits for the HIP. (ii) Effluent reuse including Constructed Wetland subcomponent will improve the environmental quality and contribute to the rehabilitation of the offshore ecosystem. It will improve the living standard for local residents and help to create comfortable living and working environment to the HIP workers and residents. (iii) Sediment Dredging, Disposal and Bank Reconstruction subcomponent will reduce sediments pollution, improve the water quality of Dagu Canal, and provide healthy and safe conditions to workers and residents in Hai River estuarine area. The subcomponent will also improve navigation conditions in the port with adequate depth for safe and efficient vessel passage, hence improve the economic growth and industrial development. In the ecological view, the subcomponent will serve to provide conditions for rehabilitation of the aquaculture in Bohai Gulf to some extent. (iv) Environmental Monitoring and Emergency Response Center subcomponent will enhance HIP capacity on pollution monitoring and emergency response. The Project will reduce the loss caused by the environmental accidents and keep the HIP under a safer environment. (v) The Storm Surge Disaster Reduction subcomponent will improve the dock working efficiency and provide safe working environment for the HIP workers and the residents in Tanggu District. The Project will also help to reduce the loss caused by storm surge disaster in the future.

B. Environmental Safeguard Assurances

289. An EMP with a detailed environmental monitoring program and institutional strengthening and training program was developed as part of the EIA, on the basis of the domestic EIAs. The EMP proposes appropriate mitigation measures through the duration of the Project cycle; and establishes mechanisms to monitor and ensure compliance with environmental regulations and implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. It seeks to ensure continuously improving environmental protection activities. This mechanism is carefully designed to fit into the PRC’s existing management system for environmental management.

290. The main Project risk relates to the low institutional capacity of the PICs, including their lack of experience in working with international financing institutions, limited awareness of ADB requirements, and lack of environmental management staff. The following measures are proposed to mitigate these risks: (i) specific assurances from the TMG to implement the mitigation measures in the EMPs; (ii) capacity building for PICs, including staffing and training; (iii) appointment of Project implementation and monitoring consultants, including environmental management companies and independent environmental monitor; (iv) clear definition of roles and responsibilities for EMP implementation, performance monitoring, and mechanisms for feedback and adjustment; (v) role of local EPBs in environmental inspection and supervision; and (v) Project reviews and monitoring by ADB.

291. Assurances and covenants related to the environmental aspects of the Project are required as follows:

(i) The TMG will ensure the PIC and POC to build, operate, maintain, and monitor the Project facilities in strict conformity with: a) all applicable laws and regulations, including national and local regulations and standards for environmental protection, health, labor, and occupational safety; and b) ADB’s Environment Policy and ADB SPS, June 2009; and the environmental mitigation and monitoring measures detailed in the approved EIAs and EMPs. The TPMO will ensure that the capacity-building program described in the EMP will be provided to the PIC, and the contractors properly and on time. (ii) The TMG will ensure that the PIC will provide quarterly environmental monitoring reports to the TPMO, which will prepare and submit to ADB semi-annual environmental reports in a format acceptable to ADB until loan closure.

C. Overall Conclusion and Recommendations

292. The Project will generate great socioeconomic benefits by the improvement of the environment conditions around the Hai River estuary area to support the sustainable urban development. The overall findings of the domestic EIAs are that negative impacts on air, water, and acoustic environment are expected, especially during construction. However in general these impacts will be temporary and localized. The proposed measures will be implemented to mitigate the negative impacts. These measures will also be updated in the EMPs during the design stage and continuously refined during construction. The EMPs will be implemented by the PICs and contractors; monitored and supervised by professional environmental management agencies and TEMS; and regularly reported to the TPMO, TEPDs, and ADB.

293. Any adverse environmental impacts associated with the Project will be prevented, eliminated, or minimized to an acceptable level if the EMPs proposed under the EIAs are effectively implemented, particularly through the mechanism for the continuous refinement and effective implementation of the environmental mitigation measures.

78 Figure 1: Project Location and Location of HIP, Tanggu and TBNA in Tianjin Municipality

Figure 2: Functional Zones and Boundaries of Three Phases of HIP

Figure 3: Locations of Five Subcomponents

81 Figure 13: Master Development Plan of HIP and Constructed Wetland

Appendix 1 1

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Objectives

1. The objective of establishing an environmental management plan (EMP) is to propose appropriate mitigation measures, and recommend establishment of institutions or mechanisms to monitor and ensure compliance with environmental regulations and implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. Such institutions and mechanisms will seek to ensure continuously improving environmental protection activities during Project preparation, construction, and operation in order to prevent, reduce, or eliminate adverse impacts.

2. The EMP includes: (i) objectives, (ii) summary of impacts and mitigation measures, (iii) environmental monitoring and inspection, (iv) public consultations, (v) responsibilities and authorities for implementation, (vi) institutional strengthening and training, (vii) reporting and supervision, (viii) work plan, (ix) cost estimates, and (x) mechanism for feedback and adjustment. The EMP will be reviewed and updated at the end of the detailed design in order to be consistent with the final detailed design.

B. Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

3. Potential environmental issues and impacts during the pre-construction, construction and operation phases, as identified by the individual environmental impact assessments (EIAs), as well as corresponding mitigation measures designed to minimize the impacts are summarized in Table1.1. The mitigation measures will be incorporated into the tendering documents (where appropriate), construction contracts and operational management plans, and will be undertaken by contractors, the project implementing company (PICs) under the supervision of the Tianjin Project Management Office (TPMO) and Tianjin Environmental Protection Department (TEPD) when necessary. The effectiveness of these measures will be evaluated based on the results of the environmental monitoring to determine whether they should be continued or improvements should be made. Improvements need to be confirmed through stipulated environmental management procedures. According to the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) Policy (June, 2009), the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the Project should be calculated based on the estimation methodologies provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The threshold to be considered for the continuously monitoring at year base is total GHG emission is above 100,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year for the aggregate emissions of direct sources and indirect sources of the Project. Mitigation measures for energy conservation and emission reduction is also listed in the Table 1.1.

2 Appendix 1

Table 1.1: Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company A. Pre-Construction 1. EIA and Site selections • Various alternatives were screened according DIs , EIA TPMO, Included in the Feasibility Study to the criteria that minimize adverse impacts on institutes, PIC TEPD, IA detailed design Stage the environment. The recommended sites for contract each subcomponent were selected.

Engineering and • Engineering and technological alternatives DI, EIA TPMO, Included in the technological were evaluated based on pre-defined institutes, PIC TEPD, IA detailed design alternatives environmental and economic criteria. contract

Sector Strategy • The Project designed and suggested new DI, EIA TPMO, Included in the urban development strategy that feed into the institutes, PIC TEPD, IA detailed design update of urban master plans with the goal of contract safe and sustainable urban development, with full access to environmental amenities.

Public consultations • Several rounds of wide public consultations EIA institutes, TPMO, Included in the have been conducted on environmental and PPTA TEPD, IA detailed design social issues during feasibility studies, and EIA consultants, PIC contract and EIA preparations.

2. Design Stage Updating EMP • Mitigation measures defined in EMP will be DIs, EIA TPMO, Included in the reviewed, updated and incorporated into the institute, PIC TEPD,IA detailed design detailed design to minimize adverse contract

Appendix 1 3

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company environmental impacts.

3. Biding and Bidding documents • Environmental provisions will be included in the PIC, EMCCs TPMO, Included in the Construction and contractors’ RFPs. TEPD, IA. detailed design Preparation qualifications • Environmental section will be included in the contract TOR for bidders. • Environmental clauses for contractors in reference to the EMP and monitoring plan will be included in the construction and supply contracts.

Environmental • Contractors will be required to prepare an Contractors PIC, TPMO, Included in the operation and environmental operation and supervision TEPD. detailed design supervision manual manual, for approval by PIC. contract

Complaint and • Establish a complaint and information Contractors IA,TPMO, Included in the information disclosure office or appoint a responsible TEPD detailed design disclosure office or person before starting construction. contract appointed person • Make sure that staff at the office is well trained to handle conflicts with residents from environmental impacts.

Environmental • Environmental specialists and/or officials from Contractors, TEPD, Included in the protection training TEPD will be invited to provide training on PIC TPMO, IA. detailed design implementation and supervision of contract

4 Appendix 1

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company environmental mitigation measures to relevant persons, especially construction engineers and managers.

Engagement of • Prior to start of construction, an environmental PIC TPMO,IA Included in the EMCC management company will be engaged. detailed design contract

B. Construction Phase Re-use of Ecology Soil erosion • Prepare a Soil Erosion Control Plan(SEPC) to Contractors EPBs, TPMO, Included in the Wastewater specify the mitigation, implementation and OEE, PIC subcomponent supervision measures. construction budgets

Sediment 1. Water Quality Disturbance to the • Select site-specific dredging equipments and Contractors EPBs, TPMO, Included in the Dredging, river and an methods, and operational procedures to OEE, subcomponent Disposal and increase in SS mitigate SS. PIC,WRB construction Bank budgets Reconstruction 2. Air Quality Odor and dust • To ensure that no sensitive receptor within Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the generated from the approximately 100 m around the sediment TPMO, EPBs subcomponent process of dredging and dewatering sites. construction sediments dredging, • Use covered vehicles for transportation if budgets dewatering, and necessary to prevent nuisance odor and dust transportation exposure to the workers.

Appendix 1 5

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company 3. Solid Wastes Dredged sediments • Test and verify if the sediments are qualified for Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the land reclamation TPMO, EPBs subcomponent construction budgets

4.Ecology Destruction to the • Carry out artificial adding and enhancement of Contractors PIC, OEE, 100 species and habitats sea creature after the completion of dredged TPMO, EPBs activities to compensate the loss of biomass

5.Environmental Breakage of the • Regularly check the dredged sediments Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the Risk dredged sediments transport pipeline between the CSD and the TPMO, EPBs, subcomponent transport pipeline sedimentation pool to ensure no leakage of WRB construction sediments. budgets

Storm Surges 1. Water Quality Wastewater • Install oil-water separator or oil collector on Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the Disaster generated from construction ships. Oil waste should not be TPMO, EPBs, subcomponent Reduction machinery discharged into the marine. WRB construction budgets

Oil sewage • Collect the domestic sewage by “Environmental Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the Protection No.1 Ship” TPMO, EPBs, subcomponent • Oil sewage treatment operations shall comply WRB construction with the operating procedures as prescribed in budgets the Discharge Standard for Pollutants from Ship (GB3552-83).

6 Appendix 1

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company Domestic sewage • Collect the domestic sewage by “Environmental Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the Protection No.1 Ship” TPMO, EPBs, subcomponent • The domestic sewage discharge operations WRB construction shall comply with the operating procedures as budgets prescribed in Discharge Standard for Pollutants from Ship (GB3552-83).

2. Solid Wastes Ship wastes • Put the ship wastes in containers or garbage Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the bags daily and deliver the wastes to Binhai TPMO, EPBs subcomponent Hangu landfill site. construction • The supervision of pollutant discharge of the budgets Project will be included in supervision and management system based on Tianjin Maritime Safety Administration. • The garbage disposal operations shall comply with the operating procedures as prescribed in the Discharge Standard for Pollutants from Ship (GB3552-83).

3. Ecology Aquatic wildlife • Use artificial sea creature enhancement to Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the damage compensate the loss of biomass and restore TPMO, EPBs subcomponent the coastal biology resources. construction • A specific artificial adding plan should be done budgets by construction enterprises, consulted with local fisheries and aquaculture authority

Appendix 1 7

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company • If possible, restrict the construction activities at season when the aquatic species at their sensitive early life stages to minimize the direct physical impacts.

4.Social Disturbance to • Coordinate all vessel activities within the harbor Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the considerations shipping and harbor during construction period by the Harbor TPMO, EPBs, subcomponent operation Authority. Harbor construction Authority. budgets

5. Environmental Oil spillage • Seal the pollution discharge equipment of Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the Risks accidents of the construction ship by maritime authority based TPMO, EPBs subcomponent construction ship. on Regulations for Management Concerning construction Sealing of the Shipboard Pollutant Discharging budgets Equipment in the Coastal Water. • Check the machinery for leakage of lubricants and keep the machinery in good working order. • Refuel the machinery and the ship at least 30m from any water body. • All spills or leakages will be promptly collected, cleaned up and the accidents will be reported to the environmental emergencies response agency • The supervision of pollutant discharge of the Project will be included in supervision and

8 Appendix 1

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company management system based on Tianjin Maritime Safety Administration

Universal 1. Water Quality Wastewater from • Install environment-friendly mobile toilets and Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the applicable for all construction camps oil-water separation tanks on the construction TPMO, WRB, construction of the five camp. Oil will be collected separately by EPBs budgets subcomponents authorized company. • Use natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas for the temporal canteen. • Collect and treat discharged domestic wastewater in septic tanks before they are discharged to nearby sewer network • Unauthorized dumping of wastewater will be prohibited.

Wastewater • Build storage tank and temporary wastewater Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the generated from treatment facility to ensure the wastewater TPMO, WRB, construction machinery discharge comply with national standards. EPBs budgets • Regularly maintain construction equipments to avoid accidents.

Appendix 1 9

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company Handling of • A regulation on handling chemical materials Contractors PIC, OEE, 500000 chemicals (e.g., store the chemical away from TPMO, WRB, watercourses and provision of retention areas EPBs to contain accidental spills of such toxic, hazardous, and harmful construction materials as caustic and acidic substances, oil and petroleum products, and asphalt materials) will be prepared and applied to prevent soil and surface/ground water pollution. • A prevention and emergency response plan will be developed and implemented. • Train the workers (especially painters) on safe and diligent handling of chemicals to avoid accidental spills, and on emergency response when a spill would occur.

Solid wastes • Dumping of construction solid wastes and Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the garbage into water bodies will be prohibited. TPMO, WRB, construction EPBs budgets

2. Air Quality Dust from material • Cover vehicles delivering granular and/or fine Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the delivery and materials to the sites. Avoid overloading of TPMO, EPBs construction construction these vehicles. budgets vehicles

10 Appendix 1

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company Dust from • All roads for vehicles should be paved with Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the construction sites concrete or other materials to form hard surface TPMO, EPBs construction and be kept clean, and no mud or extraneous budgets materials dropping from the transportation vehicles. • Select materials storage sites 300 m from residential areas. • Organize material storage sites: separate stone and sand materials; store concrete in separate storage place and reduce the on-site storage time of the construction wastes. • Set up appropriate walls around construction site and spray water on construction sites twice a day. • Minimize the transportation distance from the storage site to the construction site. • Stop construction during strong winds and cover the stockpile. • The construction contractor should use commercial ready-mixed concrete. Mixing cement and lime soil are not allowed on construction site. • The cooking for workers should use clean energy such as natural gas on the construction site. Coals, wood are not allowed to use as

Appendix 1 11

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company flammable materials on the site. • Upon completion of construction, clean up construction and demolition wastes in timely manner. Re-vegetate all the construction sites with trees and grasses.

Dust from • All roads and pavements used by vehicles of Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the transportation roads the contractors or suppliers will be kept clean TPMO, EPBs construction and clear of all dust, mud, or extraneous budgets materials dropped from their transportation vehicles by covering with tarpaulin sheets. • Spray water on access roads twice a day. • Control vehicle speeds on construction sites.

Emissions from • Vehicle emissions will comply with Limits and Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the vehicles and Measurement Methods for Emissions from TPMO, EPBs construction equipment Light-duty Vehicles(Phase III,IV) budgets (GB18352-2005), Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Compression Ignition and Gas Fuelled Ignition Engines of Vehicles(Phase III,IV,V)(GB17691-2005), Limits and Measurement Methods for Crankcase Pollutants From Heavy-duty Vehicles Equipped with P.I Engines(GB 11340-2005), Limits and

12 Appendix 1

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company Measurement Methods for Exhaust Smoke from C.I.E.(Compression Ignition Engine) and Vehicle Equipped with C.I.E.(GB3847-2005), and Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Vehicles Equipped Ignition Engine under Two-speed Idle Conditions and Simple Driving Mode Conditions(GB18285-2005). Use gas purifiers to minimize the exhaust fumes. • Equipment and machinery emissions must comply with Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996) • A regular inspection and certification system will be initiated to make sure that exhaust gases complied with emission standards.

3. Noise Noise from • Install noise barrier and vibration-proof Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the equipment and equipment around the sites having high-noise TPMO, EPBs construction vehicles machinery budgets • Noise from equipment and machinery will comply with Noise limits for Construction Site (GB12523-1990). • Noisy construction work will be probated near the sensitive area and stopped between 22:00 and 06:00 hours.

Appendix 1 13

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company • Regularly maintain construction equipments to avoid noise generation. • Provide adequate route for large trucks to keep away from residential areas. • Control traffic on the site and limit blowing of horns.

4. Solid Wastes Domestic wastes • Provide multi-compartment collection bins to Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the from construction facilitate reuse, recycle of solid wastes TPMO, EPBs construction camps • Collect the wastes regularly by the city budgets sanitation bureau to the municipal sanitary landfill.

Construction solid • Collect and cleanup wastes in a timely manner , Contractors PIC, OEE, 500000 wastes sort construction wastes; recycle and reuse, if TPMO, EPBs possible, and dispose of the rest of the solid wastes in landfill. 5. Soil Erosion Excavation • Avoid rainstorm days during excavation Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the activities. TPMO, EPBs construction • Construct a drainage system to minimize the budgets soil erosion.

Transport and • Refill the excavated soils on the construction Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the disposal of soils site. TPMO, EPBs construction • Build settling ponds in construction sites. Soils budgets

14 Appendix 1

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company in settling ponds will be cleared for use as refill soils.

Construction • Lay straws or cloths at the entry/exist of each Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the vehicles construction site. TPMO, EPBs construction • Regularly clean up the soils on the tires of budgets construction vehicles

Exposed surfaces • Construct slope protection in erosion-prone Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the section to prevent soil erosion and runoff. TPMO, EPBs construction • As soon as refill and land leveling is done, budgets re-vegetation with trees and grasses will be undertaken.

6. Social and Traffic jam or block • Divert traffic at peak traffic hours Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the Cultural TPMO, EPBs, construction Considerations City traffic budgets bureau.

7.Sanitation and Health and • Identify all potential health hazardous, establish Contractors OEE, TPMO, Included in the Safety sanitation of and implement professional health and PIC, EPBs construction workers sanitation plan for the engineering program. budgets • Maintain and monitor sanitation condition in construction areas. • Provide medical facilities, health services and PPEs.

Appendix 1 15

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company • Health and sanitation on job training.

Safety of the public • Identify all potential safety hazardous, establish Contractors OEE, TPMO, Included in the and the workers and implement safety plan for the engineering PIC, EPBs construction program. budgets • Put up warning signs to alert the public of potential safety risks in and around the construction sites. • Safety on job training.

8. Environmental Lack of • It is necessary to reinforce the environmental Contractors OEE, TPMO, Included in the Risks environmental policy education to the construction workers. It PIC, EPBs construction awareness is forbidden to dump and throw the waste budgets arbitrarily.

9. Energy Equipment selection • Select the equipments in compliance with the Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the conservation and national standard and obtaining the energy TPMO, EPBs, construction GHG emissions conservation authentication. budgets reduction Energy • Set up transportation program to avoid the Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the conservation of unnecessary running of vehicle. TPMO, EPBs, construction the transportation • Use low emission vehicles. City traffic budgets vehicles bureau.

16 Appendix 1

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company Worker training • Train the construction workers on the energy Contractors PIC, OEE, Included in the conservation and emission reduction. TPMO, EPBs. construction budgets

C. Operation Phase Water Collection 1. Water Quality Effluent from • Conduct environmental inspection by a local POC TPMO, IA, Included in the and Treatment WWTP impact on EMS before the formal operations to make sure WRB, EPBs subcomponent receiving the effluents meet Class IA of Discharge operation water bodies Standards of Pollutants for Municipal WWTPs budgets (GB18918-2002). • Implement strict regular maintenance to ensure normal operation of all equipments. • Set up an effluent monitoring program to regularly monitor effluent and surface water quality.

Wastewater from • Wastewater from management offices will be POC TPMO, EPBs, Included in the management office directly discharged to municipal sewers that will IA, WRB subcomponent go to the municipal WWTP. operation • In cases where connection with municipal budgets sewers is not available, septic tank or on-site wastewater treatment facility will be installed for treating wastewater before being discharged into receiving water bodies.

Appendix 1 17

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company WWTP malfunction • Use dual power supply for the WWTP. The POC TPMO, WRB, Included in the operator should store a generator and enough EPBs, IA subcomponent diesel oil for power failure. operation • Prepare O&M manuals budgets • Provide adequate training to the operator on proper operation and maintenance of the facilities. • Set up appropriate internal and external protocols for communicating with EPBs, health and safety authorities, effluent reuse users, and other agencies.

Illegal • Develop industrial pollution control, process POC TPMO, WRB, Included in the industrial control and management plans to keep EPBs, IA subcomponent discharges adequate treatment of industrial waste before operation discharge into the sewer system. budgets • Set up an industrial wastewater monitoring system, and strictly enforce prohibition of illegal industrial discharges.

2. Air Quality Odor from WWTP • Arrange the sludge dewatering process inside POC,DI EPBs, Included in the of appropriate building. TPMO,IA, subcomponent • Clean up and dispose of sludge in timely operation manner. Avoid storage of dewatered sludge in budgets WWTP for long time.

18 Appendix 1

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company • Haul the dewatered sludge for the final disposal in a sealed truck. • Carry out regular odor monitoring.

Odor from • Cover the inflow chamber. POC EPBs, Included in the pumping station • No new residential house to be built within 100 TPMO,IA, subcomponent m sanitary buffer from pumping station. operation • Strengthen the management and forestation. budgets • Carry out regular odor monitoring.

3. Noise Noise from • Regularly maintain machinery and keep POC EPBs, TPMO, Included in pumping station equipment in good condition. IA, design and • Regularly monitor noise and set up mechanism operation for compliance. budgets

Noise from • Selected low-noise equipment and vehicles. POC EPBs, TPMO, Included in equipment • Install high-noise equipment indoors with IA, design and operation adequate thick walls, soundproof doors, and operation double-glazed windows. budgets

4. Solid Wastes Dewatered sludge • Carry chemical tests of sludge to identify POC EPBs, TPMO, Included in from whether the quality of sludge complies with IA, design and WWTP Discharge Standards of Pollutants for Municipal operation WWTPs (GB18918-2002) budgets • Sent the sludge that meet the standard to

Appendix 1 19

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company municipal sanitary landfill in a timely manner in closed container. • Appoint environmental supervision staff to make sure no spill or dumping during the transportation route. • Maintain the dewatering equipment regularly. • Control the water content of the sludge.

5 Ecology Vegetation • Provide a vegetation buffer zone around the POC EPBs, TPMO, Included in WWTP and the pump stations. IA, design and operation budgets

6.Environmental Accidental • Enforce disinfection process before discharge. POC EPBs, TPMO, Included in Risks discharge from • Install automatic flow meter and water quality IA, design and WWTP monitoring system. operation • Prepare a tank for the storage of wastewater budgets discharged in emergency during leakage or spill occurs. • Take measures if any potential incidents or illegal discharge is found during regular inspection and maintenance. • Through training, improve skills of workers on handling emergencies. • Strengthen the skills of workers on handing

20 Appendix 1

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company daily operation management through on job training. • Standby equipments and pipes will be installed to reduce the risk of accidental overflow.

Leaking or • Use antiseptic pipes of high quality. Regularly POC EPBs, TPMO, Included in bursting of check the interface of the pipeline where IA, design and pipes leakage is prone to happen.. operation • Provide adequate supervision, management budgets and proper maintenance to the sewer pipes. • Enhance the operation monitoring. • Provide an emergency response plan for the leaking or bursting of pipes.

Abnormal • Maintain the odor control facility regularly. POC EPBs, TPMO, Included in functioning of odor • Employ standby equipments for this type of IA, design and control facility accident. operation budgets

7. Energy Idle machine and • To arrange the treatment units in a form that POC EPBs, TPMO, Included in conservation and operator can meet different influent volume and keep the IA, design and GHG emissions operated equipments in its full productive operation reduction capacity as possible. budgets • Change the number of operation units based on the different flow volume of water.

Appendix 1 21

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company • Employ frequency-variable equipment.

Re-use of 1. Water Quality Secondary pollution • Calculate the rate of pollutant release in order POC EPBs, TPMO, Included in Wastewater from sediments to arrange a dredging plan. IA, design and dredging in the • Test and analyze the rate of phosphous release operation wetland to determine the scope of environmental budgets dredging. • Carry out environmental dredging and engage special environmental-friendly dredge.

2. Air Quality Odor from the • Conduct proper maintenance regularly. POC EPBs, TPMO, Included in wetland • Sequentially drain and refill the wetland cell IA, design and over a period of several days, about 24 hours operation for each change. budgets • Plant grass and plants may contribute to odor removal.

3. Solid waste Trash and debris • Regularly maintenance to remove accumulated POC EPBs, TPMO, Included in accumulation in the trash and debris in the wetland cell. IA, design and wetland operation budgets

4. Ecology Insects outburst • Keep annual vegetation maintenance such as POC EPBs, TPMO, Included in clear dead vegetation, and reduce the IA, design and

22 Appendix 1

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company accumulation of vegetation in the pools of operation shallow stagnant water. budgets • Maintain a mosquito control program. Use ecological friendly insecticide or larvicides. Use fish, frogs, and bats to prey on mosquitoes and their larvae to maintain balanced ecosystem.

Management of • Reap the plants by hand or use machines to POC TEPD,TPMO, Included in vegetation control the overgrowth of the plants. IA, design and • An annual vegetation harvest in summer should operation be planned. budgets

Soil erosion • Inspect the drainage structures regularly POC TEPD,TPMO, Included in • Maintain and stabilize the riverbank on time. IA, design and Check the retaining wall regularly against any operation shift in position and collapse, especially in the budgets peak natural disaster season. • The local water resource bureau and environmental monitoring station will undertake regular monitoring of soil erosion. • Build a maintenance ramp to facilitate access to the site for the maintenance activities and for surveillance and control.

5.Environmental Flooding • Inspect and check the wetland after starting POC TEPD,TPMO, Included in

Appendix 1 23

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company Risks operation to identify whether the desired IA, design and residence time has been achieved. operation • The monitoring frequency of the water flow rate budgets in the wetland should be increased during the flood season.

Sediment 1. Water Quality Leachate from • Regularly monitor the groundwater quality and POC TPMO, EPBs, Included in Dredging, reclamation site the water quality of the harbor area. IA design and Disposal and operation Bank budgets Reconstruction 2. Ecology Vegetation • Plant trees, ornamental and grass, do not grow POC TPMO, EPBs, Included in vegetable on the reclaimed land by the IA design and sediment. operation budgets

3.Environmental and Impacts of the • For the land reclamation, only use the sediment POC TPMO, EPBs, Included in health risks contaminant in the that the contaminant concentration is below the IA design and sediment acceptable value. operation • Conduct regularly monitoring in the reclaimed budgets land, the monitoring parameters including heavy metals, PAHs, pesticides and PCBs.

Environmental 1. Water Quality Acid and alkali • Neutralize acidic solutions that do not contain POC TPMO, EPBs, Included in Monitoring and heavy metals or other hazardous substances IA,WRB design and

24 Appendix 1

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company Emergency with sodium hydroxide in equimolar amounts operation Response Center and discharge the acid as laboratory budgets wastewater. • Neutralize alkaline solutions that do not contain heavy metals or other hazardous substances with hydrochloric acid in equimolar amounts and discharge the alkali as laboratory wastewater.

Detergent using for • Using environmental-friendly detergent to wash POC TPMO, EPBs, Included in equipment washing the experimental facilities. IA design and operation budgets

Laboratory • Avoid making unnecessary samples to reduce POC TPMO, EPBs, Included in operation the water consumption. IA design and • Use the instruments that produce less pollution. operation budgets 2. Solid Wastes Laboratory wastes • Reuse the recyclable laboratory wastes in POC TPMO, EPBs, Included in appropriate recycling procedure. IA design and • Collect the organic solvents in laboratories operation separately and recycle them by distillation if budgets possible.

Appendix 1 25

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company Hazardous sewage • Detoxify small amounts of hazardous chemical POC TPMO, EPBs, Included in and wastes sewage and wastes in the laboratory by IA design and qualified staff or hand them over to the qualified operation units (plants). budgets • Collect separately and dispose of them by licensed hazardous waste vender.

Storm Surges 1.Environmental Structure failure of • Carry out regularly routine maintenance and POC TPMO, EPBs, Included in Disaster Risks the breakwater and repair. IA design and Reduction the embankments • Carry out stabilization inspection. operation • A repair program shall be immediately initiated budgets if structure failure is found.

Universal 1. Air Quality Vehicles • All vehicles must pass Euro-III equivalent test POC EPBs, TPMO, Included in applicable for all as part of annual vehicle safety and IA design and of the five environmental protection inspection. operation subcomponents budgets

2. Ecology Vegetation • All vegetation covers will be properly POC EPBs, TPMO, Included in maintained. IA design and operation budgets

3. Environmental Emergency and • Provide operation training to workers to avoid POC EPBs, TPMO, Included in Risks accident any incident caused by error. IA design and

26 Appendix 1

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company • Stipulate operation guideline, and apply operation responsibility system. budgets • Prepare emergency response plan, including response, rescue, and report procedure. • Carry out awareness building and education activities to promote compliance with relevant national, provincial and municipal regulations and environmental emergency response plans.

Facility • Maintain environment facilities and ships POC EPBs, TPMO, Included in malfunction regularly. IA design and operation budgets

Insufficient • Conduct training for environmental POC EPB, Included in environmental management. TPMO, IA design and management operation capacity budgets 4. Energy Operation of • Set up equipment operation program to avoid POC EPBs, TPMO, Included in conservation and equipment and the unnecessary and low efficiency running of IA design and GHG emissions vehicles vehicle and equipment engines. operation reduction budgets

Worker training • Provide proper training to the operators and the POC EPBs, TPMO, Included in managers. IA design and

Appendix 1 27

Project Impact Factor/ Potential Impacts Supervising Budget Project Mitigation Measures Implementing Stage and/or Issues Agency ( CNY ’000) Company operation budgets Note: ADB = Asian Development Bank, DI=design institute, EIA = environmental impact assessment, EMCC = environmental management company/consultant, EMP = environmental management plan, EMS= environmental monitoring station, GB = Guo Biao (National Standards),GHG= greenhouse gas, m = meter, IA= implementing agency, OEE = onsite environmental engineer, PIC = project implementing company, POC = project operating company, PPE=personal protection equipment, PPTA = project preparatory technical assistance, PRC = People’s Republic of China, TEPD = Tianjin Environmental Protection Department , EPBs= Environmental Protection Bureaus, TOR = terms of reference, TPMO = Tianjin Project Management Office, RFP = request for proposal, EIA = environmental impact assessment, SS =suspended solids, WRB = Water Resources Bureau at the city level, WWTP = wastewater treatment plant.

28 Appendix 1

C. Environmental Monitoring and Inspection

4. An environmental monitoring program is presented in Table 1.2. This program considers the scope of monitoring, environmental media, monitoring parameters, time and frequency, implementing and supervising agencies. The monitoring will follow the methodology provided in the national standard methods for monitoring pollutants1. Other associated standards are national environmental quality standards and pollutant discharge/emission standards.

5. Internal Monitoring and Inspection. During the construction, PIC with supervision from TPMO will recruit environmental management company/consultant (EMCCs) for conducting internal environmental monitoring and inspections to ensure that environmental mitigation measures are properly implemented. EMCCs appointed for the Project implementation will also advice the PMO and IA on carrying out their environmental responsibilities. Inspections or audits will mainly cover construction activities, but these will also review the affected environment. The inspections or audit activities will be conducted every week. Monitoring results will be well-documented, and the contractors and PIC will be informed of the outcomes. During the operation period, project operating company (POC) will be responsible for internal monitoring and reporting to TPMO, TEPD.

6. Environmental Acceptance Monitoring and Audit. Moreover, within 3 months after each sub-component completion, or no later than 1 year with permission from the responsible environmental authorities, environmental acceptance monitoring and audit reports will be (i) prepared by a qualified environmental institute in accordance with the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) Guideline on Project Completion Environmental Audit (2001); (ii) reviewed for approval by environmental authorities who has given the approval to the same individual EIA, and (iii) finally submitted to the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

7. Compliance Monitoring and Inspection. The Tianjin Environmental Monitoring Station (TEMS) or District Environmental Monitoring Station (DEMS) will be responsible to undertake regular and random compliance monitoring and inspection before, during, and after construction, as well as in the event of emergencies. If abnormalities are found, Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPBs) will impose a fine and issue a notice of rectification with a specific deadline.

8. Environmental monitoring, including the environmental benefits monitoring, will be incorporated into the Project Performance Management System (PPMS). The TPMO with assistance from the PIC and POC will be responsible for analyzing and

1 The methods are: a. Analytical Method for the Monitoring of Water and Wastewater (the Fourth Edition).b. Analytical Method for the Monitoring of Ambient and Waste gas. c. Analytical Method for the Monitoring of Pollutants in Sludge from Agricultural Use. d. Analytical Method for the Monitoring of Urban Wastes for Agricultural Use

Appendix 1 29 consolidating the data through their management information system. The PPMS will be designed to allow adequate flexibility to adopt remedial actions regarding Project design, schedules, activities, and development impacts. At the beginning of the Project, the TPMO, the PIC, and consultants will develop comprehensive PPMS procedures to systematically generate data on inputs and outputs of the Project components and agree on environmental and related social economic indicators to be used to measure Project impacts. The TPMO, the PIC, and POC will refine the PPMS framework, confirm achievable goals, firm up monitoring and recording arrangements, and establish systems and procedures no later than 6 months after loan effectiveness.

9. The monitoring results will be used to evaluate: (i) the extent and severity of environmental impacts compared with the predicted impacts, (ii) performance of the environmental protection measures or compliance with related rules and regulations, (iii) trends of impacts, and (iv) overall effectiveness of the EMPs. Effectiveness of mitigation measures and monitoring plans will be evaluated through a feedback reporting system. Modification of measures required by the EMPs will be performed, if necessary. The TPMO and EPBs play critical roles in this feedback and adjustment mechanism as shown in Figure 1.1.

10. The environmental monitoring program is included in Table1.2. The cost estimates for the environmental monitoring program are shown in Table1.2. Before implementing the monitoring plan, responsible agencies will provide more accurate estimates of the costs and present a further detailed breakdown of the cost estimates. During Project implementation, the costs will be adjusted based on actual requirements. If there are unpredictable environmental impacts found during the implementation of the environmental monitoring, EIA and EMP should be updated in timely manner and mitigation measures will be put forward to reduce the impacts to the environment.

30 Appendix 1

Table 1.2: Environmental Monitoring Program

Implementing Supervising Item Parameters Location Time and Frequency Agency Agency A. Construction (Internal Monitoring) 1. Surface Water COD, SS for WWTP, 2 locations on the Dagu Canal, 2 samples in each sampling; OEE, contractor TPMO, TEPD Wetland and ERC 4 locations on the Hai River Sampling times: one before subcomponent; COD, SS, estuary starting, one after completion, petroleum, PCBs, twice a year during the pesticides, heavy metals for implementation. Sediments dredging subcomponent

COD, petroleum, SS, 3 locations around the 2 samples in each sampling; OEE, contractor TPMO, TEPD (Breakwater construction site in the Bohai Sampling times: one before subcomponent). Gulf the construction, one at rising tide and one at the ebb tide of every year during the construction period, and one after the construction.

2. Air TSP, PM10 For each subcomponent, 2 4 samples in each sampling OEE, contractor TPMO, TEPD monitoring locations for each and each sampling complete construction site in one day; Sampling times: one before starting, one after completion,

Appendix 1 31

Implementing Supervising Item Parameters Location Time and Frequency Agency Agency twice a year during the implementation.

3. Noise Leq (dB(A)) For each subcomponent, 1 Twice (day-time and OEE, contractor TPMO,TEPD location at the border of night-time) each time; construction site. Monthly during peak construction, quarterly in other periods.

4. Soil and Vegetation Removal of vegetation and All sites Visual inspection weekly OEE, contractor TPMO, TEPD exposed surface

5. Sediments Heavy metals, PCBs, For the surface layer of the Take samples when OEE, contractor TPMO,TEPD pesticides, PAHs sediments(0~2.5m) transporting the dewatered (Sediments dredging sediment to the land subcomponent) reclamation site. Take samples every 10 thousand m3 of 520 thousand m3 of the dredged sediments, totally 52 samples.

32 Appendix 1

Implementing Supervising Item Parameters Location Time and Frequency Agency Agency For the sediments below the Take samples when OEE, contractor TPMO,TEPD surface layer(2.5-10.3m) transporting the dewatered sediment to the land reclamation site. Take samples every 50 thousand m3 of 1.28 million m3, totally 25 samples.

Cu, Pb, Cd, petroleum 1~3 locations around the 2 samples in each sampling; OEE, contractor TPMO,TEPD (Breakwater subcomponent) construction site in the Bohai Sampling times: one before Gulf starting, one after completion, twice a year during the implementation.

6.Biodiversity Chlorophyll a, 1~3 locations around the 1 samples in each sampling; OEE, contractor TPMO,TEPD phytoplankton, zooplankton construction site in the Bohai four samplings (spring, and zoobenthos Gulf summer, autumn, and winter) (breakwater and sediment in a year dredging subcomponent)

B. Project Completion Environmental Acceptation 1.Surface water COD, SS for WWTP, 2 locations on the Dagu Canal, 2 samples in each sampling; EMC/ Licensed Lab TPMO, Wetland and ERC 4 locations on the Hai River 1 samplings at each location; WRB,TEPD subcomponent; COD, SS, estuary.

Appendix 1 33

Implementing Supervising Item Parameters Location Time and Frequency Agency Agency petroleum, PCBs, pesticides, heavy metals for Sediments dredging subcomponent

COD, petroleum, SS, 3 locations around the 2 samples in each sampling ; EMC/ Licensed Lab TPMO, (Breakwater construction site in the Bohai 1 samplings at each location; WRB,TEPD subcomponent). Gulf

2. Effluents of WWTP pH, COD, BOD5, SS, At the outlet of the WWTP 2 samples in each sampling ; EMC/ Licensed Lab TPMO,

petroleum, TN, TP, NH3-N, For CODCr, TN, TP, NH3-N, 12 WRB,TEPD grease, fecal coliform samplings in one day for 2 consecutive days. For the others 6 samplings in one day for 2 consecutive days.

3.Groundwater Heavy metals, PCBs, 3 monitoring wells in the 1 sample in each sampling; EMC/ Licensed Lab TPMO, pesticides, PAHs, ground sediment reclamation site 1 sampling monthly at each WRB,TEPD water level (sediment location, at least 6 samplings dredging subcomponent) in one year2, stop monitoring upon complying with standards.

2 Technical Specifications for Environmental Monitoring of Groundwater.

34 Appendix 1

Implementing Supervising Item Parameters Location Time and Frequency Agency Agency — NO2 N, ground water level 2 monitoring wells at the 1 samples in each sampling ; EMC/ Licensed Lab TPMO, (wetland subcomponent) upstream and downstream of 1 sampling monthly at each WRB,TEPD the wetland locations, at least 6 samplings in a year, stop monitoring upon complying with standards.

pH , NO3-N, CODCr, NH3-N, , 3 monitoring wells 1 samples in each sampling; EMC/ Licensed Lab TPMO, heavy metals, fecal coliform, 1 sampling monthly at each WRB,TEPD ground water level (WWTP) locations, at least 6 samplings in a year, stop monitoring upon complying with standards.

4. Air Quality TSP,PM10 2 locations around the 2 samples in each sampling; EMC/ Licensed Lab TPMO, TEPD (Breakwater and ERC subcomponent sites 4 samplings for 2 consecutive subcomponent) days at each location.

NH3, H2S, odor 2 locations at the subcomponent 2 samples in each sampling ; EMC/ Licensed Lab TPMO, TEPD (wetland and WWTP sites 4 samplings for 2 consecutive subcomponent) days at each location.

Appendix 1 35

Implementing Supervising Item Parameters Location Time and Frequency Agency Agency 3. Noise Leq (dB(A)) Minimal 4 locations at boundary Twice (day-time and EMC/ Licensed Lab TPMO, TEPD (WWTP and wetland of WWTP night-time) in one day when subcomponent) the WWTP is in full load.

Minimal 2 locations for pump Twice (day-time and EMC/ Licensed Lab TPMO, TEPD station night-time) in one day when the pump station in full load.

4. Sludge Water content, pH, Zn, Cu, At WWTP dewatering unit 2 samples in each sampling; EMC/ Licensed Lab TPMO, TEPD As 2 sampling in one day; (WWTP subcomponent) 5. Soil and Vegetation Re-vegetation, landscaping All subcomponent sites Visual inspection EMC TPMO, TEPD

Heavy metals, PCBs, 5 locations in the sediment 1 sample every 1 meter depth EMC/ Licensed Lab TPMO, TEPD pesticide, PAHs (sediment reclamation land in each sampling location until dredging subcomponent) under the bottom of the layer which uses the sediment.

6.Biodiversity Chlorophyll a, 1~3 locations around the 1 samples in each sampling; EMC/ Licensed Lab TPMO, TEPD phytoplankton, zooplankton construction site in the Bohai four samplings in a year and zoobenthos Gulf (spring, summer, autumn, and (breakwater and sediment winter) dredging subcomponent)

36 Appendix 1

Implementing Supervising Item Parameters Location Time and Frequency Agency Agency

C. Operation (Compliance Monitoring) 1.Surface water COD, SS, petroleum, PCBs, 1 locations on the Dagu Canal, 2 samples in each sampling; EMS EPBs, pesticides, heavy metals 1 locations on the Hai River one sampling at each TPMO,WRB (WWTP, Wetland and ERC estuary, location; once a year subcomponent, Sediments dredging subcomponent).

COD, petroleum, SS, 1 locations around the 2 samples in each sampling; EMS EPBs, (Breakwater construction site in the Bohai one sampling at rising tide TPMO,WRB subcomponent). Gulf and once at the ebb tide; once a year for the first three years, then once at every five year.3

2. Influent and effluent CODcr ,BOD, SS, NH3-N, TP Influent at the inlet of the WWTP At least once a day. WWTP EPBs, TPMO of WWTP

pH, COD, BOD5, SS, Effluent at the outlet of the CODcr is mandatory online WWTP, EMS EPBs, TPMO

petroleum, TN, TP, NH3-N WWTP monitoring. The others at , grease, fecal coliform, least once a day. volume flow rate.

3 Technical Guidelines for Tracing Monitor the Marine Environmental Impact of Construction Project

Appendix 1 37

Implementing Supervising Item Parameters Location Time and Frequency Agency Agency 3. Groundwater Heavy metals, PCBs, 3 monitoring wells around the One sampling at each well. EMS EPBs, TPMO pesticides, PAHs ground sediment reclamation site Once a year for the first three water level, (sediment years, and then once every dredging subcomponent) five or ten years.

Salinity, ground water level 2 monitoring wells at the One sampling at each well. Wetland EPBs, TPMO (wetland subcomponent) upstream and downstream of Once a year the wetland

pH, NO3-N, CODCr, NH3-N, 3 monitoring wells at the plant One sampling at each well. WWTP EPBs, TPMO heavy metals, fecal coliform, site Once every three years. ground water level (WWTP subcomponent)

4. Air Quality NH3,H2S, Odor The site with peak concentration 2 samples in each sampling; EMS EPBs, TPMO (WWTP, Wetland of odor at the boundary of the 4 samplings at every two subcomponent) WWTP/Wetland or at the hours in one day4. Once a boundary of the buffer belt. year.

One site at downwind of the 2 samples in each sampling; EMS EPBs, TPMO pump station. 4 samplings at every two hours in one day. Once a year.

5. Noise Leq (dB(A)) 4 locations at boundary 2 samplings each day: one EMS EPBs, TPMO

4 Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant.

38 Appendix 1

Implementing Supervising Item Parameters Location Time and Frequency Agency Agency (WWTP and wetland of WWTP during day time, one during subcomponent) night time, for 2 days at each location. Once a year.

1 locations for pump station Twice (day-time and EMS EPBs, TPMO night-time) in one day. Once a year.

6. Soil and Vegetation Quality of preventive works, All sites Visual inspections EMS EPBs, TPMO vegetation survival and coverage rate, site survey and/or standard measurement of soil erosion during rainy season.

7. Sludge Water content, Pb, Zn, Cu, one location at municipal sludge One sample at the location, EMS EPBs, TPMO Cd,Hg, Cr, As, Ni disposal site once a year.

9.Biodiversity Chlorophyll a, One locations around the Four samples (spring, EMS EPBs, TPMO phytoplankton, zooplankton construction site in the Bohai summer, autumn, and and zoobenthos Gulf winter)at the location; once a (breakwater and sediment year in the first two years after dredging subcomponent) the completion of the Project.

Appendix 1 39

Implementing Supervising Item Parameters Location Time and Frequency Agency Agency 10. Eutrophication Nitrogen, phosphorus and One location in the wetland cell. Whenever there is a tendency Wetland EPBs, TPMO density of the algae of algae bloom. (wetland subcomponent)

10. Flooding Flood levels monitoring Coastal area in Northern Flooding season, monthly. WRB WRB breakwater location

Note: EMC = environmental monitoring center at provincial level, EMS = Environmental Monitoring Station at district level, TEPD = Tianjin Environmental Protection Department, TPMO = Tianjin Project Management Office, OEE = onsite environmental engineer, WRB = Water Resources Bureau at the city level, IA = implementing agency, WWTP = wastewater treatment plant, ERC=environmental response center, BOD = biochemical oxygen demand, COD = chemical oxygen demand, dB(A) = A-weighted decibel , pH = measure of acidity and alkalinity, PM10 = particulate matter smaller than 10 micrometers, As = arsenic, Cd = cadmium, Cr = chromium, Cu = copper, H2S = hydrogen sulfide, Hg = − mercury, Zn = zinc,NH3 = ammonia, NH3-N = ammonia nitrogen, Ni = nickel, NO2 = nitrogen dioxide, Pb = lead, pH = measure of acidity and alkalinity, PO3 = phosphate, SS = suspended solids, SO2 = sulfur dioxide, TN = total nitrogen, TP = total phosphor, Leq = equivalent continuous noise level , m = meter, TSP = total suspended particulates,

TH=total hydrocarbon, PCB=Polychlorinated biphenyls, NO3-N= nitrate.

40 Appendix 1

D. Public Consultation

1. Public Consultation during Project Preparation

11. Various public consultations were conducted in the course of the preparation of the feasibility study reports and EIAs. During the feasibility study reports, the respective municipal governments were consulted to assist in site and process selections. During EIAs and project preparatory technical assistance, public consultations with various groups of stakeholders were conducted. The main focuses of public consultations were to assess the environmental impacts of the proposed subcomponents on nearby communities and mitigation measures. These activities were carried out in accordance with MEP Interim Guidelines on Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment (2006), and ADB Environmental Assessment Guideline (2003).

2. Future Public Consultation Plan

12. Future plans for public involvement during the design, construction, and operation phases were developed during the Project preparation. These plans include public participation in (i) monitoring impacts and mitigation measures during the construction and operation stages, (ii) evaluating environmental and economic benefits and social impacts, and (iii) interviewing the public after the Project is completed. They include several types of consultations, e.g., site visits, workshops, investigation of specific issues, interviews, and public hearings (Table 1.3).

13. Public participation plans are part of the Project implementation and management plan. The PIC is responsible for public participation during Project implementation. The PIC will also establish an environmental management unit (EMU) for supervising implementation, continuing public consultation, monitoring progress, and responding to grievances. The staff at the offices will be well trained to handle crisis situations or conflicts with residents due to distress from environmental impacts. Costs for public participation activities during Project construction are included in the Project funding. The costs are estimated as 5,000 RMB for each expert workshop, 20,000 RMB for each public investigation on a particular issue, 5,000 RMB for each public workshop, and 10,000 RMB for each press conference. Costs for public participation activities during operation will be covered by the PIC. In addition, the established feedback mechanisms (Figure 1.1) will ensure timely feedback and measures to address any concerns raised by the Project affected communities.

Table 1.3: Public Consultation Program

Organizer Approach / Times Subjects Participants 1. Project Preparation TPMO, PIC, • EIA public opinion Project information; TPMO, PIC, DIs, EIA DIs, EIA surveys: at least once environmental quality institutes, EPB, other institutes, • Expert panel review: at status; major impacts and provincial and municipal

Appendix 1 41

Organizer Approach / Times Subjects Participants PPTA least once benefits; mitigation government stakeholders, consultants • Socioeconomic and AP measures; public community representatives, surveys: once for the attitudes, comments, and enterprises and other overall Project. recommendations stakeholders within • Public consultation construction and service meeting + area questionnaire: three times for overall Project • Site visits: multiple times

2. Construction TPMO, PIC, • Public consultation and Adjusting mitigation Work staff within EMCC site visits: at least once measures if necessary, construction a year construction impacts, area and representatives of comments and residents suggestions

• Expert workshop or Comments and Experts from various press conference: As suggestions on mitigation sectors, media needed, based on measures, public public consultation opinions; adjusting mitigation measures accordingly

• Public information Adjusting mitigation Representatives of session: at least once measures if necessary, residents and social sectors a year construction impacts, comments and suggestions

3. Test Operation TPMO, PIC, • Site visits: multiple, Comments and Local residents and social POC, depending on results suggestions on sectors, EPBs EMCC of Project completion operational impacts, environmental audit public suggestions on corrective actions

4. Operation TPMO, • Public opinion survey: Effects of mitigation Work staff adjacent to POC once per year in the measures, impacts of subcomponent sites.

42 Appendix 1

Organizer Approach / Times Subjects Participants first five years of operation, comments and operation suggestions for corrective actions

• Site visits: once every Plant operational managers and workers, year. performance, informal local residents adjacent to interviews with local the subcomponent sites residents

• Public workshop: as Public comments and Representatives of needed based on suggestions on corrective residents and social sectors public opinion survey measures and public complaints received

• Expert workshop or Expert comments and Experts from social sectors, press conference: as suggestions on corrective media needed based on measures public consultation and workshop

Note: AP = affected person, EIA = environmental impact assessment, EMCC = environmental management company/ consultant, TEPD = Tianjin Environmental Protection Department, TPMO =Tianjin Project Management Office. PIC = project implementing company, POC = project operating company, PPTA = project preparatory technical assistance, DI=design institute.

E. Responsibilities and Authorities for Implementation

14. The Tianjin Reform and Development Commission (TRDC) have designated HIP Construction Development Co. Ltd (HIP-DCD) as the implementation agency (IA). The Tianjin Municipal Government (TMG) will serve as the executive agency (EA) for the Project subcomponents. TRDC has established a project management office (TPMO). The TPMO is co-located in the TDRC, and is headed by the Director General of TDRC. TPMO draws its members from TDRC, TEPD, and Tianjin Land Resources Bureau, Tianjin Finance Bureau, and Tianjin Construction Bureau. Delegated by the EA, the TPMO will have overall responsibility for supervising the implementation of mitigation measures and reporting to ADB.

15. The TPMO, PIC, POC, and contractors will each nominate dedicated, trained, and qualified environment specialists to undertake environmental management activities and ensure effective EMP implementation. Table 1.4 shows the environmental responsibilities in different phases of the Project.

Appendix 1 43

Table 1.4: Environmental Responsibility Matrix

Phase Agencies Environmental Responsibilities Preparation DIs Review and select alternatives (technological issues, design, sitting, etc.)

EIA institutes Prepare EIA and EMP for components, including public consultations

TEPD Review and approve EIA, including the EMP

PPTA consultant Provide technical assistance and prepare EIA, including public consultations

TPMO Coordinate and supervise EIA and public consultations

TMG Review and endorse EIA, including the EMP, for posting at ADB website

ADB Review and approval of the EIA, including the EMP.

Design DIs Update the EMP in cooperation with EIA institutes, and incorporate mitigation measures in engineering detail designs and contracts

TPMO, PIC Review and approve environmental measures

Tendering and TPMO, PIC, Incorporate EMP clauses in RFPs and contracts Contracting contractor

Construction PIC Make sure the implementation of mitigation measures and public consultations

Contractors Implement mitigation measures and internal monitoring

TPMO, EPBs, Advise and supervise implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring

EMCC contracted by Conduct internal monitoring and inspection, and PIC public consultations

EMC/EMS Conduct compliance monitoring

44 Appendix 1

Phase Agencies Environmental Responsibilities

Test Operation EMC, PIC Conduct Project completion environmental acceptance, including sampling, lab tests, and prepare Project completion environmental acceptance report

EPB Review and approve Project completion environmental acceptance report, and promulgate corrective action orders if necessary

EMCC Participate in environmental acceptance and prepare progress reports

Operation POC Ensure proper operation of component facilities according to design standards, and implementation of mitigation measures and public consultations

EMCC contracted by Conduct internal environmental monitoring and POC inspection, supervise implementation of EMP, and conduct public consultations

EMS on behalf of EPB Conduct regular and unannounced environmental compliance monitoring and inspection Note: DIs= Design Institutes, ADB = Asian Development Bank, EA = executing agency, EIA = environmental impact assessment, EMCC = environmental management company/consultant, EMP = environmental management plan, TEPD = Tianjin Environmental Protection Department, EMS = Environmental Monitoring Station at the city level, TPMO = Tianjin Project Management Office, PIC = project implementing company, POC = project operating company, PPTA = project preparatory technical assistance, PRC = People’s Republic of China, RFP = request for proposal, TMG=Tianjin Municipal Government

16. The PIC and POC will be largely responsible for environmental management and implementation of mitigation measures. They will ensure that the EMP are carried out and will engage design institutes and professional consultants to help with environmental management at the preparation, design, construction, and operation phases. The PIC and POC will be responsible for arranging environmental monitoring reviews and responding to any adverse impacts beyond those foreseen in the EIAs. The PIC and POC will also attend to the EPB and ADB’s requests for mitigation measures. Construction contractors will be responsible for implementing mitigation measures during construction, while the PICs will be responsible for implementing such measures during operation.

Appendix 1 45

17. In accordance with the EMP, each PIC and POC will set up an EMU that will generally require two employees. The EMU will be responsible for: (i) implementing the EMPs and developing further implementation details; (ii) supervising contractors’ implementation of mitigation measures during construction; (iii) implementing training programs for contractors; (iv) incorporating environmental management, monitoring, and mitigation measures into construction and operation management plans; (v) developing and implementing internal routine environmental monitoring; and (vi) reporting performance of the EMP to TPMO and responsible agencies. The EMU will be supported and supervised respectively by the environmental monitoring center (EMC) and EPB.

18. TEPD will ensure the compliance with the PRC and local environmental regulations through regular and random environmental compliance monitoring and inspection during construction and operation. The TEMS/DEMS will conduct the actual environmental compliance monitoring and inspection. On the basis of the environmental compliance monitoring and inspection, the EPB will impose fines and order corrective actions, if necessary.

19. The TMG will provide the PIC and POC with financial and management authority to operate the Project facilities. The PIC and POC will be strengthened by environmental management training provided under the Project, as summarized in Table1.5. They will incorporate environmental management activities into construction management plans.

F. Institutional Strengthening and Training

20. An assessment undertaken during the project preparatory technical assistance indicates that TPMO has adequate technical and institutional capacities for Project implementation. However, the PICs and POCs have weak capacity in environmental management and monitoring. For proper implementation of the EMP, it is necessary to strengthen the capacity of the PICs and POC. The proposed training is shown in Table 1.5.

21. It is considered that TPMO, and PIC/POC—provides a reasonable framework for Project management and control. The definition of roles, responsibilities and relationships between the PMO, PIC/POC, and other relevant agencies (e.g., TEPD) is adequate to ensure the effective implementation of the Project.

22. Environmental specialists in the TPMO, PIC/POC, and contractors will receive training in environmental management, environmental monitoring and supervision, mitigation planning, emergency response, environmental policymaking, and other environmental management techniques. Funding of this training will be included in the Project budget and in the operation and maintenance budget in the operation phase.

46 Appendix 1

Table 1.5: Institutional Strengthening and Training

Strengthening Target Agencies/ Contents Timing Activities Attendees Institutional TPMO, PIC, POC, • Defining institutional During Project Strengthening TEPD arrangements for preparation environmental management, monitoring, and supervision • Defining positions and responsibilities or each position. • Appointing and recruiting personnel

TPMO, PIC, POC, • Recruiting and contracting Prior to Project TEPD EMCC for internal implementation environmental management consultancy and monitoring

Environmental PIC, POC, • Developing environmental During Project Management Clauses EMCC/TPMO, TEPD, management clauses and preparation and Protocols incorporating them into construction and operational contracts • Developing/refining environmental monitoring protocols • Developing environmental emergency response procedures

Monitoring equipment TPMO, PIC, POC, • Procurement of lab During Project TEPD equipment for environmental preparation monitoring.

Training Environmental Laws, TPMO, PIC, POC, • Environmental laws and Prior to Project Regulations and contractors regulations implementation Policies • Environmental policies and plans • Basic environmental management • Environmental emergency

Appendix 1 47

Strengthening Target Agencies/ Contents Timing Activities Attendees response

EMP Implementation TPMO, EMCC, • Responsibility and duties for Prior to and PIC/POC, contractors Project construction, during Project management and implementation environmental protection • Tasks of environmental protection in the Project construction • Key environmental protection contents in Project construction • EMP improvement, corrective actions and settlement of disputes.

Environmental PIC/POC, EMCC, • Monitoring and inspection Prior to and Monitoring, Inspection contractors methods, data collection and during Project and Reporting processing, interpretation of implementation data, reporting system • Environmental reporting requirements

Environmental PIC/POC, EMCC, • Engineering technologies, Prior to and Technologies contractors pollution control equipment during and Equipment selection and procurement Project Implementation

Advanced PMO, PIC/POC • Study the basics of theory Prior to or at Training on Wastewater and practice, the Treatment, river • Training on the international beginning of management, wetland experiences and best Project park management, practices implementation breakwater • Operation, control and management, ERC maintenance management management. Community-Environme PIC/POC, contractors • Water savings During Project ntal and Hygiene • 3R’s (reduce, reuse, recycle) implementation Awareness Program • Wastewater minimization • Solid waste minimization • Community, household and personal hygiene

48 Appendix 1

Strengthening Target Agencies/ Contents Timing Activities Attendees

Environmental Facility PIC/POC, contractors • Operation and maintenance Prior to and Operation and environmental of environmental facilities during Maintenance facility managers, • Safety operation regulations Project • Equipment management and implementation emergency response procedures

Note: EMCC = environmental management company/consultant, EMP = environmental management plan, TEPD = Tianjin Environmental Protection Department, TPMO = Tianjin Project Management Office, PIC = project implementing company, POC = project operating company.

G. Reporting and Supervision

23. Internal Monitoring Reports. During the construction period, results from the internal monitoring by EMCC contracted by PIC/POC and/or TPMO will be reflected in the weekly construction reports. The reports will summarize: (i) environmental issues during construction; (ii) mitigation measures taken, if any; and (iii) consequences of the impacts on the environment and/or surrounding communities.

24. The contractors will be trained to take immediate actions to remedy unexpected adverse impacts or ineffective or inefficient mitigation measures, as required by the EMPs. The PIC will also respond to these reports in order to ensure that contractors have taken appropriate and timely action. Additional measures may be taken, if needed, to ensure that all issues raised by the reports are appropriately addressed.

25. Results from the detailed internal environmental monitoring program and mitigation actions for the construction phase will be submitted monthly to the PIC/POC, quarterly to TPMO, and bi-annually to TEPD. TEPD may request that further environmental mitigation actions be taken, as they deem necessary, and may determine further mitigation measures for different stages, if necessary.

26. Compliance Monitoring Reports. TEMS/DEMS authorized by TEPD will be responsible for environmental compliance monitoring and inspection according to the PRC environmental regulations during construction and operation. The compliance monitoring reports will include: (i) project background, (ii) construction and operation activities, (iii) environmental conditions, (iv)measurement or sampling taken during auditing and their locations, (v) analytical results, (vi) interpretation and implication of the monitoring results, (vii) determination of the compliance status with regard to applicable regulations and standards, and (viii) recommendations for improvement. These reports will be submitted to TEPD by DEMS/TEMS with a copy to TPMO.

Appendix 1 49

27. Project Completion Environmental Audit Reports. Project completion environmental audit report of the completion of each component will be prepared in accordance with the MEP Ministerial Guideline on Project Completion Environmental Audit (2001) within 3 months after completion. The report will focus on the Project compliance of environmental performance when it is put into the operation. The report will be sent to environmental authorities for review and approval. If non-compliance is found, the Project will be asked to be improved to the requirements before the official commencement of the operation.

28. Independent Environmental Monitoring Reports. The EA/TPMO has the responsibility to monitor and assess overall Project activities under the Project design and monitoring framework, and will be accountable to ADB for ensuring the effective implementation of the EMPs. The TPMO will be as part of the loan implementation consultancy recruited through international competitive bidding, to fulfill its environmental supervision, monitoring and reporting to the ADB. The environmental monitoring reports will be submitted to the ADB and EA/TPMO on a semi-annual basis. The reports will emphasize: (i) progress made in implementing the EMPs, (ii) implementation of mitigation measures, (iii) environmental compliance, (iv) institutional strengthening and training, (v) public consultations, and (vi) problems occurred and corrective actions taken. ADB may request that further environmental mitigation actions be taken, as they deem necessary, and may determine further mitigation measures for different stages, if necessary.

29. The environmental reporting plan is presented in Table 1.6.

Table 1.6: Environmental Reporting Plan

Reports From To Frequency Construction Phase Internal Internal monitoring report Contractors EMCC, PIC, Monthly Monitoring POC

Internal monitoring report EMCC TPMO, PIC, POC Quarterly

Compliance Compliance monitoring EMS TEPD As per the Monitoring report PRC regulation

Test Operation Project Project completion EMC TEPD, TPMO Once within 3 Completion environmental acceptance months of Environmental report Project Acceptance completion

Operation Phase

50 Appendix 1

Reports From To Frequency Internal Internal monitoring report EMCC TPMO, PIC, POC Quarterly for Monitoring the first 3 years of operation

Compliance Compliance monitoring EMS TEPD As per the Monitoring report PRC regulation Note: ADB = Asian Development Bank, EMC= Environmental Monitoring Station at provincial level, EMCC = environmental management company/consultant, EMS = Environmental Monitoring Station at district level, TEPD = Tianjin Environmental Protection Department, TPMO = Tianjin Project Management Office, PIC = project implementing company, POC = project operating company, PRC = People’s Republic of China.

H. Work Plan

30. Before construction, the TPMO and PIC will develop detailed responsibilities and requirements for contractors and will provide detailed cost estimates of mitigation measures and environmental monitoring in the construction contracts. The TPMO and PIC also will detail the responsibilities of their environmental management offices and prepare their work schedules.

31. Before operation, the PIC/POC will develop detailed work plans for environmental management and monitoring during operation based on the EMP. These work plans will be submitted to EPBs to help them to supervise implementation.

I. Cost Estimates for Environmental Management

32. The PIC with help from the TPMO will develop detailed plans for procurement of equipment and materials, and civil works for implementing mitigation measures and monitoring plans. These plans will be incorporated into Project contracts. Environmental considerations will be incorporated into the procurement to ensure environmentally responsive procurement.

33. Cost estimates for mitigation measures, environmental monitoring, public consultations, and capacity building are summarized in Table 1.7. The compliance monitoring costs will be borne by the PIC/POC as part of their implementation functions. Internal monitoring costs will be borne by the contractors and PIC/POC. Independent monitoring costs will be from the loan implementation consultancy budget. Before implementing a monitoring plan, responsible agencies will present a more detailed breakdown of the estimated budget. During Project implementation, the budgets will be adjusted based on actual requirements. Contractors will bear the costs for all mitigation measures during construction, which will be included in the tender and contract documents. The PIC will bear the costs related to mitigation measures during operation. Costs related to environmental supervision during

Appendix 1 51 construction and operation will be borne by the PIC/POC. Costs for capacity building will be borne by the Project as a whole. During the operation phase, the training costs will be included in the operation and maintenance budget.

Table 1.7: Cost Estimates for EMP

Incremental Investment Item (’000 RMB) Environmental Mitigation Measures Included in construction budgets Dredged Sediment for Land Reclamation Monitoring 800 Internal Environmental Monitoring Included in construction budgets Public Consultations 500 EIA + Environmental Management Consultancy 800 Environmental Management Training 500 2600 (this amount does not include the TOTAL budgets in the construction plans) Note: EIA = environmental impact assessment, EMP = environmental management plan.

J. Performance Indicator

34. Before the construction, performance indicators, targets, or acceptance criteria should be specified in EMP to describe the desired outcomes as measurable events. These indicators will be responsive to changes in Project design, such as a major change in Project location or route, or in technology, unforeseen events, and monitoring results. The performance indicators should be objective, specific, accurate, reliable, measurable (quantitative or qualitative), achievable, realistic, and easy to use and understand. The following performance indicators listed in the Table 1.8 are important to the Project for effective monitoring of the EMP implementation. The performance indicators will show how well the EMP is meeting its goals and objectives. Indicators could be numbers, facts, opinions or perceptions that measure the performance.

Table 1.8: Performance Indicators of the Project

Indicator Measurement Methods Measurement Management • The management system has been Yes NO system established before the construction. effectiveness • The responsibilities for each job post in the Yes NO Project have been well defined. • The public participation programs have been Yes NO implemented5.

Management • All of the work plans of the Project have been Yes NO system efficiency achieved on schedule/ or revised and approved schedule.

5 It can be proved by site visiting and surveys to confirm the public is aware of the programs.

52 Appendix 1

Indicator Measurement Methods Measurement

EMP • The fund from ADB has been used to support Yes NO measurements the EMP measurement according to the financial support financial plan. • The fund from TMG has been used to Yes NO support the EMP measurement according to the financial plan

GHG emission • The carbon dioxide equivalent per year for tons the aggregate emissions of direct sources and indirect sources has been calculated.

Recycling and • The recycling and reuse percentage of % reuse rate wastewater

Note: ADB = Asian Development Bank, TMG=Tianjin Municipal Government, EMP = environmental management plan

35. During the construction and operation of the Project, there might have negative impacts to the environment, mitigation measures will be taken into the Project. Performance indicators of these will measure: quality of wastewater discharged, groundwater, surface water, soil and air; noise and relevant public health indicators. Below is a list of possible indicators that measure the performance of the Project. The list in the Table 1.9 is not meant to be exhaustive but merely representative of indicators for evaluating the Project. Neither is it intended to be taken in its entirety.

Table 1.9: Performance Indicators of Mitigation Measures and Their Relevant Standard

Period Subcomponent Indicators Standard SS,COD, petroleum Class IV ,Marine Water Quality Standards (GB 3097-1997)

PCBs, pesticides, Based on the human health risk heavy metal assessment methods

Construction Overall Project Noise Class III, Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary (GB12348-2008).

TSP PM10 Grade II, Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996)

Operation WWTP pH, COD, BOD5, SS, Class IA, Discharge standard of

Appendix 1 53

Period Subcomponent Indicators Standard petroleum, TN, TP, pollutants for municipal wastewater

NH3-N, grease, fecal treatment plant(GB18918-2002) coliform

Sediment PCBs, pesticides, Class B, Standard of Soil Quality dredging heavy metal Assessment for Exhibition Sites (HJ350-2007)

Wetland/ NH3,H2S, Odor Grade II, Discharge Standard of WWTP Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant(GB18918-2002)

Breakwater Biodiversity in the “Shannon-Weaver” indicator marine

K. Mechanism for Feedback and Adjustment

36. Based on the inspection and monitoring reports, environmental authorities will decide whether: (i) further mitigation measures are required as corrective action, or (ii) some improvement is required to environmental management practices. If it is found during inspection that there has been substantial deviation from the EMP or any changes made to the Project or any components which may cause substantial adverse environmental impacts or increase the number of affected people, then TPMO should consult with environmental authorities and ADB immediately and form an environmental assessment team to conduct additional environmental assessment and, if necessary, further public consultation. The revised EIA reports including EMP should be submitted to the environmental authorities for approval, and finally report to ADB. The revised EMP will be passed to the contractor(s) and PIC/POC for implementation.

54 Appendix 1

Figure 1.1: Mechanism for Feedback and Adjustment

TMG ADB

TEPD TPMO

Consultants IA (DIs/EMCCs/EIA)

Public complaints

PIC/POC

EMC/EMS

Contractors (During Construction)

Implementation of Mitigation Measures, Monitoring Program and Public

Consultation Plan Reporting

Supervision

Documentation of EMP Implementation and Performance/Information Flow

Action

Public complaint

Response

ADB = Asian Development Bank, DI = design institute, EMCC = environmental management company/consultant, EMP = environmental management plan, IA=implementing agency TEPD = Tianjin Environmental Protection Department, EMC = Environmental Monitoring Center at provincial level, TPMO = Tianjin Project Management Office, EMS=environmental monitoring station at district level, TMG=Tianjin Municipal Government, PIC = project implementing company, POC = project operating company.