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The Lichen Family Hymeneliaceae in Tasmania, with the Description of a New Species

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The Lichen Family Hymeneliaceae in Tasmania, with the Description of a New Species THE LICHEN FAMILY HYMENELIACEAE IN TASMANIA, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES Gintaras Kantvilas Kantvilas, G., 2014. The lichen family Hymeneliaceae in Tasmania, with the description of a new species. Kanunnah 7: 127–140. ISSN 1832-536X. The family Hymeneliaceae in Tasmania comprises three species: the widespread Tremolecia atrata (Ach.) Hertel and Hymenelia lacustris (With.) M. Choisy, and Hymenelia gyalectoidea Kantvilas, a new endemic species described from alpine altitudes where it is confined almost exclusively to dolerite. All taxa are described and illustrated from Tasmanian collections. The enigmatic generic position of the new lichen is discussed. Gintaras Kantvilas, Tasmanian Herbarium, Box 5058, UTAS LPO, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia 7005. Email: [email protected] KEY WORDS: ascus, biodiversity, Eiglera, taxonomy, Hymenelia, Ionaspis, Tremolecia INTRODUCTION Ionaspis Th.Fr., Lobothallia (Clauzade & The family Hymeneliaceae is a small Cl. Roux) Hafellner, Melanolecia Hertel group of lichens, characterised chiefly and Tremolecia M.Choisy, and thus by a crustose thallus containing a subsumed the families Aspiciliaceae, green photobiont (either trebouxioid Eigleraceae and Tremoleciaceae within the or Trentepohlia), usually aspicilioid Hymeneliaceae. More recently, Lumbsch apothecia immersed in the thallus & Huhndorf (2010) included Aspicilia surface, and mostly weakly amyloid and Lobothallia in the Megasporaceae or non-amyloid asci containing eight, (see also Nordin et al. 2010) but retained simple, colourless ascospores. Many the other genera in the Hymeneliaceae. species have an attractive, bright orange Tremolecia is a monotypic genus that was thallus. The composition of the family re-instated by Hertel (1977) and is widely has varied over the years. Eriksson applied without controversy. Separation of (2006) included Aspicilia A.Massal., Hymenelia and Ionaspis on the other hand Eiglera Hafellner, Hymenelia Kremp., has been regarded as problematic (Lutzoni 127 KANUNNAH Gintaras Kantvilas & Brodo 1995) and depended in the past now placed in Hymenelia and those in chiefly on the photobiont: trebouxioid in Ionaspis. Nor, for that matter, was the the former and Trentepohlia in the latter. previous, photobiont-based arrangement Taxonomic treatments of these genera are much better. All taxa studied share an few and include the monograph of Ionaspis essentially identical ascus type and by Magnusson (1933) and various regional general morphology, whereas other accounts, for example Jørgensen (1989), details such as excipular structure, Galloway (2007), Owe-Larsson & Nordin morphology of the paraphyses and (2007) and Fletcher et al. (2009a, b). ascospore size vary across the whole Hafellner (1984) examined and complex. Lutzoni & Brodo (1995) stressed described the ascus structure of several the occurrence of epihymenial pigments, genera in the family, but the problem but these are also variable, within species, of generic delimitation was not tackled populations and specimens. Indeed in in depth until Lutzoni & Brodo (1995) this author’s experience, the distribution devised a new classification, based on new of pigments in many groups of lichens, typifications of the genera and cladistic for example, Megalaria and Mycoblastus, analysis of a broad suite of characters. is potentially fickle, even at species Thus Hymenelia is typified by H. prevostii level, and its application as a taxonomic [see discussion and lectotypification character needs to be approached with by Lutzoni & Brodo (1995)] whereas extreme caution (Kantvilas 2008, 2009). Ionaspis is typified by I. chrysophana (= I. Furthermore, pigmentation is often linked suaveolens) (Lutzoni & Brodo 1994, 1995). to other morphological, anatomical and In these authors’ concept, the photobiont ecological characters and thus specimens is a minor character, and the genera from exposed habitats may have more are separated chiefly by epihymenial intense pigmentation, a thicker thallus, pigments and their reaction in dilute and a more robust apothecial margin. HNO3 and KOH. Furthermore, Hymenelia In this paper, the three Tasmanian tends to have wider ascospores and a species of the family Hymeneliaceae are thicker hymenium, and, unlike Ionaspis, treated. In addition to the widespread includes many calcicolous and endolithic Tremolecia atrata, these include two species species. As a result of this work, many classified here in Hymenelia. Of these, one of the described species effectively is probably amongst the most common ‘swapped’ genera. Subsequently Lumbsch and conspicuous lichens found at alpine (1997) investigated the ontogeny of elevations, and is new to science. Due Eiglera and compared it with, amongst to the complexities discussed above, other taxa, that of Hymenelia and Ionaspis. I have elected to use the older generic Unfortunately, I have found aspects name Hymenelia for this species. Clearly of this new classification difficult to the problem of generic classification apply, and a brief survey of a wide in the Hymeneliaceae requires further range of herbarium material of many investigation and perhaps adopting a species did not, in my opinion, support conservative (or controversial position) in a clear distinction between those taxa this paper may hasten such a study. 128 The lichen family Hymeneliaceae in Tasmania KANUNNAH MATERIAL AND METHODS & Y. Rondon (A. Ve˘zda: Lich. Sel. Exsicc. 657) The study is based on collections of the (BM) [both as H. coerulea (DC.) A. Massal.]. author, housed in the Tasmanian Herbarium GERMANY: Lohbachgraben an der Kampen- (HO), and on comparative material in wand bei Aschau, vii.1895, Schnabl (BM). other herbaria, chiefly in London’s Natural History Museum (BM) and the National Hymenelia cyanocarpa (Anzi) Lutzoni. Herbarium of Victoria (MEL). Anatomical SWEDEN: in River Ljusnan, 62º41'N and morphological observations were 112º24'E, 8.viii.1994, R. Santesson 33669 undertaken using light microscopy, with (Lich. Sel. Exsicc. Upsal. 126) (BM); Limön thin hand-cut sections mounted in water, Island in Lake Långban, 59º50'N 14º17'E, 10% KOH, 50% HNO3, Lactophenol Cotton 14.viii.1984, L.-E. Muhr 7650 (Lich. Sel. Blue, ammoniacal erythrosin and Lugol’s Exsicc. Upsal. 7) (BM). Iodine, with and without pretreatment with KOH. Ascospore measurements are Hymenelia epulotica (Ach.) Lutzoni. based on at least 50 observations and are FRANCE: Provence, near Apt, 8.i.1965, G. presented in the format: 5th percentile– Clauzade (A. Ve˘zda: Lich. Sel. Exsicc. 337) average–95th percentile, with outlying (BM). UNITED KINGDOM: East Perth, Glen values given in parentheses. Chemical Shee, 7.vii.1964, P.W. James (BM). composition was investigated by thin-layer chromatography using standard methods Hymenelia heteromorpha (Kremp.) (Orange et al. 2001). Nomenclature of ascus Lutzoni. UNITED KINGDOM: Cumbria, types essentially follows Hafellner (1984). Westmorland, Great Dun Fell, above Knock, vi.1993, O.L. Gilbert & A.M. Fryday Selected comparative material (BM). SARDINIA: Monte Albo, 900 m alt., examined 25.vii. 1985, P.L. Nimis & J. Poelt (HO). Eiglera flavida (Hepp) Hafellner. SWEDEN: SE of Mt Skarsen, 62º44'N 12º17'E, Hymenelia prevostii (Duby) Kremp. 8.viii.1998, R. Santesson 32468 (Lich. Sel. UNITED KINGDOM: North Somerset, Ched dar Exsicc. Upsal. 57) (BM). SLOVAKIA: Velký Gorge, 11.iv.1981, P.W. James (BM). NORWAY: Stoh, 17.vi.1965, I. Pišút & A. Ve˘zda (A. near Mosterhavn, viii.1912, J.J. Havaas (J.J. Ve˘zda: Lich. Sel. Exsicc. 407) (BM). Havaas: Lich. Norv. Occid. 73) (BM). Hymenelia arctica (Lynge) Lutzoni. Hymenelia rhodopsis (Sommerf.) SWEDEN: in River Ljusnan, 62º41'N Lutzoni. SWEDEN: shore of Lake Älvlången, 112º24'E, 8.viii.1994, R. Santesson 33668 59º26'N 14º48'E, L.-E Muhr 13632 (Lich. (Lich. Sel. Exsicc. Upsaliensis 125) (BM). Sel. Exsicc. Upsal. 127) (BM). Hymenelia carnulosa (Arnold) Lutzoni Ionaspis ceracea (Arnold) Hafellner FRANCE: Naodabfall der Chaine de la Sainte & Turk. ITALY: (Anzi: Lich. rar. Langob. 76) Baume, Plan d’Aups, vi.1978, Y. Rondon (G (BM). GERMANY: Westl. Höhenwälder (M. Follman: Lich. Exsicc. Sel. 306) (BM); Sainte Britzelmayr: Lichenes Bavariae Exsiccati 381) Baume, 19.ix.1967, J. Asta, G. Cauzade, J.M. (BM). 129 KANUNNAH Gintaras Kantvilas Ionaspis chrysophana (Körb.) Th. Fr. TAXONOMY AUSTRIA: Bremmer, 11.viii.1871, F. Arnold 458 (BM); GERMANY: Sperrbache bei Hymenelia gyalectoidea Kantvilas Oberstdorf im Altgäu, 1859, Rehm (BM). sp. nov. UNITED KINGDOM: Cairngorm summit, Mycobank No. MB810701 6.viii.1968, P.W. James (BM). Species insignis, saxorum alpinorum Ionaspis (Hymenelia) lacustris (With.) apricorum incola, thallo ferrugineo, algas Lutzoni. U.S.A.: North Carolina, White chlorococcaleas continenti, apotheciis Water Gorge, W.L. Culberson & B. Nebel urceolatis vel gyalectoideis, 0.2–0.35 µm 10117 (BM). NORWAY: Hordaland, 1937, latis, ascis egregiis tholo amyloideo, et J.J. Havaas ( J.J. Havaas: Lich. Norv. Occid. ascosporis halonatis, hyalinis, 12–21 µm 169) (BM). UNITED KINGDOM: Mid Ebudes, longis, 7–14 µm latis designata. Tiree, SE Balephuil Bay, 10.iv.1983, P.W. James (BM); Lake District, Coniston, TYPE: Australia, Tasmania: Hartz Mtns, by Simons Nick, 29.iv.1984, O.W. Purvis near start of track to Arve Falls, 43°13’S (BM). IRELAND: Co. Galway, Connemara, 146°46'E, 790 m alt., on dolerite plates Doughruagh Mtns, H. Hertel 39600 (H. in subalpine heathland, 25 July 2007, G. Hertel: Lecideaceae Exsicc. 343) (HO). Kantvilas 280/07 (HO–holotype; BM, MSC–isotypes). Ionaspis odora (Ach.) Th.
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