HISTORY of ALCHEMY Textbook: Linden, Stanton J. 2003. The
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Mystical Practices of Alchemy
Mystical Practices of Alchemy The language of secret symbols has always hidden alchemy from the curiosity of the uninitiated. We still do not actually know alchemy’s true nature: for some it is the making of gold from other metals, for others – finding the elixir of immortality, and select groups throughout history have tried to accomplish complete transformation of the human body and soul. Royal art Alchemy is the mother of chemistry. It is in alchemical laboratories that for the first time scientists obtained sulfur, nitric and hydrochloric acid, saltpeter, lead, and many drugs. Medieval alchemists set very specific tasks. One of the European heads of alchemy, Rodger Bacon (13th century) wrote the following: “Alchemy is the science of how to prepare a compound or elixir, which, if added to base metals will transform them into sophisticated metals.” By transforming base metals into precious, alchemy challenges nature itself. Even though in Medieval Europe alchemy was practically illegal, many religious and secular people patronized it depending on hoping to get the “contemptible metal”. Not only did they patronize it, they actually practiced it themselves. Alchemy became a real “royal art”. Augustus II the Strong (1670-1733) whose claim of the Polish crown required significant resources transformed Dresden into the true capital of alchemy. For the purpose of filling the national treasury with gold, he brought the talented alchemist Johann Friedrich Böttger. To what extent did Böttger succeed in filling the treasury with gold, history remains silent. Alchemists in Europe were a lot, but the adepts – the ones who knew the secret of the Philosopher’s stone – were very few. -
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia: the Final Stage of European Alchemy
50 Bull. Hist. Chem., VOLUME 25, Number 1 (2000) DIE EDELGEBORNE JUNGFER ALCHYMIA: THE FINAL STAGE OF EUROPEAN ALCHEMY Vladimír Karpenko, Charles University, Czech Republic Introduction followed the Thirty Years War. German titles represent one third out of all alchemical books that appeared over The term “alchemy” encompasses a broad spectrum of the whole studied period (4). This is a witness of the activities that appeared in the Hellenistic world in the live interest paid to alchemy in Central Europe; the first centuries of our era and then, through Arabic me- majority of these books are still awaiting scholarly re- diation, reached Latin Europe by the mid 12thcentury. search. Out of numerous attempts to define this science, that Alchemical literature underwent gradual change, proposed by Sheppard (1) appears the most suitable be- being at the beginning often theoretical explanations of cause it includes the two main goals of alchemy: the the composition of matter and recipes for the prepara- enhancement of matter and the improvement of human tion of philosopher’s stone, elixirs, etc. Yet none of these existence. Concerning the former, it should be achieved miracles was effected; no true transmutation of metals by the transmutation of base metals into precious ones, succeeded. An example of the fate of alchemical claims while the second main direction strove for improvement to cure all illnesses was their failure during epidemics of humans by extending their life, the further stage of of plague that broke out in Europe by the mid 14th cen- which was seen as attaining a higher spiritual level. -
Alchemy Archive Reference
Alchemy Archive Reference 080 (MARC-21) 001 856 245 100 264a 264b 264c 337 008 520 561 037/541 500 700 506 506/357 005 082/084 521/526 (RDA) 2.3.2 19.2 2.8.2 2.8.4 2.8.6 3.19.2 6.11 7.10 5.6.1 22.3/5.6.2 4.3 7.3 5.4 5.4 4.5 Ownership and Date of Alternative Target UDC Nr Filename Title Author Place Publisher Date File Lang. Summary of the content Custodial Source Rev. Description Note Contributor Access Notes on Access Entry UDC-IG Audience History 000 SCIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE. ORGANIZATION. INFORMATION. DOCUMENTATION. LIBRARIANSHIP. INSTITUTIONS. PUBLICATIONS 000.000 Prolegomena. Fundamentals of knowledge and culture. Propaedeutics 001.000 Science and knowledge in general. Organization of intellectual work 001.100 Concepts of science Alchemyand knowledge 001.101 Knowledge 001.102 Information 001102000_UniversalDecimalClassification1961 Universal Decimal Classification 1961 pdf en A complete outline of the Universal Decimal Classification 1961, third edition 1 This third edition of the UDC is the last version (as far as I know) that still includes alchemy in Moreh 2018-06-04 R 1961 its index. It is a useful reference documents when it comes to the folder structure of the 001102000_UniversalDecimalClassification2017 Universal Decimal Classification 2017 pdf en The English version of the UDC Online is a complete standard edition of the scheme on the Web http://www.udcc.org 1 ThisArchive. is not an official document but something that was compiled from the UDC online. Moreh 2018-06-04 R 2017 with over 70,000 classes extended with more than 11,000 records of historical UDC data (cancelled numbers). -
PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance
Graduate School ETD Form 9 (Revised 12/07) PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation prepared By Angela C. Ghionea Entitled RECURRING THOUGHT PATTERNS AND RESURFACING ALCHEMICAL SYMBOLS IN EUROPEAN, HELLENISTIC, ARABIC, AND BYZANTINE ALCHEMY FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD Doctor of Philosophy For the degree of Is approved by the final examining committee: James R. Farr Chair Myrdene Anderson Anthony T. Grafton To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the Research Integrity and Copyright Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 20), this thesis/dissertation adheres to the provisions of Purdue University’s “Policy on Integrity in Research” and the use of copyrighted material. Approved by Major Professor(s): ____________________________________James R. Farr ____________________________________ Approved by: Douglas R. Hurt 04/16/2013 Head of the Graduate Program Date RECURRING THOUGHT PATTERNS AND RESURFACING ALCHEMICAL SYMBOLS IN EUROPEAN, HELLENISTIC, ARABIC, AND BYZANTINE ALCHEMY FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Angela Catalina Ghionea In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2013 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana UMI Number: 3591220 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI 3591220 Published by ProQuest LLC (2013). -
The Philosophers' Stone: Alchemical Imagination and the Soul's Logical
Duquesne University Duquesne Scholarship Collection Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fall 2014 The hiP losophers' Stone: Alchemical Imagination and the Soul's Logical Life Stanton Marlan Follow this and additional works at: https://dsc.duq.edu/etd Recommended Citation Marlan, S. (2014). The hiP losophers' Stone: Alchemical Imagination and the Soul's Logical Life (Doctoral dissertation, Duquesne University). Retrieved from https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/874 This Immediate Access is brought to you for free and open access by Duquesne Scholarship Collection. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Duquesne Scholarship Collection. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE PHILOSOPHERS’ STONE: ALCHEMICAL IMAGINATION AND THE SOUL’S LOGICAL LIFE A Dissertation Submitted to the McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts Duquesne University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Stanton Marlan December 2014 Copyright by Stanton Marlan 2014 THE PHILOSOPHERS’ STONE: ALCHEMICAL IMAGINATION AND THE SOUL’S LOGICAL LIFE By Stanton Marlan Approved November 20, 2014 ________________________________ ________________________________ Tom Rockmore, Ph.D. James Swindal, Ph.D. Distinguished Professor of Philosophy Professor of Philosophy Emeritus (Committee Member) (Committee Chair) ________________________________ Edward Casey, Ph.D. Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at Stony Brook University (Committee Member) ________________________________ ________________________________ James Swindal, Ph.D. Ronald Polansky, Ph.D. Dean, The McAnulty College and Chair, Department of Philosophy Graduate School of Liberal Arts Professor of Philosophy Professor of Philosophy iii ABSTRACT THE PHILOSOPHERS’ STONE: ALCHEMICAL IMAGINATION AND THE SOUL’S LOGICAL LIFE By Stanton Marlan December 2014 Dissertation supervised by Tom Rockmore, Ph.D. -
Dictionary of Alchemy Contents
Dictionary of Alchemy Contents Foreword ........................................................ 5 Air - Aristotle .............................................. 6 Calcination ................................................... 8 Dissolution ................................................... 10 Elements ........................................................12 Fermentation ................................................ 13 Gnosis ............................................................. 14 Hermaphrodite .............................................15 Iron ................................................................. 16 Jung .................................................................17 Kabbalah ........................................................ 18 Lead ................................................................. 19 Maat ................................................................ 20 Newton ........................................................... 22 The One ..........................................................23 Paracelsus ......................................................24 Queen .............................................................. 2 6 Rubedo ............................................................26 Salt .................................................................28 Thoth ..............................................................30 Venus .............................................................. 32 Water ..............................................................32 -
The Alchemy of Sexuality in Early Modern English Lyric Poetry Lisa Gay Jennings
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2015 The Alchemy of Sexuality in Early Modern English Lyric Poetry Lisa Gay Jennings Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES THE ALCHEMY OF SEXUALITY IN EARLY MODERN ENGLISH LYRIC POETRY By LISA GAY JENNINGS A Dissertation submitted to the Department of English in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2015 © 2015 Lisa Gay Jennings Lisa Gay Jennings defended this dissertation on February 4, 2015. The members of the supervisory committee were: Bruce Boehrer Professor Directing Dissertation Charles Upchurch University Representative Anne Coldiron Committee Member David Johnson Committee Member Daniel Vitkus Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii For my father, Dalrick Jennings, who never saw the end, but who always believed in my beginning. Death is just “a pageant to keep us in false gaze.” iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In Matthew 17 of the Gospels Jesus performs a miracle where he casts out a demon from a little boy. His disciples inspired and a little envious of this show of power demanded why they were not able to cast out the demon. Jesus responds, “Howbeit this kind goeth not out but by prayer and fasting.” This dissertation came about much in the same manner. It did not materialize out of a moment of envy or frenzied inspiration but by an excruciating amount of sweat, tears, hard work, and some amount of dare I say, blood. -
The Tri-Wizard Cup: Alchemy and Transformation in Harry Potter
Hobbs 1 The Tri-Wizard Cup: Alchemy and Transformation in Harry Potter By Priscilla Hobbs, M.A. J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series has taken the world en force. The series of seven books have found fanatic popularity in all corners of the world driven by a rich story structure and archetypal symbolism. Harry’s story follows the Campbellian model of the monomyth, which can be understood as an alchemical transformation of the hero from one state of being to another, typically into a stronger figure. Nestled in the middle of the series is an event that patterns this alchemical monomyth to reinforce the symbolism of Harry’s transformation: The Tri-Wizard Tournament. An analysis of the Tri-Wizard Tournament both within its own context and the context of the entire series reveals an understanding of the alchemical symbolism communicated to the readership, providing a model for our own transformation through the one Harry Potter provides. One of the amazing things about the Harry Potter series is that the stories are broad enough to respond to everyone’s projection. I have participated in conversations with diverse discussions that include the deeper meaning of the series and specific symbols, speculation on how the series would end (prior to the release of Deathly Hallows), and analysis of the fan interactions with the content that have arisen because of the books, including short stories, music, and crafts. Every presenter, reader, scholar, and fan projects something different into the series, Hobbs 2 and, therefore, pulls from them a variety of psychic resolutions. For example, fan fiction writers write alternative versions of the events, sometimes imagining themselves as an already established character or creating an avatar in a new character. -
BRIEF HISTORY of CHEMISTRY
BRIEF HISTORY of CHEMISTRY Modern chemistry is about 250 years old as a science (dates back to the end of 18th century) Ancient roots common trades: • mining and metalworking, making alloys • glass making • food processing (wine and beer fermentation, vinegar production) • soap making The word 'chemistry' comes from alchemy, but its origin is ambiguous: it may have arabic, greek or egyptian roots. Greek roots Democritus (460370 BC): philosopher atomic theory (atomism): ‚atomos' = indivisible • everything is composed of "atoms" • atoms are physically indivisible • there are different kinds of atoms, which differ in shape and size. Aristotle (384322 BC): philosopher and scientist fundamental elements and properties: Element Hot/Cold Wet/Dry Modern state of matter Earth Cold Dry Solid Water Cold Wet Liquid Air Hot Wet Gas Fire Hot Dry Plasma Aether divine substance of the heavenly spheres, stars and planets Middle Ages chemical medicine (or iatrochemistry) • seeks to provide chemical solutions to diseases and medical ailments (finding or making medicines) • physiological effects of certain substances Paracelsus (1493-1541) alchemy: Jabir ibn • set of practices including metallurgy, philosophy, Hayyan, astrology, astronomy, mysticism, medicine Geber (721-815) • quest for the philosopher's stone with which one can transform ordinary metals into gold • by performing experiments and recording the results, alchemists set the stage for modern chemistry • Roger Bacon (1214 – 1294), Nicolas Flamel (1340 – 1418), Tycho Brahe (1546–1601), Robert Boyle -
K Or T Á R S M Ű V É S Z E T I F O L Y Ó I R a T • B U Da P E
2013_ 1 Budapest • kortárs művészetifolyóirat ISSN 1216-8890 880 Ft b/2 •• borító tartalom Halász Péter Tamás: Monstrancia 2, 2012, objekt, (pc hulladék; hűtőbordák, alaplapok, stb.) n bicska, p etle en el ge y n „N é : lk s ü ó l” l — k i v M a g k y á a n b r i k e i t n e i v P o n a l 4 társ y: A adalm el at rg á e ta G la i k t ít é ó r m r á ű S v é s inside express z e t 4 • / 1 C i t FKSE_001 t a d e l l Schmied Andi: a r t 2 e . n r 27 m , 2013, installáció T e e d i l n e ä n r u e v n d zali Andre y Imre: A fa rc a: na l h a Im ol el T a T y g e o (t l t u ) 3 d / 6 e C 3 n 3 o s n / v o P y e B t ő e r H l i n u n o r : K ü l d ö m a k é p e m impresszum HU ISSN 1216-8890 Felelős kiadó: Hermann Péter Kiadja és terjeszti a Poligráf Könyvkiadó Levélcím: Balkon, Kállai Ernő Művészeti Alapítvány 2120 Dunakeszi, Keszthelyi István u. 5/a. 1024 Budapest, Fény u. 2. • [email protected] Telefon: +36 27 547 825 • Fax: +36 27 547 826 www.balkon.hu e-mail: [email protected] Főszerkesztő: Hajdu István • [email protected] Szerkesztők: Százados László • [email protected] Szipőcs Krisztina • [email protected] Grafikai terv: Eln Ferenc • [email protected] Fotó: Rosta József • [email protected] ztner Gáb bála: Kozm fis or or os P : A B z ai k rg l éz ik a ik 9 é z ö r S n a y u n v , o m s 2 z a k / 1 e S t t z - a u b n ó i v D e e r z z u s ő m : M / l P a ó g u r a i k a s l u f s e s á s t P í z l l é ü á t l i t e k r s g é jmán jövők sillag Na yi L k és ép / : A c ok m ás lé P se a zl em is e m 0 ó ír zk m ás : S o E n 2 S : s i a P l f s -
Embodied Knowledge and Extra-Verbal Culture Short Table Of
Embodied Knowledge and Extra-Verbal Culture Version: 20191229 Author Information: Dr. Andreas Goppold The contact information is a graphic to keep away spammers. This file is located on the www server of the author: http://www.noologie.de/embodied.htm http://www.noologie.de/embodied.pdf Short Table of Contents 1 Local Hyperlinks.................................................................................................................9 2 Abbreviations and Terms...................................................................................................10 3 Abstract..............................................................................................................................12 4 The Hypertext and Multimedia Techniques used..............................................................13 5 Embodied vs. Objective Knowledge.................................................................................15 6 Current Approaches to Embodied Knowledge..................................................................25 7 Materials on Anthropological Theory................................................................................61 8 Language: A Subtle Ethnocentrism?................................................................................122 9 The Deep Structures of Mythology.................................................................................127 10 Notes on Various Dynamic Traditions...........................................................................149 11 Comments on Ethnological Theory -
Theories of Cognition in the Later Middle Ages
Theories of cognition in the later Middle Ages ROBERT PASNAU St. Joseph's University q;.::.~ CAMBRIDGE - ::: UNIVERSITY PRESS PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, United Kingdom 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 10 Samford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia © Robert Pasnau 1997 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1997 Typeset in Palatino Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pasnau, Robert. Theories of cognition in the later Middle Ages / Robert Pasnau. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-521-58368-3 1. Knowledge, Theory of - History. 2. Cognition - History. 3. Philosophy, Medieval. 4. Thomas, Aquinas, Saint, 1225?-1274. 5. Olivi, Pierre Jean, 1248 or 9-1298. 6. William, of Ockham, ca. 1285-ca. 1349. 1. Title. B161.P37 1997 128'.2'0902 - dC20 96-36249 C1P A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library Transferred to digital printing 2003 Contents Preface page vii List of abbreviations x Introduction 1 1 The philosophical-historical context 4 2 Thomas Aquinas and the theory of species 11 3 Challenges to the theory 18 PART r: FUNDAMENTALS 1 Immateriality and intentionality 31 1 Cognition