Taxonomy and Nomenclature of the Pantherophis Obsoletus Complex
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Resource Selection by an Ectothermic Predator in a Dynamic Thermal Landscape
Received: 2 May 2017 | Revised: 16 August 2017 | Accepted: 17 August 2017 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3440 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Resource selection by an ectothermic predator in a dynamic thermal landscape Andrew D. George1 | Grant M. Connette2 | Frank R. Thompson III3 | John Faaborg1 1Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA Abstract 2Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Predicting the effects of global climate change on species interactions has remained Front Royal, VA, USA difficult because there is a spatiotemporal mismatch between regional climate models 3U.S.D.A. Forest Service Northern Research and microclimates experienced by organisms. We evaluated resource selection in a Station, Columbia, MO, USA predominant ectothermic predator using a modeling approach that permitted us to Correspondence assess the importance of habitat structure and local real- time air temperatures within Andrew D. George, Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS USA. the same modeling framework. We radio- tracked 53 western ratsnakes (Pantherophis Email: [email protected] obsoletus) from 2010 to 2013 in central Missouri, USA, at study sites where this spe- cies has previously been linked to prey population demographics. We used Bayesian discrete choice models within an information theoretic framework to evaluate the sea- sonal effects of fine- scale vegetation structure and thermal conditions on ratsnake resource selection. Ratsnake resource selection was influenced most by canopy cover, canopy cover heterogeneity, understory cover, and air temperature heterogeneity. Ratsnakes generally preferred habitats with greater canopy heterogeneity early in the active season, and greater temperature heterogeneity later in the season. This sea- sonal shift potentially reflects differences in resource requirements and thermoregula- tion behavior. -
Uperodon Systoma) on the Pondicherry University Campus, Puducherry, India
WWW.IRCF.ORG TABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES &IRCF AMPHIBIANS REPTILES • VOL &15, AMPHIBIANS NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 189 27(2):245–246 • AUG 2020 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURE ARTICLES Opportunistic. Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: Nocturnal Predation On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 by a. TheDiurnal Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus Snake: grenadensis) and Humans An on Grenada: Indian Ratsnake, A Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................Robert W. Henderson 198 PtyasRESEARCH mucosa ARTICLES (Linnaeus 1758), Preying on . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida Marbled ............................................. BalloonBrian J. Camposano, Frogs Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin ( M.Uperodon Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatoskysystoma 212 ) CONSERVATIONAvrajjal ALERT Ghosh1,2, Shweta Madgulkar2, and Krishnendu Banerjee2,3 . World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................. 220 1 School of Biological. More Sciences, Than Mammals National .............................................................................................................................. -
Introduction to Risk Assessments for Methods Used in Wildlife Damage Management
Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment for the Use of Wildlife Damage Management Methods by USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services Chapter I Introduction to Risk Assessments for Methods Used in Wildlife Damage Management MAY 2017 Introduction to Risk Assessments for Methods Used in Wildlife Damage Management EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services (WS) Program completed Risk Assessments for methods used in wildlife damage management in 1992 (USDA 1997). While those Risk Assessments are still valid, for the most part, the WS Program has expanded programs into different areas of wildlife management and wildlife damage management (WDM) such as work on airports, with feral swine and management of other invasive species, disease surveillance and control. Inherently, these programs have expanded the methods being used. Additionally, research has improved the effectiveness and selectiveness of methods being used and made new tools available. Thus, new methods and strategies will be analyzed in these risk assessments to cover the latest methods being used. The risk assements are being completed in Chapters and will be made available on a website, which can be regularly updated. Similar methods are combined into single risk assessments for efficiency; for example Chapter IV contains all foothold traps being used including standard foothold traps, pole traps, and foot cuffs. The Introduction to Risk Assessments is Chapter I and was completed to give an overall summary of the national WS Program. The methods being used and risks to target and nontarget species, people, pets, and the environment, and the issue of humanenss are discussed in this Chapter. From FY11 to FY15, WS had work tasks associated with 53 different methods being used. -
New Records of Pantherophis Guttatus (Squamata: Colubridae) in the State of Bahia, an Alien Species to Brazil
SALAMANDRA 50(4) 241–244 30 December 2014CorrespondenceISSN 0036–3375 Correspondence New records of Pantherophis guttatus (Squamata: Colubridae) in the state of Bahia, an alien species to Brazil Érica Fonseca1,2, Ricardo Marques1,2 & Moacir Santos Tinôco1,3 1) Universidade Católica do Salvador, SPPG-MPPA – Centro de Ecologia e Conservação Animal – ECOA. Avenida Prof. Pinto de Aguiar, 2589. CEP 41740-090. Pituaçu, Salvador, BA, Brazil 2) Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia. Rodovia Ilhéus–Itabuna, km 16, CP 110. CEP 45662-900. Ilhéus, BA, Brazil 3) University of Kent at Canterbury; DICE – Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology; School of Anthropology and Conservation. Marlowe Building, Kent, CT2 7NZ, UK Corresponding author: Érica Fonseca, e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript received: 7 September 2013 Accepted: 22 January 2014 by Dennis Rödder Introducing alien species to other habitats can lead to Herein we report on the detection of P. guttatus at different deleterious effects on economy, human health and local localities in the Brazilian state of Bahia. wildlife (Vasconcellos 2001, Sax et al. 2007, Dechoum We recorded two specimens of Pantherophis guttatus 2009). However, the impacts of alien snake species are in the state of Bahia. The first record was obtained during poorly known. Some native species suffer due to the in- a survey in the municipality of Camaçari (-12.766809° S, troduction of the Burmese pythons (Python bivittatus) to -38.187198° W) in 2001. The specimen was captured in a lo- Florida (Krysko et al. 2007, Engeman et al. 2011) and the cal grassland within the borders of a local protected area, introduction of the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) known as APA do Rio Capivara, at Arembepe, which lies that has long been affecting the populations of birds, mam- within an area of very high diversity in coastal Brazil – the mals, and lizards on the island of Guam (Pimentel et al. -
Pantherophis Gloydi Conant Eastern Fox Snake
Pantherophis gloydi Conant eastern fox snake State Distribution Photo by James H. Harding Best Survey Period Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Status: State threatened four main, isolated populations in southern Michigan, two in Monroe County along Lake Erie, one in St. Global and state rank: G5T3/S2 Clair County along Lake St. Clair, and one in Saginaw County associated with the Shiawassee River and its Family: Colubridae tributaries (Weatherby 1986). Range: The eastern fox snake resides entirely within Recognition: The eastern fox snake is boldly the Great Lakes basin. This species is restricted to the patterned with a row of large dark brown or black shoreline and near shore areas along southern Lake blotches down the middle of the back and smaller, Huron from Saginaw Bay, Michigan and Georgian Bay, alternating blotches on the sides on a yellowish Ontario south to the Detroit River and Lake St. Clair, to light brown background. The head varies in and along western Lake Erie from Monroe and Wayne color from yellow or light brown to reddish brown, counties in Michigan to Norfolk County, Ontario and usually with a dark band between the eyes, a band Erie County, Ohio (Harding 1997). Eastern fox snakes extending downward from the eye to the mouth, also have been documented from Pelee Island and and a band extending backwards from the eye to the some of the smaller islands in Lake Erie. The more corner of the mouth (Harding 1997). The underside common western subspecies (Elaphe vulpina vulpina) is yellowish with irregular rows of dark squarish occurs in the western Great Lakes basin from the spots. -
CDE Guidelines
South Carolina FFA Association State Wildlife Contest Purpose To foster a better understanding wildlife and natural resources systems, wildlife habitat management, and wildlife management principles in the South Carolina and throughout the United States. Eligibility This event is open to all chapters. Team members must be active, dues paid members. Please see General SC FFA CDE/LDE Guidelines for more information. Event Rules 1. A team will consist of four (4) members, with the lowest score being dropped 2. The use of any unauthorized electronic device (including but not limited to cell phones, tablets, laptop computers, smart watches, etc.) by contestants may be result in disqualification. 3. The use of any outside reference source (electronic or print) during the event is prohibited. 4. Students may not communicate with advisors or other students during this event, unless instructed otherwise (i.e. Team Activity). 5. Students should provide their own sharpened, No. 2 pencils and clean clipboards. 6. All participating members should dress appropriately for the weather and conditions. Event Format The SC FFA Wildlife CDE consists of the following: 1. Individual Activity – Each team member will complete the following activities individually. Team members are not allowed to collaborate with each other during any of these sections. a. Written Test i. Each contestant will complete a fifty (50) question, multiple choice written exam. This exam will be completed using a provided scantron form. ii. Written test questions will be prepared using the following resources: 1. MyCAERT a. Wildlife Management Units: WM:C, WM:D, WM:E, WM:F, WM:G, WM:H and WM:I 2. -
FEEDING OBSERVATION. the North American Rat Snake (P. Obsoletus) Is a Climber That Forages in Trees for Bird’S Nests and Squirrels (Ernst, & Ernst, 2003)
Natural History Notes PANTHEROPHIS OBSOLETUS OBSOLETUS (black rat snake): FEEDING OBSERVATION. The North American rat snake (P. obsoletus) is a climber that forages in trees for bird’s nests and squirrels (Ernst, & Ernst, 2003). Although predation on bird’s eggs is common (Ernst & Ernst, 2003), reports of simultaneous predation on a bird’s nest by two foraging P. obsoletus have not been reported. During a visit to Pennsylvania, United States in June 2013, a pair of P. obsoletus with estimated lengths of over 1 m were observed predating on nestlings of the American Robin, Turdus Figure 1. A pair of P. obsoletus predating on chicks migratorius (Harrison, 1975; Baicich, & of the American Robin T. migratorius in Port Mat- Harrison, 1997). The predation event is shown ilda, Pennsylvania, USA. in Fig. 1 and the location of the nest which was situated on the sill above the front door of a property on Kensington Drive, Port Matilda, State College, Pennsylvania (approximate co-ordinates: 40° 47′ 29″ N77° 51′ 31″ W) (is shown in Fig 2). The house was situated in an area with extensive open areas, dense deciduous woodland, network of small ponds and scrub areas and is typical rat snake habitat (Ernst & Ernst, 2003). The snakes were later removed to the surrounding woodland. Further observations of foraging P. obsoletus were observed within the grounds of the property on two additional occasions (12 and 17 June) but it is not known if these were the same individuals. Blouin- Demers and Weatherhead (2001) have suggested that forest clearing has increased the available Figure 2. -
A Guide to Missouri's Snakes
A GUIDE TO MISSOURI’S SNAKES MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION A Guide to Missouri’s Snakes by Jeffrey T. Briggler, herpetologist, and Tom R. Johnson, retired herpetologist, Missouri Department of Conservation Photographs by Jeffrey T. Briggler, Richard Daniel, Tom R. Johnson, and Jim Rathert Edited by Larry Archer Design by Susan Ferber Front cover: Eastern milksnake. Photo by Jim Rathert. mdc.mo.gov Copyright © 2017 by the Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri Published by the Missouri Department of Conservation PO Box 180, Jefferson City, Missouri 65102–0180 Equal opportunity to participate in and benefit from programs of the Missouri Depart- ment of Conservation is available to all individuals without regard to their race, color, religion, national origin, sex, ancestry, age, sexual orientation, veteran status, or disability. Questions should be directed to the Department of Conser- vation, PO Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102, 573-751-4115 (voice) or 800-735-2966 (TTY), or to Chief, Public Civil Rights, Office of Civil Rights, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20240. GET TO KNOW MISSOURI’S SNAKES Snakes have generated more fear and misunderstanding than any other group of animals. Psychologists have proven that a fear of snakes (called ophidiophobia) is acquired; we are not born with it. Once people learn some of the interesting facts about snakes and discover that most of them are harmless and beneficial, their aversion may diminish. With patience and understanding, almost anyone can overcome a dread of snakes and actually enjoy studying them. One thing is certain — even people with a well-developed fear of snakes are curious about them. -
Fish, Amphibian, Fungi, Mammal, Mollusk, Reptile FISH Common
Fish, Amphibian, Fungi, Mammal, Mollusk, Reptile FISH Cottonmouth-Agkistrodon piscivorus Common Carp-Cyprinus carpio Western Cottonmouth-Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma AMPHIBIAN Yellowbelly Racer-Coluber constrictor flaviventris Blanchard's Cricket Frog-Acris blanchardi Western Diamondback Rattlesnake-Crotalus atrox Cope's Gray Tree Frog-Hyla chrysoscelis Blotched Water Snake-Nerodia erythrogaster transversa Green Tree Frog-Hyla cinerea Western Rat Snake-Pantherophis obsoletus Gray Tree Frog-Hyla versicolor Rough Earthsnake-Virginia striatula Gulf Coast Toad-Incilius nebulifer Mediterranean House Gecko-Hemidactylus turcicus American Bullfrog-Lithobates catesbeianus Texas Spiny Lizard-Sceloporus olivaceus Southern Leopard Frog-Lithobates sphenocephalus Three-toed Box Turtle-Terrapene carolina triunguis Spotted Chorus Frog-Pseudacris clarkii Pond Slider-Trachemys scripta Cajun Chorus Frog-Pseudacris fouquettei Red-eared Slider-Trachemys scripta elegans Strecker's Chorus Frog-Pseudacris streckeri Eastern Spiny Softshell-Apalone spinifera Snapping Turtle-Chelydra serpentina ? (iNat has as animalia) Millipedes-Diplopoda FUNGI Gilled Mushrooms-Agaricales Jelly Ear-Auricularia auricula-judae Shelf Fungi-Polyporales Mushroom-Polyporus arcularius MAMMAL Coyote-Canis latrans Nine-banded Armadillo-Dasypus novemcinctus Bobcat-Lynx rufus Striped Skunk-Mephitis mephitis White-tailed Deer-Odocoileus virginianus Collared Peccary-Pecari tajacu Raccoon-Procyon lotor Fox Squirrel-Sciurus niger Wild Pig-Sus scrofa Eastern Cottontail-Sylvilagus floridanus Gray Fox-Urocyon cinereoargenteus MOLLUSK Milk Snail-Otala lactea Ramshorn Snails-Planorbidae southern flatcoil snail-Polygyra cereolus Prairie Rabdotus snail-Rabdotus mooreanus Decollate Snail-Rumina decollata ? (iNat has as protozoa) Dog Vomit Slime Mold-Fuligo septica REPTILE Copperhead-Agkistrodon contortrix Broad-banded Copperhead-Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus . -
Taxonomy and Nomenclature of the Pantherophis Obsoletus Complex Hillis, David M.; Wüster, Wolfgang Herpetological Review
Taxonomy and nomenclature of the Pantherophis obsoletus complex ANGOR UNIVERSITY Hillis, David M.; Wüster, Wolfgang Herpetological Review PRIFYSGOL BANGOR / B Published: 09/03/2021 Peer reviewed version Cyswllt i'r cyhoeddiad / Link to publication Dyfyniad o'r fersiwn a gyhoeddwyd / Citation for published version (APA): Hillis, D. M., & Wüster, W. (2021). Taxonomy and nomenclature of the Pantherophis obsoletus complex. Herpetological Review, 52(1), 51-52. Hawliau Cyffredinol / General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. 01. Oct. 2021 Taxonomy and Nomenclature of the Pantherophis obsoletus complex DAVID M. HILLIS Department of Integrative Biology, and Biodiversity Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA e-mail: [email protected] and WOLFGANG WÜSTER Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, Wales, UK e-mail: [email protected] In 1836, John Holbrook (1836) described and distinguished Coluber alleghaniensis and Coluber quadrivittatus of the eastern United States, both of which he considered distinct from the previously described Coluber obsoletus found to the west. -
6134.0200 ANIMAL SPECIES. Subpart 1. Mammals. the Following Species of Mammals Are Designated As: A
1 REVISOR 6134.0200 6134.0200 ANIMAL SPECIES. Subpart 1. Mammals. The following species of mammals are designated as: A. Endangered: none. B. Threatened: (1) Spilogale putorius, eastern spotted skunk; and (2) Thomomys talpoides, northern pocket gopher. C. Of special concern: (1) Alces americanus, moose; (2) Cervus canadensis, elk; (3) Cryptotis parva, North American least shrew; (4) Eptesicus fuscus, big brown bat; (5) Lynx canadensis, Canada lynx; (6) Microtus ochrogaster, prairie vole; (7) Microtus pinetorum, woodland vole; (8) Mustela nivalis, least weasel; (9) Myotis lucifugus, little brown myotis; (10) Myotis septentrionalis, northern myotis; (11) Onychomys leucogaster, northern grasshopper mouse; (12) Perimyotis subflavus, tri-colored bat; (13) Perognathus flavescens, plains pocket mouse; (14) Phenacomys ungava, eastern heather vole; (15) Puma concolor, mountain lion; (16) Reithrodontomys megalotis, western harvest mouse; (17) Sorex fumeus, smoky shrew; (18) Synaptomys borealis, northern bog lemming; and (19) Urocitellus richardsonii, Richardson's ground squirrel. Subp. 2. Birds. The following species of birds are designated as: A. Endangered: (1) Ammodramus bairdii, Baird's sparrow; Copyright ©2013 by the Revisor of Statutes, State of Minnesota. All Rights Reserved. 2 REVISOR 6134.0200 (2) Ammodramus henslowii, Henslow's sparrow; (3) Anthus spragueii, Sprague's pipit; (4) Athene cunicularia, burrowing owl; (5) Calcarius ornatus, chestnut-collared longspur; (6) Charadrius melodus, piping plover; (7) Lanius ludovicianus, loggerhead -
Black Rat Snake Class: Reptilia
Pantherophis obsoletus Black Rat Snake Class: Reptilia. Order: Squamata. Family: Colubridae. Other names: western rat snake, pilot black snake, or simply black snake Physical Description: Juvenile black rat snakes are heavily blotched with patches of brown, grey and black. As they mature their coloration gradually darkens and maintains a white chin and throat. There can be remnants of the blotchy pattern maintained in the adult’s coloration. The black rat snake is Ohio’s largest snake and can reach 42-72 inches (four to five feet) in length. A record of 8.5 feet in length has been recorded! The black rat snake is a member of the family of harmless snakes, or Colubridae. This is the largest order of snakes, representing two-thirds of all known snake species. Members of this family are found on all continents except Antarctica, widespread from the Arctic Circle to the southern tips of South America and Africa. All but a handful of species are harmless snakes, not having venom or the ability to deliver toxic saliva through fangs. Most harmless snakes subdue their prey through constriction, striking and seizing small rodents, birds or amphibians and quickly wrapping their body around the prey causing suffocation. While other small species such as the common garter snake lack powers to constrict and feed on only small prey it can overpower. Harmless snakes range in size from 5 inches to nearly 12 feet in length. The largest American species of snake is the indigo snake, a member of this family. It can grow to 11 feet as an adult! Diet in the Wild: Primarily feeds on a wide variety of rodents and birds, as well as their eggs.