DOCSLIB.ORG

Official Journal of the European Union 8.10.2003 L 255/33 COMMISSION

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Official Journal of the European Union 8.10.2003 L 255/33 COMMISSION 8.10.2003 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 255/33 COMMISSION DECISION of 30 October 2002 relating to a proceeding pursuant to Article 81 of the EC Treaty and Article 53 of the EEA Agreement (COMP/35.587 PO Video Games, COMP/35.706 PO Nintendo Distribution and COMP/36.321 Omega — Nintendo) (notified under document number C(2002) 4072) (Only the English, Portuguese, Greek, German, Italian, and Swedish texts are authentic) (Text with EEA relevance) (2003/675/EC) THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 1. THE FACTS Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Commu- nity, 1.1. The parties to the proceeding (1) The parties will be referred to as follows in the present Having regard to the Agreement on the European Economic decision: in the factual part the authors of the infringe- Area, ment will be mentioned. In the legal assessment, refer- ence will be made to the actual addressees of this Decision. Having regard to Council Regulation No 17 of 6 February 1962, First Regulation implementing Articles 85 and 86 of the Treaty (1), as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 (2) and in particular Articles 3 and 15(2) thereof, 1.1.1. The Nintendo group of companies Having regard to the complaint lodged by Omega Electro BV (2) The ultimate parent company of the Nintendo group of on 28 November 1996, alleging infringement of Articles 81 companies is Nintendo Corporation Ltd (NCL), a listed and 82 of the Treaty by Nintendo Netherlands BV and company established in Kyoto, Japan. Nintendo's busi- Nintendo UK Ltd and requesting the Commission to put an ness in the EEA is conducted by the following wholly- end to that infringement and to impose a fine, owned (5) subsidiaries: — Having regard to the Commission Decision of 25 April 2000 Nintendo of Europe GmbH (NOE). NOE is Ninten- to initiate proceedings in this case, do's main EEA-based subsidiary. It coordinated certain business practices of Nintendo in Europe and was the exclusive distributor for Germany, at least from January 1991 (6) until 31 December 1997, Having given the undertakings concerned the opportunity to make known their views on the objections raised by the Commission in accordance with Article 19(1) of Regulation — Nintendo of America Inc (NOA), although not itself No 17 and with Commission Regulation (EC) No 2842/98 of distributing Nintendo's products in the EEA, was also 22 December 1998 on the hearing of parties in certain responsible for the coordination of certain of proceedings under Articles 85 and 86 of the EC Treaty (3), Nintendo's business practices in Europe during the period relevant for this Decision, Having regard to the final report of the Hearing Officer in this — case (4), Nintendo Netherlands BV (NN). NN was the exclu- sive distributor for the Netherlands, at least from 1 January 1993 (7) until 31 December 1997. This company is currently called Nintendo Benelux BV, After consulting the Advisory Committee on Restrictive Prac- tices and Dominant Positions, — Nintendo France SARL (NF). NF was the exclusive distributor for France, at least from 31 December WHEREAS: 1992 (8) until 31 December 1997, (1) OJ 13, 21.2.1962, p. 204/62. (5) See column 1(b) on pages 132 to 136 of the Commission's file. (2) OJ L 1, 4.1.2003, p. 1. (6) Page 415. (3) OJ L 354, 30.12.1998, p. 18. (7) Page 2667. (4) OJ C 241, 8.10.2003. (8) Page 2216. L 255/34 EN Official Journal of the European Union 8.10.2003 — Nintendo España SA (NE). NE was the exclusive Hellas EPE is, ultimately, a wholly-owned subsidiary of distributor for Spain, at least from 1 January Itochu Corporation (hereafter referred to Itochu). Itochu 1994 ( 9) until 31 December 1997, Corporation is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. — Nintendo Belgium SPRL (NB) was the exclusive distributor for Belgium and Luxembourg, from at (10) Nortec AE (hereafter referred as to Nortec) was Ninten- least 1 January 1994 until April 1997 (10), do's exclusive distributor for Greece subsequent to Itochu from at least 4 April 1997 until 31 December 1997 ( 16); — Nintendo UK Ltd (NUK) was the exclusive distributor for the United Kingdom and Ireland from at least 11 March 1993 until 4 August 1995 ( ). (11) CD-Contact Data GmbH was Nintendo's exclusive distri- butor for Belgium and Luxembourg from at least ‘ ’ April 1997 until 31 December 1997. For this purpose, (3) The term Nintendo may refer to any or all of those it founded a wholly-owned subsidiary, Contact Data companies in the Nintendo group. Belgium NV, for distributing the products in this terri- tory (17) (referred to hereafter as Contact). 1.1.2. The independent Nintendo distributors (12) On 29 September 1998, Activision Inc, a company established under the laws of the Stare of Delaware (4) In other territories, Nintendo had appointed indepen- (USA), gained control over CD-Contact Data GmbH by dent exclusive distributors. purchasing all its shares. (5) THE Games Ltd, a trading division of John Menzies (13) Subsequently, on 9 June 1999, CD-Contact Data GmbH Distribution Limited, which is a wholly-owned founded a wholly-owned subsidiary, CD Contact data BV subsidiary of John Menzies plc, was appointed in established in the Netherlands. All shares in Contact August 1995 as independent exclusive distributor for Data Belgium NV, previously held by CD-Contact Data the United Kingdom and Ireland, after NUK ceased GmbH, were then transferred to this newly founded performing this function (together referred to hereafter company. CD-Contact Data GmbH continues to exist as as THE). THE remained Nintendo's exclusive distributor a holding company (18). for this territory until at least 31 December 1997. (6) Chaves Feist & Cia LDA, later called Soc. Rep. Concentra 1.1.3. Omega LDA and, since September 2001, Concentra — Produtos para crianças SA (hereafter referred to as Concentra) was Nintendo's exclusive distributor for Portugal, at least ‘ ’ from 14 May 1991 until 31 December 1997 (12); (14) Omega Electro BV (hereafter referred to as Omega )isa company established in the Netherlands that is active in the import and sale of electronic games. On (7) Linea GIG SpA (hereafter referred to as Linea) was 26 November 1996, it lodged a complaint under Nintendo's exclusive distributor for Italy, at least from Article 3(2)(b) of Regulation No 17 that primarily 1 October 1992 (13) until 31 December 1997. concerned the distribution of Nintendo game cartridges and consoles and contained a variety of allegations, inter alia, the hindrance by Nintendo of parallel trade and its (8) Bergsala AB (hereafter referred to as Bergsala) has been operation of a resale price maintenance policy in the Nintendo's exclusive distributor for Sweden since 1981 Netherlands. and, since 1986, also for Denmark, Norway, Finland and Iceland (14). 1.2. Relevant product markets (9) Itochu Hellas EPE (in correspondence often referred to as Itochu Hellas Ltd) was Nintendo's exclusive distri- butor for Greece at least from 14 May 1991 until (15) This case relates to game consoles and video games or February 1997. All shares in Itochu Hellas EPE were game cartridges, which allow users to play games always held by Itochu Corporation or wholly-owned displayed on a screen. subsidiaries of Itochu Corporation (15). Thus, Itochu (16) Page 2595, 1622 to 1624. (9) Page 136. (17) Pages 138 to 153. CD-Contact GmbH is 100 % owned by Contact (10) Page 132. Vermögensverwaltung GmbH The latter company and Contact (11) Pages 426, 313 and 279A. Belgium NV had identical owners and board of directors. Contact (12) Page 244, letter of Concentra dated 17 September 2002. Data Belgium was created by CD-Contact Data GmbH on 27 March (13) Page 200. 1997. (pages 2531 to 2535 and 2618). That Contact Data Belgium (14) See Bergsala's reply to the statement of objections. BV was a wholly-owned subsidiary of CD-Contact Data GmbH also (15) Itochu's reply to the statement of objections, paragraph 10. See also appears from Contact's submission of 19 November 2001. Itochu submission of 26 November 2001. (18) Contact's submission of 19 November 2001. 8.10.2003 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 255/35 (16) In the correspondence of the parties the term ‘hardware’ is often used as a synonym for ‘game console’. In this Nintendo Sega Sony Decision, the term ‘game console’ is used systematically, except for direct quotations. Similarly, in the correspon- Static 64-bit Nintendo None None dence of the parties the term ‘software’ is often used as console 64 a synonym for ‘game cartridge’. In this Decision, the term ‘game cartridge’ is used systematically, except for direct quotations. 1.2.1.1. Personal computers and game consoles (17) During the period of the infringement, Nintendo arenotsubstitutableproducts produced various types of game consoles (see table 1 below) and game cartridges for use with these game consoles. Collectively, they are referred to hereinafter as ‘ ’ 19 the products ( ). Demand side (19) Like game consoles, personal computers (PCs) allow 1.2.1. The game consoles games to be played. However, a PC cannot be regarded as a substitute for either a static or a hand-held game console for the following reasons. (18) Game consoles are electronic devices dedicated to and specifically designed for playing video games. The user interface is a simple pad or a control, such as a ‘joy (20) PCs and game consoles are intended to fulfil different stick’, which allows the user to control the movements consumer needs: of the characters on the screen.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Evolution of Nintendo Company
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by SJSU ScholarWorks San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks ART 108: Introduction to Games Studies Art and Art History & Design Departments Spring 2018 The volutE ion of Nintendo Company Yaochen Wei San Jose State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/art108 Part of the Computer Sciences Commons, Game Design Commons, Other Business Commons, and the Technology and Innovation Commons Recommended Citation Yaochen Wei. "The vE olution of Nintendo Company" ART 108: Introduction to Games Studies (2018). This Final Class Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Art and Art History & Design Departments at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in ART 108: Introduction to Games Studies by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Yaochen Wei Yaochen Wei The Evolution of Nintendo Company Introduction Mario, Pokémon, and The Legend of Zelda; these are some of the most popular and successful video game franchises in the world, and they also happen to have been developed by the same company: Nintendo. Nintendo’s growth from humble beginnings to a global consumer electronics and video game giant is nothing short of remarkable. According to Nintendo UK (1), since it released the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1983, the company has sold over 4.6 billion electronic games and about three-quarter of a billion – 725 million – consoles worldwide. Some of its most commercially successful hardware units comprise Nintendo Switch and the Nintendo 3DS line of systems, part of which includes Nintendo DSi, Super NES, Wii, New Nintendo 3DS, Nintendo 2DS, Nintendo DSi XL, New Nintendo 3DS XL, Nintendo 64, Nintendo 3DS, Nintendo DS, Wii U, Nintendo 3DS XL, Nintendo GameCube, Game Boy, and Game Boy Advance.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete-Famicom-Game-List.Pdf
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Ultimate Famicom Software Guide -- version 1.0 -- Created by fcgamer, fcgamer26 [at] gmail [dot] com https://fcgamer.wordpress.com --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INTRODUCTION / AUTHOR'S NOTE: When I first started collecting Famicom games, over three years ago, I had decided to chase after a complete set of the unlicensed software developed for the Famicom. I chose this goal partially because of my location, but also because it was a collection that few people had ever bothered to collect. Aside from a few deleted webpages available through archive.org and the incomplete sources at Famicom World and BootlegGames Wiki, there just wasn't much to go on. Hundreds of hours of searching through auctions around the globe, chatting with other collectors, and just going out and tracking down this obscure corner of Famicom collecting, and I had ended up compiling my own personal list to help aid with my own collecting goals. Since those modest times, the scope of my personal collection has evolved into collecting everything Famicom, from Russian translations to educational cartridges, to official game packs and promos as well. As such, the documents which I use to keep track of my collection / game wants also evolved, and I felt it was time to compile it into a more user-friendly document. Likewise, I would like to offer this document as a gift to all of my collecting buddies out there, who have helped sell / trade / gift me so many carts over the past three years. My collection wouldn't be where it is today without you guys, and without all of the interesting discussions about Famicom, I probably would have also lost interest by now if I were to go at it truly solo.
    [Show full text]
  • When Was the Nintendo Wii Released
    When Was The Nintendo Wii Released Fiberless Felice extravagates highly and sequentially, she save her navigability necks unsympathetically. Is Nealon vindictive when Barry unfreed contemptibly? Man-to-man and irreversible Obadiah rubberise her lobbyist unwrinkle while Leonardo cha-cha some ouabain slam-bang. New Wii Hardware Revision Drops GameCube Support. Mulana is going to a short supply of the snes used in my older sister, was when the nintendo wii. Caleb troughton licensed under travel rules, was when the nintendo wii released in the day one. Nintendo's Wii U off to sold-out start USA Today. Super Mario Odyssey was the trump-selling game save the Nintendo Switch with 907 million copies sold since earth was released in October. Been releasing their Just Dance games on the oven ever since. The Final Wii Game show Been Revealed Game Rant. Wii U Sell Prices What you mean expect to sell for mainland of 121620 Selling a Wii U Expect just get between 17 and 121 depending on model and condition. Nintendo Releases the Wii World of Project. It plays video games made rich the Nintendo Wii and the Nintendo GameCube The last paid to be released on the Wii was Just Dance 2020 which was. How much warmth I sell my Wii for 2020? Who still uses the Wii Quora. The sd card memory for the wii was released in rigidity movement in japan on the catacombs of. How weird would gamestop offer me however my Wii Nintendo Wii. How man do Pawn Shops Pay for Wii For exercise of 2020 the average Wii pawn value is 14 The maximum offer have on a Wii was 40.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Trade Dress to Protect the Look and Feel of Video Games
    THE JOHN MARSHALL REVIEW OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW TRYING ON TRADE DRESS: USING TRADE DRESS TO PROTECT THE LOOK AND FEEL OF VIDEO GAMES BENJAMIN C.R. LOCKYER ABSTRACT With the creation of video games for smart phones, video games are some of the most accessible forms of entertainment on the market. What was once only an attraction inside the designated location of arcade halls, is now within the grip of nearly every smart phone user. With new game apps for smart phones going viral on a regular basis, the video game industry has become one of the most profitable in the entertainment realm. However, the industry's overall success has also led to increased competition amongst game developers. As a result, competing developers create near exact copies of highly successful video games called clones. By copying non-copyrightable elements, clone developers can create confusingly similar video games. This comment examines the creation of clone video games and how their developers avoid copyright infringement by exploiting scènes à faire and the merger doctrine. The exploitation of copyright law for video game developers could be combated by trademark law. By using the Lanham Act's protection for trade dress, non-copyrightable elements that identify popular games may be protected. By seeking trade dress protection against clones, game developers can sustain the value of their investment in gaming apps, while also minimizing the issue of consumer confusion. Copyright © 2017 The John Marshall Law School Cite as Benjamin C.R. Lockyer, Trying on Trade Dress: Using Trade Dress to Protect the Look and Feel of Video Games, 17 J.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Nintendo: the Company, Consoles and Games
    San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks ART 108: Introduction to Games Studies Art and Art History & Design Departments Fall 12-2020 The History of Nintendo: the Company, Consoles And Games Laurie Takeda San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/art108 Part of the Computer Sciences Commons, and the Game Design Commons Recommended Citation Laurie Takeda. "The History of Nintendo: the Company, Consoles And Games" ART 108: Introduction to Games Studies (2020). This Final Class Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Art and Art History & Design Departments at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in ART 108: Introduction to Games Studies by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The history of Nintendo: the company, consoles and games Introduction A handful of the most popular video games from Mario to The Legend of Zelda, and video game consoles from the Nintendo Entertainment System to the Nintendo Switch, were all created and developed by the same company. That company is Nintendo. From its beginning, Nintendo was not a video gaming company. Since the company’s first launch of the Nintendo Entertainment System, or NES, to the present day of the latest release of the Nintendo Switch from 2017, they have sold over 5 billion video games and over 779 million hardware units globally, according to Nintendo UK (Nintendo UK). As Nintendo continues to release new video games and consoles, they have become one of the top gaming companies, competing alongside Sony and Microsoft.
    [Show full text]
  • Nintendo Nintendo Eshop Super-Stable 3D User Manual
    [0516-UKV-M2] Preparations Software Using Settings System Adjusting Troubleshooting Operations Manual Thank you for purchasing this system. Please read this Operations Manual before use, paying careful attention to the Health and Safety Information section on p. 9, and follow all the instructions carefully. Adults should supervise the use of this product by children. Note: • See p. 2 for a complete list of items included with the system. UK and Ireland: In this manual, the term “Nintendo 3DS system” refers to all systems in the Nintendo 3DS™ family, which includes Nintendo UK • PO Box 4678, Windsor, SL4 9DZ New Nintendo 3DS™, New Nintendo 3DS XL, Nintendo 3DS, Nintendo 3DS XL and Nintendo 2DS™. www.nintendo.co.uk • In this manual, the term “New Nintendo 3DS system” also refers to the New Nintendo 3DS XL system, unless other- South Africa: Nintendo Service Centre wise stated. The iStore Building, No.1 Sandton Drive • In this manual, the term “Nintendo DSi™ system” also refers to the Nintendo DSi XL system. Sandton, 2146 Telephone: +27 (0) 11 390 7002 E-mail: [email protected] Photographs and illustrations in this manual generally show the New Nintendo 3DS system. MAA-KTR-S-UKV-C3 Nintendo may change product specifications and update the manual from time to time. The latest version of the manual is available at http://docs.nintendo-europe.com. (This service may not be available in some countries.) [0612/UKV/HW] T his seal is your assurance that Nintendo has reviewed this product and that it has met our standards for excellence in workmanship, reliability and entertainment value.
    [Show full text]
  • Operations Manual Using Software Adjusting System Settings
    [0516-UKV-M2] Preparations Operations Manual Software Using Adjusting System Settings System Adjusting Thank you for purchasing this system. Please read this Operations Manual before use, paying careful attention to the Health and Safety Information section on p. 9, and follow all the instructions carefully. Adults should supervise the use of this product by children. Note: See p. 2 for a complete list of items included with the system. • Troubleshooting UK and Ireland: In this manual, the term “Nintendo 3DS system” refers to all systems in the Nintendo 3DS™ family, which includes Nintendo UK • PO Box 4678, Windsor, SL4 9DZ New Nintendo 3DS™, New Nintendo 3DS XL, Nintendo 3DS, Nintendo 3DS XL and Nintendo 2DS™. www.nintendo.co.uk • In this manual, the term “New Nintendo 3DS system” also refers to the New Nintendo 3DS XL system, unless other- South Africa: Nintendo Service Centre wise stated. The iStore Building, No.1 Sandton Drive • In this manual, the term “Nintendo DSi™ system” also refers to the Nintendo DSi XL system. Sandton, 2146 Telephone: +27 (0) 11 390 7002 E-mail: [email protected] Photographs and illustrations in this manual generally show the New Nintendo 3DS system. MAA-KTR-S-UKV-C3 Nintendo may change product specifications and update the manual from time to time. The latest version of the manual is available at http://docs.nintendo-europe.com. (This service may not be available in some countries.) [0612/UKV/HW] T his seal is your assurance that Nintendo has reviewed this product and that it has met our standards for excellence in workmanship, reliability and entertainment value.
    [Show full text]
  • Operations Manual Using Software Adjusting System Settings
    Preparations Operations Manual SoftwareUsing Adjusting System Settings System Adjusting UK and Ireland: Nintendo UK PO Box 952, Portsmouth, PO6 9DY Troubleshooting www.nintendo.co.uk Please read this Operations Manual, including the Health and Safety Information section (pages 10 to 19), South Africa: before use and follow all the instructions carefully. If this product is to be used by young children, this manual Nintendo Service Centre should be read and explained to them by an adult. Please keep this manual for future reference. Core Warehouse, Block E, Wingfield Park Note: See page 4 for a complete list of items included with the system. Geertsema Street, Jet Park 1459 Telephone: +27 11 390 7002 E-mail: [email protected] MAA-SPR-S-UKV-C4 [1110/UKV/CTR-HW] This seal is your assurance that Nintendo has reviewed this product and that it has met our standards for excellence in workmanship, reliability and entertainment value. Always look for this seal when buying games and accessories to ensure complete compatibility with your Nintendo Product. Thank you for selecting the Nintendo 3DS™ XL system. Nintendo may automatically update your Nintendo 3DS XL system from time to time, so the information provided in this manual may become outdated. The latest version of the manual is available at http://docs.nintendo-europe.com. (This service may not be available in some countries.) Trademarks are property of their respective owners. Nintendo 3DS is a trademark of Nintendo. © 2012 Nintendo Co., Ltd. Thank you for purchasing the Nintendo 3DS™ XL system. Please read this Operations Manual before use, paying careful attention to the Health and Safety Information section on pages 10 – 19, and follow all the instructions carefully.
    [Show full text]
  • Super Smash Bros. Ultimate: Fighting to the Top of the Industry
    Super Smash Bros. Ultimate: Fighting to the Top of the Industry 1 Table of Contents Abstract 3 Behind the Brand 3 Who is Nintendo? 3 What is Super Smash Bros ? 4 What’s so“Ultimate?” 4 Understanding fan demands 4 How it was named 4 Who they wanted to reach 5 What they wanted to accomplish 5 What they wanted to say 5 A 360-Degree Approach 6 Video press conferences 6 Social media support 7 The Super Smash Bros Blog 7 Traditional advertising 8 Taking the fight to the field 8 Giving the gift of games 9 The “Ultimate” conversation starter 9 Addressing a stereotype 9 The Game of Making History 11 A historic best-seller 11 Media reach 11 A decorated title 11 Appendix 12 References 13 Fighting to the Top of the Industry Abstract To make a splash in a saturated market, video game companies need to go above and beyond their competitors’ and their own previous work. For the most recent installment of the game franchise Super Smash Bros , Japanese video game com- pany Nintendo aimed to do just that with the conception and release of Super Smash Bros Ultimate. Based on findings from a worldwide fan feedback survey, Nintendo created Ultimate with players’ desires in mind. To strengthen the game’s launch on December 7, 2018, Nintendo conducted a 360-degree inte- grated marketing campaign, utilizing all available platforms, from video press conferences to media pitches to event tours. Behind the Brand Who is Nintendo? Nintendo was initially launched by Fusajiro Yamauchi, a crafter and business- man, in Kyoto on September 23, 1889 (“History of Nintendo,” 2019).
    [Show full text]
  • New Trailer Gives an In-Depth Look at Mario Kart Live: Home Circuit for Nintendo Switch
    NEW TRAILER GIVES AN IN-DEPTH LOOK AT MARIO KART LIVE: HOME CIRCUIT FOR NINTENDO SWITCH Ready, set-up, go! Bring the frenetic action of Mario Kart to life in the real world when Mario Kart Live: Home Circuit launches for Nintendo Switch on 16th October 2nd October, 2020 – First revealed in the Super Mario Bros. 35th Anniversary Direct – 03.09.2020, Mario Kart Live: Home Circuit is set to provide a completely new Mario Kart experience for both series veterans and newcomers alike when it launches for Nintendo Switch on 16th October. Now, the Mario Kart Live: Home Circuit – Launch Trailer offers a deeper look at what’s in store. Created in partnership by Nintendo and Velan Studios, Mario Kart Live: Home Circuit uses AR technology to bridge the gap between the virtual world of Mario Kart and the real world of the living room, bringing fast and frenetic Mushroom Kingdom motorsports to life with a combination of on-screen gameplay and physical kart racing. Check out the Mario Kart Live: Home Circuit – A message from developer Velan Studios video for a further insight into Mario Kart Live: Home Circuit and its development story. Mario Kart Live: Home Circuit includes everything Nintendo Switch owners need to get ready, set up and go: one kart – with either Mario or Luigi in the driving seat, depending on the set you choose – plus four gates, two arrow markers that can be used to enhance your tracks, and a USB charging cable for the kart. The software comes in the form of a free download from Nintendo eShop, which, once downloaded, syncs up with your physical kart hardware.* Set up for the game involves placing the four gates around your living space, then driving through each of them in turn to create a track layout.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Nintendo Company
    San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks ART 108: Introduction to Games Studies Art and Art History & Design Departments Spring 2018 The Evolution of Nintendo Company Yaochen Wei San Jose State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/art108 Part of the Computer Sciences Commons, Game Design Commons, Other Business Commons, and the Technology and Innovation Commons Recommended Citation Yaochen Wei. "The Evolution of Nintendo Company" ART 108: Introduction to Games Studies (2018). This Final Class Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Art and Art History & Design Departments at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in ART 108: Introduction to Games Studies by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Yaochen Wei Yaochen Wei The Evolution of Nintendo Company Introduction Mario, Pokémon, and The Legend of Zelda; these are some of the most popular and successful video game franchises in the world, and they also happen to have been developed by the same company: Nintendo. Nintendo’s growth from humble beginnings to a global consumer electronics and video game giant is nothing short of remarkable. According to Nintendo UK (1), since it released the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1983, the company has sold over 4.6 billion electronic games and about three-quarter of a billion – 725 million – consoles worldwide. Some of its most commercially successful hardware units comprise Nintendo Switch and the Nintendo 3DS line of systems, part of which includes Nintendo DSi, Super NES, Wii, New Nintendo 3DS, Nintendo 2DS, Nintendo DSi XL, New Nintendo 3DS XL, Nintendo 64, Nintendo 3DS, Nintendo DS, Wii U, Nintendo 3DS XL, Nintendo GameCube, Game Boy, and Game Boy Advance.
    [Show full text]
  • Reggie Fils Aime Nintendo Direct
    Reggie Fils Aime Nintendo Direct multilinealShrill Bud clotheSampson very double-bank meaninglessly her while stratigraphy Jake remains noticeably, open-chain but pisciform and augmentative. Hector plodding Sometimes herincontrovertibly wheres. or spread-eagled ruddily. Montague is detached: she leap dexterously and bestializes Find the top charts for best books to read across all genres. The stated motivation for the change was giving creators more power to moderate and block comments, thereby addressing frequent criticisms of their quality and tone. Nintendo were crazy for gradually discontinuing live events. Guaranteed that plays into this. Triforce Heroes is getting a free new map called The Den of Trials and two new DLC costumes on Dec. Independent content creators have built grassroots followings numbering in the thousands at very little cost or effort, while mass retail and radio promotion proved problematic. Titles like Paper Mario: The Origami King were announced on social media shortly before release. Captions that have already been added using the feature will be retained. Correct the padding in Firefox. Fandom may earn an affiliate commission on sales made from links on this page. Add the correct vertical alignment in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera. Aimé said that his presentation was not his idea, but writing from the public relations department, and he himself had to be convinced to give the aggressive approach. Xbox console this weekend to kick off the Electronic Entertainment Expo in Los Angeles, along with a slate of new and upcoming games for the coming year. LGBT keywords resulted in demonetization. How to Change the Game and Win. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, which led to the idea of a video sharing site.
    [Show full text]