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Nesting Behaviour of Centris (Heterocentris) Analis (Fabricius) in Southeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centridini) Bartira M

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Nesting Behaviour of Centris (Heterocentris) Analis (Fabricius) in Southeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centridini) Bartira M Nesting behaviour of Centris (Heterocentris) analis (Fabricius) in southeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centridini) Bartira M. Vieira de Jesus, Carlos Garofalo To cite this version: Bartira M. Vieira de Jesus, Carlos Garofalo. Nesting behaviour of Centris (Heterocentris) analis (Fabricius) in southeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centridini). Apidologie, Springer Verlag, 2000, 31 (4), pp.503-515. 10.1051/apido:2000142. hal-00891732 HAL Id: hal-00891732 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00891732 Submitted on 1 Jan 2000 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie 31 (2000) 503–515 503 © INRA/DIB-AGIB/EDP Sciences Original article Nesting behaviour of Centris (Heterocentris) analis (Fabricius) in southeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centridini) ′ Bartira M. VIEIRA DE JESUS, Carlos A. GAROFALO* Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto – USP, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil (Received 8 August 1999; revised 14 February 2000; accepted 6 March 2000) Abstract – The nesting behaviour of Centris analis was studied on the campus of the University of São Paulo-Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. The bees nested in trap-nests made with black cardboard, measuring 5.8 cm in length and 0.6 cm in internal diameter. The bees constructed their nests with plant material and an oily substance. Completed nests had 1 to 4 cells arranged in a linear series, usually followed by an empty vestibular cell. Cells provisioned with a greater number of pollen trips were more likely to produce females than males. The innermost cells of the nests produced females, and the out- ermost cells produced males. Nests were parasitized by wasp, Leucospis cayennensis, and by bees, Coelioxys sp. and Mesocheira bicolor. Intraspecific parasitism was observed on 10 occasions. Although the factors inducing C. analis females to act parasitically are not known, the nest-site availability and food availability observed in this study apparently did not influence that behaviour. nesting behaviour / trap-nest / Centris analis / Apidae / Brazil 1. INTRODUCTION Although data on nesting biology are avail- able for several nest-excavating species [2, Centris is a primarily tropical genus, 5–7, 35, 41–44], detailed studies of this whose species are separated into 12 sub- aspect for species that nest in preexisting genera [37, 38]. Species of most subgenera cavities has only been made in Centris excavate nests in the ground, while those (Hemisiella) vittata [32]. belonging to the subgenera Hemisiella, Het- In this paper we present observations on erocentris and Xanthemisia construct their the nesting behaviour of Centris (Hetero- nests in preexisting cavities [6, 7, 14–16]. centris) analis which ranges from Mexico to * Correspondence and reprints E-mail: [email protected] 504 B.M. Vieira de Jesus, C.A. Garófalo Brazil [28]. Previous reports show that, like completed, the nests were taken to the lab- other species of Heterocentris, nesting by oratory and replaced with similar traps. In C. analis occurs on a variety of substrate the laboratory, each nest was placed in a such as abandoned Sceliphron nests [40], transparent glass tube, measuring 4.0 cm old Melitoma cells [24, 30] and trap-nests longer than the trap and with an internal [3, 14, 16, 17, 34]. Frankie et al. [14, 16], diameter of 0.9 cm. As adults emerged into studying the preferred nesting habitats of the glass tube, the trap was removed and the Hemisiella and Heterocentris species in the bees were collected. The nests were kept at Costa Rican dry forest, reported that Oak room temperature (21–29 °C) and observed Riparian forest and Oak Forest were the pre- daily until the adults emerged. After emer- ferred habitats of C. analis. Although those gence, the bees were released. Before authors have obtained nests of C. analis, release, females were marked with dots of they provided little detailed information on paint placed on their 4th metasomal seg- the nests. Heithaus [19] and Frankie et al. ment. Ten to fifteen days after the last emer- [13, 15] in Costa Rica, and Roubik [34] in gence from any given nest occurred, the nest Panama, reported information on the sea- was opened and its contents analyzed. Cells sonal abundance of C. analis. and nests from which nothing emerged were also opened, and the cause and stage of mor- tality were recorded. The head width of indi- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS viduals was taken as a measure of body size [32]. The individuals utilized were obtained The nesting activities of C. analis were from nests established in trap-nests similar observed on the campus of the University to those used in this work. of São Paulo-Ribeirão Preto (between 21°05’–21°15’ S and 47°50’–47°55’ W), Observations on the nesting behaviour State of São Paulo, Brazil, from November were recorded for a total of 250 h. The activ- 1993 to March 1994. During that period, ities of females within the nests were the mean monthly temperature ranged from observed with the aid of an otoscope. 23.6 °C (January/94) to 25.8 °C (Novem- ber/93) and precipitation from 53 mm (November/93) to 295.3 mm (Decem- 3. RESULTS ber/93). In accordance with Garófalo et al. [17], 3.1. Nest selection trap-nests used in this study consisted of tubes made with black cardboard, with one When searching for a nest site the female end closed with the same material. The tubes usually inspects several traps, entering and measured 5.8 cm in length and 0.6 cm in leaving them rapidly. The female thus makes internal diameter. A total of 425 tubes were tens of trap-nest inspections before selecting inserted into horizontal holes drilled into × × one for a nest. After finding a suitable trap, five wooden plates (28.0 24.0 4.0 cm). the female may remain inactive inside it for Each plate had 85 holes. The plates were up to two hours before leaving it to collect placed along two shelves in a shelter built construction material. In other cases, the near the laboratory. The shelves were 1.2 female walks to the end of the trap, remains and 1.5 m from the ground. there for several seconds, backs up a few During the study period the traps were centimeters and returns to the end again. inspected daily with an otoscope, and infor- These behaviours are repeated several times, mation was recorded from those with active and then the female leaves the selected trap and completed nests. Ten days after being to collect construction material. Nesting behaviour of Centris analis 505 3.2. Cell construction fore legs and mandibles to push forward the plant material that fell to the floor of the When the female returns to her nest with nest while removing it from her body. In construction material, she enters head first the place where the cell partition will be and walks to the end of the nest. After that, made, the female presses the material with she backs out of the nest, turns, and reen- the fore legs and mandibles against the walls ters the nest backwards all the way to the of the nest while rotating her entire body end. The female then begins to remove the around the circumference of the nest. After material on her scopae by scraping her hind that, she backs out of the nest, turns, and legs repeatedly against one another. During backs into the nest. After passing over the this procedure the female moves her entire cell partition being constructed, the female body around the circumference of the nest stops and then rotates inside the cell sev- and, at the same time, she brushes the mate- eral times while pressing the plant material rial onto the nest walls. The time spent by placed in the cell partition with her hind the female on these activities ranged from legs. The time spent by the female on these 60 to 480 s (x y = 213.7 ± 105.4 s; median = activities ranged from 1.0 to 30.0 min 208 s; n = 28). The material collected by (x y= 7.6 ± 6.3 min; median = 6.0 min; the female consists of an oily substance of n = 166). Three to ten plant material-col- unknown origin. Two (n = 19) or three lecting trips (x y= 4.9 ± 1.1 trips; n = 196), (n = 9) oily substance-collecting trips were ranging from 1.5 to 42.0 min (x y= 9.4 ± made to line the walls of the constructing 8.8 min; median = 5.7 min; n = 225) were cell, and these trips lasted 60 to 820 s made to construct the wall of the bottom of (x y= 317.0 ± 179.9 s; median = 275.0 s; the cell and the beginning of the first cell n = 28). After finishing the lining of the cell, partition. When the female finishes these the female begins to collect plant material to activities the cell partition has the form of a construct the bottom wall of the cell and the small ring that encircles the entire inner cir- beginning of the first cell partition. The plant cumference of the nesting tube, constrict- material consists essentially of pollen, anther ing its diameter about 1–2 mm.
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