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The Household and Military Retinue of Edward the Black Prince. Phd Thesis, University of Nottingham

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The Household and Military Retinue of Edward the Black Prince. Phd Thesis, University of Nottingham Green, David S. (1998) The household and military retinue of Edward the Black Prince. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham. Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10912/1/298952-VOL1.pdf Copyright and reuse: The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. · Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. · To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in Nottingham ePrints has been checked for eligibility before being made available. · Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not- for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. · Quotations or similar reproductions must be sufficiently acknowledged. Please see our full end user licence at: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/end_user_agreement.pdf A note on versions: The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. For more information, please contact [email protected] The Household and Military Retinue of Edward the Black Prince voýk A thesispresented to theUniversity of Nottinghamfor the degreeof Doctorof Philosophy November1998 Z.OSITY David S. Green BA (Exeter),MA (Nottingharn) Contents Abstract iv Acknowledgments V Abbreviations Vi Introduction I 1. The Military Retinue 24 2. Preparation, Propaganda and Purveyance 27 3. Recruitment 46 4. Administration 83 5. Finance 120 6. Parliament, Politics and Diplomacy 175 7. Religion: Patronage and Belief 211 8. Links within the Retinue 246 Conclusion 279 Bibliography 296 Appendix Biographies BiographicalLists 1, Main Section 2. Minor Biographies 158 i. Military ii. Administrative 188 iii. Household 222 iv. Religious 230 V. Lawyers 234 vi. Other 236 Tables NominalTable of Soldierswho foughtwith the Black Prince 243 Annuities i. Serviceto the Princeand Joan 282 ii. Annuity Contractsand Agreements 284 iii. OtherService 285 ii Map and Tables Map The Black Prince's Military Campaigns 82 Tables Indentured Retainers 19 Bachelorswith annuities involved in several campaigns 20 1363 Household, BL Cotton Julius C IV ff 288-91 78-9 1368/9Northampton muster Roll, PRO E101/29/24 80 Members of the Retinue Sitting in Parliament 184-5 Annuities Military Service 162-70 Householdand "Sustenance" 171-4 Legal andFinancial Service 193-4 ReligiousAnnuities and Alms 238 Genealogies 267-70 Courtenay,Cobham, Beauchamp 267 Audley, Stafford,Wingfield 268 Burghersh,Vere 269 Mortimer, Berkeley 270 Graphs RetinueMembers in Parliamentsand Great Councils 187 ConstituencyRepresentation, 1346-76 188 iii Abstract - The householdand military retinueof Edwardthe Black Prince(1330-1376) was createdin the earlyyears of the HundredYears War. This thesisexamines the role which the retinueplayed in that conflict andhow the administrationof the prince'sestates contributedto that effort throughthe provisionof troops,supplies and finance. It aimsto placethe Black Princeand his retainers,annuitants and servants in a nationalcontext, investigatingtheir role in the HundredYears War andAnglo-Gascon political society, whilst alsohighlighting the individual andcollective roles that they playedin the prince's retinue. It alsodemonstrates something of the atmosphereevident within the household throughthe examplesof the chivalric ethic andreligious attitudes. These elements are also seenin the links that existedbetween members of the retinueand household that werecreated by their commonservice to the Black Princebut alsothrough a varietyof otherassociations, familial, financial,political andgeographical. The particularstatus of the heir-apparentgoverned the natureof his retinueand comparisons are drawn with the othergreat bastard feudal associations of the day, particularlythe royal householdand the highlights Lancastrianaffinity. The thesisconcludes with a biographicalappendix, which Black certaincareers and summarisesthose of otherswith a wide rangeof links to the Prince. iv Acknowledgments MichaelJones suggested the BP asa subjectand then gently guided me around the unnecessarilyconvoluted route that I madeof it. I thankhim for his kindness,scalpel- eyedlove of footnotesand apologise for the scarcityof Bretons. AlisonMcHardy told me aboutLollards and much besides, usually with the slightly worrying "I'm know but She Tony Goodman preamble sureyou about... ...... and examinedthis thesis.I shouldlike to thankthem for their perseverance(the original draft wassomewhat longer) and I wish I'd talkedto bothof themmore while I waswriting it. Thanksare also due to the other membersof the Departmentof History at Nottingham, particularly RossBalzaretti, Julia Barrow and Bernard Hamilton for their generositywith time, books and at the bar. ProfessorHamilton supervisedmy MA and mademe think I could do this. Kate Greenand Ray Burr put meup in Londonand fed meon a numberof trips funded generously by the RoyalHistorical Society. Tweed occasionally pretended to be interested. RhiannonLawrence-Francis made me want to write a PhD in'thefirst placeand read muchand heard more about it for quitea long time afterwards.Many of the commasare hers,any subjunctiveswhich remain are, of course,my own. It took ratherlonger than it shouldto finish this.The denizensof c5OVold andnew, in all their manyguises are entirely responsible for the ratherextended gestation and I thank themfor it andfor coffee,croquet, beer, leeks, courgettes, the flat roof, BadenPowell, an occasionaland much-missed vat o' chips,the BWU, NUJSCand everything else. I wish I coulddo it all again.Many haveread chapters or discussedaspects of it with meand pointedout somethings and made me explainothers and it's all the betterfor it. ' Thanksto Alec Greenfor helpwith the genealogies,some long chats,longer loans of booksand the occasional"fine phrase"(Philippa of Hainault...a broodmareof princelings!) Partsof what becamethis thesishave been read at meetingsof the International MedievalCongress, the Centrefor MedievalStudies at theUniversity of York, the MedievalInstitute at the Universityof Hull andresearch seminars at Nottingham. Thanksto all who came,questioned and commented, particularly Mark Ormrodand AndrewAyton, who mademe wonder about what knights did in the closeseason. My motherand father made it possiblefor meto do this despitethe very long time I seemto havebeen at school.I hopethey think it's worth it. It's dedicatedto themboth. V Abbreviations ALA Archives departementalesde Loir-Atl antique, Nantes BEC Bibliotheque de PEcole des Chartes BIHR Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research BJRL Bulletin of the John Rylands Library BL British Library BPR Black Prince's Register CInq. Misc. Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous CChR Calendar of Charter Rolls CCR Calendar of Close Rolls CFR Calendar of Fine Rolls CIPM Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem Ches. Recog. Rolls ChesterRecognizance Rolls CPqpR, Letters Calendar of Papal Registers,,Letters MpR, Petitions Calendar of Papal Registers, Petitions CPR Calendar of Patent Rolls CIPM Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem DNB Dictionary of National Biography EcHR Economic History Review EHR English Historical Review GEC G.E. Cockayne, Yhe Complete'Peerage,13 vols, London, 1910-59. Preuves Dom P.H. Morice, Mmoires poUr servir de preuvesa Phistoire ecclisiastiqueet civile de Bretagne,3 vols, Paris, 1742-6. PRO Public RecordOffice Rot. Parl. Rotuli Parliamentorum. Rymer ThomasRymer, Feodera(2 editions, 1704-35; 1816-69.) ýI TRHS Transactionsof the Royal Historical Society VCH Victoria CountyHistory vi Introduction Edwardthe Black Princedied on Trinity Sunday(8 June)1376. With hi4 it seemed,died the hopeof the English.The greatprincipality, forged from victoriesin France,had been all but lost, therewas only a smallcoastal strip left of the duchyof Gasconyand, in no smallway, the princewas responsible for this. But he wasnot blamed for his diplomatic failures and political narvetd,for this was the man who as a boy of 16 hadfought in the vanguardin the triumphat Cr6cy(1346). His starhad risen to its height ten yearslater Poitiers,he king Francein battle.The when,outside capturedthe of , consequencewas a principalityin Aquitaine,comprising nearly a third of all France,to add to the earldomof Chester,duchy of Cornwalland principality of Waleswith which he hadearlier been endowed as heir to the throneof England.It wasfrom the court at Bordeauxand Angouleme that the prince'slast campaignwas launched;to reinstate Pedrothe Cruelto the throneof Castile.Disaster followed triumph at N ajera; the appeal of the Gasconlords to CharlesV fracturedthe fragiletruce whichhad been in placesince the signingof the treatyof Brdtignyin 1360.The Black Prince,now strickenwith illness, could not hold his bordersagainst the Frenchattacks led by BertrandDu Guesclinand the dukeof Anjou he to Englandin January1371. and retired - At Woodstockin 1330the prospectsof the first chfld of EdwardIII andPhflippa in of Hainaultlooked a little bleak,but by, andas a consequenceof his
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