DOCSLIB.ORG

And the Queen Victori,\

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
And the Queen Victori,\ UNIVERS ITY OF I.IA,NITOBA WINNIPEG, ]I',IPERIALlSM, AND THE QUEEN VICTORI,\ DIA.}ÍOND JUBILEE CELEBRATT0N, l gg 7 BY THO}IAS W. DICKENS MASTER OF ARTS DEPART}üNT OF HISTORY WINÌ.IIPEG, MANITOBA AUGUST 19 82 I^IINNIPEG, IMPERIALISM, AND THE QUEEN VICTORIA DIÆ,ÍOND JUBTLEE CELEBRATTON, t897 BY THOMAS I^J. DICKENS A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of the University of Ma¡ritoba in partial fuifillrnent of the requirentents of the degree of MASTER OF ARTS o 1982 Permission has been granted to the LIBRARY OF THE UNIVER- SITY OF MANITOBA to lend or sell copies of this thesis, to the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF CANADA to nricrofilm this thesis and to lend or sell copies of the film. and UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS to publish an abstract of this thesis. The author reserves other publicatio¡r rights, and neither the thesis nor extensive extracts front it may be printed or other- wise reproduced without the author's written perrnission. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION I PaTt I: I{INNIPEG AND THE r}æERTAL rDEA, 1870-189 CHAPTER 1 I.TINNIPEG IMPERIALISM. 4 2 I.JINNIPEG IMPERIAIISTS 25 3 WINNIPEG PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND THE IMPERIA]- IDEA 66 PaTI II: WINNIPEG AND THE DIAMOND JI]BILEE WINNIPEG IN 1897. 106 I^]INNIPEG CELEBRATES THE DrAllOND JUBILEE, 22 JUNE 1897. L46 6 REFLECTIONS ON THE JUBILEE. 193 CONCLUSION 234 APPENDIXES GRAND JUBILEE CELEBRATION PROGRAM}.ÍE ') /, ') B INVITATION TO GOVERNMENT HOUSE TO CELEBRATE QUEEN VICTORIAI S DIAMOND JUBILEE. 243 C THE NORTH END ARCH. 244 D THE CIVIC ARCH. 245 E SOUTH MAIN STREET ARCH. 246 BIBLIOGRAPITY 247 LIST OF ASBREVIATIONS. 26r aa A CKNOWLED GEMENTS . I am greatly indebted to Professor John Kendler mV advisor, who enthusiastically supported this project from day one" His expert and schol-arly advice¡ as wel] as his very accomodating manner, made rny task so much easier. I also ov,e my ularm thanks to Professor G. Friesen for kindly reading the whole manuscript. FinalÌy, my deepest apprec- iation is reservecl for my wifer Rita, who patiently put up with me and understood that this project was a challenge that, had to be met. al-t- INTRODUCTION On the 22nd June, 1897, Queen Victoria reached the sixtieth year of her reign. Throughout the British empire that day, the rnajoríty of her subjects in the settlement colonies "¡ubilated" by celebrating the event in various ways. I{innipeg, in many \,üays a microcosm of the empire itself, celebrated in much the same v/ay as elsewhere in the empire that day. Although certain sections of the population did respond indifferently and unenthusiastíca11y to the idea of celebrating the event, by jubilee day the organizers of the 1oyal pageant had achieved their aim, outwardly at least, of a consensual demonstration - a kind of family reunion under the Union Jack. The jubilee organizers hrere obsessed with using the jubilee as a means of upholding and reaffirming their traditional cultural sentimenËs and ideas, centred in the Blitish nation, t.he rnonarchy, and the empire. This was the imperial, ephemeral pageant which they had planned in order to produce the desired effect. However, simultaneously, and perhaps more fundamentally, the jubilee and late nineteenth century local imperialism are quite instructive. In general, what is revealed is an irnpelling l propaganda' on behalf of Èhe existíng social, political, and economic system which the ruling c:Las*avowed imperialists all-sought to maintain. This thesis also examines the nature of the irnperialist component of the conventional cultural sentiments and ideas prevalent in l.linnipeg in Èhe late nineteenth century, culminaÈing in L897, In the course of this study the following questions are raised about the nature of local irnperialism: l^Ihat lùas the content of l,Iinnipeg imperialisrn? !trhích social groups embraced imperialism? Who were the ¿ main proponents of imperialism? llhich ínstitutions embraced and espoused irnperialis t ideals ? The study is divided into tvro parts, ví2., Part I: Winnipeg and the Imperial ldea, 1870-1897, and Part II: Winnípeg and the Diamond Jubilee. Part I comprÍses three chapters. Chapter I examines the general cont.ent of local imperialist thought. Chapter II looks at five prominenÈ l{innipeg imperialists. Chapter III looks at the Winnipeg public school system and íts total commitment to the irnperialist cause. Part II also comprises three chapters. Chapter IV of this study sets Èhe stage by outlining the socio-economic and cultural background of l,linnipeg in jubilee year. Chapter V focuses on the preparations and planning leading up t.o the jubilee, as well as on the actual jubilee celebration itself. Chapter VI reflects on the jubilee in the context of the social tensions and anxieties caused by racial, national, religíous, and class divisions existing in l^linnipeg at the tíme, FOOTNOTE lFollorirrg Leonard l.l . Doobrs authoritative analysis of the phenomenon of Propaganda, what is meant here is the principle of "Revealed Propaganda" where the propagandists and their cause are in good repuÈe, and where Lhe propagandists enable people to perceive their aim through direct suggestion. Leonard W. Doob describes propaganda as "a systematic attempt by an interested individual (or individuals) to control the attitudes of groups of indivÍduals through the use of suggestions and, consequently, to control their actions". See L. Il. Doob, Propaganda. lts Psychology and Technique (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1935)r PP. 75-76. See also pp. tOO-tO7 for his treatment of the principle of "Revea1ed Propaganda". CHAPTER I I^IINNIPEG IMPERIALISM I A Wínnipeg imperialisÈ can be defined as one who had a positive attitude toward the BriÈish empire, and r¡ho actively campaigned for its preservaÈion, expansion, and unity. Like his counterparts elsewhere in Canada, a loca1 adherent, for the most part, had no dífficulty being a Canadian nationalist as we1l. He believed Èhat Canada could only achieve iÈs national destiny as a distinct part of Èhe ernpire. I^Ihen l^Iínnipeg adorned herself for Èhe jubilee celebrations, amidst the traditional imperial symbols, flags and buntíngs, Canadían symbols proudly stood alongside the British ones.1 wírrrripeggers, and Canadians generally, welcomed and revelled in the pride of place that Canadians took in the London celebrations. The loca1 press savr this fact as a justifiable one. Dr" Bryce, who wrote profusely on the British connection, advocating greater uniÈy, vras adamant that Canada was the greatest jer^rel in the ') British cro\^rrt,- while C.A. Boulton believed Èhat the Canadian nation vlas forged for the purpose of initíating Imperial federation which would bring the American Anglo-Saxons back into the fold.3 But it should not be assumed that Winnipeg imperiali-sts were cornpletely like-rninded. They showed a wide range of attÍtudes bearing on the empire. There were those - many of them associated wiÈh the I,Iinnipeg public school system4 - who espoused greateï unity of the British erupire, while Èhe militarÍsts openly advocated a brand of jingoism, and ) repeatedly and arrogantly announced their ever-readiness to defend and extend the empire. A large sector of the business communiÈy saw their contribution to the empire as one of faciliÈating the process whereby l^Iinnípeg's hinterland would become the granary of Èhe empíre. The leadership of the loca1 proËestant churches also espoused the imperialíst message. They vrere grateful rhaÈ God had allowed Great Brítain the privilege of "extending the Kingdom of Christ and the case of humanity throughout the earth" by extendíng the frontiers of the divinely-created enp1re..5 To the non-elite, one way of rationalizing their home-sickness was to bear the flame of empire in their hearts. The relaÈionship to empire lras one of sheer sentiment. To the average tteducated" Winnipegger, kíth and kin across the globe \^ras a good reason for the preservation of the empire. The controversial exploítative part of fhe empire, as well as the political and moral facÈs of irnperialism, nere not conrnonly known to the average resident, To the average cÍtizen, the empire cornprised a number of free self-governing states, closely tied by Èrade relations, a concerned sovereign, and guarantees of individual and racial freedom. Christianity, and the "high and nob1e"6 roral ideals of the race, r^rere winning the day amongst thettl-ower racest'r^rho welcomed Èhe superior ideas and the benefits they received from Pax Britannica. These vague and unsubstantiated notions were arÈicles of faith for local residents of British stock.. All of these beliefs ríere constantly being disseminated by the 1oca1 press, current popular literature, school currucula, social organizations and clubs, and, corr¡on at that time, friends and relatives tton Ëhe spottt. Many, especially the working class, hTere not imperialist by conviction b or understanding. Ilinnipeg social organizations, including the church, reflected Ehe personal influence and social Èies of the city elite' many of r¿hom were imperialists, and thís precluded any independent position on the matter of ernpire that the general membership might have taken. By 1897 class conscíousness and so1ídarities were just ernerging, and although doubts were being raised about the imperial idea by the official organ of 1oca1 labour, as a class, due to a number of factors, labour did not T solidly oppose imperialism. Yet, by the same token, not a single ímperialist of any significance emerged from its ranks. There is no doubt that some of the imperialistsr loyalty vlas extremely transparent, on the other hand, the Nantons, Boultons and Bakers, et alt breathed and lived empire, and r¡rere inexEricably imperialist. The motivations of some 1ocal imperialists could be línked Èo economic inÈerests insofar as the eupire afforded them opportunities for expanded rnarkeÈs for their cournercial undertakings.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • '-Sp-Sl'-' University Dottawa Ecole Des Gradues
    001175 ! / / -/ '-SP-SL'-' UNIVERSITY DOTTAWA ECOLE DES GRADUES JOSEPH DUBUC ROLE AND VIEWS OF A FRENCH CANADIAN IN MANITOBA l870-191l+ by Sister Maureen of the Sacred Heart, S.N.J.M. (M.M. McAlduff) Thesis presented to the Faculty of Arts of the University of Ottawa through the Department of History as partial ful­ fillment of the requirewents for the degree of Master of Arts ,<^S3F>a^ . LIBRARIES » Winnipeg, Manitoba, 1966 UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES UMI Number: EC55664 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI® UMI Microform EC55664 Copyright 2011 by ProQuest LLC All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 UNIVERSITE D'OTTAWA ECOLE DES GRADUES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis was prepared under the guidance of Dr. Alfred Vanasse of the Department of History. The writer wishes to thank him for his helpful direction, doubly appreciated since it had to be given entirely by mail. The writer also expresses gratitude to Archivist Hartwell Bowsfield and Assistant Archivist Regis Bennett of the Provincial Archives of Manitoba; to the Chancery staff of the Archiepiscopal Archives of St.
    [Show full text]
  • From This Valley They Say You Are Going
    The Red River Valley The Origins of this Popular Folk Song E B7 E There never could / be such a / longing From this valley they say you are going, In the heart of a pure maiden's / breast, B7 That / dwells in the / heart you are / breaking We will miss your bright eyes and sweet smile, As I / wait in my / home in the / West. E E7 A For they say you are taking the sunshine And the dark maiden's / prayer for her / lover E B7 E To the Spirit that rules o’r the / world; That brightens our pathway a while May his / pathway be / ever in / sunshine, Is the / prayer of the / Red River / girl. E B7 E Come and sit by my side if you love me, Come and sit by my / side if you / love me, B7 Do not hasten to bid me a/dieu, Do not hasten to bid me adieu, But re/member the / Red River / Valley E E7 A And the / girl that has / loved you so / true. But remember the Red River Valley E B7 E And the girl that has loved you so true. Red River Valley is a folk song often sung by the Sons of the Pioneers. It was widely believed to be a Texas re-working of For a long time / I have been / waiting a popular American song of 1896, "In the Bright Mohawk For those dear words you never would / say, Valley." However, research has found that it was known in But at / last all my / fond hopes have / vanished, at least five Canadian provinces before then.
    [Show full text]
  • 61 Carlton Street – Macdonald House ("Dalnavert") C.H
    61 CARLTON STREET – MACDONALD HOUSE ("DALNAVERT") C.H. Wheeler, 1895 For nearly a century, Dalnavert has remained an eclectic, yet elegant, survivor of what was once Winnipeg's foremost residential district on the southern edge of the downtown. The two-storey dwelling occupies a site that was part of a reserve retained by the Hudson's Bay Company around Upper Fort Garry following the transfer of Rupert's Land to Canada in 1869-70. The company used large-lot subdivision, building restrictions and other means to encourage an exclusive neighbourhood stretching west along Broadway from Main Street. That strategy attracted leading business and professional families, including lawyer-politician Hugh John Macdonald, son of Canada's first prime minister, Sir John A. Macdonald. Hugh John (1850-1929) had been raised by relatives in Toronto and Kingston after his mother died. He first came west with the 1870 Wolseley Expedition sent to Fort Garry to quell the Red River Rebellion. He later resumed law studies in Ontario, then practised for a decade in his father's firm © City of Winnipeg 1980 before resettling in Winnipeg in 1882 and beginning a new partnership with barrister J. Stewart Tupper, son of another Father of Confederation. Reluctant to enter active politics, Macdonald nonetheless was pressed to run in the 1891 national election as Conservative candidate for South Winnipeg. He won and joined a government led by his father. Sir John A. died soon afterward, however, and by mid-term Hugh John had resigned his seat. Again under pressure to help the party in the West, he briefly returned to Ottawa as an appointee to cabinet, then contested the 1896 election.
    [Show full text]
  • The Romantic Settlement of Lord Selkirk's
    THOMAS, 5TH EARL OF SELKIRK The Founder of Red River Colony, 1812. copy ot painting' by Raeburn, obtained by author from St Mary's Isle, Lord Selkirk’s The Romantic Settlement OF Lord Selkirk’s Colonies [The Pioneers of Manitoba] DR. GEORGE BRYCE Of Winnipeg President of the Royal Society of Canada, etc., etc. CLARK BROS. & CO., Limited WINNIPEG, MAN. Copyrighted Canada, 1909, by The Musson Book Company, Limited, Toronto.” CONTENTS Page. Chapter 1. Patriarch’s Story 9 An Extinct Pace. The Gay Frenchman. The Earlier Peoples. The Montreal Merchants and Men. The Dusky Eiders of the Plain. The Stately Hudson’s Bay Company. Chapter 2. A Scottish Duel 33 Chapter 3. Across the Stormy Sea 44 Chapter 4. A Winter of Discontent 58 Chapter 5. First Foot on Eed Eiver Banks 69 Chapter 6. Three Desperate Years 80 Chapter 7. Fight and Flight 95 Chapter 8. No Surrender 107 Chapter 9. Seven Oaks Massacre 117 Chapter 10. Afterclaps 133 Chapter 11. The Silver Chief Arrives 142 Chapter 12. Soldiers and Swiss 152 Chapter 13. English Lion and Canadian Bear Lie Down Together 161 Chapter 14. Satrap Eule 170 Chapter 15. And the Flood Came 178 Chapter 16. The Jolly Governor 185 Chapter 17. The Oligarchy 194 Chapter 18. An Ogre of Justice 202 Chapter 19. A Half-Breed Patriot 210 Chapter 20,. Sayer and Liberty 216 Chapter 21. Off to the Buffalo 224 Chapter 22. What the Stargazers Saw 232 Chapter 23. Apples of Gold 239 Chapter 24. Pictures of Silver 256 Chapter 25. Eden Invaded 276 Chapter 26.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dominion of Canada's Colonial Garrison in Manitoba, 1870 to 1877
    Canadian Military History Volume 28 Issue 1 Article 23 2019 Outpost: The Dominion of Canada’s Colonial Garrison in Manitoba, 1870 to 1877 David Grebstad Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh Part of the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Grebstad, David "Outpost: The Dominion of Canada’s Colonial Garrison in Manitoba, 1870 to 1877." Canadian Military History 28, 1 (2019) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Canadian Military History by an authorized editor of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Grebstad: Outpost Outpost The Dominion of Canada’s Colonial Garrison in Manitoba, 1870 to 1877 DAVID GREBSTAD Abstract : Military garrisons were a common requirement of empires, ancient or modern, in order to secure and maintain their imperial authority in colonies. Nineteenth century Canada was no different. When the Dominion of Canada annexed the North-Western interior of North America in 1870, it acquired a peripheral colony to be exploited by the economic, political, and cultural metropole of central Canada. Between 1870-1877, the Dominion maintained a garrison of Active Militia in what is now Winnipeg to pre-empt external aggression, bring order to the frontier, and conduct policing duties in the rough and tumble nascent Province of Manitoba. ILITARY GARRISONS were a common requirement of empires, Mancient or modern, in order to secure and maintain their imperial authority in colonies. The British Empire was no different as throughout the modern period, but most especially in the nineteenth century, the British maintained an expansive network of garrisons to secure their colonies around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Special History Study on the Dawson Trail And
    special history study the daw son trail and other transportation routes VOYAGEURS NATlONAL PARK I MINNESOTA .. ED ;:../~j~ oo- .. - ... ""': ... D r."' \. .:. Q "..J • • S p 2 c i a ·L h i s t ~ --: y s t t :_d ~r c :1. t ~1 De.\vSOi.~ T :"ail. a :, 1d o t ~- - a r ¥ ljl2 .V6 ¥742 1986 Special history study on lo -~~in~00 0 and lumberin~0 as asso ciated with the area now in TITLE O.ATF . •) ,..... ~ . ..:... ·iMCJ· AffiVR · . '.>i ·~ : . : ~ •• -: ~· N~A .lVN~ ~• .. -.-.""·- " .... ,...,.ii · IJBlW(Y • Denver. Oo1o!ado NOV 1 5 1999 • •• • I ) ' AUG 2 4 1S)90 SPECIAL HISTORY s·TUDY ON· THE DAWSON'TRAIL AND OTHER TRANSPORTATION ROUTES RELATING TO VOYAGEURS NATIONAL PARK MINNESOTA August 1986 by David L. Fritz U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Denver Service Center Central Team • .. • • ¥ ljl2 .Vij ¥74 198lj Special history study on th e llawson 'frai 1 and other tr ansportation routes relatin :c TABLE OF CONTENTS .,. Page CHAPTER ONE: THE DAWSON TRAIL AND OTHER TRANSPORTATION ROUTES . • 1 A. The Dawson/ Gladman Expedition of 1857 . • • 1 B. Dawson Appointed Superintendent of the Road, 1867 . • 6 C. Louis Riel, the Red River Rebellion, and Colonel Garnet Wolseley's Military Expedition of 1870 . • 7 D. Dawson Tries to Provide Amenities for Civilian Immigrants in 1871 . • • 10 E. George M. Grant's 1872 Trip on the Dawson Route. • • • 10 F. A Competing Route Through Minnesota . • • • • 14 G. Government Reports During the 1870s . • • • • 14 H. Discomfort Ruled the Dawson Route. • • • • • 15 I . Dawson and His Road .Part Company, 1874 • • • • • 16 J.
    [Show full text]
  • Collective Memory, Identity, and the Veterans of 1869-70 and 1885
    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 3-26-2018 12:00 PM Remembering Rebellion, Remembering Resistance: Collective Memory, Identity, and the Veterans of 1869-70 and 1885 Matthew J. McRae The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Vance, Jonathan The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in History A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Matthew J. McRae 2018 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Canadian History Commons, Cultural History Commons, and the Social History Commons Recommended Citation McRae, Matthew J., "Remembering Rebellion, Remembering Resistance: Collective Memory, Identity, and the Veterans of 1869-70 and 1885" (2018). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 5299. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5299 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract This dissertation analyses two of the Canadian state’s earliest military operations through the lens of personal and collective memory: The Red River conflict of 1869-70 and the Northwest Campaign of 1885. Both campaigns were directed by the Canadian state against primarily Métis and First Nations opponents. In each case, resistance to Canadian hegemony was centered on, though not exclusively led by, Métis leader Louis Riel. This project focuses on the various veteran communities that were created in the aftermath of these two events. On one side, there were the Canadian government soldiers who had served in the campaigns and were initially celebrated by English-Canadian society.
    [Show full text]
  • The Red River Resistance
    * Manitoba Cu lture, Heritage and Tourism Historic Resources though they elected him to the House of Commons three times. He remained in exile until1884, when he The Red River returned to present-day Saskatchewan to lead the Metis in the North West Rebellion. For this action, Resistance Riel was found guilty of treason and hanged in Regina on November 16, 1885. A controversial figure, On a snowy day in October, 1869, a group of nineteen Riel was denied his place in Canadian history until unarmed Metis riders took a major step in changing 1992 when he was formally accorded status as a the course of Manitoba's history. Confronting a founding father of Manitoba. survey crew that was staking out land west of the View of St. Boniface Mission, c.1869. Courtesy of P.A.M. Red River for the anticipated arrival of Canadian Many sites around the city of Winnipeg are settlers, the Metis stepped on the surveyors' chain, associated with the events of 1869-70. The 16 sites signalling their intention to oppose the distant as a province rather than a territory. While Riel's highlighted in this brochure are located at nine Canadian Government's plan to annex the west for militia kept the Canadian representatives from different venues. They include a variety of ngricultmnl immigrntion. occup ing the Settlement, it was Father Noel-Toseph intrrprr ti vr rxpr ri rncrs - histori c huildings, stnturs, Ritchot, parish priest of St. Norbert, who travelled to monuments, and markers that willhelp you For the previous year, the residents of the Red River Ottawa with two other residents of Red River to understand the progression of events that led to the Settlement had been apprehensive as the Hudson's negotiate the terms of the Manitoba Act of 1870.
    [Show full text]
  • Publisher, Warrior, Merchant, Politician
    PUBLISHER, WARRIOR, MERCHANT, POLITICIAN Thomas Scott (1841–1915) Born at Perth on February 16, 1841, Thomas Scott was the youngest of four children1 born to Irish immigrants Thomas Scott (c1800-1851) and Margaret Thompson (1814-1900). The Scotts had arrived in Upper Canada from County Antrim and settled on Drummond Township C- 10/L-23(E) in 1836. After the death of Thomas Sr. the family moved to Perth where Thomas Jr. attended public and grammar schools until, at age 14, he was apprenticed to learn the printer’s trade2. Six years later, in 1861, Scott established the ‘Perth Expositor’ newspaper in partnership with Thomas Cairns (1828-1896)3. In competition to the ‘Perth Courier’, established in 1834, the Expositor was politically supportive of the Conservative Party and Thomas Scott would be a Conservative Party stalwart throughout his life. In the same year he launched the Perth Expositor, war clouds were gathering over Canada and 20-year-old Thomas Scott became a part-time soldier. In November 1861, during the first months of the American Civil War, an American (Union) Navy ship intercepted and boarded the British mail packet RMS Trent and seized two of its passengers; Confederate States diplomats travelling to Europe. The Northern States celebrated this defiance of a European power seen as sympathetic to the South, while the Confederate States hoped to exploit the incident to gain formal recognition or, better still, bring Britain into the conflict on the Southern side. Britain, regarding the incident as an insult to national honor and a breach of neutral rights, demanded an apology and moved to strengthen its military forces in Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Rowboat Diplomacy: the Dominion of CANADA's Whole
    RY STO I H RY TA ILI M Library and Archives Canada C-146751 C-146751 Canada Archives Library and St. Boniface, in the Red River Settlement, circa 1860. Rowboat DIPLOMACY: THE DOMINION OF CANADA’S WHOLE OF GOVERNMENT APPROACH TO THE RED RIVER REBELLION by David W. Grebstad Sir, Bay Company, and had secured an agreement with the Company and the Imperial Government in London to do so. The National Committee of the Red River Metis Upon his arrival in the Red River Settlement, Canada’s plans orders Mr. William McDougall not to enter the were stymied by a small group of Métis intent upon self-gov- North-West Territory without the special authoriza- ernance and protecting their culture, their traditions, and their tion of this Committee. way of life. The intent of this article is to demonstrate how, over the eleven months that followed, the young Dominion By order of the President, John Bruce Government under John A. Macdonald employed a compre- Louis Riel, Secretary hensive Whole of Government approach to successfully Dated at St. Norbert, Red River, achieve its political goal. this 21st Day of October, 1869.1 Background Introduction he events that led to this juncture are too broad to fully ith the presentation of this note to the Tinvestigate here. Nonetheless, to fully understand the Honourable William McDougall, issue this article intends to address, it is important to conduct Lieutenant-Governor designate of the Territory of Rupert’s Land, the acquisition Major David W. Grebstad, an artillery officer, holds a BA in History from of what is now Western Canada by the the University of Manitoba, a MA in History from the University of New Wyoung Dominion came to an abrupt halt.
    [Show full text]
  • In: the North-West Rebellion and the Comprehensive Approach to Operations
    ALL IN: THE NORTH-WEST REBELLION AND THE COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO OPERATIONS Major D.W. Grebstad JCSP 39 PCEMI 39 Master of Defence Studies Maîtrise en études de la défense Disclaimer Avertissement Opinions expressed remain those of the author and do Les opinons exprimées n’engagent que leurs auteurs et not represent Department of National Defence or ne reflètent aucunement des politiques du Ministère de Canadian Forces policy. This paper may not be used la Défense nationale ou des Forces canadiennes. Ce without written permission. papier ne peut être reproduit sans autorisation écrite. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the © Sa Majesté la Reine du Chef du Canada, représentée par le Minister of National Defence, 2013 ministre de la Défense nationale, 2013. CANADIAN FORCES COLLEGE – COLLÈGE DES FORCES CANADIENNES JCSP 39 – PCEMI 39 2012 – 2013 MASTER OF DEFENCE STUDIES – MAÎTRISE EN ÉTUDES DE LA DÉFENSE ALL IN: THE NORTH-WEST REBELLION AND THE COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO OPERATIONS By Major D.W. Grebstad, CD Par le major D.W. Grebstad, CD “This paper was written by a student “La présente étude a été rédigée par un attending the Canadian Forces College stagiaire du Collège des Forces in fulfilment of one of the requirements canadiennes pour satisfaire à l'une des of the Course of Studies. The paper is a exigences du cours. L'étude est un scholastic document, and thus contains document qui se rapporte au cours et facts and opinions, which the author contient donc des faits et des opinions alone considered appropriate and que seul l'auteur considère appropriés et correct for the subject.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles Boulton Some Fiften Years After the Red River Rebellion The
    THE NORTHWEST 1885 REBELLION Some fiften years after the Red River rebellion the same forces were at play in the settlement of Batoche at a bend in the South Saskatchewan River, Northwest Territories. Government surveyors were redrawing boundaries and forcing Metis farmers off their land. Letters were written to Ottawa asking for help for the Metis farmers. When nothing was done a delegation was sent to Montana and successfully convinced Louis Riel to return and lead the Metis people in a second revolt against the Government of Canada. At first, Riel took the political route. He sent a petition to Ottawa outlining the grievances of the Metis and white settlers. But faced with continued government indifference, his tactics became more militant. In March 1885, Riel formed a Following his capture Riel was tried for high provisional government and a small military treason. Despite continuing questions about force. Armed conflict followed as Riel’s his sanity, Riel was found guilty and hanged. followers and government troops clashed. Boulton went on to write a book entitled This was the first time Canadian troops “Reminiscences of the North-West Rebellion”. conducted a large scale military operation He was appointed to the Senate of Canada in without the support of British regulars. 1881 and died in Manitoba in 1899. Major Henry Smith of Cobourg (see the Fenian Raids) played an important role in the defeat of Louis Riel and the rebellion. Major Smith commanded C Company of the Royal Canadian Regiment in battle and was Mentioned in Despatches for his gallantry and leadership under fire during the engagement at the Battle of Fish Creek.
    [Show full text]