DOCSLIB.ORG

Inscriptions from Dodona.-II Author(S): E

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Inscriptions from Dodona.-II Author(s): E. S. Roberts Source: The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 2 (1881), pp. 102-121 Published by: The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/623559 . Accessed: 04/01/2015 15:17 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Hellenic Studies. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.235.251.160 on Sun, 4 Jan 2015 15:17:13 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 102 INSCRIPTIONS FROM DODONA. INSCRIPTIONS FROM DODONA.-II. IN the first number of this Journal I passed in review a rare survival of antiquity, the Oracle-inscriptions of Dodona. These, as was there stated, formed a part only of the collection of C. Carapanos. For the remainder, though many of the in- scriptions are of great interest, dialectically, archaeologically, and historically, I cannot claim the attraction of novelty which so conspicuously characterised the Oracle-inscriptions as relics sui generis. I have thought, however, that it may be not un- acceptable to English students to have before them in an accessible form the full tale of the Dodonaean texts, so far as they are legible and not absolutely fragmentary. As, then, in the former number I gave the Oracle-inscriptions seriatim with more or less of commentary, so I propose in the following pages to attempt an examination and explanation of the documents which complete the catalogue. It will be hardly necessary to say that, as before, my indebtedness to previous critics-Bursian (Sitzungsber. d. k-ns. Baier. Ges. d. Wiss. Ph.-Hist. C1. 1878), Blass, Frankel, Christ, Carapanos himself--is considerable. According to the enumeration given on p. 229 of the first number of the Journal, the inscriptions remaining to be noticed are (1) Ex voto inscriptions on bronze. (2) Inscriptions on bronze or copper: these comprise (a) decrees of citizenship; (b) deeds of manumission; (c) deeds of proxenia; (d) a deed concerning right of intermarriage; (e) donation of property; (f) purchase of a slave. (3) An inscription on an iron strigil. (4) Two or three inscriptions on terra cotta. (5) A proxenia-decree, the most complete in the collection, on a limestone tablet. I will take these classes, as far as possible, in order. With the exception of one addressed to Aphrodite, the ex voto inscriptions, 24 in number, are dedications to Zeus Nalos This content downloaded from 128.235.251.160 on Sun, 4 Jan 2015 15:17:13 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions INSCRIPTIONS FROM DODONA. 103 and Dione, one or both. Only one of these is of any length (Carapanos). It is a dedication to the Dodonaean Zeus, and is engraved on a very thin plate of bronze 21 centimetres in height. The last three lines are interrupted in the middle by a phallic figure. Christ (Rhein. Mus. 1878, pp. 610-613) was the first to see that the inscription is partially if not altogether metrical; not, however, in the ordinary verse of inscriptions, but with a lyric rhythm. He gives the text as follows (the upright strokes here and throughout this article mark the lines of the original)- rv? 9teb" Xa. ZeiDAoA)V2,v? 4"6e&V, 7`8e Uol &8rpov7rEJl/4ok 7rwap'apO/, "'AWyOcwvI 'ExeoXov ical yeved , 7rpcevot MoXoo'o-i^v Ed 7Tjptdcov'a fyevea'; dEiTpCda9 Kao-uc~vlIpaq yeved I ZavcivOtot. In the first three lines at any rate we readily recognise Ana- paestic Dimeters, and in the next a Trochaic Ithyphallicus. The metres of the remaining lines are respectively Iambic, Trochaic (?), Anapaestic, Iambic. The whole is thus rendered by Christ- 'God; Fortune. Zeus, sovereign (or protector) of Dodona, I send thee this present from myself, I, Agathon, son of Eche- phylos, and my family, proxeni of the Molossians and their allies; we being a family derived from Trojan Kassandra during thirty generations, Zacynthians.' The invocation to Zedk as Awc8vq /eE&wovreminds us of the Iliad (xvi. 234). This poetical opening, the use of the first person in -r•ipwco7-ap' d~pooi,the position of co- and the order of the words generally, all mark deviations from the normal type of dedicatory inscriptions. Egger (in the Appendix to work) placing no comma after renders: Carapanos's ovp•pXov 'Proxeni of the Molossians and their allies for thirty generations from Cassandra the Trojan, we, Zacynthians by birth.' But this translation would certainly require or yevedv, not yeYea. He suggests further that there mayyeve, have existed among the Molossi lists of wrp6fevot,ascending in a manner more or less fictitious, to the times of the Trojan war. We have some- This content downloaded from 128.235.251.160 on Sun, 4 Jan 2015 15:17:13 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 104 INSCRIPTIONSFROM DODONA. thing of the same kind in the lists of ebepryera of the Greek cities. They were sometimes known by the abbreviation evepyeolat, and a collection of these appears to have been made by Plutarch (in the three lost books entitled II6XeovewepEyeo-laL; see Egger in the ComptesRendus de l'Acad. des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, 1865, pp. 75-6). The punctuation given above leads to a different explanation. If we adopt the Herodotean definition of r/evEd (Herodot. ii. 142: y:eveat ryap Tpet avpwi^v eicaTov ere'a EroTv) we have Agathon apparently declaring himself to be living 1,000 years after Cassandra. Egger, however, reckoning the ryeved at 30 years, and the 30 yevEal consequently to be 900 years, and assuming as the 'classic' date for the taking of Troy the year 1270 B.C., arrives at 370 B.C.as the date of this inscription. But the dates assigned for the taking of Troy vary between very wide limits; and the date of this inscription (if we calculate 30 generations to be 1,000 years) might be anywhere between 334 and 184 B.c. Bursian thinks Egger's date too early by 100 years. That Pausanias represents both of the children, which Cassandra bore to Aga- memnon, to have been killed by Clytaemnestra and Aegisthus, and to have been buried at Mycenae, is of little moment. The present inscription only shows that there was another tradition of which genealogists and priests would not have been slow to avail themselves. It is remarkable that there was in Zacynthus a special worship of Apollo; thus the fiction of a priestly family deriving its origin from Cassandra was peculiarly ap- propriate there. In any case the inscription furnishes one more instance of the employment of genealogies as one of the instru- ments of Greek chronology.1 But I am not sure that a solution communicated to me by Mr. William Ridgeway is not better and simpler than those of Christ or Egger. He would 1 We may perhaps comparethe prac- 245). Still more precise is the copied tice observed by members of sacerdotal inscription of Halicarnassus, C.1.G. families in tracing their origin as well 2655, where are mentioned by name, as the titles of their priesthood to the with the duration of their office for a god whose priests they were. Thus we period of 504 years, successive priests of read in C.I.G. 1353: 'H irdAs M. Abpl- Poseidon,from the date of the monument ALov Aacyawlqovc Kcah itself back to Telamon, a supposed son of 'Apl'TroKpdTr" "ylEvvo iep&a rb 'HpaiAE'ovs q?, &7rbALo-oCopwv the god, the seventh in descent, Anthas, ,Us' .c.A. (cf. 1340, 1349, 1355, 1373, being possibly a historical personage. 1874, and Le Bas, Voyage Ardo., ii. n. This content downloaded from 128.235.251.160 on Sun, 4 Jan 2015 15:17:13 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions INSCRIPTIONSFROM DODONA. 105 place a stop after ryevea~s and translates: ' The family are Zacynthians from the Trojan Cassandra'; or, 'The family is from the Trojan Cassandra; they are Zacynthians.' It is not natural to say 'derived from C. during (dv) thirty generations.' The character of the alphabet used points to a date anterior to the destruction of the ancient temple of Zeus by the Aetolians in B.C. 219 (Polyb. vi. 4, 67). The exterior neck of a small vase carries the following dedication- 6 Nakl, PFLXocXe[i]'a[9] Aap~ogbXovAevicaSlto At for so Bursian reads it. The e for eL in IetXoKXei8a9,the o for o in Nalp and the form of the letters generally, indicate a respectable antiquity, perhaps the fifth or sixth century B.C; though the character is certainly not as old as that of the inscription described by Kirchhoff (Stud.3 93) as the only archaic one found in Leucas. A tripod bears on its exterior rim the dedicatory formula Nat tveO'f0lce(P1. xxiii. 2 and 2 bis). Tept4rcXJS.AW3 At The character belongs to1Sa•w,8b the fifth century B.C.; the use of q and o probably show that Terpsicles was an Ionian. We may infer from this inscription that the musical contests, the existence of which at Dodona is proved by the presence of a theatre, in- cluded also contests of rhapsodists.
Recommended publications
  • The Herodotos Project (OSU-Ugent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography

    The Herodotos Project (OSU-Ugent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography

    Faculty of Literature and Philosophy Julie Boeten The Herodotos Project (OSU-UGent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography Barbarians in Strabo’s ‘Geography’ (Abii-Ionians) With a case-study: the Cappadocians Master thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Linguistics and Literature, Greek and Latin. 2015 Promotor: Prof. Dr. Mark Janse UGent Department of Greek Linguistics Co-Promotores: Prof. Brian Joseph Ohio State University Dr. Christopher Brown Ohio State University ACKNOWLEDGMENT In this acknowledgment I would like to thank everybody who has in some way been a part of this master thesis. First and foremost I want to thank my promotor Prof. Janse for giving me the opportunity to write my thesis in the context of the Herodotos Project, and for giving me suggestions and answering my questions. I am also grateful to Prof. Joseph and Dr. Brown, who have given Anke and me the chance to be a part of the Herodotos Project and who have consented into being our co- promotores. On a whole other level I wish to express my thanks to my parents, without whom I would not have been able to study at all. They have also supported me throughout the writing process and have read parts of the draft. Finally, I would also like to thank Kenneth, for being there for me and for correcting some passages of the thesis. Julie Boeten NEDERLANDSE SAMENVATTING Deze scriptie is geschreven in het kader van het Herodotos Project, een onderneming van de Ohio State University in samenwerking met UGent. De doelstelling van het project is het aanleggen van een databank met alle volkeren die gekend waren in de oudheid.
  • Alexander's Empire

    Alexander's Empire

    4 Alexander’s Empire MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES EMPIRE BUILDING Alexander the Alexander’s empire extended • Philip II •Alexander Great conquered Persia and Egypt across an area that today consists •Macedonia the Great and extended his empire to the of many nations and diverse • Darius III Indus River in northwest India. cultures. SETTING THE STAGE The Peloponnesian War severely weakened several Greek city-states. This caused a rapid decline in their military and economic power. In the nearby kingdom of Macedonia, King Philip II took note. Philip dreamed of taking control of Greece and then moving against Persia to seize its vast wealth. Philip also hoped to avenge the Persian invasion of Greece in 480 B.C. TAKING NOTES Philip Builds Macedonian Power Outlining Use an outline to organize main ideas The kingdom of Macedonia, located just north of Greece, about the growth of had rough terrain and a cold climate. The Macedonians were Alexander's empire. a hardy people who lived in mountain villages rather than city-states. Most Macedonian nobles thought of themselves Alexander's Empire as Greeks. The Greeks, however, looked down on the I. Philip Builds Macedonian Power Macedonians as uncivilized foreigners who had no great A. philosophers, sculptors, or writers. The Macedonians did have one very B. important resource—their shrewd and fearless kings. II. Alexander Conquers Persia Philip’s Army In 359 B.C., Philip II became king of Macedonia. Though only 23 years old, he quickly proved to be a brilliant general and a ruthless politician. Philip transformed the rugged peasants under his command into a well-trained professional army.
  • The Ptolemies: an Unloved and Unknown Dynasty. Contributions to a Different Perspective and Approach

    The Ptolemies: an Unloved and Unknown Dynasty. Contributions to a Different Perspective and Approach

    THE PTOLEMIES: AN UNLOVED AND UNKNOWN DYNASTY. CONTRIBUTIONS TO A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE AND APPROACH JOSÉ DAS CANDEIAS SALES Universidade Aberta. Centro de História (University of Lisbon). Abstract: The fifteen Ptolemies that sat on the throne of Egypt between 305 B.C. (the date of assumption of basileia by Ptolemy I) and 30 B.C. (death of Cleopatra VII) are in most cases little known and, even in its most recognised bibliography, their work has been somewhat overlooked, unappreciated. Although boisterous and sometimes unloved, with the tumultuous and dissolute lives, their unbridled and unrepressed ambitions, the intrigues, the betrayals, the fratricides and the crimes that the members of this dynasty encouraged and practiced, the Ptolemies changed the Egyptian life in some aspects and were responsible for the last Pharaonic monuments which were left us, some of them still considered true masterpieces of Egyptian greatness. The Ptolemaic Period was indeed a paradoxical moment in the History of ancient Egypt, as it was with a genetically foreign dynasty (traditions, language, religion and culture) that the country, with its capital in Alexandria, met a considerable economic prosperity, a significant political and military power and an intense intellectual activity, and finally became part of the world and Mediterranean culture. The fifteen Ptolemies that succeeded to the throne of Egypt between 305 B.C. (date of assumption of basileia by Ptolemy I) and 30 B.C. (death of Cleopatra VII), after Alexander’s death and the division of his empire, are, in most cases, very poorly understood by the public and even in the literature on the topic.
  • Greece, the Land Where Myths Replaces Reality

    Greece, the Land Where Myths Replaces Reality

    GREECE, THE LAND WHERE MYTHS REPLACE REALITY (Myths about Epirus) What is myth and what does it serve? Myth is a narrative based usually on a false story which can not be used as a replacement of history, but sometimes myth might be considered a distorted account of a real historical event. The myth does not differ much from a folktale and usually the boundary between them is very thin. Myth must not be used to reconstruct, however in the ancient society of the so called “”Ancient Greeks”” myth was usually regarded as a true account for a remote past. Surprisingly this ‘tradition’ is descended to the Modern Greeks as well. They never loose the chance to use the myths and the mythology of a remote past and to pose them as their real ethnic history. This job is being done combining the ancient myths with the ones already created in the modern era. Now let’s take a look at two Greek myths, respectively one ancient and one modern, while our job is to prove that even these myths are respectively hijacked or created to join realities not related to each other, but unfortunately propagandized belonging to a real history, the history of the Greek race. Thus before we analyze and expose some of their myths which are uncountable, we are inclined to say that whatever is considered Greek History is completely based on mythical stories, whose reliability and truthiness is deeply compromised for the mere fact that is based on myths not only by the Modern Greeks and especially philhellenes, but even by the ancient authors.
  • Chapter 9 Study Guide Key

    Chapter 9 Study Guide Key

    Chapter 9 Study Guide Key 7th Grade World History Vocabulary Cavalry – a unit of soldiers who ride horses. The Persian empire was known for their use of cavalry, helping to make them so victorious in battle Hellenistic – Greek-like - when a cultural idea is heavily influenced by Greek ideas (Example – cities of Alexandria created by Alexander.) Alliance – agreement to work together – as in the Persian Wars Vocabulary Phalanx – A square fighting formation – commonly used by Alexander & Sparta Satraps – governors in the Persian empire Helots – Slaves in Sparta – made up majority of population & heavily relied upon Parthenon – Great temple in Athens dedicated to the goddess Athena. Commissioned by Pericles after the Persian Wars. People to Know Cyrus the Great – Rebelled against the Medes to create the Persian Empire. Known for letting others keep their customs to help prevent rebellions Darius I – Leader of the Persians when Greek mainland city-states sent help to the Ionian city- states. Leader during the Battle of Marathon People to Know Xerxes I – the son of Darius. Was the leader of the Persian Wars during the battles of Thermopylae, Salamis & Plataea. Set up his golden throne to watch the Battle of Salamis – which he lost, forcing him to retreat to Persia Philip of Macedonia – Father of Alexander the Great. Conquered the Greek city-states. Alexander the Great – Macedonian King – came to power after his father was murdered. Helped to create the largest empire in the world at that point. Never lost a battle. Died at age 32 from malaria. People to Know Plato – a student of Socrates.
  • A HISTORY of the PELASGIAN THEORY. FEW Peoples Of

    A HISTORY of the PELASGIAN THEORY. FEW Peoples Of

    A HISTORY OF THE PELASGIAN THEORY. FEW peoples of the ancient world have given rise to so much controversy as the Pelasgians; and of few, after some centuries of discussion, is so little clearly established. Like the Phoenicians, the Celts, and of recent years the Teutons, they have been a peg upon which to hang all sorts of speculation ; and whenever an inconvenient circumstance has deranged the symmetry of a theory, it has been safe to ' call it Pelasgian and pass on.' One main reason for this ill-repute, into which the Pelasgian name has fallen, has been the very uncritical fashion in which the ancient statements about the Pelasgians have commonly been mishandled. It has been the custom to treat passages from Homer, from Herodotus, from Ephorus, and from Pausanias, as if they were so many interchangeable bricks to build up the speculative edifice; as if it needed no proof that genealogies found sum- marized in Pausanias or Apollodorus ' were taken by them from poems of the same class with the Theogony, or from ancient treatises, or from prevalent opinions ;' as if, further, ' if we find them mentioning the Pelasgian nation, they do at all events belong to an age when that name and people had nothing of the mystery which they bore to the eyes of the later Greeks, for instance of Strabo;' and as though (in the same passage) a statement of Stephanus of Byzantium about Pelasgians in Italy ' were evidence to the same effect, perfectly unexceptionable and as strictly historical as the case will admit of 1 No one doubts, of course, either that popular tradition may transmit, or that late writers may transcribe, statements which come from very early, and even from contemporary sources.
  • Antioch 1: the City Page I - �1 the Great Cicero Extolled the City for Its Art and Literature

    Antioch 1: the City Page I - 1 the Great Cicero Extolled the City for Its Art and Literature

    Chapter 1 The City INTRODUCTION The spread of early Christianity is often caricatured like this: Jesus’ first disciples were simple fishermen. They were largely ignorant, illiterate, unpolished. They began preaching their message to the poor and the disenfranchised, such as slaves. This message brought them hope and began to leak out from Jerusalem. The Christians spread to small villages and back waters. Over time, the message spread to some cities and eventually captured attention – again, primarily among the poor – in some big cities. The success of the mission in Antioch shows that this is a cartoon of what actually happened. And that is why we ask, “What happened in Antioch?” THE CITY OF ANTIOCH The City of Antioch was a large and influential city. It was located in northwestern Syria – just south of the border with modern Turkey. To get an idea of its placement: Antioch was located north of Jerusalem, about 300 miles (compare distance from Dallas to Little Rock). It was about 86 miles east of Paul’s hometown, Tarsus. And it was inland from the Mediterranean about 20 miles. Antioch was the third most important city in the Roman Empire at the beginning of the first century, following Rome and Alexandria. By the end of the Century, Antioch would overtake its rival, Alexandria. The City was called “the Queen of the East.” Antioch had a storied history. It was founded by one of Alexander the Great’s generals following the conqueror’s death. One story places the founding of the city in the year 300 BC. Seleucus I founded the city where he did because it had strategic importance and natural beauty.
  • Alexander's Successors

    Alexander's Successors

    Perdiccas, 323-320 Antigonus (western Asia Minor) 288-285 Antipater (Macedonia) 301, after Ipsus Lysimachus (Anatolia, Thrace) Archon (Babylon) Lysimachus (Anatolia, Thrace) Ptolemy (Egypt) Asander (Caria) Ptolemy (Egypt) Seleucus (Babylonia, N. Syria) Persia to Alexander the Great Atropates (northern Media) 315-311 Alexander’s Seleucus (Babylonia, N. Syria) Eumenes (Cappadocia, Pontus) vs. 318-316 Cassander Cassander (Macedonia) Laomedon (Syria) Lysimachus Daniel 11:1-4 Antigonus Demetrius (Cyprus, Tyre, Demetrius (Macedonia, Cyprus, Leonnatus (Phrygia) Ptolemy Successors Cassander Sidon, Agaean islands) Tyre, Sidon, Agaean islands) Lysimachus (Thrace) Peithon Seleucus Menander (Lydia) Ptolemy Bythinia Bythinia Olympias (Epirus) vs. 332-260 BC Seleucus Epirus Epirus “And now I will tell you the truth. Behold, three more kings are going to arise Peithon (southern Media) Antigonus Greece Greece Philippus (Bactria) vs. Aristodemus Heraclean kingdom Heraclean kingdom Ptolemy (Egypt) Demetrius in Persia. Then a fourth will gain far more riches than all of them; as soon as Eumenes Paeonia Paeonia Stasanor (Aria) Nearchus Olympias Pontus Pontus and others . Peithon Polyperchon Rhodes Rhodes he becomes strong through his riches, he will arouse the whole empire against the realm of Greece. And a mighty king will arise, and he will rule with great authority and do as he pleases.” (Dan 11:2-3) 320 330310 300 290 280 270 260 250 Antipater, 320-319 Alcetas and Attalus (Pisidia ) Antigenes (Susiana) Antigonus (army in Asia) Arrhidaeus (Phrygia) Cassander
  • Contesting the Greatness of Alexander the Great: the Representation of Alexander in the Histories of Polybius and Livy

    Contesting the Greatness of Alexander the Great: the Representation of Alexander in the Histories of Polybius and Livy

    ABSTRACT Title of Document: CONTESTING THE GREATNESS OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT: THE REPRESENTATION OF ALEXANDER IN THE HISTORIES OF POLYBIUS AND LIVY Nikolaus Leo Overtoom, Master of Arts, 2011 Directed By: Professor Arthur M. Eckstein, Department of History By investigating the works of Polybius and Livy, we can discuss an important aspect of the impact of Alexander upon the reputation and image of Rome. Because of the subject of their histories and the political atmosphere in which they were writing - these authors, despite their generally positive opinions of Alexander, ultimately created scenarios where they portrayed the Romans as superior to the Macedonian king. This study has five primary goals: to produce a commentary on the various Alexander passages found in Polybius’ and Livy’s histories; to establish the generally positive opinion of Alexander held by these two writers; to illustrate that a noticeable theme of their works is the ongoing comparison between Alexander and Rome; to demonstrate Polybius’ and Livy’s belief in Roman superiority, even over Alexander; and finally to create an understanding of how this motif influences their greater narratives and alters our appreciation of their works. CONTESTING THE GREATNESS OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT: THE REPRESENTATION OF ALEXANDER IN THE HISTORIES OF POLYBIUS AND LIVY By Nikolaus Leo Overtoom Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts 2011 Advisory Committee: Professor Arthur M. Eckstein, Chair Professor Judith P. Hallett Professor Kenneth G. Holum © Copyright by Nikolaus Leo Overtoom 2011 Dedication in amorem matris Janet L.
  • A Journey of the Vocal Iso(N)

    A Journey of the Vocal Iso(N)

    A Journey of the Vocal Iso(n) A Journey of the Vocal Iso(n) By Eno Koço A Journey of the Vocal Iso(n) By Eno Koço This book first published 2015 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2015 by Eno Koço All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-7067-6 ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-7067-2 This book is dedicated to the memory of my mother, Albanian soprano Tefta Tashko Koço (1910–1947), who has been a mentor, an inspiration, and a guardian angel throughout my whole life and to whom I shall be eternally grateful TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Music Examples: Notation and Audio ........................................... ix List of Illustrations .................................................................................... xi Preface ..................................................................................................... xiii Acknowledgements ................................................................................ xvii Introduction ............................................................................................. xix Part I: Synthesis Chapter One ................................................................................................
  • Epirus: Land of Legends

    Epirus: Land of Legends

    Travel Epirus: 1 his year Epirus, a land of mountainous region in north-western Greece, cel- Tebrates its liberation from Ottoman rule and incorporation into the Hellenic Republic. Besides the attractions of its rugged natural legends beauty, Epirus is a land steeped in ancient myths, where the modern traveller can follow in the footsteps James Beresford follows in the footsteps of of Classical heroes. Emptying into the Ionian Sea just Classical heroes across a largely forgotten region a few miles south-east of the pretty of Greece where some of the great events of seaside town of Parga, the Acheron, or ‘River of Woe’, was regarded ancient myth and history were played out by ancient and medieval writers as 2 one of the principal waterways of the Underworld. Virgil described upstream in the wake of Charon 1. View of the Epirot Although recent research has cast Charon the ferryman transporting and the innumerable ancient Greek coast from the some doubt on the sacredness of the the souls of the dead to the Halls pilgrims who also made this journey crumbling battlements site, votive clay figurines featuring of Parga castle, with of Hades across the Acheron, while in order to commune with the dead Persephone, the reluctant bride of the clear waters of Dante wrote of the river forming the at the Nekromanteion, or ‘Oracle of the Ionian Sea below. Hades, dating from the 7th to 5th boundary of Hell. Today the trans- Death’ (6). Picture courtesy of centuries BC, discovered nearby, lucent water and reed-lined banks Set back a little over a mile from Jennifer Slot.
  • (Pelasgians/Pelasgi/Pelasti/Pelišti) – the Archaic Mythical Pelasgo/Stork-People from Macedonia

    (Pelasgians/Pelasgi/Pelasti/Pelišti) – the Archaic Mythical Pelasgo/Stork-People from Macedonia

    Basil Chulev • ∘ ⊕ ∘ • Pelasgi/Balasgi, Belasgians (Pelasgians/Pelasgi/Pelasti/Pelišti) – the Archaic Mythical Pelasgo/Stork-people from Macedonia 2013 Contents: Introduction ................................................................................................................... 5 Macedonians from Pella and Pelasgians from Macedon – origin of the Pelasgians ....... 16 Religion of the Pelasgians …………………..…………………………………..……… 32 Pelasgian language and script .......................................................................................... 39 Archaeological, Etymological, Mythological, and Genetic evidence of Pelasgic origin of Macedonians .................................................................................................................... 52 References ........................................................................................................................ 64 Introduction All the Macedonians are familiar with the ancient folktale of 'Silyan the Stork' (Mkd.latin: Silyan Štrkot, Cyrillic: Сиљан Штркот). It is one of the longest (25 pages) and unique Macedonian folktales. It was recorded in the 19th century, in vicinity of Prilep, Central Macedonia, a territory inhabited by the most direct Macedonian descendents of the ancient Bryges and Paionians. The notion of Bryges appear as from Erodot (Lat. Herodotus), who noted that the Bryges lived originally in Macedonia, and when they moved to Asia Minor they were called 'Phryges' (i.e. Phrygians). Who was Silyan? The story goes: Silyan was banished