IUCN COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL POLICY Policy Matters ISSUE 19 - APRIL 2014 RememberingHER WORK AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE THElinorEORY AND PRA OstromCTICE OF CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IUCN COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL POLICY Policy Matters ISSUE 19 – APRIL 2014 RememberingHER WORK AND ITS ElinorCONTRIBUTIO OstromN TO THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT James P. Robson IainEdited J. Davidson-Hunt by: Alyne Delaney Gabriela Lichtenstein Lapologang Magole Aroha Te Pareake Mead © 2014 International Union for Conservation of Nature Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial uses is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder(s) provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder(s). The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) or of the Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy (CEESP). The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN [**or other participating organizations] concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication should be cited as: Robson, James P., Iain J. Davidson-Hunt, Alyne Delaney, Gabriela Lichtenstein, Lapologang Magole and Aroha Te Pareake Mead.Policy Matters2014. Remembering Elinor Ostrom: Her Work and Its Contribution to the Theory and Practice of Conservation and Sustainable Natural Resource Management. , Issue 19. CEESP and IUCN: Gland, CH. Printed in Australia by Finsbury Green 1 S Rd, Thebarton SA 5031, Australia +61 8 8234 8000 ISBN: 978-8317-1643-5 Table of Contents 5 Preface 7 Introduction 11 CHAPTER ONE Harini Nagendra, Rucha Ghate, Jagdeesh Rao Governing India’s Commons: The Influence of Elinor Ostrom’s Ideas 23 CHAPTER TWO RaulThe ImpactPacheco-Vega of Elinor Ostrom’s Scholarship on Commons Governance in Mexico: An Overview 35 CHAPTER THREE LeticiaRompiendo Merino paradigmas: Pérez Gobernanza de los bienes comunes y ciudadanía en las políticas forestal y de conservación Mexicanas 47 CHAPTER FOUR BereketAn Assessment Tsehaye Haile of Community Management of Traditional Woodland Enclosures (Hiza’ti) in the Highlands of Eritrea 57 CHAPTER FIVE ElizabethGoverning Gachenga the Commons Through Customary Law Systems of Water Governance: The Case of the Marakwet 69 CHAPTER SIX DerekResearching Kauneckis Complex Governance Arrangements: Elinor Ostrom’s Legacy for Research Methods and the Analysis of Institutional Design 79 CHAPTER SEVEN RosanneAdvancing Van Algonquin Schie Recognition and Participation in Forest Management in Québec, Canada 91 CHAPTER EIGHT HijabaFrom Theory Ykhanbai to and Practice: Ronnie AVernooy Decade of Co-managing Pasture and Other Natural Resources in Mongolia 103 CHAPTER NINE DiegoRecognition Pacheco of the Role of Collective Action among Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities in the Convention on Biological Diversity 111 CHAPTER TEN Arun Agrawal and Jesse Ribot Are Ostrom’s Design Principles Sufficient for Design? 117 CHAPTER ELEVEN Caña Dulce y Caña Brava Un son para Lin Ostrom POLICY MATTERS 2014: REMEMBERING ELINOR OSTROM 3 Acknowledgements The publication of this special issue In addition to the chapter authors we thank emerged from discussions during the IUCN members of CEESP and IASC who agreed Commission on Environmental, Economic to act as peer reviewers for the chapters and Social Policy Steering Group meeting including Drs. David Bray, Catie Burlando, in January of 2013. Aroha Mead and Iain Nathan Deutsch, Rosie Cooney and Jose Davidson-Hunt approached the International Furtado along with some who preferred to Association for the Study of the Commons remain anonymous. We also thank Mr. Marcel who supported the vision and colleagues Jim Morin of Lost Art Cartography for reproducing Robson, Alyne Delaney, Gabriela Lichtenstein maps (pgs. 51, 52, 81, 96) for the volume and Lapologang Magole of the IASC came on and Ms. Patty Nelson of Nelson Architects board to complete the editorial team. As it for graphic design and layout. Along with turns out most of the editors are members photos provided by chapter authors we are of both CEESP and IASC and we thank both also grateful to those members of CEESP organizations for their support in making who responded to Aroha’s request to include this publication possible. A special thanks to photos of Lin in the volume. CEESP and IUCN for providing the funding to print the publication and make it available for the World Parks Congress and also as an ebook available through the IUCN website. Plate 1: Elinor Ostrom with Aroha Mead, Grazia Borrini-Feyerabend and Taghi Farvar at the CEESP Sharing Power Conference, Whakatane, Aotearoa (New Zealand), January 2011. (Photo credit: CEESP) POLICY MATTERS 2014: REMEMBERING ELINOR OSTROM 4 Preface My lasting memory of Elinor Ostrom is of work that was instrumental in earning her the us sitting together at a picnic table outside 2009 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. We the shop/garage in Taneatua (Bay of Plenty, began trying to match the design principles New Zealand) waiting for a bus. This was to the situation of Maori in general and the in January 2011. Elinor had cut short her Tuhoe people in particular. I struggled to get time at the meeting of the International beyond the principle of having clearly defined Association for the Study of the Commons boundaries and the ability to exclude others. (IASC) in Hyderabad, India, an Association of The bus arrived and we both tucked our which she was a founding member, to travel discussion away. to Whakatane, New Zealand to participate in Our guides for the day were Tuhoe artist and another conference, Sharing Power: A New activist Tame Iti and actor and activist Patrick Vision for Development. The Sharing Power ‘Onion’ Orupe. From Taneatua we visited Conference was organised by the Ngati Awa tribe, Te Whare Wanangao Awanuirangi, and the burial place of the Maori prophet, faith the Commission on Environmental, Economic healer and land rights activist Rua Kenana & Social Policy (CEESP) of the International at Tupou Marae in Waimana and later drove Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). through the blockade that had been put in Elinor was a founding member of the place to keep government officials out of the Commission’s Theme on Governance, Equity & Urewera National Park. The return of Urewera Rights. National Park to Tuhoe was part of the Treaty of Waitangi Settlement negotiation process By the time she travelled to New Zealand, that was currently underway. We stopped Elinor was already feeling poorly. Yet she and talked to the Tuhoe people guarding the insisted on joining the Conference participants blockade and as the bus drove away we passed for a field-trip as soon as she arrived after a number of police cars heading for a stand-off her long journey from Hyderabad. I therefore with the protestors—a day in the life of many had the task of picking her up at the airport indigenous peoples and part of the struggle to and driving to the Taneatua shops to wait for have those with power relate to communities the field-trip bus that was taking participants as fellow citizens rather than protestors or for a tour of the lands of the Tuhoe people in marginalised peoples (names used to diminish the heart of the Urewera ranges. The topic their status and integrity). We then visited Te of the day was ‘Sharing Power—indigenous Rewarewa Marae in Ruatoki to hear from a governance of conservation areas’ and the range of Tuhoe people about their plans and ‘shared power’ part of the discussion was aspirations post-Treaty settlement. centered around the ability or inability of those with power to transfer lands back to Throughout this time Elinor was quiet. She indigenous peoples unfettered. didn’t ask any questions in the open forum, she didn’t speak. After the Marae visit I drove her As we waited for the bus I briefed her on our back to the place where all of the conference tribal hosts for the day, Tuhoe, and mentioned participants converged for dinner after field- that of any tribe in New Zealand, they had the trips into four different tribal areas (Ngati best chance of having the lands of a National Awa, Te Arawa, Ngati Tuwharetoa and Tuhoe). Park located within their territories returned As soon as the car door closed we resumed our to them and that there was widespread discussion. support across New Zealand society for this to happen. In turn, Elinor spoke of her work Whereas I had thought the design principles and the eight “design principles” of collective for common pool resource management would action for commons management discussed in be problematic in the NZ Maori situation her 1990 book, Governing the Commons—the because of the fluid nature of many tribal POLICY MATTERS 2014: REMEMBERING ELINOR OSTROM 5 boundaries, she saw this as a reinforcement sustainably over time. Elinor was also very of what truly constitutes common pool clear in her talks with me, and in the Keynote resources. What I mean by ‘fluid nature of presentation she delivered to the Sharing tribal boundaries’ is that while many tribes Power Conference the following day, that can and do confidently assert authority over there is no quick-fix panacea, there is no one their central territories, they tend to adopt a simple solution and nor is there one solution diplomatic inter-tribal relations approach to for all contexts throughout the world. Rather the outer boundaries they share with other the key to effective long-term sustainability tribes.